Unit 1 知识点汇总+练习 2026-2027学年人教版英语九年级上册

一、单元话题与核心目标 本单元以 The Changing World（变化中的世界）为主题，通过 Li Rui 的家乡变迁、塞罕坝式治沙故事、肯尼亚蒙内铁路（Mombasa–Nairobi Railway）以及学生个人生活的变化，引导学生用英语对比过去与现在，描述身边发生的巨大变化，并思考变化背后的原因与影响。 话题范围：家乡变化、环境保护、交通发展、科技进步、中外合作、生活方式变迁。 核心语法：①一般过去时；②used to do sth.；③现在完成时（have/has + 过去分词）。 写作任务：对比小学与初中生活/家乡的今昔变化，结尾点出不变的东西。 二、重点词汇 （一）话题核心单词 单词/短语 中文释义 课文原句/例句 change 变化 What changes have taken place around you? sandstorm 沙尘暴 There used to be sandstorms all the time. shortage 短缺 Water shortage is a serious problem in the area. farmland 农田 The farmland was getting smaller and smaller. technology 技术 The lack of technology made life difficult. bush 灌木 They found a bush. It had long roots. sandy 沙质的 They began planting it in sandy soil. soil 土壤 The roots could hold the soil together. government 政府 They planted bushes with the government support. result 结果 As a result, people now have more fresh food. product 产品 We can now sell local products to tourists. corn 玉米 The corn fields are much larger now. bridge 桥 The town has built a new bridge over the river. wide 宽的 The road used to be narrow. Now it is wide. capital 首都 Nairobi is the capital of Kenya. highway 高速公路 The new highway and railway have helped a lot. railway 铁路 In 2017, the new 480-kilometre railway was opened. tourist 游客 Our village has become a tourist attraction. attraction 景点 The village has become a popular tourist attraction. e-payment 电子支付 E-payment has changed the way we shop. housing 住房 We now live in a much larger flat. transport 交通 Public transport has become much more convenient. medical 医疗的 The village has built a new hospital for medical care. achieve 实现 It is amazing how much we have achieved together. confident 自信的 I have become more confident in my studies. （二）合成词（Compound Words） 本单元重点学习“形容词/名词 + 名词”构成的合成词，课文 2a 出现如下： green + house = greenhouse 温室 → Now I have large, high-tech greenhouses. sand + storm = sandstorm 沙尘暴 → Sandstorms used to hit the area every spring. high + way = highway 公路 → The new highway cut travel time greatly. farm + land = farmland 农田 → The farmland has become larger. rail + way = railway 铁路 → The new railway was opened in 2017. 拓展：classroom, hometown, weekend, roadside, online, sunshine 等。 三、重点短语与搭配 短语 中文含义 课文原句/例句 take place 发生（常指有计划、有组织的变化） Great changes have taken place in my hometown. used to do sth. 过去常常做某事（现在不做了） Many young people used to work in big cities. be covered with 被……覆盖 The hills were covered with sand. Now they are covered with trees. as a result 结果，因此 As a result, the lives of local people have improved. thousands of 成千上万的 The government has built thousands of kilometres of highways. benefit from 从……中受益 Local Kenyans have benefited a lot from the new railway. with the support of 在……的支持下 They planted bushes with the government support. over the past/last ... years 在过去的……年里（常配现在完成时） How has life changed over the last 20 years? so far 到目前为止（常配现在完成时） So far, more than two million people have used it. pay attention to 注意 Pay attention to the use of different tenses. a tourist attraction 旅游景点 Our village has become a tourist attraction. take a bus / by bus 乘公交 I take a bus every day with my friends. move to 搬到 My family has moved to a much larger flat. make a living 谋生 Locals used to make a living by farming. 四、核心语法 （一）一般过去时 vs 现在完成时 本单元语法核心是区分两种时态。 简单判断：有明确过去时间点，用一般过去时；强调过去动作对现在的影响/结果，或从过去持续到现在，用现在完成时。 用法 一般过去时 (Simple Past) 现在完成时 (Present Perfect) 含义 过去某个时间发生的动作或状态，与现在无关 过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响/结果，或从过去持续到现在 结构 动词过去式 (did / V-ed) have / has + 过去分词 (p.p.) 时间状语 ago, yesterday, last week, in 2017, just now already, yet, just, ever, never, since, for, so far, over the past...years 课文例句 He became a good friend of your grandfather about 20 years ago. In 2017, the new railway was opened. They haven't seen each other for ages! Our village has just built a new hospital. Now, more of them have come back to live and work here. 【易混点对比】 ① I went to the library last Saturday.（上周六去的，只陈述过去事实） ② I have been to the library.（去过图书馆，强调现在对那里很熟悉） ③ The new railway opened in 2017.（2017年开通，过去时间点→过去时） ④ The new railway has cut travel time to about five hours.（现在已经缩短了时间→完成时） （二）used to do sth. 结构 used to + 动词原形，表示“过去常常做某事（但现在不做了）”，暗含今昔对比。 肯定句：主语 + used to do ... 否定句：主语 + didn't use to do ... / used not to do ... 疑问句：Did + 主语 + use to do ...? 课文原句： We used to have to travel far to see a doctor.（我们过去不得不走很远去看病。） Many young people used to work in big cities. Now, more of them have come back. It used to take 10 hours to get to Nairobi from Mombasa by train. My primary school was near my home, so I used to walk to school with my parents. 辨析：be used to doing sth. = 习惯于做某事（to 是介词，后接 doing），与 used to do 意思完全不同。 （三）现在完成时常见标志词小结 标志词 含义 位置/用法 课文例句 already 已经 肯定句中 Our village has already built a new hospital. yet 还（否）/已经（疑问） 否定句、疑问句末 Have you been to the new library yet? just 刚刚 句中，have/has 之后 Our village has just built a new hospital. ever 曾经 疑问句中 It's the most high-tech library I have ever visited. never 从不 句中 They haven't seen each other for ages! since + 时间点 自从…… 从句常用过去时 Great changes have taken place since 2017. for + 时间段 长达…… 持续多久 They haven't seen each other for ages. so far / over the past...years 迄今为止 / 在过去……年里 句首或句末 How has life changed over the last 20 years? （四）have been to vs have gone to have been to + 地点：去过某地（已经回来） have gone to + 地点：去了某地（还没回来） 例：—Where's your grandpa? —He has gone to the library.（他去了图书馆，人还在那里。） 五、写作重点句型（用于描述今昔变化） • How has life changed in your hometown over the last 20 years? 在过去20年里，你家乡的生活发生了怎样的变化？ • Great changes have taken place in my hometown. 我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。 • There used to be ..., but now ... 过去这里曾经……，但是现在…… • In the past, people had to ..., but now they can ... 过去人们不得不……，但现在他们可以…… • It used to take ... to do sth., but now it takes only ... 过去做某事要花……，但现在只需要…… • The ... has improved local people's lives a lot. ……大大改善了当地人的生活。 • As a result, people now have a better life. 结果，人们现在过上了更好的生活。 • My life has changed in many ways, but one thing has stayed the same: ... 我的生活在很多方面都变了，但有一件事始终没变：…… 一、单项选择（共5小题） 从下列各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. — ______ you ever ______ to the new high-speed railway station in our city? — Yes. I went there with my parents last weekend. A. Did; go B. Have; been C. Have; gone D. Do; go 2. Great changes ______ in my hometown in the past ten years. Many new tall buildings have appeared. A. take place B. took place C. have taken place D. will take place 3. There ______ a small and dirty river in front of my old neighborhood, but now it has turned into a beautiful park. A. used to be B. used to have C. was used to be D. is used to being 4. — ______ has the new Mombasa–Nairobi Railway been in service? — Since it was opened in 2017. A. How soon B. How often C. How long D. How far 5. Our village ______ a new hospital and a library already. People here don't need to travel far to see a doctor. A. builds B. built C. has built D. is building 二、完形填空（共10小题） 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Great Changes in My Hometown The world is changing fast, and my hometown is also becoming better day by day. Over the years, many great changes have __1__ in my small town. I still remember what it __2__ be like ten years ago. In the past, the roads here were narrow and __3__. There were few buses or shared bikes. People __4__ walk or ride old bikes to go out. It __5__ them a long time to get to school or work. There __6__ a small river in front of our neighbourhood, but the water was dirty and there was rubbish everywhere. The air was not fresh, and there were often sandstorms in spring. Now, everything has changed. The government has __7__ wide new roads and a big park. The river has been cleaned up, and people like to take a walk there after dinner. More and more tall __8__ have appeared, and most families have moved into new flats. The environment is becoming __9__ . I think these changes are the result of the fast development of our country. I love my hometown, and I believe it will become even __10__ in the future. 1. A. taken place B. happened to C. taken off D. tried on 2. A. used to B. was used to C. used for D. was used for 3. A. wide B. rough C. clean D. smooth 4. A. used to B. were used to C. were used for D. used for 5. A. spent B. cost C. took D. paid 6. A. used to have B. used to be C. was used to be D. there was 7. A. build B. built C. building D. builds 8. A. schools B. hospitals C. buildings D. cinemas 9. A. worse and worse B. better and better C. colder and colder D. hotter and hotter 10. A. bad B. worse C. good D. better 三、阅读理解（共4小题） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 Changes of Li Daming's Hometown Many people like Li Daming show great interest in the changes of their hometowns. Lots of large hospitals and new roads have appeared. In many places, a lot of excellent teachers from the cities have come to help as well. "I hear that's true of my hometown," said Li Daming. "Twenty years ago, there was only one small school in the town. Most children couldn't afford to go to school. But now there are two new schools, and all the children can study for free. The old library has also turned into a modern one with thousands of books." "What about the environment?" I asked. "Well," Li went on, "there used to be serious sandstorms here. The hills were covered with sand. With the support of the government, people have planted millions of trees and bushes over the past 20 years. Now the hills are green, and the air is much fresher." "My parents used to work in big cities far away," Li said with a smile. "But now they have come back. My father runs a small shop selling local products online, and my mother works in the new greenhouse. We have more time to stay together." "China is developing so fast," said Li. "I feel very proud of my country and my hometown." 1. How many schools are there in Li Daming's hometown now? A. One. B. Two. C. Three. D. Four. 2. What did the old library turn into? A. A hospital. B. A modern school. C. A modern library. D. A big shop. 3. How did people solve the sandstorm problem? A. By building more roads. B. By moving to cities. C. By planting trees and bushes. D. By building new schools. 4. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A. Li Daming's parents still work in big cities. B. Children had to pay for their study 20 years ago. C. The environment is still as bad as before. D. Li Daming feels sad about the changes. 四、阅读七选五（共5小题） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 The world around us is changing all the time. New technology, new roads and new buildings appear every year. __1__ However, some changes are good, and others may bring problems. How can we enjoy the changes and live a better life? Here is some advice. __2__ For example, e-payment makes shopping easier, and high-speed railways make travelling faster. We should learn to use new things and make them serve us. Second, don't be afraid of leaving old habits. __3__ But now, more and more people choose to walk or ride a bike to keep healthy. Changes help us grow. Third, protect what is important. Although our hometown is developing fast, we should never forget the rivers, the trees and the old streets. __4__ They make our hometown special. Finally, spend more time with family. __5__ But one thing should never change: the love between family members. Treasure every moment you spend with them. A. First, be open to new things. B. These changes make our lives more convenient. C. In the past, many people drove cars to work. D. They are part of our memories. E. Technology has made our lives much easier. F. Our life is different in many ways. G. Changes always bring us good luck. 五、语法填空（共10小题） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 My hometown __1__ (change) a lot over the past 20 years. In the past, it __2__ (be) a small and poor village. There __3__ (use) to be no wide roads, and people had to walk for hours to get to the nearest town. Most farmers made a living by __4__ (grow) corn and vegetables. Great changes __5__ (take) place since the new highway was built 10 years ago. The government __6__ (build) many new schools and a big hospital. Now, the villagers can see a doctor without __7__ (travel) far. Many young people who used to work in big cities __8__ (come) back to open shops or run online businesses. The environment is also getting much __9__ (good). The hills, which used to be covered with sand, are now covered __10__ green trees. I love my hometown. I believe it will become more and more beautiful. 六、书面表达 假如你是李华，你的英国笔友 Peter 想了解你家乡近十年来的变化。请你根据以下提示，用英语写一篇 80 词左右的短文，向他介绍家乡的今昔变化。 要点： 1. 过去：道路狭窄、房屋破旧、环境较差； 2. 现在：道路宽阔、高楼林立、新建了公园和医院，环境变美； 3. 你的感受和期望。 注意：短文必须包含所有要点，可适当发挥；开头已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Peter, I'm glad to tell you something about the changes in my hometown. __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ 参考答案与解析 一、单项选择 1. B 考查现在完成时。由 ever 和答语 last weekend 可知，问句强调“到目前为止是否去过”，用 Have you ever been to...。have gone to 表示“去了未回”，不合句意。 2. C 考查时态。时间状语 in the past ten years（在过去十年里）是现在完成时的标志，故选 have taken place。take place 无被动。 3. A 考查 used to be。句意：过去在我家前面有一条又小又脏的河。There used to be... 表示“过去曾经有……”，固定句型。 4. C 考查疑问词。答语 Since 2017 表示一段时间，问句用 How long（多久）提问。How soon 答语为 in+段时间；How often 问频率；How far 问距离。 5. C 考查时态。already 是现在完成时的标志词，主语 village 为单数，故用 has built。 二、完形填空 1. A 短语辨析。take place 发生（有计划的变化）；happen to 碰巧；take off 起飞；try on 试穿。 2. A 固定搭配。used to be like 过去曾经是什么样子。 3. B 上下文。与前面 narrow 并列，过去道路又窄又崎岖，选 rough。 4. A 上下文。过去人们常常步行或骑自行车，用 used to do。 5. C 固定句型。It takes sb. some time to do sth.，描述过去用 took。 6. B There used to be... 过去曾经有……。 7. B 现在完成时 has built。 8. C 上下文。 tall buildings 高楼大厦。 9. B 环境越来越好 better and better。 10. D even 修饰比较级，家乡会变得更好 better。 三、阅读理解 1. B 细节题。由第二段“But now there are two new schools”可知。 2. C 细节题。由第二段“The old library has also turned into a modern one”可知。 3. C 细节题。由第三段“people have planted millions of trees and bushes”可知。 4. B 判断正误。由第二段“Twenty years ago... Most children couldn't afford to go to school”可知20年前上学要花钱，B正确。 四、阅读七选五 1. B 上文说新技术、新道路、新建筑每年都在出现，B项“这些变化让我们的生活更便利”承接上文。 2. A 由下文 Second、Third、Finally 可知，这里是第一条建议，选 A（First, be open to new things.）。 3. C 下文 But now 表示今昔对比，选 C（过去很多人开车上班）。 4. D 上文说不要忘记河流、树木、老街，D项“它们是我们记忆的一部分”承接。 5. F 下文 But one thing should never change（但有一样东西永不改变）与 F 项“我们的生活在很多方面都不同了”构成转折。 五、语法填空 1. has changed 由 over the past 20 years 可知用现在完成时，主语 hometown 为单数。 2. was In the past 表示过去，主语 it 用 was。 3. used There used to be... 过去曾经有……。 4. growing by 是介词，后接动名词 growing。 5. have taken since 引导的时间状语从句，主句用现在完成时，主语 changes 为复数。 6. has built 政府已经建了许多学校和医院，强调对现在的影响，用现在完成时。 7. travelling without 是介词，后接动名词 travelling。 8. have come 由语境可知“已经回来了”，用现在完成时。 9. better much 修饰比较级，表示环境变得更好。 10. with be covered with... 被……覆盖，固定搭配。 六、书面表达（参考范文） Dear Peter, I'm glad to tell you something about the changes in my hometown. Great changes have taken place here in the past ten years. In the past, the roads were narrow and dirty, and most people lived in old and small houses. The environment was not good, and there were often sandstorms in spring. But now, wide roads have appeared, and many tall buildings have been built. A new park and a modern hospital have also been built. The air is fresher and the water is cleaner. I think our life is becoming better and better. I love my hometown, and I hope it will become more beautiful in the future. Yours, Li Hua 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $