内容正文:
七年级上册英语期中冲刺讲义
(知识梳理+考点突破+重难点解析+易错点辨析+考点分层精练+参考答案与解析)
人教版(2024)2026—2027学年七年级英语上册
一、讲义使用说明
项目
说明
教材版本
人教版《义务教育教科书·英语》七年级上册(2024年版新教材),知识与2026—2027学年现行教材一致
期中范围
Starter Units 1—3(问候介绍、辨认物品、颜色与数字)+ Unit 1 You and Me、Unit 2 We're Family!、Unit 3 My School,不超出此范围
编写理念
知识系统化(表格对比建框架)+记忆高效化(对比归纳与口诀,拒绝死记硬背)+解题技巧化(每考点配方法点拨)三位一体
使用方法
先过知识梳理建框架,再跟考点突破学方法,重点难点专题吃透,易错点辨析防失分,最后按基础—提升—拓展三层精练自测
分层建议
基础题稳拿识记分,提升题练情境运用,拓展题攻综合迁移;每道题先独立作答,再对照参考答案与解析订正
【课标导航】对应《义务教育英语课程标准(2022年版)》“人与自我”“人与社会”主题,要求能用英语完成自我介绍、辨认物品、介绍家庭与校园物品,掌握be动词、人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、冠词、方位介词与名词复数等核心语言知识。
【考情预测】七年级上册期中考查以单项选择为主要客观题,集中在be动词一致、代词辨析、指示代词问答、冠词、介词与名词复数;主观题常考词汇运用、句型转换、补全对话与简短书面表达。命题贴近校园生活、家庭介绍与失物招领等真实情境。
二、知识梳理(系统化)
本模块用表格把期中全部考点连成框架,先记“骨架”再填“血肉”,避免孤立背单词、背句型。
(一)字母、语音与冠词
项目
核心内容
要点提醒
26个字母
A—Z大小写规范书写,元音字母a/e/i/o/u
句首字母必须大写;人名、星期、月份首字母大写
a/an/the
a用于辅音音素前,an用于元音音素前,the表特指
看发音不看字母:an hour, a university, an umbrella
What's this/that in English?
用It's a/an…回答
a/an由后面单词的发音决定
What color…?
用颜色词回答,颜色前不加a/an
color在美式英语中也写作colour
(二)核心话题词汇分类记忆
话题
分类词汇
使用场景
问候与介绍
hello, hi, good morning, goodbye, name, my, your, I, you
见面打招呼、自我介绍
学习用品
pen, pencil, ruler, book, eraser, bag, schoolbag, pencil box, dictionary
Unit 3 My School,辨认与谈论物品
家庭成员
father/dad, mother/mum, brother, sister, grandfather/grandpa, grandmother/grandma, parent
Unit 2 We're Family!,介绍家庭
人物代词
I, you, he, she, it, we, they;my, your, his, her, our, their
作主语或修饰名词
方位与场所
in, on, under;desk, chair, bed, room, school, classroom
Where is…? 询问位置
数字与颜色
one—ten;red, yellow, blue, green, black, white
报号码、说颜色
(三)功能句型网络
功能
常用句型
应答
打招呼
Hello! / Good morning. / Nice to meet you.
Hello! / Nice to meet you, too.
问姓名
What's your name? / What's his/her name?
My name is… / His/Her name is…
辨认物品
What's this/that in English?
It's a/an…
问位置
Where is…? / Where are…?
It's in/on/under… / They are…
确认物品
Is this/that…? / Are these/those…?
Yes, it is. / No, it isn't. / Yes, they are. / No, they aren't.
(四)语法体系对比
1.be动词 am/is/are 一致表
主语
be动词
例句
I(我)
am
I am a student.
he/she/it 及单数名词
is
She is my sister. / The book is new.
you/we/they 及复数名词
are
You are kind. / They are my parents.
2.主格代词与物主代词(后接名词)对比表
人称
主格(作主语)
形容词性物主代词(后接名词)
例句
我
I
my
I am Ruby. This is my pen.
你/你们
you
your
You are kind. Is this your bag?
他
he
his
He is Sam. His ruler is blue.
她
she
her
She is Nora. Her cup is white.
它
it
its
It is a dog. Its name is Coco.
我们
we
our
We are friends. This is our classroom.
他们
they
their
They are my brothers. Their books are new.
3.指示代词 this/that/these/those 问答表
指示代词
指称
问句与回答
this(这个)
近处单数
Is this your book? Yes, it is. / No, it isn't.
that(那个)
远处单数
What is that over there? It is a quilt.
these(这些)
近处复数
Are these your crayons? Yes, they are.
those(那些)
远处复数
Are those your keys? No, they aren't.
【提示】用this/that提问,回答统一用it替代;用these/those提问,回答统一用they替代,答语中不重复指示代词。
4.方位介词与高频固定搭配
项目
内容
例句
方位介词
in(在……里)on(在……表面上)under(在……下面)
The ball is in the box.
固定搭配
call sb. at+电话号码;ask sb. for help;a photo of…;thank you for…
Call me at 876-4521. / a photo of my family
三、考点突破(解题技巧化)
每个考点先给解题技巧,再配一道典型例题,跟着方法走,不靠语感蒙。
考点1 be动词 am/is/are 的人称一致
【解题技巧】第一步圈出句子主语;第二步按“I配am,he/she/it与单数配is,you/we/they与复数配are”对号入座;and连接两个并列主语按复数处理。
例1(be动词·人称一致) My name ( ) Ruby. I ( ) a seventh-grade student in Hohhot.
A. is; am B. are; am C. is; are
【答案】A。
【解析】主语My name是单数第三人称,be动词用is;主语I固定搭配am。故选A。
【知识点睛】be动词随主语变:I用am,you用are,is跟着he/she/it,复数一律用are;先找主语再定be动词,不要看空格后离得最近的词。
考点2 人称代词主格与形容词性物主代词辨析
【解题技巧】看空格后是否紧跟名词:紧跟名词用物主代词(my/your/his/her/its/our/their);空格作句子主语、后面是谓语动词,用主格(I/he/she/it/we/they)。
例2(代词·物主与主格) The girl ( ) red is my deskmate. ( ) name is Nora.
A. in; Her B. in; She C. on; His
【答案】A。
【解析】“穿红色衣服”用固定搭配in red;第二空后接名词name,需用形容词性物主代词Her。故选A。
【知识点睛】空格后有名词=物主代词,空格在句首作主语=主格;in+颜色表示“穿……颜色的衣服”,是本考点常结合的搭配。
考点3 指示代词 this/that/these/those 与问答
【解题技巧】先看名词单复数:单数用this/that,复数用these/those;答语规则:单数问句用it答,复数问句用they答,绝不重复指示代词。
例3(指示代词·问答) —( ) your new storybooks on that shelf? —Yes, ( ) are.
A. Are those; they B. Is this; it C. Are these; those
【答案】A。
【解析】storybooks是复数,且在远处的书架上,用Are those提问;复数问句用they回答。故选A。
【知识点睛】this/that(单)→ it;these/those(复)→ they。答语出现these/those或this/that直接重复的选项,一律排除。
考点4 冠词 a/an/the 的选择
【解题技巧】第一次提到的可数名词用a/an;按后面单词开头的音素判断a还是an(元音音素前用an);第二次提到或特指同一事物用the。
例4(冠词·a/an/the) I have ( ) English storybook. ( ) storybook is a gift from my aunt.
A. an; The B. a; The C. an; A
【答案】A。
【解析】English词首发元音音素,前面用an;第二空特指前面提过的那本书,用定冠词The。故选A。
【知识点睛】判断a/an听“发音”不看“字母”:an hour(h不发音)、a university(发/juː/辅音)、an umbrella;再次提到用the特指。
考点5 方位介词 in/on/under 与固定搭配
【解题技巧】in在内部、on在表面、under在下方,先读情境判断物体相对位置。call…at+号码、ask…for help、a photo of…属成套固定搭配,整体记忆、不逐词替换介词。
例5(介词·方位与搭配) —Where is my school key? —It's ( ) the cup ( ) the table.
A. in; on B. on; under C. under; in
【答案】A。
【解析】钥匙在杯子内部用in,杯子在桌子表面上用on。故选A。
【知识点睛】in/on/under用“相对位置图”记:里—上—下;三组高频搭配call sb. at、ask sb. for、a photo of要成套背,介词不可互换。
四、重难点解析
重点1 be动词与并列主语的一致
口诀“我(I)用am,你(you)用are,is跟着他她它(he/she/it),单数is复数are”。and连接两个并列主语时视作复数,be动词一律用are,不要被离空格最近的I或单数名词迷惑。
【思路】圈出全部主语,判断是几个人/物,再选am/is/are。
重点2 主格与物主代词的判断方法
主格代词在句中作主语(位于动词前);形容词性物主代词后面必须紧跟名词。判断口诀:后有名词用“的”(物主),句首主语用“他/她”(主格)。
难点1 指示代词问答的 it/they 替代
Is this/that…? 答Yes, it is. / No, it isn't.;Are these/those…? 答Yes, they are. / No, they aren't.。易错:答语直接重复this/that/these/those,规范答语用it/they替代。
难点2 名词所有格 's 与 of、名词复数规则
有生命的名词后加's(Tom's pen, my sister's doll);无生命名词的“……的”常用of(a photo of my family)。名词复数:一般加s;s/x/sh/ch结尾加es;辅音字母+y改y为i加es;不规则变化man→men, child→children。
五、易错点辨析(记忆高效化)
【方法引导】拒绝死记硬背:把长得像、容易混的点放一起对比,一次看清区别,再配口诀,记得牢、不易错。
(一)五组易混对比表
易混点
区别对比
一句话判断
a vs an
a+辅音音素前;an+元音音素前(看发音)
an umbrella, an hour;a university, a book
he/she vs his/her
he/she作主语;his/her后接名词
He is Sam. / His name is Sam.
this/that vs these/those
this/that单数近/远;these/those复数近/远
看名词单复数,近this/these,远that/those
in/on/under
in内部、on表面、under下方
物体相对位置决定介词
's vs of
有生命用's;无生命用of
sister's doll;a photo of family
(二)记忆口诀(对比记忆)
【be动词口诀】我用am,你用are,is跟着他她它;单数is,复数are,and并列按复数。
【代词口诀】主格站在动词前,物主后面跟名词;男his女her,它的its记心间。
【指示代词口诀】this/that单数it来答,these/those复数they来代。
【冠词口诀】a辅an元看发音,再次提到用the定。
【复数口诀】一般直接加s,s/x/sh/ch加es,辅音+y变i再加es。
六、考点分层精练
(一)基础题(10道,建议约15分钟)
覆盖问候、冠词、辨认物品、be动词、指示代词、疑问词、名词复数与固定搭配,属必得分内容。
1. ( ), is this your pencil? —Yes, thank you.
A. Excuse me B. Goodbye C. Sorry
2. There is ( ) umbrella behind the door.
A. a B. an C. the
3. —( ) that over there? —It's a quilt.
A. What's B. Where's C. Who's
4. The two cute cats ( ) under the sofa.
A. am B. is C. are
5. —Is this your cup? —No, ( ). It's hers.
A. it is B. it isn't C. this isn't
6. —( ) is my red jacket? —It's on the bed.
A. What B. Where C. Who
7. I can see three ( ) on the desk.
A. box B. boxes C. boxs
8. Please ( ) me ( ) 876-4521 this evening.
A. call; at B. ask; for C. thank; for
9. 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。
(1) ( ) (be) these your new crayons?
(2) This is ( ) (she) pencil.
(3) I have two ( ) (watch).
10. 按要求改写句子,每空一词。
(1) That is my eraser.(改为一般疑问句) ( ) ( ) your eraser?
(2) These are my friends.(改为单数句) ( ) ( ) my friend.
(二)提升题(6道,建议约15分钟)
本层考查代词辨析、主谓一致、介词与句型转换,需灵活运用。
11. The boy ( ) blue is my new neighbour. ( ) name is Tom.
A. in; His B. in; He C. on; Her
12. —Are those your keys? —( ). They're my brother's.
A. No, they aren't B. Yes, they are C. No, those aren't
13. The ball is ( ) the box. You must open the box to see it.
A. on B. under C. in
14. —( ) is the man over there? —He's my uncle.
A. What B. Who C. Where
15. 根据汉语提示完成句子,每空一词。
(1) 这是我的两支蜡笔。 ( ) ( ) my two crayons.
(2) 我的帽子在课桌下面。 My cap is ( ) the ( ).
16. 根据对话上下文补全空缺,每空词数不限。
A: Good afternoon! Can I help you?
B: Yes, please. I lost my notebook.
A: 16. ( )?
B: It's green.
A: Is this green one yours?
B: 17. ( ). My notebook is the one with a star on the cover.
A: Oh, here's one with a star. Is it yours?
B: Yes, thank you very much.
A: 18. ( ).
(三)拓展题(4道,建议约15分钟)
本层为阅读、补全对话与书面表达综合题,考查真实情境中的迁移运用。
17. 阅读短文,选择最佳答案。
Hello! I'm Leo. I'm 11. I come from Canada, but my family and I live in Hohhot now. Look at this family photo. The tall man beside me is my father, Mr. Green. He is a teacher in a school. The kind woman is my mother. The baby in my arms is my little sister, Rose. She is only 2. Our dog Coco is on the floor.
(1) Where is Leo now? A. In Canada. B. In Hohhot. C. In Beijing.
(2) Who is Rose? A. Leo's mother. B. Leo's sister. C. Leo's friend.
(3) How old is Rose? A. 11. B. 2. C. 8.
18. 阅读下面两则启事,选择最佳答案。
Found: A yellow schoolbag. Inside are a math book, a pencil box and a key. Please call Jack at 555-2309.
Lost: My blue cap. My name is Emma. Please call 555-8876.
(1) What's in the schoolbag?
A. A cap. B. A math book. C. A dog.
(2) If you lost a blue cap, you can call ( ).
A. 555-2309 B. 555-8876 C. We don't know.
19. 结合上下文补全下面对话,每空词数不限。
A: Hi! Good morning. I'm Jack.
B: Hi, Jack. 19. ( )?
A: My last name is Brown.
B: Nice to meet you, Jack Brown.
A: 20. ( ).
B: My phone number is 667-1234.
A: 21. ( )?
B: It's a baseball.
20. 书面表达。假如你是Lily,请以My Schoolbag为题,写一段不少于5句话的英文短文,介绍书包的颜色、里面有哪些学习用品以及它们的位置。开头已给出,不计入总词数。
My schoolbag is on the chair. ________________________________________
七、参考答案与解析
(一)基础题
1. 【答案】A
【解析】Excuse me用于引起对方注意、礼貌地插话或询问;Goodbye表告别、Sorry表道歉,均不匹配“问路式确认”场景。易错:把Excuse me与Sorry混用。
2. 【答案】B
【解析】umbrella以元音音素开头,第一空用an;此处并非特指,不用the。易错:只看字母u而误选a。
3. 【答案】A
【解析】答语It's a quilt是物品,问句应为“What's that over there?”,What's=What is。Where's问位置、Who's问人,均不符。易错:漏写What's中的is。
4. 【答案】C
【解析】主语The two cute cats是复数,be动词用are。易错:只看离空格近的名词而误判。
5. 【答案】B
【解析】Is this…?一律用it作答,否定时先说No, it isn't.,后句“它是她的”也表明不是“我的”。易错:答语直接重复this。
6. 【答案】B
【解析】答语on the bed是地点,用Where提问。What问事物、Who问人。易错:未根据答语反推疑问词。
7. 【答案】B
【解析】three后接可数名词复数;box以x结尾,加es变为boxes。易错:误写boxs。
8. 【答案】A
【解析】call sb. at+电话号码表“拨某号找某人”,是成套固定搭配;ask…for help、thank…for均不与号码连用。易错:混淆三组介词搭配。
9. 【答案】(1) Are;(2) her;(3) watches。
【解析】(1) these后接复数,be动词用Are并提前;(2) 空格后有名词pencil,用形容词性物主代词her;(3) two后接watch的复数watches(ch结尾加es)。
10. 【答案】(1) Is that;(2) This is。
【解析】(1) 改一般疑问句时,先把is挪到句首并大写,that保持;(2) 复数转单数要把these换成this、are换成is,be动词与名词同步变。易错:改单复数时漏改be动词。
(二)提升题
11. 【答案】A
【解析】in+颜色表“穿……色衣服”;男孩作主语,第二空后接名词name,用男性物主代词His。易错:混淆主格He与物主代词His。
12. 【答案】A
【解析】后句“钥匙是我弟弟的”说明应作否定回答;Are those…?的答语用they,不用those。易错:答语直接重复those。
13. 【答案】C
【解析】由“必须打开盒子才能看见”推断球在盒子里面,用in。on在表面、under在下方均与“需打开”不符。
14. 【答案】B
【解析】答语回答人物身份(我的叔叔),用Who提问。What问事物、Where问位置。易错:混淆who/what/where。
15. 【答案】(1) These are;(2) under; desk。
【解析】(1) “两支蜡笔”是复数,介绍近处多件物品用These are,be动词随复数主语用are,不能误用is;(2) “在……下面”用方位介词under,“课桌”译作desk。易错:复数主语误用is,混淆under(下方)与on(表面)、in(内部)。
16. 【答案】16. What color is your notebook?;17. No, it isn't.;18. You're welcome.
【解析】16由答语It's green判断问颜色;17由后句“我的本子封面上有颗星星”作否定回答;18回应thank you very much用You're welcome.。
(三)拓展题
17. 【答案】(1) B;(2) B;(3) B。
【解析】(1) 由“my family and I live in Hohhot now”可知Leo一家现居呼和浩特;(2) 由“The baby in my arms is my little sister, Rose”可知Rose是他妹妹;(3) 由“She is only 2”可知Rose两岁。
18. 【答案】(1) B;(2) B。
【解析】(1) 由Found启事“Inside are a math book, a pencil box and a key”可知书包里有数学书;(2) Lost启事“Please call 555-8876”,丢蓝帽应拨此号。易错:把两则启事的电话记混。
19. 【答案】19. What's your family/last name?;20. Nice to meet you, too.;21. What's this/that in English?
【解析】19由答语My last name is Brown推知在问姓氏;20是对Nice to meet you的礼貌回应;21由答语It's a baseball推知在用辨认物品句型What's this/that in English?。
20. 【答案】参考范文:My schoolbag is on the chair. It is blue and white. There is a pencil box, two English books and a notebook in it. My ruler and eraser are in the pencil box. I like my schoolbag very much.
【解析】评分要点:① 写清书包颜色、内部学习用品及其位置;② be动词、介词in/on与名词复数正确;③ 不少于5句,大小写与标点规范。易错:漏写be动词、介词位置表达错误。
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