Unit 5 Education 外刊拓展提升（多题型专练）英语北师大版选择性必修第二册

Unit 5 Education 外刊拓展提升（多题型专练） 识·单元要点概览 外刊话题 名人名言 · 科普与社会视角聚焦思维机制、学习规律及中外教育差异，破除天赋固化偏见。 · 教育实践与人物故事围绕科学学习方法展开，以励志叙事传递坚持与主动学习的价值。 · “In a growth mindset, challenges are exciting rather than threatening.” — Carol S. Dweck · “It’s not that I’m so smart. It’s just that I stay with problems longer.” — Albert Einstein 阅读理解 C/D 篇 对比传统教学与掌握式学习，论证成长型思维的重要性 七选五 围绕成长型思维、科学学习方法设题，重点考查段落主旨与过渡衔接。 完形填空 高频词：potential, perseverance, flexible, accumulate, grit。 写作 读后续写：学生受挫后转变心态、查漏补缺、逆袭成长； 投稿写作：摒弃天赋论，倡导主动坚持的科学学习方式。 命题导向 培养批判性思维，破除学习固化认知，强调主动学习与坚持不懈。 Education命题预测 主题词汇 · accumulate knowledge gaps 积累知识漏洞 · hit a wall in study 学习上遭遇瓶颈 · fixed mindset 固化型思维 · growth mindset 成长型思维 · take agency over one’s learning 主动掌控自身学习 · cultivate grit and perseverance 培养毅力与恒心 读·外刊拓展阅读 Mastery Learning Shapes Better Learners （改编自：TED英语）Many students believe they lack natural talent for subjects like math and give up halfway. In fact, their poor academic performance mainly results from flawed traditional learning models, rather than personal inability. Traditional education arranges studies by fixed schedules instead of students’ actual mastery. Students move on to advanced knowledge even if they have hidden knowledge gaps. These unaddressed flaws keep accumulating, until students finally hit a wall and lose confidence. They mistakenly label themselves as “untalented”, forming a fixed mindset that limits their potential. Fortunately, mastery learning offers a practical solution. It advocates a learner-centered mode: the learning time is flexible, but the mastery of basic knowledge is fixed. Students are encouraged to fill in knowledge gaps patiently and grasp fundamental concepts firmly before moving forward. This process cultivates grit and perseverance, helping students build a growth mindset — the belief that abilities can be improved through continuous effort. In the information age, rigid fixed-pace learning can no longer meet social demands. Every student has unlimited potential. Only by abandoning fixed thinking, taking initiative in study, and pursuing true mastery of knowledge can students make steady academic progress and unlock their full potential. 【全文翻译】 掌握式学习，成就更好的自己 许多学生认为自己天生不擅长数学等学科，于是半途放弃。事实上，他们学业不佳的主要原因是传统学习模式存在缺陷，而非自身能力不足。 传统教育按照固定进度安排学习，并不关注学生的实际掌握情况。即便学生存在知识漏洞，课程依然会推进至更高阶的内容。这些未被弥补的短板不断累积，最终让学生遭遇学习瓶颈、丧失信心。他们错误地给自己贴上“没有天赋”的标签，形成固化思维，从而限制了自身潜能的发展。 所幸，掌握式学习为我们提供了切实的解决办法。它倡导以学习者为核心的学习模式：学习时长灵活可变，但吃透基础知识是硬性要求。学生需要耐心弥补知识漏洞，扎实掌握基础概念后，再继续进阶学习。这个过程能培养毅力与恒心，帮助学生树立成长型思维——相信能力可以通过持续努力不断提升。 在信息时代，刻板的固定式学习模式早已无法适配社会发展需求。每个学生都拥有无限潜能。唯有摒弃固化思维、主动投入学习、追求扎实的知识掌握，学生才能稳步提升学业，充分释放自身潜力。 【核心词汇】 1 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 ①complicated adj. 复杂的 ②involuntary adj. 不由自主的 ③gamble n. 赌博；冒险 ④process v. 处理 ⑤limbic system n. 边缘系统 ⑥emotion n. 情绪 ⑦calorie n. 卡路里 ⑧contract v. 收缩 ⑨torso n. 躯干 ⑩comparable adj. 可比较的；类似的 ⑪endorphin n. 内啡肽 ⑫release v. 释放 ⑬boost v. 提升；增强 ⑭immune system n. 免疫系统 ⑮antibody n. 抗体 ⑯depressed adj. 抑郁的 ⑰significance n. 意义；重要性 ⑱contagious adj. 有感染力的 ⑲sitcom n. 情景喜剧 ⑳bond n. 纽带；关系 【长难句分析】 When we laugh, the left side of the brain works out if what we are experiencing is a joke, while the right side determines whether we actually find it funny. 句意：当我们笑的时候，大脑左半球负责判断我们正在经历的是否是一个笑话，而右半球则决定我们是否真的觉得它好笑。 分析：When we laugh 是 when 引导的时间状语从句；主句主语是 the left side of the brain，谓语是 works out，if what we are experiencing is a joke 是 if 引导的宾语从句作 works out 的宾语（其中 what we are experiencing 是主语从句作 is 的主语）；while 引导并列分句，表示对比，the right side 是主语，determines 是谓语，whether we actually find it funny 是 whether 引导的宾语从句。 The relaxed feeling after laughter is comparable to the one felt after a good workout, as endorphins — the chemicals which give you warm feelings — are released into your brain. 句意：大笑后的放松感与锻炼后的感觉相似，因为内啡肽 —— 一种让你感到温暖的化学物质 —— 会被释放到大脑中。 分析：主句主语是 The relaxed feeling，after laughter 是后置定语，is comparable to 是谓语结构，the one 是宾语（one 代指 feeling），felt after a good workout 是过去分词短语作后置定语修饰 the one；as 引导原因状语从句，主语是 endorphins，the chemicals which give you warm feelings 是 endorphins 的同位语（其中 which give you warm feelings 是定语从句修饰 the chemicals），are released 是谓语，into your brain 是介词短语作状语。 练·能力培优拔高 培优提升篇 Passage 1 What is microcredential? （河南新乡市部分学校高二期末英语测评）UNESCO, the world’s education agency, defines microcredential as professional certification that centres on a set of learning outcomes in a narrow field. It is completed over a shorter time than a traditional university programme, from a week to a month. The most popular fields in which microcredentials appear are data analytics, information technology support and cybersecurity. Some colleges include one or more courses leading to microcredentials as part of their usual programmes. At Hawaii Pacific University, school leaders say including professional certifications in its business programme has sharply increased the number of interested students. How to find the right microcredential? For students, Credential Finder offers a way to search for the right microcredential offerings by field of study or industry. For example, if you are studying information science, you may take Google Data Analytics or an IBM Data Analyst course. Your university programme’s advisors should be helpful in identifying the best certificate programmes for your area of study. Be sure to check with your country’s government for more information on special training programmes. How much do microcredentials cost? Many of the course providers permit learners to use the materials for free, but to earn a certification, payment is required. Coursera has a monthly fee of $59 or a yearly fee of $399 for its Coursera Plus membership. For courses that universities offer for credit, the payment will depend on the price set by the school. The languages available in Coursera are English, German, Spanish, French, Russian and Portuguese (Brazilian). Other available languages include Japanese, Korean, Chinese (traditional and simplified) and Arabic. The online education service also provides automatic translation of course materials in Swedish, Greek, Polish, Bahasa Indonesian, Italian, Turkish, Thai and Kazakh. 1. What is known about “microcredential”? A. It can be obtained for free. B. It already covers all fields. C. Getting it is time-saving. D. It is required nationwide. 2. Who might the text be provided for? A. American high school students. B. Beginners who enjoy language learning. C. College graduates facing job applications. D. College students. 3. How does a Chinese who can speak English choose language in Coursera? A. He can only choose English. B. He can only choose simplified characters. C. He can seek help from automatic translation. D. He can freely choose either English or Chinese. Passage 2 （2025年浙江省培优联盟高三上学期七月仿真英语测评）Mathematics has an image problem: too many people stumble over it and conclude that the subject is just not for them. But the core problems I suppose is how maths is presented as cold and dry. I have a different approach which is to relate abstract maths to questions of politics and social justice. I have taught fairly maths-phobic art students in this way and have seen their attitudes transformed. They now embrace maths and even believe it can genuinely assist them. At a basic level, maths is founded on logic, so when I am teaching logic, I use examples from contemporary events rather than the old-fashioned type of problem. Instead of studying the logic of a statement like “all dogs have four legs”, I might discuss the statement like “___________”. However, rather than sticking to this type of dry mathematical example, I introduce issues like privilege and wealth — If someone has a higher status, are they automatically wealthier? We can also ask about working hours and income: if someone works more hours, do they necessarily earn more? The answer is clearly not. My approach is controversial because, traditionally, maths is supposed to be neutral. I have been criticized by people claiming my approach will be annoying to those who don’t care about social justice. However, the dry approach is also off-putting to those who do care. Sometimes, such society-oriented questions may benefit the well-rounded development of the students. In fact, I believe that all academic disciplines should address our most important issues. I don’t demand that students agree with me about politics, but I do ask that they construct thorough arguments to back up their thoughts and develop the crucial ability to analyze the logic of people they disagree with. Maths isn’t just about numbers and equations (方程式); it is about studying different logical systems. We can apply it to balls rolling down different hills, but we can also apply it to pressing social issues. I think we should do both, for the sake of society and to be more inclusive towards different types of students in maths education. 4. What is the author’s main argument on the teaching of mathematics? A. Mathematics should be taken more seriously. B. The traditional approach needs to be revised. C. A focus on real-world applications is proposed. D. Students should have their personalized methods. 5. Which of the following can be the likely statement in the third paragraph? A. All cats are mammals. B. No hard workers are losers. C. All immigrants are illegal. D. No students like mathematics. 6. How does the author respond to the criticism? A. He compromises by emphasizing his teaching goals. B. He dismisses it as irrelevant to his teaching approach. C. He admits that maths should be non-political and solely focus on numbers. D. He suggests social issue discussion be essential for comprehensive education. 7. What skill does the author hope his students should gain? A. Quick and accurate equation-solving. B. Using math concepts across various fields. C. Crafting logical arguments for their perspectives. D. Working together to build a more inclusive society. Passage 3 （2025年甘肃省兰州市第五十九中学高一期末英语）Minnesota, mid-winter. A snowstorm blows through the city, leaving 500,000 homes without power, drivers stuck on highways and flights put off. Meanwhile, forty feet up an electric pole (电线杆), a technician is trying to get the lights back on, but not knowing where to check the fix or how to call for support from the rescue centre. When disaster hits, frontline workers must mobilize. But, too often, they are going to work armed with last century’s tools. Rescue efforts are running on clipboards (记事板) and piles of paper. And there’s a price: longer power failure, and water supply shut off for longer. This is one of cases calling for Industrial AI. It is AI that is trained to fix specific problems in dangerous situations where, sometimes, life is on the line. And, AI has the power to change how we respond (回应) to disasters. Before a disaster hits, planners, with the help of an Industrial AI, predict where a heavy storm might move next — and maps a live view of what is at risk. Rescue workers are timely sent to the exact sites as the facts change. And, once technicians are on the job, they will know what’s gone wrong on an image or video and they will finish the fix quickly through AI guidance. “If we can cut recovery time by getting rescue workers to the right places with the right tools, before the event even hits, then hospitals stay powered, field teams work safely and families return to warm homes faster,” said Brian Burdette, head of the rescue team. These are AI technologies that are already being tested. But, if we’re to see a real influence, we need to enter into a spirit of openness and cooperation (合作). We need nations and companies to pull together at a system-wide level, not just organization by organization or area by area, catching the chance that industrial AI presents for intelligent responses. For technicians risking their life in a disaster, we owe them that much. 8. What does Paragraph 1 mainly tell us about the disaster? A. Its cause. B. Its type. C. Its influence. D. Its location. 9. What does the underlined “life is on the line” in Paragraph 2 mean? A. Time is running out. B. AI is worth its value. C. People are waiting in line. D. People are risking their lives. 10. What is Brian Burdette’s attitude towards Industrial AI rescue work? A. Supportive B. Doubtful C. Uncertain D. Objective 11. What does the author suggest about the rescue work in the last paragraph? A. Cutting recovery time B. Encouraging cooperation. C. Training skilled technicians. D. Using advanced technology. Passage 4 （2025年甘肃省兰州市第五十九中学高一期末英语）A vast piece of dark rocky glass littering a Chilean desert has remained a mystery for a decade. Some researchers have assumed that the glass resulted from ancient grass fires, as the region wasn’t always desert. And it’ s been suggested that widespread fires may have burnt hot enough to melt the sandy soil into large thick glassy pieces. But the new research conducted by Schultz and colleagues found that simple fires were an impossible formation theory. The glass shows evidence of having been twisted, folded, rolled and even thrown while still in molten(熔化的) form. That’s consistent with a large incoming comet (彗星) and an airburst, which would have been accompanied by tornado-force winds. The analysis of the glass made Schultz and colleagues convinced that the grassfire idea didn’t hold water. Through analyzing dozens of samples taken from the glass across the region, they found minerals in the samples which typically appear in temperature over 3,000 degrees Fahrenheit— far hotter than what could be generated by grass fires. “Those minerals tell us that this object has all the markings of a comet,” said Scott Harris, a planetary geologist and also the co-author of the study. “To have the same minerals we saw in the samples is really powerful evidence that what we’ re seeing is the result of a cometary airburst.” “More work needs to be done to establish the exact age of the glass,” says Scultz. But the tentative dating puts the impact right around the time when large mammals(哺乳动物) disappeared from the region. It’s too soon to say if there was a causal connection or not. Scultz hopes that further research may help to make the answer come to light. “There may be lots of these explosion scars out there, but until now we haven’t had enough evidence to make us believe they were truly related to airburst events,” Scultz said. “I think this site provides a pattern which helps improve our impact models and will help identify similar sites elsewhere and reveal the potential risk posed by such events.” 12. What might the rocky glass be formed from according to previous studies? A. The grass ash. B. The tiny glassy rocks. C. The sand of a Chilean desert. D. The sandy soil of grassy land. 13. How did scientists of the new research figure out the origin of the glass? A. By testing the melting point of the glass. B. By tracking the path of tornado-force winds. C. By analyzing the chemical substance of the glass. D. By reproducing a scene similar to a cometary airburst. 14. What might be the purpose of Scultz’s future research? A. To calculate the size of the glass. B. To confirm the exact time of the impact. C. To identify potentially dangerous comets. D. To explore the evolution of large mammals. 15. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Uncovering the Mystery of Black Glass in a Desert B. Restoring a Vast Glass Piece on a Chilean Desert C. A Piece of Rocky Glass Caused by Grass Fires D. Serious Risks of Comet Explosion Events Passage 5 （2026年河南省驻马店市经济开发区高级中学高三第二学期测试）Being a camp counselor (辅导员) is an exciting and important job! You help campers have a lot of fun, learn new things, and feel safe. To be great at it, you need the right skills and a positive attitude. These five tips will show you how to lead, listen, and create amazing memories for everyone at camp! Be enthusiastic in every activity. ____16____ Show enthusiasm to motivate the group, whether it’s an exciting outdoor activity or a quieter indoor craft session. Even during activities that can seem less exciting, like rainy-day games, your enthusiasm can transform the experience. Listen actively to your campers. Being a good listener is one of the most important features of a great camp counselor. ____17____ When they share their thoughts or feelings, give them your full attention, and respond thoughtfully. This builds trust and shows you care about them. Be open to trying new things. Campers often look up to their counselors as role models. ____18____ Be willing to try new activities, even if they’re outside your usual interests. Whether it’s attempting a climbing wall or joining a dance-off, your willingness inspires your campers to do the same. ____19____ Campers often come up with creative ideas or suggestions for activities. Instead of dismissing these ideas, take them seriously. Even when an idea doesn’t work out perfectly, the camper will feel valued knowing their input matters. Use positive language. The way you communicate with campers matters. Instead of focusing on what they mustn’t do, guide them with positive instructions. For example, instead of saying, “Don’t run,” say, “Please walk.” ____20____ A. Encourage camper ideas. B. Always be patient when resolving conflicts. C. Campers want to feel heard and understood. D. By doing so, your instructions are easier to remember. E. This slight change makes them more likely to cooperate. F. Your energy and excitement set the tone for your campers. G. To encourage them to step out of their comfort zones, you need to do the same. Passage 6 （2026年河南省驻马店市经济开发区高级中学高三第二学期测试）I’m a teacher teaching art at a college. Two years ago, I made a decision to ____21____ an online language program to learn some knowledge of Russian. I would meet my teacher a few times a month to practice ____22____. During our communication, he also ____23____ details of his life with me. Gradually, my familiarity and comfort replaced the ____24____ of the first few lessons. I stopped feeling embarrassed and began to open up about my own background and my ____25____ with Russian. “Don’t worry; I’m here to ____26____ you. You’re hardworking and I’m sure you’ll do well in it,” said my teacher. I had comforted or ____27____ my students with these similar words in my own teaching. But it was strange to hear these words directed at me. The situations ____28____. “You are ____29____ today,” my teacher would say when I used various vocabulary or expressions. When I heard these four words, I got a feeling of ____30____. It also surprised me that my confidence could be encouraged by such ____31____ praise. That was when I realized how ____32____ I had praised my students. I thought too much praise made them too proud. But now, I had a change of heart and ____33____ that these plain words can mean a lot. Words ____34____. And now I become more ____35____ when I use them. 21. A. arrange for B. come to C. take off D. take part in 22. A. listening B. writing C. speaking D. reading 23. A. said B. shared C. recorded D. told 24. A. uneasiness B. confidence C. pleasure D. expectation 25. A. plans B. competence C. goal D. problems 26. A. relieve B. defeat C. teach D. inspire 27. A. praised B. defended C. selected D. amazed 28. A. crashed B. turned C. overdid D. strengthened 29. A. aimless B. nervous C. voluntary D. excellent 30. A. energy B. disappointment C. joy D. depression 31. A. simple B. strange C. formal D. junior 32. A. independently B. little C. necessarily D. much 33. A. reminded B. applied C. suffered D. understood 34. A. matter B. fail C. remain D. improve 35. A. typical B. responsible C. thoughtful D. upset Passage 7 （2025年浙江省培优联盟高三上学期七月仿真英语测评）China launched its complex and ambitious Chang’e-6 mission Friday to collect the first ever samples from the far side of the moon. A 57-meter-tall Long March 5 lifted off from the Wenchang Satellite Launch Center at 5:30 a.m. Eastern (0930 UTC) May 3, carrying the ____36____ (rough)8,200-kilogram Chang’e-6 into orbit. A first second stage burn was completed 12 minutes ____37____ launch, with a trans-lunar injection (跨月轨道) burn set for around 14 minutes later. Spacecraft ____38____ (separate) is scheduled for around 37 minutes into flight. If successful, samples ____39____ (deliver) by the 53-day-long mission could change our understanding of the Earth and the history of the early solar system. Chang’e-6 is a four-module spacecraft. Its orbiter (人造卫星) will put the mission in lunar orbit, after ____40____ a lander will detach to land in the Apollo crater on the moon’s far side. As the far side of the moon is never visible to Earth, due to our planet slowing the moon’s rotation ____41____ leaving it tidally locked — in a way that relates to the the rise and fall of the sea, a relay satellite is needed for communication between Earth and the moon’s hidden side. For this, China ____42____ (launch) Queqiao-2 in March into a specialized lunar orbit. After landing, the spacecraft will use a drill and scoop to gather 2,000 grams of lunar material, reaching down two meters. These samples will ____43____ (load) into an ascent vehicle that will return to lunar orbit and perform ____44____ complex, delicate docking (对接) with the orbiter. From here, the samples are sent to a reentry capsule. The orbiter will prepare for the return to Earth. The reentry capsule will be released just prior ______45______ reaching Earth and will first skip off the planet’s atmosphere. This will help it slow it down before landing in Inner Mongolia. 迁移应用篇 一、根据提示完成句子 1. Many students ____________________（请优秀老师帮自己弥补知识漏洞）to break through learning barriers.（get sb./sth. done） 2. ____________________（既然你已经意识到成长型思维的价值）, you should fill your knowledge gaps rather than rush through new content.（now that） 3. Most students ____________________（认为理所当然天赋决定学业成绩）.（it 作形式宾语） 4. ____________________（那是我第一次意识到）that perseverance matters more than in‑born talent.（It is/was the＋序数词＋ time＋that 从句） 5. ____________________（没有成长型思维）, we ____________________（就无法挖掘自身全部潜能）.（without 含蓄虚拟条件句） 6. Quite a few students struggle with their studies, ____________________（许多同伴不来为他们提供帮助）.（with 复合结构） 二、应用文写作 假定你是李华，学校英文报开辟专栏 “My View on Learning”，向学生征稿。请你投稿，谈谈你对成长型思维的看法，内容包括： 1. 你身边存在的 “天赋决定成绩” 的现象； 2. 你的观点与建议。 注意：1. 词数 80 左右；2. 可适当增加细节，使行文连贯。 My View on Learning ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ $Unit 5 Education 外刊拓展提升（多题型专练） 识·单元要点概览 外刊话题 名人名言 · 科普与社会视角聚焦思维机制、学习规律及中外教育差异，破除天赋固化偏见。 · 教育实践与人物故事围绕科学学习方法展开，以励志叙事传递坚持与主动学习的价值。 · “In a growth mindset, challenges are exciting rather than threatening.” — Carol S. Dweck · “It’s not that I’m so smart. It’s just that I stay with problems longer.” — Albert Einstein 阅读理解 C/D 篇 对比传统教学与掌握式学习，论证成长型思维的重要性 七选五 围绕成长型思维、科学学习方法设题，重点考查段落主旨与过渡衔接。 完形填空 高频词：potential, perseverance, flexible, accumulate, grit。 写作 读后续写：学生受挫后转变心态、查漏补缺、逆袭成长； 投稿写作：摒弃天赋论，倡导主动坚持的科学学习方式。 命题导向 培养批判性思维，破除学习固化认知，强调主动学习与坚持不懈。 Education命题预测 主题词汇 · accumulate knowledge gaps 积累知识漏洞 · hit a wall in study 学习上遭遇瓶颈 · fixed mindset 固化型思维 · growth mindset 成长型思维 · take agency over one’s learning 主动掌控自身学习 · cultivate grit and perseverance 培养毅力与恒心 读·外刊拓展阅读 Mastery Learning Shapes Better Learners （改编自：TED英语）Many students believe they lack natural talent for subjects like math and give up halfway. In fact, their poor academic performance mainly results from flawed traditional learning models, rather than personal inability. Traditional education arranges studies by fixed schedules instead of students’ actual mastery. Students move on to advanced knowledge even if they have hidden knowledge gaps. These unaddressed flaws keep accumulating, until students finally hit a wall and lose confidence. They mistakenly label themselves as “untalented”, forming a fixed mindset that limits their potential. Fortunately, mastery learning offers a practical solution. It advocates a learner-centered mode: the learning time is flexible, but the mastery of basic knowledge is fixed. Students are encouraged to fill in knowledge gaps patiently and grasp fundamental concepts firmly before moving forward. This process cultivates grit and perseverance, helping students build a growth mindset — the belief that abilities can be improved through continuous effort. In the information age, rigid fixed-pace learning can no longer meet social demands. Every student has unlimited potential. Only by abandoning fixed thinking, taking initiative in study, and pursuing true mastery of knowledge can students make steady academic progress and unlock their full potential. 【全文翻译】 掌握式学习，成就更好的自己 许多学生认为自己天生不擅长数学等学科，于是半途放弃。事实上，他们学业不佳的主要原因是传统学习模式存在缺陷，而非自身能力不足。 传统教育按照固定进度安排学习，并不关注学生的实际掌握情况。即便学生存在知识漏洞，课程依然会推进至更高阶的内容。这些未被弥补的短板不断累积，最终让学生遭遇学习瓶颈、丧失信心。他们错误地给自己贴上“没有天赋”的标签，形成固化思维，从而限制了自身潜能的发展。 所幸，掌握式学习为我们提供了切实的解决办法。它倡导以学习者为核心的学习模式：学习时长灵活可变，但吃透基础知识是硬性要求。学生需要耐心弥补知识漏洞，扎实掌握基础概念后，再继续进阶学习。这个过程能培养毅力与恒心，帮助学生树立成长型思维——相信能力可以通过持续努力不断提升。 在信息时代，刻板的固定式学习模式早已无法适配社会发展需求。每个学生都拥有无限潜能。唯有摒弃固化思维、主动投入学习、追求扎实的知识掌握，学生才能稳步提升学业，充分释放自身潜力。 【核心词汇】 1 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 ①complicated adj. 复杂的 ②involuntary adj. 不由自主的 ③gamble n. 赌博；冒险 ④process v. 处理 ⑤limbic system n. 边缘系统 ⑥emotion n. 情绪 ⑦calorie n. 卡路里 ⑧contract v. 收缩 ⑨torso n. 躯干 ⑩comparable adj. 可比较的；类似的 ⑪endorphin n. 内啡肽 ⑫release v. 释放 ⑬boost v. 提升；增强 ⑭immune system n. 免疫系统 ⑮antibody n. 抗体 ⑯depressed adj. 抑郁的 ⑰significance n. 意义；重要性 ⑱contagious adj. 有感染力的 ⑲sitcom n. 情景喜剧 ⑳bond n. 纽带；关系 【长难句分析】 When we laugh, the left side of the brain works out if what we are experiencing is a joke, while the right side determines whether we actually find it funny. 句意：当我们笑的时候，大脑左半球负责判断我们正在经历的是否是一个笑话，而右半球则决定我们是否真的觉得它好笑。 分析：When we laugh 是 when 引导的时间状语从句；主句主语是 the left side of the brain，谓语是 works out，if what we are experiencing is a joke 是 if 引导的宾语从句作 works out 的宾语（其中 what we are experiencing 是主语从句作 is 的主语）；while 引导并列分句，表示对比，the right side 是主语，determines 是谓语，whether we actually find it funny 是 whether 引导的宾语从句。 The relaxed feeling after laughter is comparable to the one felt after a good workout, as endorphins — the chemicals which give you warm feelings — are released into your brain. 句意：大笑后的放松感与锻炼后的感觉相似，因为内啡肽 —— 一种让你感到温暖的化学物质 —— 会被释放到大脑中。 分析：主句主语是 The relaxed feeling，after laughter 是后置定语，is comparable to 是谓语结构，the one 是宾语（one 代指 feeling），felt after a good workout 是过去分词短语作后置定语修饰 the one；as 引导原因状语从句，主语是 endorphins，the chemicals which give you warm feelings 是 endorphins 的同位语（其中 which give you warm feelings 是定语从句修饰 the chemicals），are released 是谓语，into your brain 是介词短语作状语。 练·能力培优拔高 培优提升篇 Passage 1 What is microcredential? （河南新乡市部分学校高二期末英语测评）UNESCO, the world’s education agency, defines microcredential as professional certification that centres on a set of learning outcomes in a narrow field. It is completed over a shorter time than a traditional university programme, from a week to a month. The most popular fields in which microcredentials appear are data analytics, information technology support and cybersecurity. Some colleges include one or more courses leading to microcredentials as part of their usual programmes. At Hawaii Pacific University, school leaders say including professional certifications in its business programme has sharply increased the number of interested students. How to find the right microcredential? For students, Credential Finder offers a way to search for the right microcredential offerings by field of study or industry. For example, if you are studying information science, you may take Google Data Analytics or an IBM Data Analyst course. Your university programme’s advisors should be helpful in identifying the best certificate programmes for your area of study. Be sure to check with your country’s government for more information on special training programmes. How much do microcredentials cost? Many of the course providers permit learners to use the materials for free, but to earn a certification, payment is required. Coursera has a monthly fee of $59 or a yearly fee of $399 for its Coursera Plus membership. For courses that universities offer for credit, the payment will depend on the price set by the school. The languages available in Coursera are English, German, Spanish, French, Russian and Portuguese (Brazilian). Other available languages include Japanese, Korean, Chinese (traditional and simplified) and Arabic. The online education service also provides automatic translation of course materials in Swedish, Greek, Polish, Bahasa Indonesian, Italian, Turkish, Thai and Kazakh. 1. What is known about “microcredential”? A. It can be obtained for free. B. It already covers all fields. C. Getting it is time-saving. D. It is required nationwide. 2. Who might the text be provided for? A. American high school students. B. Beginners who enjoy language learning. C. College graduates facing job applications. D. College students. 3. How does a Chinese who can speak English choose language in Coursera? A. He can only choose English. B. He can only choose simplified characters. C. He can seek help from automatic translation. D. He can freely choose either English or Chinese. 【答案】1. C 2. D 3. D 【解析】 【导语】文章主要介绍了微证书的定义、热门领域、获取途径、相关费用及语言情况。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据What is microcredential?标题下第一段“It is completed over a shorter time than a traditional university programme, from a week to a month.(它的完成时间短于传统大学课程，仅需一周到一个月)”可知，获得微证书比较省时。 【2题详解】 推理判断题。根据How to find the right microcredential?标题下第一段“For students, Credential Finder offers a way to search for the right microcredential offerings by field of study or industry.(对于学生而言，Credential Finder提供了一种按学习领域或行业搜索合适微证书课程的途径)”以及第二段中“Your university programme’s advisors should be helpful in identifying the best certificate programmes for your area of study.(你所在大学项目的顾问应能帮助你找到最适合你研究领域的相关证书项目)”可知，本文的目标读者是在校大学生。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据How much do microcredentials cost?标题下第三段中“The languages available in Coursera are English, German, Spanish, French, Russian and Portuguese (Brazilian). Other available languages include Japanese, Korean, Chinese (traditional and simplified) and Arabic.(Coursera提供的可用语言包括英语、德语、西班牙语、法语、俄语和葡萄牙语（巴西）。其他可用语言还包括日语、韩语、中文（繁体和简体）及阿拉伯语)”可知，既会说英语又会说中文的学习者可以在Coursera上自由选择英语或中文界面。 Passage 2 （2025年浙江省培优联盟高三上学期七月仿真英语测评）Mathematics has an image problem: too many people stumble over it and conclude that the subject is just not for them. But the core problems I suppose is how maths is presented as cold and dry. I have a different approach which is to relate abstract maths to questions of politics and social justice. I have taught fairly maths-phobic art students in this way and have seen their attitudes transformed. They now embrace maths and even believe it can genuinely assist them. At a basic level, maths is founded on logic, so when I am teaching logic, I use examples from contemporary events rather than the old-fashioned type of problem. Instead of studying the logic of a statement like “all dogs have four legs”, I might discuss the statement like “___________”. However, rather than sticking to this type of dry mathematical example, I introduce issues like privilege and wealth — If someone has a higher status, are they automatically wealthier? We can also ask about working hours and income: if someone works more hours, do they necessarily earn more? The answer is clearly not. My approach is controversial because, traditionally, maths is supposed to be neutral. I have been criticized by people claiming my approach will be annoying to those who don’t care about social justice. However, the dry approach is also off-putting to those who do care. Sometimes, such society-oriented questions may benefit the well-rounded development of the students. In fact, I believe that all academic disciplines should address our most important issues. I don’t demand that students agree with me about politics, but I do ask that they construct thorough arguments to back up their thoughts and develop the crucial ability to analyze the logic of people they disagree with. Maths isn’t just about numbers and equations (方程式); it is about studying different logical systems. We can apply it to balls rolling down different hills, but we can also apply it to pressing social issues. I think we should do both, for the sake of society and to be more inclusive towards different types of students in maths education. 4. What is the author’s main argument on the teaching of mathematics? A. Mathematics should be taken more seriously. B. The traditional approach needs to be revised. C. A focus on real-world applications is proposed. D. Students should have their personalized methods. 5. Which of the following can be the likely statement in the third paragraph? A. All cats are mammals. B. No hard workers are losers. C. All immigrants are illegal. D. No students like mathematics. 6. How does the author respond to the criticism? A. He compromises by emphasizing his teaching goals. B. He dismisses it as irrelevant to his teaching approach. C. He admits that maths should be non-political and solely focus on numbers. D. He suggests social issue discussion be essential for comprehensive education. 7. What skill does the author hope his students should gain? A. Quick and accurate equation-solving. B. Using math concepts across various fields. C. Crafting logical arguments for their perspectives. D. Working together to build a more inclusive society. 【答案】4. B 5. C 6. D 7. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文，主要讲述了作者对于数学教学的新颖观点，即将数学与现实生活中的政治和社会公正问题相结合，以此来吸引学生的兴趣并提高他们的逻辑分析能力。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“I have a different approach which is to relate abstract maths to questions of politics and social justice.”（我有一种不同的方法，即将抽象的数学与政治和社会公正问题相结合。）可知，作者主张需要改变传统的数学教学方法。故选B。 【5题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“At a basic level, maths is founded on logic, so when I am teaching logic, I use examples from contemporary events rather than the old-fashioned type of problem. Instead of studying the logic of a statement like “all dogs have four legs”, I might discuss the statement like”（在基本层面上，数学是建立在逻辑的基础上的，所以当我教逻辑时，我用当代事件的例子，而不是老式的问题。）可知，作者会用当代事件的例子，而不是老式的问题；结合下文“I introduce issues like privilege and wealth — If someone has a higher status, are they automatically wealthier? We can also ask about working hours and income: if someone works more hours, do they necessarily earn more? ”（我介绍了特权和财富之类的问题——如果一个人的地位更高，他们就会自然而然地更富有吗？我们还可以问关于工作时间和收入的问题：如果某人工作时间更长，他们是否就一定赚得更多？）可知，作者会介绍一些社会性问题；由此可知，C选项“所有移民都是非法的”符合语境。故选C。 【6题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第四段“I have been criticized by people claiming my approach will be annoying to those who don’t care about social justice. However, the dry approach is also off-putting to those who do care. Sometimes, such society-oriented questions may benefit the well-rounded development of the students.”（有人批评我，认为我的方法会让那些不关心社会公正的人感到烦恼。然而，枯燥的方法也会让那些关心社会公正的人感到反感。有时，这样的社会性问题可能有利于学生的全面发展。）可推知，作者认为讨论社会问题对于全面教育是必要的。故选D。 【7题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第五段“I don’t demand that students agree with me about politics, but I do ask that they construct thorough arguments to back up their thoughts and develop the crucial ability to analyze the logic of people they disagree with.”（我不要求学生在政治上同意我，但我要求他们构建完整的论据来支持他们的思想，并发展分析他们不同意的人的逻辑的关键能力。）可推知，作者希望他的学生能够形成自己的观点，并能够用逻辑来支持自己的观点。故选C。 Passage 3 （2025年甘肃省兰州市第五十九中学高一期末英语）Minnesota, mid-winter. A snowstorm blows through the city, leaving 500,000 homes without power, drivers stuck on highways and flights put off. Meanwhile, forty feet up an electric pole (电线杆), a technician is trying to get the lights back on, but not knowing where to check the fix or how to call for support from the rescue centre. When disaster hits, frontline workers must mobilize. But, too often, they are going to work armed with last century’s tools. Rescue efforts are running on clipboards (记事板) and piles of paper. And there’s a price: longer power failure, and water supply shut off for longer. This is one of cases calling for Industrial AI. It is AI that is trained to fix specific problems in dangerous situations where, sometimes, life is on the line. And, AI has the power to change how we respond (回应) to disasters. Before a disaster hits, planners, with the help of an Industrial AI, predict where a heavy storm might move next — and maps a live view of what is at risk. Rescue workers are timely sent to the exact sites as the facts change. And, once technicians are on the job, they will know what’s gone wrong on an image or video and they will finish the fix quickly through AI guidance. “If we can cut recovery time by getting rescue workers to the right places with the right tools, before the event even hits, then hospitals stay powered, field teams work safely and families return to warm homes faster,” said Brian Burdette, head of the rescue team. These are AI technologies that are already being tested. But, if we’re to see a real influence, we need to enter into a spirit of openness and cooperation (合作). We need nations and companies to pull together at a system-wide level, not just organization by organization or area by area, catching the chance that industrial AI presents for intelligent responses. For technicians risking their life in a disaster, we owe them that much. 8. What does Paragraph 1 mainly tell us about the disaster? A. Its cause. B. Its type. C. Its influence. D. Its location. 9. What does the underlined “life is on the line” in Paragraph 2 mean? A. Time is running out. B. AI is worth its value. C. People are waiting in line. D. People are risking their lives. 10. What is Brian Burdette’s attitude towards Industrial AI rescue work? A. Supportive B. Doubtful C. Uncertain D. Objective 11. What does the author suggest about the rescue work in the last paragraph? A. Cutting recovery time B. Encouraging cooperation. C. Training skilled technicians. D. Using advanced technology. 【答案】8. C 9. D 10. A 11. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了明尼苏达暴风雪暴露出传统救灾工具的低效问题。工业 AI 可预测灾害、指导救援、缩短恢复时间。作者呼吁各方合作，用 AI 提升救灾效率。 【8题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Minnesota, mid-winter. A snowstorm blows through the city, leaving 500,000 homes without power, drivers stuck on highways and flights put off. Meanwhile, forty feet up an electric pole (电线杆), a technician is trying to get the lights back on, but not knowing where to check the fix or how to call for support from the rescue centre.(明尼苏达州，隆冬时节。一场暴风雪席卷了这座城市，致使50万户家庭断电，司机被困在高速公路上，航班也被迫延误。与此同时，在一根40英尺高的电线杆上，一名技术人员正试图恢复供电，但他不知道该从何处查找解决办法，也不知道如何向救援中心请求支援)”可知，第一段主要向我们讲述了这场灾难的规模。故选C。 【9题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“When disaster hits, frontline workers must mobilize. But, too often, they are going to work armed with last century’s tools. Rescue efforts are running on clipboards (记事板) and piles of paper.(当灾难来袭时，一线救援人员必须迅速行动。但他们往往还在使用上个世纪的工具开展工作。救援工作仍依赖记事板和成堆的纸质文件)”可知，救援人员的设备陈旧，所以人们在冒着生命危险工作。故划线词意思是“生命处于危险中”。故选D。 【10题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段““If we can cut recovery time by getting rescue workers to the right places with the right tools, before the event even hits, then hospitals stay powered, field teams work safely and families return to warm homes faster,” said Brian Burdette, head of the rescue team.( 救援队负责人布莱恩·伯德特说：“如果我们能在事件发生之前，就让救援人员携带合适的工具抵达现场，从而缩短救援时间，那么医院就能保持正常运转，救援队伍就能安全作业，受灾家庭也能更快地回到温暖的家中。”)”可知，布莱恩·伯德特对工业人工智能救援工作持支持态度。故选A。 【11题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“We need nations and companies to pull together at a system-wide level, not just organization by organization or area by area, catching the chance that industrial AI presents for intelligent responses.(我们需要各个国家和企业从整个系统层面携手合作，而不能只是按组织单位或地区分别行动，要抓住工业人工智能所带来的做出智能反应的机遇)”可知，作者建议救援工作鼓励合作。故选B。 Passage 4 （2025年甘肃省兰州市第五十九中学高一期末英语）A vast piece of dark rocky glass littering a Chilean desert has remained a mystery for a decade. Some researchers have assumed that the glass resulted from ancient grass fires, as the region wasn’t always desert. And it’ s been suggested that widespread fires may have burnt hot enough to melt the sandy soil into large thick glassy pieces. But the new research conducted by Schultz and colleagues found that simple fires were an impossible formation theory. The glass shows evidence of having been twisted, folded, rolled and even thrown while still in molten(熔化的) form. That’s consistent with a large incoming comet (彗星) and an airburst, which would have been accompanied by tornado-force winds. The analysis of the glass made Schultz and colleagues convinced that the grassfire idea didn’t hold water. Through analyzing dozens of samples taken from the glass across the region, they found minerals in the samples which typically appear in temperature over 3,000 degrees Fahrenheit— far hotter than what could be generated by grass fires. “Those minerals tell us that this object has all the markings of a comet,” said Scott Harris, a planetary geologist and also the co-author of the study. “To have the same minerals we saw in the samples is really powerful evidence that what we’ re seeing is the result of a cometary airburst.” “More work needs to be done to establish the exact age of the glass,” says Scultz. But the tentative dating puts the impact right around the time when large mammals(哺乳动物) disappeared from the region. It’s too soon to say if there was a causal connection or not. Scultz hopes that further research may help to make the answer come to light. “There may be lots of these explosion scars out there, but until now we haven’t had enough evidence to make us believe they were truly related to airburst events,” Scultz said. “I think this site provides a pattern which helps improve our impact models and will help identify similar sites elsewhere and reveal the potential risk posed by such events.” 12. What might the rocky glass be formed from according to previous studies? A. The grass ash. B. The tiny glassy rocks. C. The sand of a Chilean desert. D. The sandy soil of grassy land. 13. How did scientists of the new research figure out the origin of the glass? A. By testing the melting point of the glass. B. By tracking the path of tornado-force winds. C. By analyzing the chemical substance of the glass. D. By reproducing a scene similar to a cometary airburst. 14. What might be the purpose of Scultz’s future research? A. To calculate the size of the glass. B. To confirm the exact time of the impact. C. To identify potentially dangerous comets. D. To explore the evolution of large mammals. 15. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Uncovering the Mystery of Black Glass in a Desert B. Restoring a Vast Glass Piece on a Chilean Desert C. A Piece of Rocky Glass Caused by Grass Fires D. Serious Risks of Comet Explosion Events 【答案】12. D 13. C 14. B 15. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了科学家们对智利沙漠中大片黑色玻璃成因的研究。早期研究认为这些玻璃可能由古代草原火灾形成，但最新的研究通过分析玻璃中的矿物质成分，发现其形成温度远高于普通火灾所能达到的温度，从而推测这些玻璃是由彗星爆炸产生的。文章还提到，未来的研究将进一步确定这些玻璃的年代，并探讨彗星爆炸事件对地球环境的影响。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Some researchers have assumed that the glass resulted from ancient grass fires, as the region wasn’t always desert. And it’s been suggested that widespread fires may have burnt hot enough to melt the sandy soil into large thick glassy pieces.(一些研究人员认为，这些玻璃是由古代草原火灾形成的，因为该地区并不总是沙漠。有人认为，广泛的火灾可能燃烧得足够热，将沙质土壤熔化成大块厚实的玻璃状物质)”可知，早期研究认为这些玻璃可能由草原火灾形成的沙质土壤。故选D项。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Through analyzing dozens of samples taken from the glass across the region, they found minerals in the samples which typically appear in temperature over 3,000 degrees Fahrenheit—far hotter than what could be generated by grass fires.(通过对该地区采集的数十个玻璃样本进行分析，他们发现样本中含有通常在超过3000华氏度的高温下出现的矿物——远高于草原火灾所能产生的温度)”可知，科学家们通过分析玻璃中的化学物质来确定其起源。故选C项。 【14题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第四段““More work needs to be done to establish the exact age of the glass,” says Scultz(“还需要做更多工作来确定这块玻璃的确切年代，”舒尔茨说)”可知，Scultz未来的研究目的是确认这些玻璃的确切年代。故选B项。 【15题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Some researchers have assumed that the glass resulted from ancient grass fires, as the region wasn’t always desert. And it’s been suggested that widespread fires may have burnt hot enough to melt the sandy soil into large thick glassy pieces.(一些研究人员认为，这些玻璃是由古代草原火灾形成的，因为该地区并不总是沙漠。有人认为，广泛的火灾可能燃烧得足够热，将沙质土壤熔化成大块厚实的玻璃状物质)”、第二段“Through analyzing dozens of samples taken from the glass across the region, they found minerals in the samples which typically appear in temperature over 3,000 degrees Fahrenheit—far hotter than what could be generated by grass fires.(通过对该地区采集的数十个玻璃样本进行分析，他们发现样本中含有通常在超过3000华氏度的高温下出现的矿物——远高于草原火灾所能产生的温度)”、第四段““More work needs to be done to establish the exact age of the glass,” says Scultz(“还需要做更多工作来确定这块玻璃的确切年代，”舒尔茨说)”以及最后一段““There may be lots of these explosion scars out there, but until now we haven’t had enough evidence to make us believe they were truly related to airburst events,” Scultz said. “I think this site provides a pattern which helps improve our impact models and will help identify similar sites elsewhere and reveal the potential risk posed by such events.”(“那里可能有很多这样的爆炸痕迹，但直到现在，我们还没有足够证据让我们相信它们确实与空中爆炸事件有关，”舒尔茨说。“我认为这个地点提供了一个模式，有助于改进我们的冲击模型，并将帮助识别其他地方的类似地点，揭示此类事件可能造成的潜在风险。”)”可知，本文主要介绍了科学家们对智利沙漠中大片黑色玻璃成因的研究，揭示了这些玻璃可能由彗星爆炸形成，并探讨了未来的研究方向。因此，选项A“Uncovering the Mystery of Black Glass in a Desert(揭开沙漠中黑色玻璃的神秘面纱)”最适合作为本文的标题。故选A项。 Passage 5 （2026年河南省驻马店市经济开发区高级中学高三第二学期测试）Being a camp counselor (辅导员) is an exciting and important job! You help campers have a lot of fun, learn new things, and feel safe. To be great at it, you need the right skills and a positive attitude. These five tips will show you how to lead, listen, and create amazing memories for everyone at camp! Be enthusiastic in every activity. ____16____ Show enthusiasm to motivate the group, whether it’s an exciting outdoor activity or a quieter indoor craft session. Even during activities that can seem less exciting, like rainy-day games, your enthusiasm can transform the experience. Listen actively to your campers. Being a good listener is one of the most important features of a great camp counselor. ____17____ When they share their thoughts or feelings, give them your full attention, and respond thoughtfully. This builds trust and shows you care about them. Be open to trying new things. Campers often look up to their counselors as role models. ____18____ Be willing to try new activities, even if they’re outside your usual interests. Whether it’s attempting a climbing wall or joining a dance-off, your willingness inspires your campers to do the same. ____19____ Campers often come up with creative ideas or suggestions for activities. Instead of dismissing these ideas, take them seriously. Even when an idea doesn’t work out perfectly, the camper will feel valued knowing their input matters. Use positive language. The way you communicate with campers matters. Instead of focusing on what they mustn’t do, guide them with positive instructions. For example, instead of saying, “Don’t run,” say, “Please walk.” ____20____ A. Encourage camper ideas. B. Always be patient when resolving conflicts. C. Campers want to feel heard and understood. D. By doing so, your instructions are easier to remember. E. This slight change makes them more likely to cooperate. F. Your energy and excitement set the tone for your campers. G. To encourage them to step out of their comfort zones, you need to do the same. 【答案】16. F 17. C 18. G 19. A 20. E 【解析】 【导语】文章主要针对营地辅导员工作给出五条建议，包括在各项活动中保持热情、积极倾听营员、乐于尝试新事物、鼓励营员提出想法以及使用积极语言，以帮助辅导员更好地开展工作，为营员创造美好回忆。 【16题详解】 上文“Be enthusiastic in every activity.(在每项活动中都要充满热情)”强调了热情的重要性，F选项“Your energy and excitement set the tone for your campers.(你的活力和兴奋为营员们定下基调)”进一步阐述热情带来的影响，energy and excitement与上文enthusiastic相呼应。 【17题详解】 上文“Listen actively to your campers. Being a good listener is one of the most important features of a great camp counselor.(积极倾听你的营员。成为一个好的倾听者是优秀营地辅导员最重要的特质之一)”表明倾听的重要性，C选项“Campers want to feel heard and understood.(营员们希望被倾听和理解)”解释了积极倾听的原因，与上文话题紧密相关。 【18题详解】 上文“Campers often look up to their counselors as role models.(营员们经常把他们的辅导员视为榜样)”说明辅导员是营员的榜样，G选项“To encourage them to step out of their comfort zones, you need to do the same.(为了鼓励他们走出舒适区，你也需要这样做)”承接上文，指出辅导员应以身作则走出舒适区，以鼓励营员，you need to do the same与上文 role models呼应。 【19题详解】 设空处为段落小标题，需概括本段内容。下文“Campers often come up with creative ideas or suggestions for activities. Instead of dismissing these ideas, take them seriously. Even when an idea doesn’t work out perfectly, the camper will feel valued knowing their input matters.(营员们经常会为活动想出有创意的想法或建议。不要忽视这些想法，要认真对待。即使一个想法不能完美奏效，营员知道他们的意见有价值也会感到被重视)”主要讲述要重视营员的想法，A选项“Encourage camper ideas.(鼓励营员的想法)”概括了本段主旨，作为小标题合适。 【20题详解】 上文“Use positive language. The way you communicate with campers matters. Instead of focusing on what they mustn’t do, guide them with positive instructions. For example, instead of saying, “Don’t run,” say, “Please walk.”(使用积极的语言。你与营员交流的方式很重要。不要专注于他们不能做什么，而是用积极的指令引导他们。例如，不要说“不要跑”，而是说“请走”)”阐述使用积极语言的沟通方式，E选项“This slight change makes them more likely to cooperate.(这种细微的改变使他们更有可能合作)”说明这种积极语言沟通带来的结果，与上文衔接紧密。 Passage 6 （2026年河南省驻马店市经济开发区高级中学高三第二学期测试）I’m a teacher teaching art at a college. Two years ago, I made a decision to ____21____ an online language program to learn some knowledge of Russian. I would meet my teacher a few times a month to practice ____22____. During our communication, he also ____23____ details of his life with me. Gradually, my familiarity and comfort replaced the ____24____ of the first few lessons. I stopped feeling embarrassed and began to open up about my own background and my ____25____ with Russian. “Don’t worry; I’m here to ____26____ you. You’re hardworking and I’m sure you’ll do well in it,” said my teacher. I had comforted or ____27____ my students with these similar words in my own teaching. But it was strange to hear these words directed at me. The situations ____28____. “You are ____29____ today,” my teacher would say when I used various vocabulary or expressions. When I heard these four words, I got a feeling of ____30____. It also surprised me that my confidence could be encouraged by such ____31____ praise. That was when I realized how ____32____ I had praised my students. I thought too much praise made them too proud. But now, I had a change of heart and ____33____ that these plain words can mean a lot. Words ____34____. And now I become more ____35____ when I use them. 21. A. arrange for B. come to C. take off D. take part in 22. A. listening B. writing C. speaking D. reading 23. A. said B. shared C. recorded D. told 24. A. uneasiness B. confidence C. pleasure D. expectation 25. A. plans B. competence C. goal D. problems 26. A. relieve B. defeat C. teach D. inspire 27. A. praised B. defended C. selected D. amazed 28. A. crashed B. turned C. overdid D. strengthened 29. A. aimless B. nervous C. voluntary D. excellent 30. A. energy B. disappointment C. joy D. depression 31. A. simple B. strange C. formal D. junior 32. A. independently B. little C. necessarily D. much 33. A. reminded B. applied C. suffered D. understood 34. A. matter B. fail C. remain D. improve 35. A. typical B. responsible C. thoughtful D. upset 【答案】21. D 22. C 23. B 24. A 25. D 26. C 27. A 28. B 29. D 30. C 31. A 32. B 33. D 34. A 35. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者选修了一门俄语在线课程。老师的表扬让作者意识到自己以前很少表扬学生，所以她现在用词更深思熟虑了。 【21题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：两年前，我决定参加一个在线语言课程，学习一些俄语知识。A. arrange for安排；B. come to达到，涉及；C. take off起飞，脱下；D. take part in参加。 根据后文“learn some knowledge of Russian”可知，作者决定参加一个在线语言课程，学习一些俄语知识。故选D项。 【22题详解】 考查动名词词义辨析。句意：我每个月都会和老师见面几次练习口语。A. listening 听；B. writing写作；C. speaking说，讲；D. reading读。根据前文“I would meet my teacher a few times a month”提到“每月和老师见面”，结合语言学习场景，见面练习的核心是“口语”。故选C项。 【23题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我们的交流中，他也和我分享了他生活中的细节。A. said说；B. shared分享；C. recorded记录；D. told告诉。根据句意以及前文“During our communication”可知，他也和作者分享了他生活中的细节。故选B项。 【24题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：渐渐地，我的熟悉和舒适取代了前几节课的不安。A. uneasiness不安；B. confidence自信；C. pleasure愉悦；D. expectation期待。根据前文“my familiarity and comfort replaced”可知，对比“最初几节课”的感受，应是“不安”。故选A项。 【25题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我不再感到尴尬，开始畅谈自己的背景和俄语方面的问题。A. plans计划；B. competence能力；C. goal目标；D. problems问题。根据前文“I stopped feeling embarrassed and began to open up about my own background”提到“不再尴尬，开始坦诚自身背景”，结合语言学习，坦诚的应是“学习俄语时遇到的问题”。故选D项。 【26题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：别担心；我是来教你的。A. relieve缓解；B. defeat打败；C. teach教；D. inspire鼓励。根据后文“You’re hardworking and I’m sure you’ll do well in it,” said my teacher.”可知，此处指的是老师来教作者。故选C项。 【27题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我自己的教学中，我也用类似的话来安慰或表扬我的学生。A. praised表扬；B. defended辩护；C. selected选择；D. amazed使惊讶。根据前文“I had comforted”提到“我曾用类似的话安慰或…… 我的学生”，“or”连接并列动作，与“comforted（安慰）”语义相近的是“praised（表扬）”，符合教师对学生的常见积极行为。故选A项。 【28题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：情况发生了变化。A. crashed崩溃；B. turned转变；C. overdid过度；D. strengthened加强。根据上文“But it was strange to hear these words directed at me.”提到作者对于听到这些话感到很奇怪，可知，情况发生了变化。故选B项。 【29题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我使用各种词汇或表达时，老师会说：“你今天真棒。”A. aimless无目标的；B. nervous紧张的；C. voluntary自愿的；D. excellent出色的。根据后文“when I used various vocabulary or expressions”提到“当我使用多样的词汇或表达时”，可知，老师应给予正面评价，“excellent（出色的）”符合 “肯定学生进步”的场景。故选D项。 【30题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我听到这四个字时，我有一种喜悦的感觉。A. energy能量；B. disappointment失望；C. joy快乐；D. depression沮丧。根据上文“When I heard these four words”可知，听到老师的表扬“你今天很出色”，作者应产生“愉悦”的感受。故选C项。 【31题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同样令我惊讶的是，如此简单的赞美竟能鼓舞我的信心。A. simple简单的；B. strange奇怪的；C. formal正式的；D. junior初级的。根据前文““You are excellent today,” my teacher would say”老师的表扬是“你今天很出色”可知，此处指的是这类简短话语，“simple praise”（简单的表扬）符合“话语朴实” 的描述，与后文“these plain words”（这些朴实的话）呼应。故选A项。 【32题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：这时我才意识到，我很少表扬我的学生。A. independently独立地；B. little很少；C. necessarily必要地；D. much多。根据后文“I thought too much praise made them too proud.”提到“我认为过多表扬会让学生骄傲”，可知作者我之前很少表扬学生。故选B项。 【33题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但现在，我改变了主意，明白了这些平淡的话语可以意味着很多。A. reminded提醒；B. applied应用；C. suffered遭受；D. understood理解。根据前文“I had a change of heart”提到“现在我改变了想法”，可知 作者理解了这些朴实的话意义重大。故选D项。 【34题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：语言很重要。A. matter重要；B. fail失败；C. remain保持；D. improve改善。根据前文“understood that these plain words can mean a lot”可知，此处指的是“Words matter”（话语很重要）是常用搭配，总结前文“简单表扬对人影响重大”的核心，符合“强调话语价值”的语境。故选A项。 【35题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：现在，当我使用它们时，我变得更加深思熟虑。A. typical典型的；B. responsible负责的；C. thoughtful深思熟虑的；D. upset沮丧的。根据前文“Words matter.”认识到 “话语重要”，可知作者现在使用话语时更深思熟虑。故选C项。 Passage 7 （2025年浙江省培优联盟高三上学期七月仿真英语测评）China launched its complex and ambitious Chang’e-6 mission Friday to collect the first ever samples from the far side of the moon. A 57-meter-tall Long March 5 lifted off from the Wenchang Satellite Launch Center at 5:30 a.m. Eastern (0930 UTC) May 3, carrying the ____36____ (rough)8,200-kilogram Chang’e-6 into orbit. A first second stage burn was completed 12 minutes ____37____ launch, with a trans-lunar injection (跨月轨道) burn set for around 14 minutes later. Spacecraft ____38____ (separate) is scheduled for around 37 minutes into flight. If successful, samples ____39____ (deliver) by the 53-day-long mission could change our understanding of the Earth and the history of the early solar system. Chang’e-6 is a four-module spacecraft. Its orbiter (人造卫星) will put the mission in lunar orbit, after ____40____ a lander will detach to land in the Apollo crater on the moon’s far side. As the far side of the moon is never visible to Earth, due to our planet slowing the moon’s rotation ____41____ leaving it tidally locked — in a way that relates to the the rise and fall of the sea, a relay satellite is needed for communication between Earth and the moon’s hidden side. For this, China ____42____ (launch) Queqiao-2 in March into a specialized lunar orbit. After landing, the spacecraft will use a drill and scoop to gather 2,000 grams of lunar material, reaching down two meters. These samples will ____43____ (load) into an ascent vehicle that will return to lunar orbit and perform ____44____ complex, delicate docking (对接) with the orbiter. From here, the samples are sent to a reentry capsule. The orbiter will prepare for the return to Earth. The reentry capsule will be released just prior ______45______ reaching Earth and will first skip off the planet’s atmosphere. This will help it slow it down before landing in Inner Mongolia. 【答案】36. roughly 37. after 38. separation 39. delivered&to be delivered 40. which 41. and 42. launched 43. be loaded 44. a 45. to 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲述了中国成功发射嫦娥六号月球探测器，执行首次从月球背面采集样本的复杂而雄心勃勃的任务，并详细描述了发射过程、任务目标、飞船构造以及返回地球的计划。 【36题详解】 考查副词。句意：东部时间5月3日上午5点30分（世界标准时间9点30分），一枚57米高的长征五号火箭在文昌航天发射中心发射升空，将重约8200公斤的嫦娥六号送入轨道。空格处用副词作状语，rough的副词是roughly，意为“大约”。故填roughly。 【37题详解】 考查介词。句意：二级火箭的首次点火燃烧在发射后12分钟完成，跨月注入燃烧在发射后约14分钟完成。根据语境可知，句子表示“二级火箭的首次点火燃烧在发射后12分钟完成”，空格处意为“在……之后”，用介词after。故填after。 【38题详解】 考查名词。句意：飞船分离计划在飞行后37分钟左右进行。空格处用名词作主语，separate的名词是separation，意为“分离”，是不可数名词，故填separation。 【39题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：如果成功的话，这次53天的任务所带来的样本可能会改变我们对地球和早期太阳系历史的认识。句中谓语是could change，空格处用非谓语动词，samples和deliver之间是逻辑上的被动关系，既可以用过去分词表被动，也可以用不定式的被动形式表将来的动作，因此空格处用delivered/to be delivered作后置定语，故填delivered/to be delivered。 【40题详解】 考查非限制性定语从句。句意：它的轨道飞行器将把任务送入月球轨道，之后一个着陆器将分离，降落在月球背面的阿波罗陨石坑。空格处是“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，设空处指代主句阐述的内容，作after宾语，用关系代词。故填which。 【41题详解】 考查连词。句意：由于地球减缓了月球的自转速度，使月球处于潮汐锁定状态（这与海平面的涨落有关），地球永远看不到月球的背面，因此需要一颗中继卫星来实现地球和月球背面之间的通信。slowing the moon’s rotation和leaving之间是并列关系，句子是肯定句，因此空格处用and表并列，故填and。 【42题详解】 考查时态。句意：为此，中国于今年3月将鹊桥2号发射到一个专门的月球轨道上。句子描述过去的事情，时态用一般过去时，空格处用过去式，故填launched。 【43题详解】 考查被动语态。句意：这些样本将被装载到一个上升飞行器中，该飞行器将返回月球轨道，并与轨道飞行器进行复杂而精细的对接。These samples与动词laod之间为被动关系，结合空前will可知，句子用一般将来时的被动语态，空前有will，空格处用be done，故填be loaded。 【44题详解】 考查冠词。句意：这些样本将被装载到一个上升飞行器中，该飞行器将返回月球轨道，并与轨道飞行器进行复杂而精细的对接。docking是可数名词的单数形式，表泛指，前面要加不定冠词，complex是辅音音素开头，因此不定冠词用a，故填a。 【45题详解】 考查介词。句意：返回舱将在抵达地球之前释放，并将首先反弹入地球大气层。prior to是固定短语，意为“在……之前”，因此空格处是to，故填to。 迁移应用篇 一、根据提示完成句子 1. Many students ____________________（请优秀老师帮自己弥补知识漏洞）to break through learning barriers.（get sb./sth. done） 2. ____________________（既然你已经意识到成长型思维的价值）, you should fill your knowledge gaps rather than rush through new content.（now that） 3. Most students ____________________（认为理所当然天赋决定学业成绩）.（it 作形式宾语） 4. ____________________（那是我第一次意识到）that perseverance matters more than in‑born talent.（It is/was the＋序数词＋ time＋that 从句） 5. ____________________（没有成长型思维）, we ____________________（就无法挖掘自身全部潜能）.（without 含蓄虚拟条件句） 6. Quite a few students struggle with their studies, ____________________（许多同伴不来为他们提供帮助）.（with 复合结构） 【答案】1. get their knowledge gaps filled by excellent teachers 2. Now that you have realized the value of a growth mindset 3. take it for granted that natural gift determines academic performance 4. It was the first time that I had realized 5. Without a growth mindset; would never tap into our full potential 6. with none of their classmates coming to their defence 二、应用文写作 假定你是李华，学校英文报开辟专栏 “My View on Learning”，向学生征稿。请你投稿，谈谈你对成长型思维的看法，内容包括： 1. 你身边存在的 “天赋决定成绩” 的现象； 2. 你的观点与建议。 注意：1. 词数 80 左右；2. 可适当增加细节，使行文连贯。 My View on Learning ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【参考范文】 My View on Learning Nowadays, quite a few students attribute their poor academic performance to a lack of natural gift. Faced with learning obstacles, they tend to fall victim to fixed‑mindset beliefs, convinced that further progress is beyond their reach. As far as I am concerned, potential lies largely in consistent efforts rather than inborn talent. Instead of racing through new lessons, we ought to take pains to bridge knowledge gaps and attach great importance to perseverance. Only by adopting a growth mindset can we tap into our full potential. $ Unit 5 Education 外刊拓展答案 Passage 1 【答案】1. C 2. D 3. D 【解析】 【导语】文章主要介绍了微证书的定义、热门领域、获取途径、相关费用及语言情况。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据What is microcredential?标题下第一段“It is completed over a shorter time than a traditional university programme, from a week to a month.(它的完成时间短于传统大学课程，仅需一周到一个月)”可知，获得微证书比较省时。 【2题详解】 推理判断题。根据How to find the right microcredential?标题下第一段“For students, Credential Finder offers a way to search for the right microcredential offerings by field of study or industry.(对于学生而言，Credential Finder提供了一种按学习领域或行业搜索合适微证书课程的途径)”以及第二段中“Your university programme’s advisors should be helpful in identifying the best certificate programmes for your area of study.(你所在大学项目的顾问应能帮助你找到最适合你研究领域的相关证书项目)”可知，本文的目标读者是在校大学生。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据How much do microcredentials cost?标题下第三段中“The languages available in Coursera are English, German, Spanish, French, Russian and Portuguese (Brazilian). Other available languages include Japanese, Korean, Chinese (traditional and simplified) and Arabic.(Coursera提供的可用语言包括英语、德语、西班牙语、法语、俄语和葡萄牙语（巴西）。其他可用语言还包括日语、韩语、中文（繁体和简体）及阿拉伯语)”可知，既会说英语又会说中文的学习者可以在Coursera上自由选择英语或中文界面。 Passage 2 【答案】4. B 5. C 6. D 7. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文，主要讲述了作者对于数学教学的新颖观点，即将数学与现实生活中的政治和社会公正问题相结合，以此来吸引学生的兴趣并提高他们的逻辑分析能力。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“I have a different approach which is to relate abstract maths to questions of politics and social justice.”（我有一种不同的方法，即将抽象的数学与政治和社会公正问题相结合。）可知，作者主张需要改变传统的数学教学方法。故选B。 【5题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“At a basic level, maths is founded on logic, so when I am teaching logic, I use examples from contemporary events rather than the old-fashioned type of problem. Instead of studying the logic of a statement like “all dogs have four legs”, I might discuss the statement like”（在基本层面上，数学是建立在逻辑的基础上的，所以当我教逻辑时，我用当代事件的例子，而不是老式的问题。）可知，作者会用当代事件的例子，而不是老式的问题；结合下文“I introduce issues like privilege and wealth — If someone has a higher status, are they automatically wealthier? We can also ask about working hours and income: if someone works more hours, do they necessarily earn more? ”（我介绍了特权和财富之类的问题——如果一个人的地位更高，他们就会自然而然地更富有吗？我们还可以问关于工作时间和收入的问题：如果某人工作时间更长，他们是否就一定赚得更多？）可知，作者会介绍一些社会性问题；由此可知，C选项“所有移民都是非法的”符合语境。故选C。 【6题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第四段“I have been criticized by people claiming my approach will be annoying to those who don’t care about social justice. However, the dry approach is also off-putting to those who do care. Sometimes, such society-oriented questions may benefit the well-rounded development of the students.”（有人批评我，认为我的方法会让那些不关心社会公正的人感到烦恼。然而，枯燥的方法也会让那些关心社会公正的人感到反感。有时，这样的社会性问题可能有利于学生的全面发展。）可推知，作者认为讨论社会问题对于全面教育是必要的。故选D。 【7题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第五段“I don’t demand that students agree with me about politics, but I do ask that they construct thorough arguments to back up their thoughts and develop the crucial ability to analyze the logic of people they disagree with.”（我不要求学生在政治上同意我，但我要求他们构建完整的论据来支持他们的思想，并发展分析他们不同意的人的逻辑的关键能力。）可推知，作者希望他的学生能够形成自己的观点，并能够用逻辑来支持自己的观点。故选C。 Passage 3 【答案】8. C 9. D 10. A 11. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了明尼苏达暴风雪暴露出传统救灾工具的低效问题。工业 AI 可预测灾害、指导救援、缩短恢复时间。作者呼吁各方合作，用 AI 提升救灾效率。 【8题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Minnesota, mid-winter. A snowstorm blows through the city, leaving 500,000 homes without power, drivers stuck on highways and flights put off. Meanwhile, forty feet up an electric pole (电线杆), a technician is trying to get the lights back on, but not knowing where to check the fix or how to call for support from the rescue centre.(明尼苏达州，隆冬时节。一场暴风雪席卷了这座城市，致使50万户家庭断电，司机被困在高速公路上，航班也被迫延误。与此同时，在一根40英尺高的电线杆上，一名技术人员正试图恢复供电，但他不知道该从何处查找解决办法，也不知道如何向救援中心请求支援)”可知，第一段主要向我们讲述了这场灾难的规模。故选C。 【9题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“When disaster hits, frontline workers must mobilize. But, too often, they are going to work armed with last century’s tools. Rescue efforts are running on clipboards (记事板) and piles of paper.(当灾难来袭时，一线救援人员必须迅速行动。但他们往往还在使用上个世纪的工具开展工作。救援工作仍依赖记事板和成堆的纸质文件)”可知，救援人员的设备陈旧，所以人们在冒着生命危险工作。故划线词意思是“生命处于危险中”。故选D。 【10题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段““If we can cut recovery time by getting rescue workers to the right places with the right tools, before the event even hits, then hospitals stay powered, field teams work safely and families return to warm homes faster,” said Brian Burdette, head of the rescue team.( 救援队负责人布莱恩·伯德特说：“如果我们能在事件发生之前，就让救援人员携带合适的工具抵达现场，从而缩短救援时间，那么医院就能保持正常运转，救援队伍就能安全作业，受灾家庭也能更快地回到温暖的家中。”)”可知，布莱恩·伯德特对工业人工智能救援工作持支持态度。故选A。 【11题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“We need nations and companies to pull together at a system-wide level, not just organization by organization or area by area, catching the chance that industrial AI presents for intelligent responses.(我们需要各个国家和企业从整个系统层面携手合作，而不能只是按组织单位或地区分别行动，要抓住工业人工智能所带来的做出智能反应的机遇)”可知，作者建议救援工作鼓励合作。故选B。 Passage 4 【答案】12. D 13. C 14. B 15. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了科学家们对智利沙漠中大片黑色玻璃成因的研究。早期研究认为这些玻璃可能由古代草原火灾形成，但最新的研究通过分析玻璃中的矿物质成分，发现其形成温度远高于普通火灾所能达到的温度，从而推测这些玻璃是由彗星爆炸产生的。文章还提到，未来的研究将进一步确定这些玻璃的年代，并探讨彗星爆炸事件对地球环境的影响。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Some researchers have assumed that the glass resulted from ancient grass fires, as the region wasn’t always desert. And it’s been suggested that widespread fires may have burnt hot enough to melt the sandy soil into large thick glassy pieces.(一些研究人员认为，这些玻璃是由古代草原火灾形成的，因为该地区并不总是沙漠。有人认为，广泛的火灾可能燃烧得足够热，将沙质土壤熔化成大块厚实的玻璃状物质)”可知，早期研究认为这些玻璃可能由草原火灾形成的沙质土壤。故选D项。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Through analyzing dozens of samples taken from the glass across the region, they found minerals in the samples which typically appear in temperature over 3,000 degrees Fahrenheit—far hotter than what could be generated by grass fires.(通过对该地区采集的数十个玻璃样本进行分析，他们发现样本中含有通常在超过3000华氏度的高温下出现的矿物——远高于草原火灾所能产生的温度)”可知，科学家们通过分析玻璃中的化学物质来确定其起源。故选C项。 【14题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第四段““More work needs to be done to establish the exact age of the glass,” says Scultz(“还需要做更多工作来确定这块玻璃的确切年代，”舒尔茨说)”可知，Scultz未来的研究目的是确认这些玻璃的确切年代。故选B项。 【15题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Some researchers have assumed that the glass resulted from ancient grass fires, as the region wasn’t always desert. And it’s been suggested that widespread fires may have burnt hot enough to melt the sandy soil into large thick glassy pieces.(一些研究人员认为，这些玻璃是由古代草原火灾形成的，因为该地区并不总是沙漠。有人认为，广泛的火灾可能燃烧得足够热，将沙质土壤熔化成大块厚实的玻璃状物质)”、第二段“Through analyzing dozens of samples taken from the glass across the region, they found minerals in the samples which typically appear in temperature over 3,000 degrees Fahrenheit—far hotter than what could be generated by grass fires.(通过对该地区采集的数十个玻璃样本进行分析，他们发现样本中含有通常在超过3000华氏度的高温下出现的矿物——远高于草原火灾所能产生的温度)”、第四段““More work needs to be done to establish the exact age of the glass,” says Scultz(“还需要做更多工作来确定这块玻璃的确切年代，”舒尔茨说)”以及最后一段““There may be lots of these explosion scars out there, but until now we haven’t had enough evidence to make us believe they were truly related to airburst events,” Scultz said. “I think this site provides a pattern which helps improve our impact models and will help identify similar sites elsewhere and reveal the potential risk posed by such events.”(“那里可能有很多这样的爆炸痕迹，但直到现在，我们还没有足够证据让我们相信它们确实与空中爆炸事件有关，”舒尔茨说。“我认为这个地点提供了一个模式，有助于改进我们的冲击模型，并将帮助识别其他地方的类似地点，揭示此类事件可能造成的潜在风险。”)”可知，本文主要介绍了科学家们对智利沙漠中大片黑色玻璃成因的研究，揭示了这些玻璃可能由彗星爆炸形成，并探讨了未来的研究方向。因此，选项A“Uncovering the Mystery of Black Glass in a Desert(揭开沙漠中黑色玻璃的神秘面纱)”最适合作为本文的标题。故选A项。 Passage 5 【答案】16. F 17. C 18. G 19. A 20. E 【解析】 【导语】文章主要针对营地辅导员工作给出五条建议，包括在各项活动中保持热情、积极倾听营员、乐于尝试新事物、鼓励营员提出想法以及使用积极语言，以帮助辅导员更好地开展工作，为营员创造美好回忆。 【16题详解】 上文“Be enthusiastic in every activity.(在每项活动中都要充满热情)”强调了热情的重要性，F选项“Your energy and excitement set the tone for your campers.(你的活力和兴奋为营员们定下基调)”进一步阐述热情带来的影响，energy and excitement与上文enthusiastic相呼应。 【17题详解】 上文“Listen actively to your campers. Being a good listener is one of the most important features of a great camp counselor.(积极倾听你的营员。成为一个好的倾听者是优秀营地辅导员最重要的特质之一)”表明倾听的重要性，C选项“Campers want to feel heard and understood.(营员们希望被倾听和理解)”解释了积极倾听的原因，与上文话题紧密相关。 【18题详解】 上文“Campers often look up to their counselors as role models.(营员们经常把他们的辅导员视为榜样)”说明辅导员是营员的榜样，G选项“To encourage them to step out of their comfort zones, you need to do the same.(为了鼓励他们走出舒适区，你也需要这样做)”承接上文，指出辅导员应以身作则走出舒适区，以鼓励营员，you need to do the same与上文 role models呼应。 【19题详解】 设空处为段落小标题，需概括本段内容。下文“Campers often come up with creative ideas or suggestions for activities. Instead of dismissing these ideas, take them seriously. Even when an idea doesn’t work out perfectly, the camper will feel valued knowing their input matters.(营员们经常会为活动想出有创意的想法或建议。不要忽视这些想法，要认真对待。即使一个想法不能完美奏效，营员知道他们的意见有价值也会感到被重视)”主要讲述要重视营员的想法，A选项“Encourage camper ideas.(鼓励营员的想法)”概括了本段主旨，作为小标题合适。 【20题详解】 上文“Use positive language. The way you communicate with campers matters. Instead of focusing on what they mustn’t do, guide them with positive instructions. For example, instead of saying, “Don’t run,” say, “Please walk.”(使用积极的语言。你与营员交流的方式很重要。不要专注于他们不能做什么，而是用积极的指令引导他们。例如，不要说“不要跑”，而是说“请走”)”阐述使用积极语言的沟通方式，E选项“This slight change makes them more likely to cooperate.(这种细微的改变使他们更有可能合作)”说明这种积极语言沟通带来的结果，与上文衔接紧密。 Passage 6 【答案】21. D 22. C 23. B 24. A 25. D 26. C 27. A 28. B 29. D 30. C 31. A 32. B 33. D 34. A 35. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者选修了一门俄语在线课程。老师的表扬让作者意识到自己以前很少表扬学生，所以她现在用词更深思熟虑了。 【21题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：两年前，我决定参加一个在线语言课程，学习一些俄语知识。A. arrange for安排；B. come to达到，涉及；C. take off起飞，脱下；D. take part in参加。 根据后文“learn some knowledge of Russian”可知，作者决定参加一个在线语言课程，学习一些俄语知识。故选D项。 【22题详解】 考查动名词词义辨析。句意：我每个月都会和老师见面几次练习口语。A. listening 听；B. writing写作；C. speaking说，讲；D. reading读。根据前文“I would meet my teacher a few times a month”提到“每月和老师见面”，结合语言学习场景，见面练习的核心是“口语”。故选C项。 【23题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我们的交流中，他也和我分享了他生活中的细节。A. said说；B. shared分享；C. recorded记录；D. told告诉。根据句意以及前文“During our communication”可知，他也和作者分享了他生活中的细节。故选B项。 【24题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：渐渐地，我的熟悉和舒适取代了前几节课的不安。A. uneasiness不安；B. confidence自信；C. pleasure愉悦；D. expectation期待。根据前文“my familiarity and comfort replaced”可知，对比“最初几节课”的感受，应是“不安”。故选A项。 【25题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我不再感到尴尬，开始畅谈自己的背景和俄语方面的问题。A. plans计划；B. competence能力；C. goal目标；D. problems问题。根据前文“I stopped feeling embarrassed and began to open up about my own background”提到“不再尴尬，开始坦诚自身背景”，结合语言学习，坦诚的应是“学习俄语时遇到的问题”。故选D项。 【26题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：别担心；我是来教你的。A. relieve缓解；B. defeat打败；C. teach教；D. inspire鼓励。根据后文“You’re hardworking and I’m sure you’ll do well in it,” said my teacher.”可知，此处指的是老师来教作者。故选C项。 【27题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我自己的教学中，我也用类似的话来安慰或表扬我的学生。A. praised表扬；B. defended辩护；C. selected选择；D. amazed使惊讶。根据前文“I had comforted”提到“我曾用类似的话安慰或…… 我的学生”，“or”连接并列动作，与“comforted（安慰）”语义相近的是“praised（表扬）”，符合教师对学生的常见积极行为。故选A项。 【28题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：情况发生了变化。A. crashed崩溃；B. turned转变；C. overdid过度；D. strengthened加强。根据上文“But it was strange to hear these words directed at me.”提到作者对于听到这些话感到很奇怪，可知，情况发生了变化。故选B项。 【29题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我使用各种词汇或表达时，老师会说：“你今天真棒。”A. aimless无目标的；B. nervous紧张的；C. voluntary自愿的；D. excellent出色的。根据后文“when I used various vocabulary or expressions”提到“当我使用多样的词汇或表达时”，可知，老师应给予正面评价，“excellent（出色的）”符合 “肯定学生进步”的场景。故选D项。 【30题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我听到这四个字时，我有一种喜悦的感觉。A. energy能量；B. disappointment失望；C. joy快乐；D. depression沮丧。根据上文“When I heard these four words”可知，听到老师的表扬“你今天很出色”，作者应产生“愉悦”的感受。故选C项。 【31题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同样令我惊讶的是，如此简单的赞美竟能鼓舞我的信心。A. simple简单的；B. strange奇怪的；C. formal正式的；D. junior初级的。根据前文““You are excellent today,” my teacher would say”老师的表扬是“你今天很出色”可知，此处指的是这类简短话语，“simple praise”（简单的表扬）符合“话语朴实” 的描述，与后文“these plain words”（这些朴实的话）呼应。故选A项。 【32题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：这时我才意识到，我很少表扬我的学生。A. independently独立地；B. little很少；C. necessarily必要地；D. much多。根据后文“I thought too much praise made them too proud.”提到“我认为过多表扬会让学生骄傲”，可知作者我之前很少表扬学生。故选B项。 【33题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但现在，我改变了主意，明白了这些平淡的话语可以意味着很多。A. reminded提醒；B. applied应用；C. suffered遭受；D. understood理解。根据前文“I had a change of heart”提到“现在我改变了想法”，可知 作者理解了这些朴实的话意义重大。故选D项。 【34题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：语言很重要。A. matter重要；B. fail失败；C. remain保持；D. improve改善。根据前文“understood that these plain words can mean a lot”可知，此处指的是“Words matter”（话语很重要）是常用搭配，总结前文“简单表扬对人影响重大”的核心，符合“强调话语价值”的语境。故选A项。 【35题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：现在，当我使用它们时，我变得更加深思熟虑。A. typical典型的；B. responsible负责的；C. thoughtful深思熟虑的；D. upset沮丧的。根据前文“Words matter.”认识到 “话语重要”，可知作者现在使用话语时更深思熟虑。故选C项。 Passage 7 【答案】36. roughly 37. after 38. separation 39. delivered&to be delivered 40. which 41. and 42. launched 43. be loaded 44. a 45. to 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲述了中国成功发射嫦娥六号月球探测器，执行首次从月球背面采集样本的复杂而雄心勃勃的任务，并详细描述了发射过程、任务目标、飞船构造以及返回地球的计划。 【36题详解】 考查副词。句意：东部时间5月3日上午5点30分（世界标准时间9点30分），一枚57米高的长征五号火箭在文昌航天发射中心发射升空，将重约8200公斤的嫦娥六号送入轨道。空格处用副词作状语，rough的副词是roughly，意为“大约”。故填roughly。 【37题详解】 考查介词。句意：二级火箭的首次点火燃烧在发射后12分钟完成，跨月注入燃烧在发射后约14分钟完成。根据语境可知，句子表示“二级火箭的首次点火燃烧在发射后12分钟完成”，空格处意为“在……之后”，用介词after。故填after。 【38题详解】 考查名词。句意：飞船分离计划在飞行后37分钟左右进行。空格处用名词作主语，separate的名词是separation，意为“分离”，是不可数名词，故填separation。 【39题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：如果成功的话，这次53天的任务所带来的样本可能会改变我们对地球和早期太阳系历史的认识。句中谓语是could change，空格处用非谓语动词，samples和deliver之间是逻辑上的被动关系，既可以用过去分词表被动，也可以用不定式的被动形式表将来的动作，因此空格处用delivered/to be delivered作后置定语，故填delivered/to be delivered。 【40题详解】 考查非限制性定语从句。句意：它的轨道飞行器将把任务送入月球轨道，之后一个着陆器将分离，降落在月球背面的阿波罗陨石坑。空格处是“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，设空处指代主句阐述的内容，作after宾语，用关系代词。故填which。 【41题详解】 考查连词。句意：由于地球减缓了月球的自转速度，使月球处于潮汐锁定状态（这与海平面的涨落有关），地球永远看不到月球的背面，因此需要一颗中继卫星来实现地球和月球背面之间的通信。slowing the moon’s rotation和leaving之间是并列关系，句子是肯定句，因此空格处用and表并列，故填and。 【42题详解】 考查时态。句意：为此，中国于今年3月将鹊桥2号发射到一个专门的月球轨道上。句子描述过去的事情，时态用一般过去时，空格处用过去式，故填launched。 【43题详解】 考查被动语态。句意：这些样本将被装载到一个上升飞行器中，该飞行器将返回月球轨道，并与轨道飞行器进行复杂而精细的对接。These samples与动词laod之间为被动关系，结合空前will可知，句子用一般将来时的被动语态，空前有will，空格处用be done，故填be loaded。 【44题详解】 考查冠词。句意：这些样本将被装载到一个上升飞行器中，该飞行器将返回月球轨道，并与轨道飞行器进行复杂而精细的对接。docking是可数名词的单数形式，表泛指，前面要加不定冠词，complex是辅音音素开头，因此不定冠词用a，故填a。 【45题详解】 考查介词。句意：返回舱将在抵达地球之前释放，并将首先反弹入地球大气层。prior to是固定短语，意为“在……之前”，因此空格处是to，故填to。 迁移应用篇 一、根据提示完成句子 1. get their knowledge gaps filled by excellent teachers 2. Now that you have realized the value of a growth mindset 3. take it for granted that natural gift determines academic performance 4. It was the first time that I had realized 5. Without a growth mindset; would never tap into our full potential 6. with none of their classmates coming to their defence 二、应用文写作 My View on Learning Nowadays, quite a few students attribute their poor academic performance to a lack of natural gift. Faced with learning obstacles, they tend to fall victim to fixed‑mindset beliefs, convinced that further progress is beyond their reach. As far as I am concerned, potential lies largely in consistent efforts rather than inborn talent. Instead of racing through new lessons, we ought to take pains to bridge knowledge gaps and attach great importance to perseverance. Only by adopting a growth mindset can we tap into our full potential. 1 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $