Unit 6 When disaster strikes 单元培优测试 2026-2027学年外研版英语八年级上册

八年级英语(外研版)上册单元培优测试 Unit 6 When disaster strikes (考试时间90分钟 满分100分) 注意事项 1. 本试卷不含听力部分,共六大题,满分100分,考试时间90分钟。 2. 答题前,请将姓名、班级、考号填写在试卷密封线内规定的位置。 3. 请用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔答题,答案必须写在答题区域内。 一、完形填空(共10小题,每小题1.5分,满分15分。) 阅读下面短文,从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 The typhoon came on a Friday night in September. I was doing my homework in my room when the wind suddenly grew (1). Through the window I could see the trees bending almost to the ground. "Turn off the computer and come to the living room," Dad said (2). "The power may go out at any time." We sat together in the middle of the room, away from the windows. Mum had already (3) all the windows and filled several bottles with water. My little brother was so (4) that he held my hand tightly and would not let go. At about nine o'clock, the lights went out. For a moment the whole flat was (5) silent. Then Dad switched on a torch and told us a story about his childhood. His voice was calm, and slowly my brother stopped trembling. Outside, the rain was beating (6) the roof. I could hear something heavy fall somewhere nearby, but I could not see what it was (7) it was completely dark. The typhoon passed at about four in the morning. When the sun rose, we went downstairs. A big tree had fallen across the road, and two cars were (8) under its branches. Neighbours were already standing outside, talking in low voices. That morning, I learned something that no textbook could teach me. In a disaster, what keeps people safe is not luck (9) preparation and calmness. And the first step of preparation is simply knowing (10) to do before the storm arrives. 1. A. quieter B. stronger C. warmer D. drier 2. A. angrily B. proudly C. calmly D. sadly 3. A. opened B. painted C. cleaned D. shut 4. A. scared B. excited C. sleepy D. hungry 5. A. suddenly B. completely C. hardly D. nearly 6. A. against B. through C. above D. among 7. A. unless B. before C. because D. while 8. A. moving B. washed C. parked D. trapped 9. A. or B. but C. and D. so 10. A. what B. who C. which D. whose 二、阅读理解(共15小题,每小题2分,满分30分。) 阅读下列短文,从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A 阅读下面某社区“台风应对时间表”,完成各小题。 Stage Time What to do Before the typhoon 48 hours ahead Charge phones; store drinking water and food 24 hours ahead Close all windows; move plants and bikes indoors 12 hours ahead Put a torch, a radio and a first-aid box in one place During the typhoon — Stay indoors; keep away from windows After the typhoon — Do not touch fallen wires; report damage to the community office The timetable is printed on a card and sent to every family in the community. Residents who need help during a typhoon can call the community hotline at any time. 11. What should residents do 48 hours before a typhoon? A. Closing all windows. B. Reporting damage to the office. C. Staying away from all windows. D. Charging phones and storing water. 12. When should residents close all windows? A. Twelve hours ahead. B. Forty-eight hours ahead. C. Twenty-four hours ahead. D. One week ahead. 13. What should residents do if they need help during a typhoon? A. They should stay at home quietly. B. They should go to the community office. C. They should call the hotline for help. D. They should ask their neighbours. B In AD 79, a city near the coast of southern Italy was destroyed in less than twenty-four hours. Its name was Pompeii, and the cause was the sudden eruption of Mount Vesuvius. For centuries, people in Pompeii had lived peacefully under the mountain. The soil was rich, the weather was mild, and nobody knew that the mountain was in fact a volcano. When the eruption began, many residents did not understand what was happening. Some stood in the streets and watched the strange cloud rising into the sky. Soon, however, hot ash and small stones began to fall. The sky turned black, and breathing became difficult. Those who realised the danger fled towards the sea; others hid in their houses, hoping that the storm would soon pass. By the following morning, the city had been buried under several metres of ash. For more than 1,600 years, Pompeii lay forgotten. It was rediscovered in 1748, and since then archaeologists have uncovered a remarkable picture of daily Roman life: bakeries with loaves still in the ovens, streets with clear wheel marks, and even messages written on the walls. "Pompeii teaches us two lessons," one historian says. "Nature is more powerful than we imagine, and understanding the warning signs can save thousands of lives." Today, Vesuvius is one of the most carefully watched volcanoes in the world. 14. What destroyed Pompeii in AD 79? A. A serious illness. B. The eruption of a volcano. C. A long drought. D. A terrible flood. 15. What did people in Pompeii know about the mountain? A. They knew it was a volcano. B. They had been warned by scientists. C. They did not know it was a volcano. D. They had already moved away. 16. What did the residents do when the eruption began? A. They all escaped to the sea. B. They climbed the mountain at once. C. They waited quietly for help. D. They hid in their houses or fled. 17. What does the historian say Pompeii teaches us? A. Understanding warning signs can save lives. B. Volcanoes are no longer dangerous. C. History has nothing to teach us. D. Cities should never be built near mountains. C What should you do when an earthquake happens? Experts from the China Earthquake Administration have a simple answer: drop, cover and hold on. "Drop" means getting down on your hands and knees immediately. "Cover" means protecting your head and neck under a strong desk or table. "Hold on" means staying where you are until the shaking stops. This advice is based on years of research and has saved many lives. However, experts warn that some common beliefs are wrong. One is that standing in a doorway is the safest choice. In fact, modern buildings have stronger walls than doorways, so a doorway is usually not the best place. Another mistaken belief is that people should run outside as soon as the shaking begins. In most earthquakes, the shaking is so strong that running is dangerous — people fall down or are hit by falling objects. Preparation before an earthquake matters just as much. Every family should keep an emergency bag with water, food, a torch, a whistle and copies of important documents. Families should also agree on a meeting place and learn how to turn off the gas and electricity. "An earthquake lasts only seconds, but preparation can be done over years," one expert says. "The ten minutes you spend today may decide what happens tomorrow." 18. What does "cover" mean in the experts' advice? A. Run outside at once. B. Stand in a doorway. C. Hide under a strong desk. D. Shout for help loudly. 19. Why is standing in a doorway not the best choice? A. They are always the safest place. B. They are too small for adults. C. They have no windows at all. D. Modern walls are usually stronger. 20. What do experts say about running outside during an earthquake? A. It is dangerous while the ground shakes. B. It is the best way to stay safe. C. It should be done as soon as shaking starts. D. It is only necessary for tall buildings. 21. What does the expert mean by his words? A. Earthquakes can be prevented. B. Preparation takes only ten minutes. C. Today's preparation may save us tomorrow. D. Experts always agree with each other. D When the flood warning came on the radio, Li Na's family had only twenty minutes to leave their home. Heavy rain had fallen for three days, and the river was rising fast. Li Na was fourteen then. She remembers standing in the doorway, holding a small bag, while her father carried her grandmother down the steps. "I wanted to take my books and my photo album," she says. "But my mother said we had no time. I cried all the way to the shelter." The shelter was a school gymnasium, three kilometres away. About two hundred people spent the night there. Li Na could not sleep. She sat on a mat and watched volunteers moving between the rows, handing out blankets and hot water. "At about midnight, a woman came and sat beside me," she remembers. "She was a nurse. She told me that her own house was also under water, but she said, 'If I stay here and help, at least someone will feel better tonight.'" Those words changed Li Na's idea about disasters. Before that night, she thought a disaster was simply something terrible that happened to people. Now she believes that it is also a moment when people show who they really are. Two weeks later, the water went down and the family returned home. Most of their furniture was damaged, but nobody had been hurt. Li Na's mother found her photo album in a wet box; though many pages were stuck together, most of the pictures could still be seen. "I used to think that things were the most important," Li Na says. "That night taught me that people are." 22. How much time did Li Na's family have to leave their home? A. They had plenty of time. B. They refused to leave their home. C. They had left a week before. D. They had only twenty minutes. 23. Where did Li Na's family spend the night? A. In a school gymnasium. B. In a hospital. C. At a neighbour's home. D. On the roof of a building. 24. What did the nurse do at midnight? A. She helped hand out blankets. B. She sat beside Li Na and talked. C. She asked Li Na to sing a song. D. She drove the family back home. 25. What did Li Na learn from that night? A. Things are more important than people. B. People are the most important. C. Disasters can never be survived. D. Photo albums should be protected first. 三、任务型阅读(共5小题,每小题3分,满分15分。) 阅读下面短文,根据短文内容完成各小题的任务。 What should a family do before a disaster happens? Here are four steps that rescue workers suggest every family should follow. Step one: make a plan together. Sit down with your family and decide where to meet if you cannot go home. Choose two places — one near your home and one outside your neighbourhood. Write down the phone numbers of two relatives who live in another city. Step two: prepare an emergency bag. Put it near the door. The bag should contain at least three days of water and food, a torch, a whistle, a small radio and copies of important documents. Check the bag every six months and replace anything that has gone bad. Step three: learn basic skills. Everyone in the family should know how to turn off the gas and electricity, how to give first aid, and how to use a fire extinguisher. These skills take only a few hours to learn but can save a life. Step four: practise. Once a year, hold a family drill. Set a timer and see how long it takes everyone to gather at the meeting place. Children who have practised stay much calmer when a real emergency comes. Nobody can stop a disaster from happening, but a prepared family is never helpless. 26. How many meeting places should a family choose? 27. What should a family do with the emergency bag every six months? 28. 根据短文内容,完成下面的家庭防灾四步梳理,每空不超过3个词。 Step 1: make a ① together. Step 4: hold a family ② once a year. 29. What does the writer mean by "a prepared family is never helpless"? 回答不超过20词 30. Which of the four steps do you think your family should start with? Why? 回答至少20词 四、补全对话(共5小题,每小题2分,满分10分。) 根据对话内容,从方框内所给的七个选项中选出五个恰当的句子补全对话,使对话意思完整、通顺。 A. Was anyone hurt? B. It was the strongest typhoon in ten years. C. What were you doing at that time? D. How did you get through the night? E. We should prepare an emergency bag. F. I was so scared that I could not speak. G. Did your family lose anything? Peter: Hi, Mary! You look tired today. What happened? Mary: Our town was hit by a typhoon last Friday. Peter: 31. Mary: I was doing my homework in my room when the wind suddenly grew stronger. Peter: 32. Mary: Luckily, no. My little brother was frightened, but nobody was hurt. Peter: 33. Mary: We sat together in the living room and my father told us stories. The lights went out at nine. Peter: That sounds really frightening. Mary: 34. Peter: I understand. What do you think we should do to get ready next time? Mary: 35. Peter: Good idea. I will ask my parents to prepare one too. 五、语法填空(共10小题,每小题1.5分,满分15分。) 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Last summer, my family went to Sichuan for a holiday. On our third day there, we visited a small mountain village. At about two o'clock in the afternoon, I (36) (walk) along a narrow path with my father. Suddenly the ground began to shake. "Earthquake!" my father shouted. "(37) (drop) down and cover your head!" We got down beside a low stone wall. While the ground (38) (shake), I heard stones falling from the hillside behind us. It lasted less than thirty seconds, but it felt like a lifetime. When the shaking stopped, we found that the path (39) (be) blocked by fallen rocks. We had to climb over them slowly. My hands were shaking, and my legs felt (40) weak to move. Back at the village, we learned that the earthquake (41) (not hurt) anyone, though several houses were damaged. A local woman invited us into her home and gave us hot tea. "You are lucky," she said. "The last one, ten years ago, was much (42) (bad)." That evening, while we (43) (wait) for the bus, I asked my father what we should do if another earthquake happened. He said we should always stay (44) (calm) and follow the safety rules we had learned. I will never forget that afternoon. It taught me that nature is (45) (power) than anything we can control, and that respect is the beginning of safety. 六、书面表达(满分15分。) 学校英文报 Safety First 栏目正在举办以“An Unforgettable Experience”为题的征文活动。请你写一篇短文投稿,内容包括: 1. 描述你经历过(或听说过)的一次突发事件(如台风、地震、暴雨等); 2. 当时你或他人正在做什么,又是如何应对的; 3. 这次经历给你的启示。 注意: 1. 词数80—100,开头已给出,不计入总词数; 2. 可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯; 3. 文中不得出现真实的姓名和校名。 An Unforgettable Experience Some experiences stay in our memory forever. 参考答案与解析 一、完形填空 1. B 解析:考查形容词比较级(程度变化)。由后句“树木几乎弯到地面”可知风力变得更强。A、C、D 三项均与台风来临时的景象相反。 2. C 解析:考查副词辨析(说话方式)。父亲在危险时刻沉着地指挥家人,与后文“他的声音很平静”呼应。“生气地”、“自豪地”、“悲伤地”都与沉稳应对灾难的态度不符。 3. D 解析:考查动词辨析(防灾动作)。台风来临前应关闭所有窗户以防风雨灌入,shut the windows 符合防灾常识。“打开”恰好相反,“粉刷”“打扫”与防台风无关。 4. A 解析:考查形容词辨析(心理状态)。弟弟紧抓我的手不肯放开,说明他非常害怕。“兴奋的”、“困倦的”、“饥饿的”都不能解释这一动作。 5. B 解析:考查副词辨析(程度)。停电后整个公寓“完全”安静下来,completely silent 强调彻底无声。suddenly 侧重时间上的突然,hardly 与 silent 搭配后语义相反,nearly 程度不够。 6. A 解析:考查介词(方位与受力)。beat against 意为“拍打、撞击(某物表面)”,描述雨点打在屋顶上的情景。“穿过”、“在……上方”、“在……之间”都不能表达撞击之意。 7. C 解析:考查从属连词(原因)。看不清是什么东西,原因是“当时天完全黑了”,because 引导原因状语从句。A、B、D 三项都不能表达因果逻辑。 8. D 解析:考查动词辨析(灾难后果)。大树横倒在路上,两辆车被压在树枝下面无法移动,be trapped under 意为“被困在……下面”。“移动”、“冲洗”、“停放”都不能体现受困的状态。 9. B 解析:考查固定结构(notbut)。全句意为“在灾难中保护人们安全的不是运气,而是准备与镇定”,notbut 表示“不是……而是……”。 10. A 解析:考查疑问词(从句引导)。know what to do 意为“知道该做什么”,空处在不定式结构中作 do 的宾语。 二、阅读理解 11. D 解析:表格信息检索题。第一行显示台风前 48 小时应做的是给手机充电、储备饮用水和食物。 12. C 解析:细节题。第二行显示应提前 24 小时关闭所有窗户,并把花盆和自行车移入室内。 13. C 解析:细节判断题。表后说明台风期间需要帮助的居民可随时拨打社区热线,该项与之吻合。 14. B 解析:细节题。首段明确指出庞贝城毁于维苏威火山的突然喷发。 15. C 解析:细节题。第二段说明当地居民一直平静地生活在山下,没有人知道这座山其实是一座火山。 16. D 解析:细节题。第三段说明察觉危险的人向海边逃去,其他人则躲进屋里,希望灾难很快过去。 17. A 解析:引语理解题。历史学家总结庞贝给出两条教训:自然比我们想象的更强大,理解预警信号能挽救成千上万人的生命,该项为原文转述。 18. C 解析:细节题。第二段说明“Cover”指躲在结实的桌子下面保护头颈,这是专家给出的核心建议。 19. D 解析:细节题。第三段指出这种看法有误,因为现代建筑的墙体通常比门框更结实,门框往往不是最佳躲避处。 20. A 解析:细节题。第三段说明多数地震中震动很强,奔跑十分危险,人容易摔倒或被坠物击中。 21. C 解析:引语理解题。专家强调地震只有几秒,但准备可以持续数年,今天花的十分钟可能决定明天发生什么,该项概括准确。 22. D 解析:细节题。首段说明洪水预警发布时,李娜一家只有二十分钟撤离时间。 23. A 解析:细节题。第四段说明避难所是三公里外的一所学校体育馆,约两百人在那里过夜。 24. B 解析:细节题。第五段说明一位护士在午夜坐到李娜身边,和她说话,并讲述自己的房子也被水淹了。 25. B 解析:主旨理解题。李娜最后总结说,自己过去认为物品最重要,而那一夜让她明白人才是最重要的,该项概括准确。 三、任务型阅读 26. Two. 解析:细节查找题。第二步说明应选择两个集合地点,一个在住家附近,一个在社区之外。 27. Check it and replace anything bad. 解析:细节查找题。第三步说明应每半年检查应急包,更换变质的物品。 28. ① plan ② drill 解析:信息梳理题。第一空依据 Step one: make a plan together;第二空依据 Once a year, hold a family drill。 29. Preparation gives a family the ability to act and stay safe. 解析:句意概括题。抓住“有准备的家庭在灾难中仍有行动能力”这一含义,限 20 词以内。 30. 示例:My family should start with Step two, because we do not have an emergency bag at home. I will prepare one this weekend with water, food and a torch. 解析:开放性表达题。需明确选择一步并说明理由与具体行动,不少于 20 词且语言规范。 四、补全对话 31. C 解析:后句 Mary 回答 I was doing my homework in my room when the wind suddenly grew stronger,说明此处询问“当时你正在做什么”,该项精准对应。 32. A 解析:后句回答 Luckily, no,说明此处是一般疑问句,该项“有人受伤吗”与之完全匹配。 33. D 解析:后句 Mary 描述一家人如何在客厅度过停电之夜,说明此处询问“你们是怎么熬过那一夜的”,该项符合语境。 34. F 解析:前句 Peter 说那听起来很吓人,此处 Mary 回应自己的感受,F 项“我害怕得说不出话”与前句情绪呼应。 35. E 解析:后句 Peter 回答 Good idea. I will ask my parents to prepare one too,说明此处 Mary 提议准备应急包,E 项与之对应。B、G 两项为干扰项。 五、语法填空 36. was walking 解析:考查过去进行时。表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作,与后文 Suddenly the ground began to shake 形成“正在做某事时突然……”的结构。 37. Drop 解析:考查祈使句。地震时父亲下达指令,用动词原形开头的祈使句,首字母大写。 38. was shaking 解析:考查过去进行时。while 引导的时间状语从句表示“当地面正在晃动时”,用过去进行时。 39. was 解析:考查一般过去时与主谓一致。主语 the path 为单数,叙述当时的情况用 was。 40. too 解析:考查副词。tooto 结构意为“太……而不能……”,此处表示双腿软弱得无法移动。 41. didn't hurt / did not hurt 解析:考查一般过去时的否定式。叙述过去发生的事实,用 didn't hurt。 42. worse 解析:考查形容词比较级。much 修饰比较级,表示“十年前的那次要严重得多”,bad 的比较级为 worse。 43. were waiting 解析:考查过去进行时。while 引导的从句表示“当我们在等车的时候”,主语 we 为复数,用 were waiting。 44. calm 解析:考查形容词。stay 作系动词后接形容词作表语,stay calm 意为“保持镇静”。 45. more powerful 解析:考查形容词比较级。由 than 可知须用比较级,powerful 为多音节词,其比较级为 more powerful。 六、书面表达 参考范文 An Unforgettable Experience Some experiences stay in our memory forever. Last September, a typhoon hit our city at night. I was reading in my room when the wind suddenly grew stronger. My father asked us to move to the living room, away from the windows. While we were sitting together, the lights went out. My father switched on a torch and told us stories to keep us calm. The next morning, we found that a big tree had fallen across the road. Nobody in our building was hurt. This experience taught me that preparation and calmness matter far more than luck. 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $