Unit 3 Grammar in Use 讲义 2026-2027学年英语仁爱科普版九年级上册

Unit 3 Great Ideas　Grammar in Use 课时基本信息 课　　题 Unit 3 Great Ideas — Grammar in Use 课　　型 语法课（45分钟） 年　　级 九年级上册 版　　本 仁爱科普版（2024）英语九年级上册 教学重难点 【教学重点】 掌握后缀 -en 两类构词规则（形容词+en→动词、名词+en→形容词），正确使用派生词,掌握一般现在时与一般过去时被动语态基本结构，会主动、被动句型转换 【教学难点】 根据主语及时态正确选用被动语态中 be 动词的形式,在发明主题语境中，灵活运用语法知识完成口、书面表达 词汇速览 broaden /ˈbrɔːdn/ v. 使变宽，扩大（broad+en；broaden one's minds 开阔眼界） sharpen /ˈʃɑːpən/ v. 使锋利，削尖（sharp+en；sharpen pencils 削铅笔） wake /weɪk/ v. 醒来；唤醒（wake up 醒来/wake sb up 把某人叫醒；描述状态「醒着」用 awake） instruction /ɪnˈstrʌkʃn/ n. 操作说明（常用复数 instructions）；指示，指令（可数）；教导，讲授（不可数） （一）语境感知 · 三例读句找规律 【过渡语】三条句子三个粗体词，规律藏在里面。 Look at the pictures and read the sentences. Pay attention to the words in bold.（读句注意粗体词） ①In the old days, stone was difficult to transport, so many wooden houses were built.——wood+en＝wooden adj. 木制的（wood n. 木头；木材） ②Television can enrich people's lives and broaden their minds. It was one of the greatest inventions in the 20th century.——broad+en＝broaden v. 使变宽，扩大（broad adj. 宽的；宽阔的） ③Around 2000 BCE, woolen clothing appeared in China.——wool+en＝woolen adj. 羊毛的；毛线的（wool n. 羊毛；毛线） 【提示框】 先观察词性变化再谈规律：wooden/woolen 是形容词、broaden 是动词——同一个后缀，两种用途。 （二）语法精讲一 · 形容词+-en→动词 后缀 -en 读作 /ən/，可加在部分形容词、名词末尾，改变词性与词义。 规则一：形容词+-en→及物/不及物动词，含义「使……变得……；变得……」——wide→widen 拓宽；变宽、short→shorten 缩短；使变短、bright→brighten 使明亮；照亮。 ①作及物动词（后接宾语，主语使人/物发生变化）——Reading can deepen our understanding of history.（阅读加深我们对历史的理解） ②作不及物动词（不接宾语，事物自身变化）——The sky darkened before the heavy rain.（大雨来临前天色变暗） 【知识点】 形容词+-en 动词的及物性判断——有宾语是「使变化」（deepen our understanding），无宾语是「自身变化」（the sky darkened）；变化方向即词义（widen 拓宽/shorten 缩短）。 （三）语法精讲二 · 名词+-en→形容词 规则二：名词+-en→形容词，含义「由……制成的；具有……特质的」，多描述物品材质、外在特征——wood→wooden 木制的、wool→woolen 羊毛的、gold→golden 金色的；黄金般的。 例句：This woolen coat keeps people warm in winter.（羊毛外套保暖）／Ancient Chinese printers used wooden boards for block printing.（古代印刷工用木板雕版印刷） 【知识点】 名词+-en 形容词＝材质描述——wooden boards 木板、woolen clothing 毛纺衣物、golden ring 金戒指（golden 侧重颜色「金色的」，wooden/woolen 侧重材质）。 （四）操练一 · 构词填空四题 Make new words with the suffix -en and fill in the blanks with their correct forms.（词根：wood/short/wide/dark） ① At first, Chinese people used _________ boards to print books. ② The invention of movable type printing greatly improved printing quality and _________ printing time as well. ③ If you want to invent something, you need to _________ your knowledge. ④ When the sky began to __________, sailors had to depend on stars to find the right direction. 1. wooden（材质形容词修饰 boards）　2. shortened（并列谓语 improved...and shortened，过去式）　3. widen（need to+动词原形，及物接 knowledge）　4. darken（began to+动词原形，不及物自身变化） 四空：wood/short/wide/dark 的 -en 派生词 -en 构词填空 （五）操练二 · 替换练习两题 Read the sentences and replace the parts in bold with proper words.（用派生词替换粗体部分） ① In the past, pencils were sharpened by hand, but now pencils can be made sharp by using a small tool.→Pencils can be ______________ by using a small tool.（be made sharp→sharpen 的被动） ② I like the invention of the light bulb. It makes the world around us bright at night.→The light bulb _______________ the world around us at night.（makes...bright→brighten 三单） 1. sharpened（can be+过去分词，被动语态）　2. brightens（主语三单，一般现在时） 两空：①be...by using a tool　②It...the world （六）语境导入 · 对话感知被动语态 Pair work. Read the conversation. Pay attention to the passive voice of verbs.（读对话注意被动语态） 对话：Hi, Kangkang, why do you look so tired? You stayed up late last night, right?——Yes, I did. I was woken up by my mom too early this morning. I made a model rocket last night. It was made for the model rocket show this Sunday. 圈出两处被动：was woken up by my mom（被妈妈叫醒——执行者是 mom）；was made for the model rocket show（为展示而制作——突出承受者）。 （七）语法精讲三 · 被动语态定义与公式 【过渡语】第二主线登场——主语从「做事的人」变成「被做的事」。 主动语态：主语是动作的「执行者」（谁做这个动作）；被动语态：主语是动作的「承受者」（主语被别人做这个动作）。 使用场景：当不知道动作执行者、执行者不重要，或者想要突出被作用的人/物，多用被动语态。 通用公式：be+及物动词的过去分词（done）——be 动词随时态、主语单复数变化；过去分词不变。 【知识点】 被动公式口诀——be 管时态和单复数，done 永远不变；三用场景：不知道谁做的、谁做的不重要、要突出承受者。 （八）语法精讲四 · 一般现在/过去时被动 一般现在时被动语态：am/is/are+过去分词——Many old things are made by hand.（很多老物件是手工制作的）／This kind of paper is used for writing.（这种纸被用来书写） 一般过去时被动语态：was/were+过去分词——Paper-making was improved by Cai Lun.（造纸术被蔡伦改进）／Many great inventions were created in ancient China.（许多伟大的发明诞生于古代中国） 【提示框】 选 be 三步：定时态（现在 is/are、过去 was/were）→数主语（单数 is/was、复数 are/were）→核对过去分词不变。 两种时态被动结构 （九）语法精讲五 · 主动变被动三步 【过渡语】句型转换有固定路线，三步走完。 ①把主动句的宾语拿来作被动句的主语；②谓语改为 be+过去分词，注意时态、单复数，变换 be；③主动句原来的主语放在介词 by 后面构成 by+动作执行者——执行者不重要、泛指 people/someone 时直接省略 by 短语。 示例：主动 Cai Lun improved paper-making.→被动 Paper-making was improved by Cai Lun.（宾语 paper-making 升主语；improved→was improved；Cai Lun 落 by 后） 结构对照：主动＝主语+动词+宾语；被动＝主语+be+过去分词+by+宾语。 【知识点】 三步转换口诀——宾提前、变动词、by 收尾；省 by 两条件：执行者泛指（people/someone）或执行者不重要。 主动变被动三步 （十）操练三 · 表格填空四题 Complete the table and learn how to use the passive voice.（结构对照：do→am/is/are done；did→was/were done） ① The passport ______________ (discover) in the Lost and Found.（一般现在） ② Many art works _____________ (create) by young people today.（一般现在） ③ The airplane ___________ (invent) by the Wright brothers in 1903.（一般过去） ④ Clear instructions ____________ (prepare) to help the workers use the new machine.（一般过去） 1. is discovered（passport 单数）　2. are created（art works 复数）　3. was invented（1903 过去＋单数）　4. were prepared（instructions 复数过去） 四空：discover/create/invent/prepare 的被动形式 被动语态表格 （十一）操练四 · 语篇填空（Post-it Notes） 【过渡语】便利贴的诞生史，三种时态被动一次配齐。 Complete the text with the correct form of the given words.（补全便利贴诞生史语篇） Post-it Notes _____________ (develop) by Dr. Spencer Silver and Art Fry.（由两位博士研发）In 1968, Spencer invented a special type of glue by accident. This glue could allow things to stick lightly and to be pulled off easily. However, he did not know how to put it to use. In 1974, Art Fry found that the glue could ____________ (use) to keep the notes from falling and then created Post-it Notes.（could 后接 be used 保持被动） In 1977, Post-it Notes first appeared at the market and they became a great success in Boise, Idaho. Now, Post-it Notes ____________ (sell) all over the world.（现在时被动，复数） 1. were developed（Notes 复数，过去被动）　2. be used（could 情态动词后接 be+过去分词）　3. are sold（Now 现在，Notes 复数） 三空：develop/use/sell 的正确形式 Post-it Notes 语篇 （十二）词汇精讲一 · wake wake ▶v. 醒来；唤醒，使醒来：wake up 醒来——I usually wake up at seven.（通常七点醒）；wake sb up 把某人叫醒——Please wake me up at 6 tomorrow morning.（明早六点叫醒我） 词义辨析 wake/awake：表示动作「醒来、叫醒」日常多用 wake (up)；描述状态「醒着」用 awake——He woke up at five.（动作：5 点醒过来）vs He was awake at five.（状态：5 点时醒着） 【知识点】 wake 管动作（wake up/wake sb up）、awake 管状态（be awake/stay awake）；本课对话 I was woken up by my mom 即 wake 的被动式 woken up。 （十三）词汇精讲二 · instruction 【过渡语】一个三义的名词，说明书上天天见。 instruction ▶n.：①操作说明，使用指南（表产品机器的说明书操作步骤，常用复数 instructions，很少用单数）——Read the instructions before you use the machine.（用机器前先读操作说明）；②（可数）指示、指令——We received instructions to finish the work quickly.（收到尽快完成工作的指示）；③（不可数）教导，讲授——He gave instruction in history.（他讲授历史） 【提示框】 三义判定看语境——机器旁用复数 instructions（说明书）、上级下达用复数或单数（指示）、give instruction in+学科（讲授）。 （十四）随堂检测 · 单项选择 独立完成单项选择，再同桌核对并说出判断依据。 1. C（heavy rain 后天色变暗→darkened，不及物自身变化；widened 变宽/shortened 变短不合语境）　2. B（问句 Why is 现在时＋lamps 被照亮→are brightened 现在时被动复数；D 结构错误 was/were+过去分词）　3. C（stay+形容词表状态→stayed awake 醒着；wake 是动作动词不能接 stay） 1. The path ______ after heavy rain, so we had to stop hiking. A. widened　B. shortened　C. darkened　D. brightened 2. —Why is the room so bright? —All the lamps ______. A. brighten　B. are brightened　C. brightened　D. were brighten 3. He stayed ______ till midnight to finish his report. A. wake　B. woke　C. awake　D. woken （十五）随堂检测 · 根据中文句意补全句子 按中文句意补全英文句子，综合运用 -en 派生词与被动语态。 1. wooden；was built（材质形容词＋一般过去被动单数）　2. darkened；slowly（不及物动词＋副词修饰；原题两空为 darkened/slowly）　3. are；used（现在被动复数） 1. 这座古老的木屋是大约 800 年前建造的。 This old __________ house _________ _________ about 800 years ago. 2. 夜幕降临，天空慢慢变暗。 When night came, the sky _________ _________. 3. 这些手工制作的物品现在仍然被广泛使用。 These hand-made things _________ still _________ widely today. （十六）作业布置 Need to do：Finish the exercises about this lesson. Review the rules of suffix -en and passive voice.（完成练习；复习 -en 构词规则与被动语态） Choose to do：Write a short passage (80 words) about one ancient invention, using at least 3 passive sentences.（写 80 词古代发明短文，至少用 3 个被动句） 语言点归纳 课堂总结 本课为语法课，两条主线——后缀 -en 构词法与被动语态（一般现在时/一般过去时）。语境感知三例：In the old days, stone was difficult to transport, so many wooden houses were built.——wood+en＝wooden（adj. 木制的；wood n. 木头木材）；Television can enrich people's lives and broaden their minds. It was one of the greatest inventions in the 20th century.——broad+en＝broaden（v. 使变宽，扩大；broad adj. 宽的宽阔的）；Around 2000 BCE, woolen clothing appeared in China.——wool+en＝woolen（adj. 羊毛的毛线的；wool n. 羊毛毛线）。-en 规则一：形容词+-en→及物/不及物动词，含义「使……变得……；变得……」——wide→widen 拓宽变宽、short→shorten 缩短使变短、bright→brighten 使明亮照亮；①作及物动词（后接宾语，主语使人/物发生变化）——Reading can deepen our understanding of history.；②作不及物动词（不接宾语，事物自身变化）——The sky darkened before the heavy rain.。-en 规则二：名词+-en→形容词，含义「由……制成的；具有……特质的」，多描述物品材质与外在特征——wood→wooden 木制的、wool→woolen 羊毛的、gold→golden 金色的；例句 This woolen coat keeps people warm in winter.／Ancient Chinese printers used wooden boards for block printing.。构词填空四题（词根 wood/short/wide/dark）：wooden（At first, Chinese people used wooden boards to print books.）、shortened（The invention of movable type printing greatly improved printing quality and shortened printing time as well.）、widen（If you want to invent something, you need to widen your knowledge.）、darken（When the sky began to darken, sailors had to depend on stars to find the right direction.）。替换练习两空：Pencils can be sharpened by using a small tool.（pencils were sharpened by hand→sharpened）；The light bulb brightens the world around us at night.（makes the world bright→brightens，三单）。被动语态引入对话：I was woken up by my mom too early this morning.（被妈妈叫醒）／I made a model rocket last night. It was made for the model rocket show this Sunday.（模型火箭是为周日展示制作的）。被动语态定义：主动语态主语是动作的执行者，被动语态主语是动作的承受者；当不知道动作执行者、执行者不重要或想突出被作用的人/物时用被动语态；通用公式 be+及物动词的过去分词（done）——be 动词随时态、主语单复数变化，过去分词不变。一般现在时被动：am/is/are+过去分词——Many old things are made by hand.／This kind of paper is used for writing.；一般过去时被动：was/were+过去分词——Paper-making was improved by Cai Lun.／Many great inventions were created in ancient China.。主动变被动三步：①把主动句的宾语拿来作被动句的主语②谓语改为 be+过去分词（注意时态、单复数变换 be）③主动句原主语放 by 后构成 by+动作执行者，执行者不重要、泛指 people/someone 时省略 by 短语——Cai Lun improved paper-making.→Paper-making was improved by Cai Lun.。表格填空四空：The passport is discovered in the Lost and Found.／Many art works are created by young people today.／The airplane was invented by the Wright brothers in 1903.／Clear instructions were prepared to help the workers use the new machine.。语篇填空（Post-it Notes 便利贴诞生史）三空：Post-it Notes were developed by Dr. Spencer Silver and Art Fry.（1968 年 Spencer 偶然发明特殊胶水，可轻粘易撕下，但不知如何应用；1974 年 Art Fry 发现胶水 could be used to keep the notes from falling——can/could 后接 be used 保持被动）＋then created Post-it Notes；In 1977, Post-it Notes first appeared at the market and they became a great success in Boise, Idaho. Now, Post-it Notes are sold all over the world.。词汇二讲：wake（wake up 醒来——I usually wake up at seven.；wake sb up 把某人叫醒——Please wake me up at 6 tomorrow morning.；词义辨析 wake/awake——动作「醒来叫醒」日常多用 wake (up)，状态「醒着」用 awake：He woke up at five.（动作）vs He was awake at five.（状态））、instruction（①操作说明使用指南，常用复数 instructions——Read the instructions before you use the machine.；②可数指示指令——We received instructions to finish the work quickly.；③不可数教导讲授——He gave instruction in history.）。随堂检测：单项选择三题 C/B/C——heavy rain 后天色变暗用 darkened（不及物自身变化）、All the lamps are brightened（现在时被动，复数 are）、stayed awake till midnight（状态用 awake，wake 是动作动词）；补全句子五空——wooden；was built／darkened；slowly／are；used。作业：复习 -en 构词规则与被动语态；写 80 词古代发明短文至少用 3 个被动句。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $