精品解析：北京师范大学附属中学2026-2027学年高三上学期10月阶段检测英语试题

北京师大附中2026-2027学年（上）高三月考考试 英语试卷 班级/层：__________ 姓名：__________ 考生须知 1．本试卷有五道大题，共12页。考试时长90分钟，满分100分。 2．考生务必将答案填写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。 3．考试结束后，考生应将答题卡交回。 第一部分 知识运用（共两节，30分） 第一节 完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 It’s 4:30 a. m. and the lights are blazing at Food Forward’s warehouse. Forklifts whiz around the loading dock, pulling pallets of donated strawberries off one truck or pushing boxes of potatoes onto another headed to ____1____ people later in the day. Everything moves fast at Food Forward — a nonprofit devoted to giving away agricultural products that would ____2____ be wasted. Food Forward started 15 years ago. When wandering through his neighborhood, Rick Nahmias noticed all the ____3____ fruit on the trees and considered how he could make the best of them. “Why not give them to those in need?” Then Nahmias put an ad online, asking for volunteers to help him pick unwanted fruit for donation. Six people responded, but only one ____4____ at the first event. He persisted, and slowly, an initial core group formed. For the next ni ne months they’d gather on weekends, picking fruit and ____5____ them to local food banks. In October 2009, Nahmias was offered a $25,000 grant, enabling their weekend “fun” to become regular, which eventually contributed to a sustainable ____6____. Thus Food Forward was established. The nonprofit quickly expanded, collecting not only unwanted residential fruit but also millions of pounds of unsold ____7____ from farmers markets and wholesale sellers. In 2023, it ____8____ 87 million pounds to feed the starving people. Today, Food Forward has 50 employees and 2,000 volunteers. People want to work here. Every morning, warehouse manager, drivers and vendors greet each other by name, usually with handshakes that end in hugs. This kind of ____9____ is a large part of why Food Forward has been so successful. “_____10_____ the abundance” is not just a slogan; it’s a way of life. We all have abundance; we just need to find out what it is, and give it. 1. A. needy B. willing C. demanding D. greedy 2. A. then B. instead C. otherwise D. still 3. A. fresh B. unpicked C. unripe D. tasty 4. A. set off B. pulled in C. missed out D. showed up 5. A. showing B. selling C. delivering D. recommending 6. A. investment B. plan C. lifestyle D. organization 7. A. meals B. produce C. clothing D. materials 8. A. grew B. ordered C. traded D. distributed 9. A. credit B. procedure C. relationship D. strategy 10. A. Share B. Harvest C. Create D. Keep 【答案】1. A 2. C 3. B 4. D 5. C 6. D 7. B 8. D 9. C 10. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述Rick Nahmias成立非营利组织Food Forward，把那些原本会浪费的农产品送给有需要的人。 【1题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：叉车在装卸码头上呼啸而过，从一辆卡车上卸下捐赠的草莓托盘，或将一箱箱土豆推到另一辆车上，当天晚些时候运往有需要的人手中。A. needy贫困的，缺乏生活必需品的；B. willing愿意的；C. demanding苛求的；D. greedy贪婪的。由下文“those in need”和“feed the starving people”可知，这里指把这些农产品给“缺乏生活必需品的”人，即有需求的人。故选A项。 【2题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：Food Forward是一家非营利组织，致力于捐赠原本会被浪费的农产品。A. then然后；B. instead相反；C. otherwise否则；D. still仍然。由下文“unwanted fruit”可知，这些都是不捐赠的话，“否则”就会被原主人抛弃浪费的农产品。故选C项。 【3题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当Rick Nahmias在附近闲逛时，他注意到树上所有未摘的水果，并考虑如何充分利用它们。A. fresh新鲜的；B. unpicked未摘过的；C. unripe未成熟的；D. tasty美味的。由下文“pick unwanted fruit”可知，这里指Rick Nahmias注意到树上所有“未摘的”，即主人不要的水果。故选B项。 【4题详解】 考查动词词组辨析。句意：六个人做出了回应，但只有一个人出现在第一次活动中。A. set off出发；B. pulled in吸引；C. missed out遗漏；D. showed up出现。由上文“Six people responded”以及but表转折可知，这里指但只有一个人“出现”帮忙。故选D项。 【5题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在接下来的几个月里，他们会在周末聚会，摘水果并把它们送到当地的食品银行。A. showing显示；B. selling卖；C. delivering交付，运送；D. recommending推荐。由下文“to local food banks”以及语境可知，这里指把水果“运送”到当地的食品银行。故选C项。 【6题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：2009年10月，Nahmias获得了25000美元的资助，使他们的周末“乐趣”成为常态，最终促成了可持续发展的组织。 A. investment投资；B. plan计划；C. lifestyle生活方式；D. organization组织。由下文“Thus Food Forward was established”可知，这里指最终促成一个可持续发展的“组织”。故选D项。 【7题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：该非营利组织迅速扩张，不仅收集了不需要的住宅水果，还从农贸市场和批发商那里收集了数百万磅未售出的农产品。A. meals餐；B. produce产品，农产品；C. clothing服装；D. materials材料。由上文“boxes of potatoes”，可知，该组织除了收水果，还收其它“农产品”。故选B项。 【8题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：2023年，它分发了8700万磅来养活饥饿的人们。A. grew长大；B. ordered命令；C. traded交易；D. distributed分配。由上文“Why not give them to those in need?”以及语境可知，这里指2023年该组织共“分配”很多农场品给需要的人。故选D项。 【9题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种关系是Food Forward如此成功的重要原因。A. credit信用卡；B. procedure程序；C. relationship关系；D. strategy策略。由上文“Every morning, warehouse manager, drivers and vendors greet each other by name, usually with handshakes that end in hugs.”可知，这里指大家合作且和睦的“关系”是Food Forward成功的原因。故选C项。 【10题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：“分享富足”不仅仅是一句口号；这是一种生活方式。我们都有富足；我们只需要找出它是什么，并分享它。 A. Share分享；B. Harvest收获；C. Create创建；D. Keep保持。由上文“pick unwanted fruit for donation”以及语境可知，这里指“分享”所富足的东西。故选A项。 第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Ana was inspired after reading about kids ____11____ (face) hardships in a nearby community. It saddened her to learn that they lacked some basic necessities like books. “It made me think how I would feel if my world did not have books in it,” she said. Ana was just ten years old when she ____12____ (start) an organization called Just 1 Book. To date, she ____13____ (collect) around half a million books. 【答案】11. facing 12. started 13. has collected 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了Ana为何创办“just 1 Book”这一组织。 【11题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：安娜在阅读了附近社区的孩子们面临的困难后受到了启发。空格处应该用非谓语动词作定语，修饰空格前的名词kids，动词face与名词kids之间是主动关系，所以应该用现在分词facing作定语。故填facing。 【12题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：安娜在10岁时创办了一个名为“just 1 Book”的组织。空格处是时间状语从句的谓语动词，根据主句Ana was just ten years old可知，从句描述过去发生的事，应该用一般过去时。故填started。 【13题详解】 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，她已经收集了大约50万本书。空格处是句子的谓语动词，根据时间状语to date可知，应该用现在完成时；主语是she，助动词用has。故填has collected。 B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Smartphones are very useful and often we can’t imagine life ____14____ them. But they could be harmful as well. We surveyed 1,065 students ____15____ (determine) if smartphone addiction affects sleep. We identified a strong ____16____ (connect) between smartphone addiction and poor sleep. There is also an association between addiction and using your phone late at night. The amount of time ____17____ (spend) on your phone is not enough to suggest addiction. But combining that with the latest time you use your phone can be a good indicator. 【答案】14. without 15. to determine 16. connection 17. spent 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了智能手机成瘾与睡眠之间的关系。 【14题详解】 考查介词。句意：智能手机非常有用，我们常常无法想象没有它们的生活。此处表示“没有智能手机的生活”，用介词without符合语境。故填without。 【15题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：我们调查了1065名学生，以确定智能手机成瘾是否会影响睡眠。句中用不定式作目的状语，表示“为了确定”。故填to determine。 【16题详解】 考查名词。句意：我们发现了智能手机成瘾和睡眠质量差之间的密切联系。形容词strong后接名词形式connection，作identified宾语。根据不定冠词a可知，用名词的单数形式。故填connection。 【17题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：花在手机上的时间不足以说明上瘾。句中已有谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词。名词time与spend之间为逻辑上的被动关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语。故填spent。 C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Years ago, when I was beginning my journey as an animal communicator, I was working as staff at a wildlife rescue organization. It was ____18____ (extreme) hard work. I ____19____ (challenge) to reach beyond my limits. I encountered all sorts of animals. They all showed me what we can learn from animals in their own ways, such as a tiny mouse ____20____ bravery changed my life forever. 【答案】18. extremely 19. was challenged 20. whose 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。作者讲述在野生动物救援组织工作的经历，工作艰苦且面临挑战，其间各种动物让作者学到很多，一只小老鼠的勇敢更改变其人生。 【18题详解】 考查副词。句意：这是极其艰苦的工作。分析句子可知，此处需用副词修饰形容词hard，extreme的副词形式为extremely。故填extremely。 【19题详解】 考查时态和语态。句意：我被挑战着超越自己的极限。这里考查谓语动词，句子主语I和challenge之间是被动关系，且讲述的是过去的事情，应用一般过去时的被动语态was/were done，主语为I，be 动词用was。故填was challenged。 【20题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：它们都以自己的方式向我展示了我们可以从动物身上学到什么，比如一只小老鼠，它的勇敢永远改变了我的生活。分析句子可知，“____ bravery changed my life forever”是定语从句，先行词为mouse，关系词在从句中作定语，修饰bravery，表所属关系，应用whose。故填whose。 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，38分） 第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A The University of Macau (UM) warmly welcomes exchange students from its global partner institutions to experience academic life in our unique cultural environment. As an incoming exchange student, you’ll have the opportunity to study for one or two semesters without paying tuition fees, while earning credits that can be transferred back to your home institution. To begin the application process, you must first be officially nominated (提名) by your home institution’s exchange office, as UM doesn’t accept direct applications from individuals. The nomination package should include documents that showcase your academic background and study plans. These should be official English transcripts demonstrating your GPA, a detailed course selection form outlining your proposed studies at UM, a thoughtful personal statement explaining your motivation for joining the program, and at least one recommendation letter from a faculty member at your home university. For postgraduate students interested in research-based programs, an additional research project proposal is required. Once nominated, you will receive access to UM’s online application system where you can complete your registration. This digital process requires you to submit a passport-sized photo, and copies of your identification documents. It’s particularly important for you to complete this application by deadline, as late submissions may affect your ability to pre-select courses. Upon arriving, you need to complete several important registration steps. These include submitting a medical examination form, and additional passport photos for various administrative purposes. The university provides detailed guidance to help you navigate these requirements, ensuring you can focus on making the most of your experience in Macao. For more information, please visit our official exchange program website or come to the school for consultation. 21. Which is the first step for students to begin the application? A. Getting nomination from their institutions. B. Obtaining one recommendation letter. C. Preparing their official transcripts. D. Designing a research proposal. 22. What are students required to do in the online application step? A. To upload photos of different sizes. B. To explore the course options at UM. C. To submit copies of identification files. D. To transfer their previous credits to UM. 23. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To promote the exchange program. B. To attract students to visit the university. C. To introduce the university website. D. To inform students of the registration steps. 【答案】21. A 22. C 23. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了澳门大学欢迎全球合作院校交换生，免学费且学分可转回本校。文章介绍申请需先获院校提名、提交材料，再完成线上注册，抵校后还有注册步骤，可查官网或到校咨询。 【21题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“To begin the application process, you must first be officially nominated (提名) by your home institution’s exchange office, as UM doesn’t accept direct applications from individuals.(要开始申请流程，你首先必须获得你所在院校国际交流办公室的正式提名，因为我校不接受个人直接申请)”可知，对于学生而言，申请流程的第一步是获得所在院校的推荐。故选A。 【22题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“Once nominated, you will receive access to UM’s online application system where you can complete your registration. This digital process requires you to submit a passport-sized photo, and copies of your identification documents.(一旦获得提名，你将能够登澳门大学的在线申请系统完成注册。这个数字化流程要求你上传一张护照尺寸的照片，并提供你的身份证明文件的复印件)”可知，在在线申请环节中，学生们需要提交身份证明文件的复印件。故选C。 【23题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段The University of Macau （UM） warmly welcomes exchange students from its global partner institutions to experience academic life in our unique cultural environment.As an incoming exchange student，you'll have the opportunity to study for one or two semesters without paying tuition fees，while earning credits that can be transferred back to your home institution"（澳门大学热烈欢迎来自全球合作院校的交换生，在我们独特的文化环境中体验学术生活。作为一名即将入学的交换生，你将有机会免费学习一到两个学期，同时所获得的学分可转回你所在的院校），后文又依次介绍了申请流程、在线申请要求及到校后的注册步骤，最后还提供了咨询方式，整体旨在推广澳门大学的交换项目。故选A。 B In early 2023, I set out on a voyage to the Galápagos Islands. It was on Floreana Island’s windswept shore that I encountered a weathered whisky barrel (桶) — the legendary Post Office Bay mailbox. It was first used by sailors in 1793 to send mail back home: they would leave a letter and take any addressed to their next port of call to deliver them by hand. It’s still used by tourists. People will leave a letter and take one that they are able to hand-deliver to their next destination. The barrel was full with postcards waiting for delivery. I took a couple home and delivered them with delight: one to a teacher from her pupil, and another from a girl to her boyfriend. The recipients were incredibly grateful. Weeks later, I couldn’t stop thinking about the letters. Then I thought what if I spent a year delivering more letters from that postbox? I realized I could keep my remote job, and at the same time travel the world delivering post, using air miles and working along the way. By March 2024, I returned to Galápagos. I picked out 55 letters and postcards that covered a large geographic area. aimed to deliver one a week, covering at least 52 countries and spanning all seven continents. I’m 52 and very outgoing, but I’m aware that nowadays people are cautious of speaking to one another. Delivery letter number 50, in Bergen, Norway, I almost got arrested. The lady who answered the door didn’t believe my story and mistook my selfie stick for a weapon, so she called the police. I had to show the officers my GPS location history to prove what I was doing, and we all ended up laughing together. My favorite delivery was letter eight, in Mexico City, from a daughter to her mother, thanking her for letting her follow her dreams. The mother had been very ill, and her daughter wanted to come home from her travels to look after her, but she insisted her daughter should continue with her trip. I’m still in touch with both of them. When I finished my challenge in March this year, I held a party in London and invited everyone I’d met along the way. People came from all over the world. I was so touched and humbled. I’ve made friends for life. 24. How was mail delivered at Post Office Bay in the 18th century? A. By regular local messengers. B. By sailors stationed on the islands. C. By private postal service on the islands. D. By hand-delivery to the next destination. 25. The author decided to return to Galapagos because she ________. A. was assigned to handle some remote work B. was concerned about the delivery of the letters C. intended to use her air miles before the deadline D. wanted to check the letters in the deserted barrel 26. Which words can best describe the author according to the passage? A. Positive and curious. B. Determined and caring. C. Passionate but serious. D. Brave but introverted. 【答案】24. D 25. B 26. B 【解析】 【导语】文章讲述了2023年初作者在加拉帕戈斯群岛发现传统邮桶后，返岛选了55封信件，计划一年递送至多地，过程有波折也有温暖，最终完成挑战并收获挚友。 【24题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“It was first used by sailors in 1793 to send mail back home: they would leave a letter and take any addressed to their next port of call to deliver them by hand. (1793年，水手们首次用它往家里寄信：他们会留下一封信，然后带走任何收件地址为他们下一个停靠港的信件亲手递送。)”可知，18世纪邮局湾的邮件通过“亲手递送到下一个目的地”的方式传递。 【25题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“Weeks later, I couldn’t stop thinking about the letters. Then I thought what if I spent a year delivering more letters from that postbox? (几周之后，我再也无法停止思考那些信件的事。于是我想，如果我花一年的时间去投递那个邮筒里更多的信件，那会怎么样呢？)”以及第四段“By March 2024, I returned to Galápagos I picked out 55 letters and postcards that covered a large geographic area. (到2024年3月，我回到了加拉帕戈斯群岛。我挑选出了55封信件和明信片，这些信件和明信片涵盖了广阔的地理区域。)”可知，作者决定返回加拉帕戈斯群岛，因为她担心信件的寄送问题。 【26题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“By March 2024, I returned to Galápagos I picked out 55 letters and postcards that covered a large geographic area. I aimed to deliver one a week, covering at least 52 countries and spanning all seven continents. (到2024年3月，我回到了加拉帕戈斯群岛。我挑选了55封信件和明信片，它们涵盖了广阔的地理区域。我的目标是每周寄出一封，覆盖至少52个国家，并跨越七大洲。)”可知，作者每周寄出一封信，覆盖至少52个国家，并跨越七大洲，说明其坚定；根据倒数第二段“My favourite delivery was letter eight, in Mexico City, from a daughter to her mother, thanking her for letting her follow her dreams. The mother had been very ill, and her daughter wanted to come home from her travels to look after her, but she insisted her daughter should continue with her trip. I’m still in touch with both of them. (我最喜欢的信件是第八封，来自墨西哥城的一位女儿寄给母亲的信，信中女儿感谢母亲允许她追寻自己的梦想。母亲当时病得很重，而女儿本想结束旅行回家照顾母亲，但她坚持让女儿继续旅行。我至今仍与她们两人保持着联系。)”可知，作者用心递送每一封信（如墨西哥城女儿写给母亲的感谢信）、与收信人保持联系，说明其体贴。 C For decades, scientists hypothesized that cognitively demanding tasks, such as writing or solving math problems, require more energy than easier tasks like scrolling short videos on the phone or looking out of the window. However, recent research proves the view wrong. Our brains perform massively complex and metabolically costly computations all day long. “Whether you’ re engaged in a cognitively demanding task at work, or you’ re staring off into space, your brain is using roughly the same amount of energy,” says neuroscientist Todd Braver of Washington University in St. Louis. In fact, what feels more challenging is when a task requires the brain to go against its usual habits. Cognitively demanding work often requires the coordination (协作) of many different brain regions in novel patterns, while silencing circuits that frequently fire together. Studies have found that pushing against our brain’s habits triggers an emotional response, making us feel uncomfortable. “It’s aversive, and it just feels bad,” says Michael Inzlicht, a psychologist from the University of Toronto. But he points out that emotional responses are subjective: They are interpretations of sensations in our bodies and brains. And we can influence how much we pay attention to these sensations and even how we interpret them. We often overestimate the struggle and pain required to complete cognitive tasks. This initial overestimation can lead us to procrastinate, or even avoid the task altogether. Studies suggest that if we can get past that initial hurdle of starting a task, then thinking becomes easier. One way to do that is to pay attention to the benefits instead of the efforts required. In a study published in the journal Science in 2020, Andrew Westbrook, a neuroscientist at Rutgers University, and his colleagues gave participants the choice of solving an easy memory puzzle for a small amount of money or a much harder puzzle for more money. The options were displayed on a screen, and participants’ eye movements were tracked as they decided which puzzle to attempt. When people spent more time looking at the reward for the challenging puzzle, they were more likely to choose it. If our mind’s eye, or our attentional focus, is on the benefits of an option, over time we’ re more likely to choose to do hard things. Performing complex mental tasks will also be less painful if the exertion of mental effort is habitized. When we don’t have to make a decision to focus every day, we will save ourselves considering the costs or consequences. To make cognitively demanding tasks a habit, try to do them every day at the same time and in the same place. Add a ritual before the work starts, such as turning off the phone and launching an app to block distracting websites. After a few weeks, concentrating deeply won’t just feel easier; it will actually be easier. 27. People may feel certain cognitive task demanding because of ________. A. more brain energy consumption B. the complexity of computations C. the higher level of difficulty D. new coordination of brain parts 28. The author quotes the 2020 study mainly to ________ . A. support a solution B. present a case C. analyze the causes D. challenge an assumption 29. What can be inferred from the passage? A. Overestimation promotes efficiency. B. Personal perception determines motivation. C. Focusing on rewards enhances performance. D. Brain counteraction triggers positive emotions. 30. Which of the following can make mental work feel easier? A. Receiving continuous support when feeling down. B. Seeking professional help when meeting a deadline. C. Reading thick literary classics for twenty minutes daily. D. Breaking down a challenging project into smaller tasks. 【答案】27. D 28. A 29. B 30. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了关于认知任务与大脑能量消耗、习惯及注意力之间的关系，以及如何通过改变习惯和提高注意力来更轻松地完成认知任务。 【27题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“In fact, what feels more challenging is when a task requires the brain to go against its usual habits. Cognitively demanding work often requires the coordination (协作) of many different brain regions in novel patterns, while silencing circuits that frequently fire together. (事实上，当一项任务要求大脑违背其通常的习惯时，就会感觉更具挑战性。认知要求高的工作往往需要许多不同的大脑区域以新的模式进行协调，同时使经常一起兴奋的神经回路沉默。)”可知，人们可能会觉得某些认知任务要求很高，是因为这些任务需要大脑各部分之间新的协调。故选D项。 【28题详解】 推理判断题。第四段首“Studies suggest that if we can get past that initial hurdle of starting a task, then thinking becomes easier. One way to do that is to pay attention to the benefits instead of the efforts required. (研究表明，如果我们能克服开始一项任务的最初障碍，那么思考就会变得更容易。做到这一点的一种方法是关注收益，而不是需要付出的努力。)”提出解决问题的方案，根据下文“In a study published in the journal Science in 2020, Andrew Westbrook, a neuroscientist at Rutgers University, and his colleagues gave participants the choice of solving an easy memory puzzle for a small amount of money or a much harder puzzle for more money. The options were displayed on a screen, and participants’ eye movements were tracked as they decided which puzzle to attempt. When people spent more time looking at the reward for the challenging puzzle, they were more likely to choose it. If our mind’s eye, or our attentional focus, is on the benefits of an option, over time we’ re more likely to choose to do hard things. (在2020年发表在《科学》杂志上的一项研究中，罗格斯大学的神经科学家安德鲁·韦斯特布鲁克和他的同事让参与者选择解决一个简单的记忆谜题来获得少量的钱，或者解决一个更难的谜题来获得更多的钱。这些选项显示在屏幕上，当参与者决定尝试哪个谜题时，他们的眼球运动被跟踪。当人们花更多时间观察挑战性谜题的奖励时，他们更有可能选择它。如果我们的大脑或注意力集中在一个选择的好处上，随着时间的推移，我们更有可能选择做困难的事情。)”可知，作者引用2020年的这一研究来说明段首提出的解决方案是可行，即关注好处可以促使我们选择去做困难的事情。故选A项。 【29题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中“We often overestimate the struggle and pain required to complete cognitive tasks. This initial overestimation can lead us to procrastinate, or even avoid the task altogether. (我们经常高估完成认知任务所需要经历的困难和痛苦。这种最初的高估会导致我们拖延，甚至完全避免这项任务。)”可推知，个人对认知任务的感知会影响其动力，即个人感知决定动力。故选B项。 【30题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Performing complex mental tasks will also be less painful if the exertion of mental effort is habitized. When we don’t have to make a decision to focus every day, we will save ourselves considering the costs or consequences. To make cognitively demanding tasks a habit, try to do them every day at the same time and in the same place. (如果精神努力的付出成为一种习惯，那么执行复杂的脑力任务也不会那么痛苦。当我们不必每天都做出专注的决定时，我们就会省去考虑成本或后果的麻烦。为了让认知要求高的任务成为一种习惯，试着每天在同一时间、同一地点做这些事情。)”可知，让精神工作感觉更容易的方法就是让其成为习惯。故选C项。 D The age of artificial intelligence has begun, and it brings plenty of anxieties. Almost all of the conversations about risk have to do with the potential consequences of AI systems pursuing goals that depart from what they were programmed to do and that are not in the interests of humans. But this is only one side of the danger. Imagine what could unfold if AI does do what humans want. “What humans want,” of course, isn’t a monolith. Different people have countless ideas of what constitutes “the greater good.” Even if we could get everyone to focus on the well-being of the entire human species, it’s unlikely we’d be able to agree on what that might look like. That seems to be the reason that DeepMind recently founded an internal organization focused on AI safety and preventing its manipulation by bad actors. But it’s not ideal that what’s “bad” is going to be determined by a handful of individuals at this one particular corporation — complete with their blind spots and personal and cultural biases (偏见). The potential problem goes beyond humans harming other humans. What’s “good” for humanity has, many times throughout history, come at the expense of other sentient (有知觉力的) beings. Such is the situation today. In the US alone, we have billions of animals kept in confinement, subjected to cruel treatment, and denial of their basic psychological and physiological needs at any given time. Entire species are dominated and systemically butchered so that we can have omelets, burgers and shoes. If AI does exactly what “we” want it to, that would likely mean enacting this mass cruelty more efficiently, at an even greater scale and with more automation and fewer opportunities for sympathetic humans to step in and flag anything particularly horrifying. A better goal than aligning AI with humanity’ s immediate interests would be what I would call “sentient alignment” — AI acting in accordance with the interests of all sentient beings, including humans, all other animals and, should it exist, sentient AI. This will strike some as aggressive, because what’s good for all sentient life might not always agree with what’s good for humankind. It might sometimes, even often, be in opposition to what humans want or what would be best for the greatest number of us. Peter Singer, a philosopher, argued that an AI system’s ultimate goals and priorities are more important than it being aligned with humans. “The question is really whether this super intelligent AI is going to be benevolent and want to produce a better world,” Singer said, “and even if we don’t control it, it still will produce a better world in which our interests will get taken into account.” I’m with Singer on this. Decentering humankind to any extent, and especially to this extreme, is an idea that will challenge people. But that’s necessary if we’re to prevent our current belief from spreading in new and awful ways. 31. The author mentions the organization founded by DeepMind to __________. A. question a solution B. clarify a belief C. illustrate an example D. explain a practice 32. Which of the following can best present the idea of “sentient alignment”? A. AI extends the same rights to living beings. B. AI promotes the interaction among species. C. AI benefits from the development of humans. D. AI meets the demands of perceptive creatures. 33. What does the underlined word “benevolent” in Paragraph 7 probably mean? A. Ambitious. B. Generous. C. Resourceful. D. Competitive. 34. The author’s major concern in developing AI is that __________. A. AI poses a threat to the world B. society’s morals are in decline C. humans prioritize their own needs D. sentient beings deepen cultural biases 【答案】31. A 32. D 33. B 34. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了人工智能(AI)的发展以及人类应如何设定AI的终极目标和优先级，提出了“有知觉力的协调”这一概念，即AI应符合所有有知觉力生物的利益，而不仅仅是人类的利益。 【31题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中“That seems to be the reason that DeepMind recently founded an internal organization focused on AI safety and preventing its manipulation by bad actors. But it’s not ideal that what’s ‘bad’ is going to be determined by a handful of individuals at this one particular corporation — complete with their blind spots and personal and cultural biases (偏见). (这似乎就是DeepMind最近成立一个内部组织的原因，该组织专注于AI安全，并防止其被不良行为者操纵。但由这家特定公司的少数几个人来决定什么是“坏”的并不理想——他们也有自己的盲点以及个人和文化偏见)”可知，作者提到DeepMind成立的组织，是为了质疑这种由少数人决定AI“好坏”的解决方案。故选A项。 【32题详解】 细节理解题。根据第六段中“A better goal than aligning AI with humanity’ s immediate interests would be what I would call ‘sentient alignment’ — AI acting in accordance with the interests of all sentient beings, including humans, all other animals and, should it exist, sentient AI. (一个比将AI与人类眼前利益相一致更好的目标是我所称的“有知觉力的协调”——即AI的行为符合所有有知觉力生物的利益，包括人类、所有其他动物，以及如果存在的话，有知觉力的AI)”可知，“有知觉力的协调”指的是AI应满足所有有知觉力生物的需求。故选D项。 【33题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“and want to produce a better world(并想要创造一个更好的世界)”可推知，“仁慈的，善良的”人工智能才会想要创造一个更好的世界，划线词benevolent与generous意思相近，意为“宽宏大量的，仁慈的”。故选B项。 【34题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其结合最后一段中“Decentering humankind to any extent, and especially to this extreme, is an idea that will challenge people. But that’s necessary if we’re to prevent our current belief from spreading in new and awful ways. (在任何程度上，尤其是极端程度上，将人类置于中心之外，都是一个将挑战人们的想法。但如果我们想要阻止我们当前的信念以新的、可怕的方式传播，这是必要的)”可知，文章指出人们关注人工智能按自身目标行事的风险，阐述了若人工智能按人类意愿可能带来大规模残忍情况，进而提出要考虑所有有知觉力生物利益的 “有知觉力的协调” 概念，都在强调不能只关注人类自身需求，要避免人类只优先考虑自己需求而忽视其他有知觉力生物的情况，即担心的是人类在发展AI时过于优先考虑自己的需求，而忽视了其他有知觉力生物的利益。故选C项。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Many people think a good learner must keep steady focus. Yet new studies show the opposite. When the mind gently drifts, it can still absorb facts. More importantly, it can connect them in fresh ways. This process, called inferential learning, lets us go beyond the given facts and reach new conclusions. ___35___ Mind-drifting gives the brain extra time. Suppose a student hears that plants bend toward light. ___36___ Neurons repeat the pattern without effort. This hidden rehearsal strengthens memory traces and keeps the door open for later links. Drifting invites remote associations. During a break, the same student may recall her kitchen window, where the basil plant leans each morning. Two scenes—classroom and kitchen—meet in her mind. From this mix she may infer that light direction, not just sunlight itself, guides plant growth. ___37___ However, focused study rarely allows such loose pairing of places and times. A wandering mind tests rules in private. While the teacher moves to the next topic, the student's thoughts may run a quick test: "If the light comes from below, will the stem still bend up?" ___38___ These quiet experiments sharpen understanding and prepare the learner for real tests later. ___39___ They forget that controlled wandering is not the same as chaos. Learners can set soft borders: after twenty minutes of hard work, they allow five minutes of gentle drift. In this window, the mind roams but stays near the topic. The result is deeper insight without lost time. A. Critics may say distraction wastes time. B. Mind-wandering breaks cognitive barriers. C. No lab is needed; the brain runs a silent model. D. This random access generates innovative ideas. E. The leap is small, but it is new knowledge built on her own. F. A wandering mind, it turns out, is a quiet helper in this work. G. While her eyes look out of the window, her brain keeps the idea alive. 【答案】35. F 36. G 37. E 38. C 39. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了心不在焉（mind-drifting）在学习过程中的积极作用，包括给大脑额外时间、引发远程联想、在内心测试规则等，同时也回应了一些对心不在焉会浪费时间的批评。 【35题详解】 根据上文“More importantly, it can connect them in fresh ways. This process, called inferential learning, lets us go beyond the given facts and reach new conclusions.(更重要的是，它能以全新的方式将它们联系起来。这个过程被称为推理学习，它让我们超越既定事实，得出新的结论)” 可知，此处强调心不在焉在学习过程中的作用，F选项“事实证明，心不在焉在这项工作中是一个默默的帮手” 符合语境，其中 “this work” 指代前文的推理学习。故选F。 【36题详解】 根据上文“Mind-drifting gives the brain extra time. Suppose a student hears that plants bend toward light.(心不在焉给大脑额外的时间。假设一个学生听到植物向光弯曲)” 以及下文 “Neurons repeat the pattern without effort.(神经元会不费力气地重复这个模式)” 可知，此处应描述学生在听到这个知识后心不在焉时大脑的状态，G 选项 “当她的眼睛望向窗外时，她的大脑仍在想着这个想法” 符合语境，体现了心不在焉时大脑对知识的持续思考，故选G。 【37题详解】 根据上文 “From this mix she may infer that light direction, not just sunlight itself, guides plant growth.(从这种融合中，她可能会推断出，引导植物生长的不仅仅是阳光本身，还有光的方向)” 可知，此处应阐述这个推断的意义，E 选项 “这个飞跃虽小，但却是她自己构建的新知识” 符合语境，故选E。 【38题详解】 根据上文“While the teacher moves to the next topic, the student’s thoughts may run a quick test: “If the light comes from below, will the stem still bend up?”(当老师进入下一个话题时，学生的思绪可能会快速进行一个测试：“如果光从下面来，茎还会向上弯曲吗？”)”以及下文“These quiet experiments sharpen understanding and prepare the learner for real tests later.(这些无声的思考实验深化了理解，为学习者日后应对真实考验做好准备)” 可知，此处应描述学生在内心进行这个测试的特点，C 选项 “不需要实验室；大脑运行着一个无声的模型” 符合语境，呼应下文，故选C。 【39题详解】 根据下文“They forget that controlled wandering is not the same as chaos.(他们忘记了有控制的走神和混乱是不一样的)” 可知，此处应是有人对心不在焉提出了负面看法，A 选项 “批评者可能会说分心浪费时间” 符合语境，引出后文对这种看法的回应，故选A。 第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32分） 第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 Growing up, I idealised independence. I always wanted my own efforts to be enough. When I decided to pursue a postgraduate degree, I wanted to develop a novel research programme and quickly establish myself as an independent scientist. But I was unrealistically optimistic about what I could achieve. As I began designing experiments, my committee members warned me about the challenges I would face. But my need for independence drove me to push forward with my research plan. As a result, the first four years of my postgraduate career were defined by a series of failures. During my second year, I failed my comprehensive exam because my proposal was unclear. During my third year, I discovered that after treating thousands of seeds, I obtained just one plant I could use for experiments. By my fourth year, my desperation to succeed overshadowed my desire for independence. My adviser and I devised (想出) a somewhat unusual solution: I would spend three months in a collaborating (合作的) lab to obtain specialised training. I worked extensively with other students, constantly asked questions, and helped with ongoing projects to learn everything I could. Finally, I conducted an elegant experiment that would not have been possible without the help of the members in the lab. My adviser saw this experience as a groundbreaking success, emphasising the collaborating skills I acquired. A few months later, when I repeated the experiment in my home lab, I produced more publishable data. By learning when to ask for help, I eventually found myself on the way to becoming an independent scientist. 40. In the beginning, what drove the author to push forward with the research plan? _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 41. What was the solution by the adviser and the author after those repeated failures? _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. > The adviser considered the author’s experience in the lab a groundbreaking success because publishable data had been produced. _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 43. From this story, what can you learn about “independence”? (In about 40 words) _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】40. The need to be recognized as an independent scientist. 41. The author would spend three months in a collaborating lab to obtain specialised training. 42. The adviser considered the author’s experience in the lab a groundbreaking success because publishable data had been produced. It is because the author had acquired the collaborating skills by working with others there so that the adviser considered the author’s experience in the lab a groundbreaking success. 43. In the story, success in becoming an independent scientist was ultimately achieved through collaboration, adaptive learning, and resilience in the face of setbacks. From the story, we learn that while independence is initially idealised and pursued passionately, true independence often involves recognizing the value of collaboration and learning than to seek help. (答案言之有理即可) 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者在追求科学研究的独立过程中遇到的挑战、失败、学习和成长的故事。 【40题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第二段“As I began designing experiments, my committee members warned me about the challenges I would face. But my need for independence drove me to push forward with my research plan. (当我开始设计实验时，我的委员会成员警告我，我将面临的挑战。但是我对独立的需求驱使我推进我的研究计划)”可知，一开始，是作者对独立的需求驱使作者推进这个研究计划。故答案为：The need to be recognized as an independent scientist. 【41题详解】 考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段“My adviser and I devised (想出) a somewhat unusual solution: I would spend three months in a collaborating (合作的) lab to obtain specialised training. (我的导师和我想出了一个有点不同寻常的解决方案：我将在一个合作实验室里待上三个月，接受专门培训)”可知，在反复的失败之后，导师和作者的解决方案是，作者将花三个月的时间在合作实验室接受专门培训。故答案为：The author would spend three months in a collaborating lab to obtain specialised training. 【42题详解】 考查细节理解。根据最后一段“My adviser saw this experience as a groundbreaking success, emphasising the collaborating skills I acquired. A few months later, when I repeated the experiment in my home lab, I produced more publishable data.(我的导师认为这段经历是一次开创性的成功，强调了我获得的合作技能。几个月后，当我在家里的实验室里重复这个实验时，我得到了更多可发表的数据)”可知，导师认为作者在实验室的经历是一次开创性的成功，这是因为作者通过与他人合作获得了合作技能，而不是因为产生了可发表的数据。故答案：The adviser considered the author’s experience in the lab a groundbreaking success because publishable data had been produced. It is because the author had acquired the collaborating skills by working with others there so that the adviser considered the author’s experience in the lab a groundbreaking success. 【43题详解】 开放性问题。答案言之有理即可。通读全文可知，作者成为一名独立科学家的成功最终是通过合作、适应性学习和面对挫折的韧性来实现的。从这个故事中，我们了解到，虽然独立最初是理想化的，并被热情地追求，但真正的独立往往包括认识到合作的价值，并学会何时寻求帮助。故答案为：In the story, success in becoming an independent scientist was ultimately achieved through collaboration, adaptive learning, and resilience in the face of setbacks. From the story, we learn that while independence is initially idealised and pursued passionately, true independence often involves recognizing the value of collaboration and learning when to seek help. 【点睛】 第二节（20分） 44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，你的英国朋友Jim在浏览你学校网站时，看到你参加学校“书香校园”建设方案比赛并获奖的消息，来信询问，请你给他回信，内容包括： 1．你的方案； 2．你的感受。 注意：1．词数100左右； 2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】 Dear Jim, I’m delighted that you noticed my prize on our school website. I’m writing to tell you something about my plan for the “Scholarly Campus” competition. My plan mainly includes two parts. First, set up a book-sharing corner in each classroom, where students can exchange books freely. Besides, we will hold monthly reading activities to share thoughts about books. I hope more students can enjoy reading. Winning the prize makes me excited. More importantly, I feel a strong sense of achievement because my idea can contribute to building a reading-friendly campus. I hope you can share some reading activities in your school with me. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达要求考生以李华身份给英国朋友Jim回信，介绍自己参加“书香校园”方案比赛的方案以及个人感受。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 高兴的：delighted →thrilled 建立：set up → establish 交换：exchange → swap 举办：hold→stage 2. 句式拓展 原句：My plan mainly includes two parts. 拓展句：My plan, which mainly includes two parts, is practical. 【点睛】【高分句型1】First, set up a book-sharing corner in each classroom, where students can exchange books freely.（where引导非限制性定语从句） 【高分句型2】More importantly, I feel a strong sense of achievement because my idea can contribute to building a reading-friendly campus.（because引导原因状语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 北京师大附中2026-2027学年（上）高三月考考试 英语试卷 班级/层：__________ 姓名：__________ 考生须知 1．本试卷有五道大题，共12页。考试时长90分钟，满分100分。 2．考生务必将答案填写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。 3．考试结束后，考生应将答题卡交回。 第一部分 知识运用（共两节，30分） 第一节 完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 It’s 4:30 a. m. and the lights are blazing at Food Forward’s warehouse. Forklifts whiz around the loading dock, pulling pallets of donated strawberries off one truck or pushing boxes of potatoes onto another headed to ____1____ people later in the day. Everything moves fast at Food Forward — a nonprofit devoted to giving away agricultural products that would ____2____ be wasted. Food Forward started 15 years ago. When wandering through his neighborhood, Rick Nahmias noticed all the ____3____ fruit on the trees and considered how he could make the best of them. “Why not give them to those in need?” Then Nahmias put an ad online, asking for volunteers to help him pick unwanted fruit for donation. Six people responded, but only one ____4____ at the first event. He persisted, and slowly, an initial core group formed. For the next ni ne months they’d gather on weekends, picking fruit and ____5____ them to local food banks. In October 2009, Nahmias was offered a $25,000 grant, enabling their weekend “fun” to become regular, which eventually contributed to a sustainable ____6____. Thus Food Forward was established. The nonprofit quickly expanded, collecting not only unwanted residential fruit but also millions of pounds of unsold ____7____ from farmers markets and wholesale sellers. In 2023, it ____8____ 87 million pounds to feed the starving people. Today, Food Forward has 50 employees and 2,000 volunteers. People want to work here. Every morning, warehouse manager, drivers and vendors greet each other by name, usually with handshakes that end in hugs. This kind of ____9____ is a large part of why Food Forward has been so successful. “_____10_____ the abundance” is not just a slogan; it’s a way of life. We all have abundance; we just need to find out what it is, and give it. 1. A. needy B. willing C. demanding D. greedy 2. A. then B. instead C. otherwise D. still 3. A. fresh B. unpicked C. unripe D. tasty 4. A. set off B. pulled in C. missed out D. showed up 5. A. showing B. selling C. delivering D. recommending 6. A. investment B. plan C. lifestyle D. organization 7. A. meals B. produce C. clothing D. materials 8. A. grew B. ordered C. traded D. distributed 9. A. credit B. procedure C. relationship D. strategy 10. A. Share B. Harvest C. Create D. Keep 第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Ana was inspired after reading about kids ____11____ (face) hardships in a nearby community. It saddened her to learn that they lacked some basic necessities like books. “It made me think how I would feel if my world did not have books in it,” she said. Ana was just ten years old when she ____12____ (start) an organization called Just 1 Book. To date, she ____13____ (collect) around half a million books. B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Smartphones are very useful and often we can’t imagine life ____14____ them. But they could be harmful as well. We surveyed 1,065 students ____15____ (determine) if smartphone addiction affects sleep. We identified a strong ____16____ (connect) between smartphone addiction and poor sleep. There is also an association between addiction and using your phone late at night. The amount of time ____17____ (spend) on your phone is not enough to suggest addiction. But combining that with the latest time you use your phone can be a good indicator. C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Years ago, when I was beginning my journey as an animal communicator, I was working as staff at a wildlife rescue organization. It was ____18____ (extreme) hard work. I ____19____ (challenge) to reach beyond my limits. I encountered all sorts of animals. They all showed me what we can learn from animals in their own ways, such as a tiny mouse ____20____ bravery changed my life forever. 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，38分） 第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A The University of Macau (UM) warmly welcomes exchange students from its global partner institutions to experience academic life in our unique cultural environment. As an incoming exchange student, you’ll have the opportunity to study for one or two semesters without paying tuition fees, while earning credits that can be transferred back to your home institution. To begin the application process, you must first be officially nominated (提名) by your home institution’s exchange office, as UM doesn’t accept direct applications from individuals. The nomination package should include documents that showcase your academic background and study plans. These should be official English transcripts demonstrating your GPA, a detailed course selection form outlining your proposed studies at UM, a thoughtful personal statement explaining your motivation for joining the program, and at least one recommendation letter from a faculty member at your home university. For postgraduate students interested in research-based programs, an additional research project proposal is required. Once nominated, you will receive access to UM’s online application system where you can complete your registration. This digital process requires you to submit a passport-sized photo, and copies of your identification documents. It’s particularly important for you to complete this application by deadline, as late submissions may affect your ability to pre-select courses. Upon arriving, you need to complete several important registration steps. These include submitting a medical examination form, and additional passport photos for various administrative purposes. The university provides detailed guidance to help you navigate these requirements, ensuring you can focus on making the most of your experience in Macao. For more information, please visit our official exchange program website or come to the school for consultation. 21. Which is the first step for students to begin the application? A. Getting nomination from their institutions. B. Obtaining one recommendation letter. C. Preparing their official transcripts. D. Designing a research proposal. 22. What are students required to do in the online application step? A. To upload photos of different sizes. B. To explore the course options at UM. C. To submit copies of identification files. D. To transfer their previous credits to UM. 23. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To promote the exchange program. B. To attract students to visit the university. C. To introduce the university website. D. To inform students of the registration steps. B In early 2023, I set out on a voyage to the Galápagos Islands. It was on Floreana Island’s windswept shore that I encountered a weathered whisky barrel (桶) — the legendary Post Office Bay mailbox. It was first used by sailors in 1793 to send mail back home: they would leave a letter and take any addressed to their next port of call to deliver them by hand. It’s still used by tourists. People will leave a letter and take one that they are able to hand-deliver to their next destination. The barrel was full with postcards waiting for delivery. I took a couple home and delivered them with delight: one to a teacher from her pupil, and another from a girl to her boyfriend. The recipients were incredibly grateful. Weeks later, I couldn’t stop thinking about the letters. Then I thought what if I spent a year delivering more letters from that postbox? I realized I could keep my remote job, and at the same time travel the world delivering post, using air miles and working along the way. By March 2024, I returned to Galápagos. I picked out 55 letters and postcards that covered a large geographic area. aimed to deliver one a week, covering at least 52 countries and spanning all seven continents. I’m 52 and very outgoing, but I’m aware that nowadays people are cautious of speaking to one another. Delivery letter number 50, in Bergen, Norway, I almost got arrested. The lady who answered the door didn’t believe my story and mistook my selfie stick for a weapon, so she called the police. I had to show the officers my GPS location history to prove what I was doing, and we all ended up laughing together. My favorite delivery was letter eight, in Mexico City, from a daughter to her mother, thanking her for letting her follow her dreams. The mother had been very ill, and her daughter wanted to come home from her travels to look after her, but she insisted her daughter should continue with her trip. I’m still in touch with both of them. When I finished my challenge in March this year, I held a party in London and invited everyone I’d met along the way. People came from all over the world. I was so touched and humbled. I’ve made friends for life. 24. How was mail delivered at Post Office Bay in the 18th century? A. By regular local messengers. B. By sailors stationed on the islands. C. By private postal service on the islands. D. By hand-delivery to the next destination. 25. The author decided to return to Galapagos because she ________. A. was assigned to handle some remote work B. was concerned about the delivery of the letters C. intended to use her air miles before the deadline D. wanted to check the letters in the deserted barrel 26. Which words can best describe the author according to the passage? A. Positive and curious. B. Determined and caring. C. Passionate but serious. D. Brave but introverted. C For decades, scientists hypothesized that cognitively demanding tasks, such as writing or solving math problems, require more energy than easier tasks like scrolling short videos on the phone or looking out of the window. However, recent research proves the view wrong. Our brains perform massively complex and metabolically costly computations all day long. “Whether you’ re engaged in a cognitively demanding task at work, or you’ re staring off into space, your brain is using roughly the same amount of energy,” says neuroscientist Todd Braver of Washington University in St. Louis. In fact, what feels more challenging is when a task requires the brain to go against its usual habits. Cognitively demanding work often requires the coordination (协作) of many different brain regions in novel patterns, while silencing circuits that frequently fire together. Studies have found that pushing against our brain’s habits triggers an emotional response, making us feel uncomfortable. “It’s aversive, and it just feels bad,” says Michael Inzlicht, a psychologist from the University of Toronto. But he points out that emotional responses are subjective: They are interpretations of sensations in our bodies and brains. And we can influence how much we pay attention to these sensations and even how we interpret them. We often overestimate the struggle and pain required to complete cognitive tasks. This initial overestimation can lead us to procrastinate, or even avoid the task altogether. Studies suggest that if we can get past that initial hurdle of starting a task, then thinking becomes easier. One way to do that is to pay attention to the benefits instead of the efforts required. In a study published in the journal Science in 2020, Andrew Westbrook, a neuroscientist at Rutgers University, and his colleagues gave participants the choice of solving an easy memory puzzle for a small amount of money or a much harder puzzle for more money. The options were displayed on a screen, and participants’ eye movements were tracked as they decided which puzzle to attempt. When people spent more time looking at the reward for the challenging puzzle, they were more likely to choose it. If our mind’s eye, or our attentional focus, is on the benefits of an option, over time we’ re more likely to choose to do hard things. Performing complex mental tasks will also be less painful if the exertion of mental effort is habitized. When we don’t have to make a decision to focus every day, we will save ourselves considering the costs or consequences. To make cognitively demanding tasks a habit, try to do them every day at the same time and in the same place. Add a ritual before the work starts, such as turning off the phone and launching an app to block distracting websites. After a few weeks, concentrating deeply won’t just feel easier; it will actually be easier. 27. People may feel certain cognitive task demanding because of ________. A. more brain energy consumption B. the complexity of computations C. the higher level of difficulty D. new coordination of brain parts 28. The author quotes the 2020 study mainly to ________ . A. support a solution B. present a case C. analyze the causes D. challenge an assumption 29. What can be inferred from the passage? A. Overestimation promotes efficiency. B. Personal perception determines motivation. C. Focusing on rewards enhances performance. D. Brain counteraction triggers positive emotions. 30. Which of the following can make mental work feel easier? A. Receiving continuous support when feeling down. B. Seeking professional help when meeting a deadline. C. Reading thick literary classics for twenty minutes daily. D. Breaking down a challenging project into smaller tasks. D The age of artificial intelligence has begun, and it brings plenty of anxieties. Almost all of the conversations about risk have to do with the potential consequences of AI systems pursuing goals that depart from what they were programmed to do and that are not in the interests of humans. But this is only one side of the danger. Imagine what could unfold if AI does do what humans want. “What humans want,” of course, isn’t a monolith. Different people have countless ideas of what constitutes “the greater good.” Even if we could get everyone to focus on the well-being of the entire human species, it’s unlikely we’d be able to agree on what that might look like. That seems to be the reason that DeepMind recently founded an internal organization focused on AI safety and preventing its manipulation by bad actors. But it’s not ideal that what’s “bad” is going to be determined by a handful of individuals at this one particular corporation — complete with their blind spots and personal and cultural biases (偏见). The potential problem goes beyond humans harming other humans. What’s “good” for humanity has, many times throughout history, come at the expense of other sentient (有知觉力的) beings. Such is the situation today. In the US alone, we have billions of animals kept in confinement, subjected to cruel treatment, and denial of their basic psychological and physiological needs at any given time. Entire species are dominated and systemically butchered so that we can have omelets, burgers and shoes. If AI does exactly what “we” want it to, that would likely mean enacting this mass cruelty more efficiently, at an even greater scale and with more automation and fewer opportunities for sympathetic humans to step in and flag anything particularly horrifying. A better goal than aligning AI with humanity’ s immediate interests would be what I would call “sentient alignment” — AI acting in accordance with the interests of all sentient beings, including humans, all other animals and, should it exist, sentient AI. This will strike some as aggressive, because what’s good for all sentient life might not always agree with what’s good for humankind. It might sometimes, even often, be in opposition to what humans want or what would be best for the greatest number of us. Peter Singer, a philosopher, argued that an AI system’s ultimate goals and priorities are more important than it being aligned with humans. “The question is really whether this super intelligent AI is going to be benevolent and want to produce a better world,” Singer said, “and even if we don’t control it, it still will produce a better world in which our interests will get taken into account.” I’m with Singer on this. Decentering humankind to any extent, and especially to this extreme, is an idea that will challenge people. But that’s necessary if we’re to prevent our current belief from spreading in new and awful ways. 31. The author mentions the organization founded by DeepMind to __________. A. question a solution B. clarify a belief C. illustrate an example D. explain a practice 32. Which of the following can best present the idea of “sentient alignment”? A. AI extends the same rights to living beings. B. AI promotes the interaction among species. C. AI benefits from the development of humans. D. AI meets the demands of perceptive creatures. 33. What does the underlined word “benevolent” in Paragraph 7 probably mean? A. Ambitious. B. Generous. C. Resourceful. D. Competitive. 34. The author’s major concern in developing AI is that __________. A. AI poses a threat to the world B. society’s morals are in decline C. humans prioritize their own needs D. sentient beings deepen cultural biases 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Many people think a good learner must keep steady focus. Yet new studies show the opposite. When the mind gently drifts, it can still absorb facts. More importantly, it can connect them in fresh ways. This process, called inferential learning, lets us go beyond the given facts and reach new conclusions. ___35___ Mind-drifting gives the brain extra time. Suppose a student hears that plants bend toward light. ___36___ Neurons repeat the pattern without effort. This hidden rehearsal strengthens memory traces and keeps the door open for later links. Drifting invites remote associations. During a break, the same student may recall her kitchen window, where the basil plant leans each morning. Two scenes—classroom and kitchen—meet in her mind. From this mix she may infer that light direction, not just sunlight itself, guides plant growth. ___37___ However, focused study rarely allows such loose pairing of places and times. A wandering mind tests rules in private. While the teacher moves to the next topic, the student's thoughts may run a quick test: "If the light comes from below, will the stem still bend up?" ___38___ These quiet experiments sharpen understanding and prepare the learner for real tests later. ___39___ They forget that controlled wandering is not the same as chaos. Learners can set soft borders: after twenty minutes of hard work, they allow five minutes of gentle drift. In this window, the mind roams but stays near the topic. The result is deeper insight without lost time. A. Critics may say distraction wastes time. B. Mind-wandering breaks cognitive barriers. C. No lab is needed; the brain runs a silent model. D. This random access generates innovative ideas. E. The leap is small, but it is new knowledge built on her own. F. A wandering mind, it turns out, is a quiet helper in this work. G. While her eyes look out of the window, her brain keeps the idea alive. 第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32分） 第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 Growing up, I idealised independence. I always wanted my own efforts to be enough. When I decided to pursue a postgraduate degree, I wanted to develop a novel research programme and quickly establish myself as an independent scientist. But I was unrealistically optimistic about what I could achieve. As I began designing experiments, my committee members warned me about the challenges I would face. But my need for independence drove me to push forward with my research plan. As a result, the first four years of my postgraduate career were defined by a series of failures. During my second year, I failed my comprehensive exam because my proposal was unclear. During my third year, I discovered that after treating thousands of seeds, I obtained just one plant I could use for experiments. By my fourth year, my desperation to succeed overshadowed my desire for independence. My adviser and I devised (想出) a somewhat unusual solution: I would spend three months in a collaborating (合作的) lab to obtain specialised training. I worked extensively with other students, constantly asked questions, and helped with ongoing projects to learn everything I could. Finally, I conducted an elegant experiment that would not have been possible without the help of the members in the lab. My adviser saw this experience as a groundbreaking success, emphasising the collaborating skills I acquired. A few months later, when I repeated the experiment in my home lab, I produced more publishable data. By learning when to ask for help, I eventually found myself on the way to becoming an independent scientist. 40. In the beginning, what drove the author to push forward with the research plan? _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 41. What was the solution by the adviser and the author after those repeated failures? _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. > The adviser considered the author’s experience in the lab a groundbreaking success because publishable data had been produced. _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 43. From this story, what can you learn about “independence”? (In about 40 words) _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 第二节（20分） 44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，你的英国朋友Jim在浏览你学校网站时，看到你参加学校“书香校园”建设方案比赛并获奖的消息，来信询问，请你给他回信，内容包括： 1．你的方案； 2．你的感受。 注意：1．词数100左右； 2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $