Unit 8 Green Living 语法（兼类词与词汇运用）导学案-2026-2027学年高中英语北师大版必修第三册

Unit 8 Green Living 语法（兼类词与词汇运用）导学案 北师大版高中英语 · 必修第三册 Unit 8 Green Living 一、核心知识：兼类词（Verbs or Nouns） 兼类词——同一个词有很多种词性。 本单元讲的是既可作动词又可作名词的词。 （一）兼类词的判断方法 看词在句中的位置：名词常位于冠词（a / the / this）、形容词或介词之后，也可作主语、宾语或表语；动词常位于主语之后作谓语，或跟在 to / will / can 等之后。 The group painted hundreds of bicycles white.（paint 位于主语后作谓语，动词，"粉刷"）/ I need a can of red paint.（paint 位于 a can of 之后，名词，"油漆"） （二）本单元兼类词一览 paint v. 粉刷；给……上油漆　n. 颜料；油漆　 place v. 放置；安放　n. 地方；地点　 record v. 记录　n. 记录；档案；（体育）纪录　 pedal v. 骑（车）　n. 踏板　 litter v. 乱扔（垃圾）　n. 垃圾（不可数）　 support v. 支持　n. 支持；支撑　 control v. 控制　n. 控制（under control 处于控制之下）　 transport v. 运输　n. 运输（工具） （三）易错提醒 1. 读音不同：record 作动词读 /rɪˈkɔːd/，重音在后；作名词读 /ˈrekɔːd/，重音在前。 export（v. /ɪkˈspɔːt/；n. /ˈekspɔːt/）、present 等同理。 2. work 作"工作"讲不可数，作"作品"讲可数：the complete works of Shakespeare（莎士比亚全集）。 3. litter 作名词不可数，无复数形式：a piece of litter；不能说 a litter / litters（作动词第三人称单数除外）。 4. 判断词性后再定搭配：take place（发生，名词）/ take the place of（代替）/ in place of（代替）。 （四）本单元高频搭配 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 cut back on 削减； take part (in) 参加； be committed to 致力于； in addition to 除……之外（还）； come up with 想出； thanks to 由于； live in peace with 与……和平共处； leave the tap running 让水龙头一直流着； can't be bothered to do sth 懒得做某事； end up doing 最终做； be harmful to 对……有害； interfere with 妨碍。 语法练习 A ------ 用括号内单词的适当形式填空并思考单词词性（兼类词动词/名词用法） A school reporter interviews the founder of the school green club: R: Your club is famous now. How did the 1.________ (start) of your club happen?　M: It 2.________ (start) with a beach trip in 2023. The beach was covered with plastic, and we decided to act. R: What do you do every week?　M: We 3.________ (record) the amount of waste we collect, and the 4.________ (record) are open on our website for everyone to check. R: Any plans for next year?　M: We hope to 5.________ (plant) 500 trees along the river, and each 6.________ (plant) will be given a name by the members. R: How do you 7.________ (transport) the young trees?　M: By bike, of course! Our members ride with trees on their backs. It is slow but green 8.________ (transport). R: What helps the young trees survive the summer?　M: We 9.________ (water) them every Friday with rainwater collected at school. Water is precious, so we never waste 10.________ (water). 语法练习 B ------ 用括号内单词的适当形式填空（单元词汇运用） 1. The new club was ________ (establish) last month with 300 members.　 2. Over 200 students were ________ (involvement) in the opening activity.　 3. Every ________ (individual) can make a difference to the environment.　 4. The ________ (found) of Roots & Shoots is Dr Jane Goodall.　 5. She has shown great ________ (commit) to wildlife protection.　 6. We should use energy-________ (efficiency) appliances (appliance n. 家用电器) at home.　 7. Old light bulbs should be ________ (replace) with LED ones.　 8. Our school has ________ (consumption) 30% less water this year.　 9. More green products are now ________ (availability) in supermarkets.　 10. The ________ (survive) rate of the trees has reached 85%. 第二部分 A. 阅读理解 ------ Kubuqi: A Green Miracle in the Sand In September 2025, the 7th International Desert Forum（国际沙漠论坛）was held in Ordos（鄂尔多斯）, Inner Mongolia. Delegates（代表）from nearly 50 countries came to see one place: the Kubuqi Desert（库布其沙漠）, China's seventh-largest desert, where more than 6,000 square kilometres of sand have been brought under control in the past forty years. The change did not happen by accident. Local people and companies worked together to develop ways of fighting the sand. They planted special grass in a chessboard pattern（棋盘格状）to hold the sand in place, and built solar farms on land that was too dry for crops. The electricity from the panels, together with the money from tourism, gives farmers a new income, so they no longer need to overgraze（overgraze v. 过度放牧）the land. The results are easy to see. Wild animals that had disappeared are returning; lakes have reappeared in low-lying areas; and the number of sandstorm days in Beijing, hundreds of kilometres away, has dropped sharply. "When we protect nature, nature pays us back," said Wang Wenbiao, a local businessman who has planted trees in Kubuqi for more than 30 years. For the visiting delegates from Africa and the Middle East, Kubuqi offers something more valuable than technology: hope. Many of their countries face the same problems of spreading sand and hungry land. "If a desert can turn green here," one delegate from Nigeria（尼日利亚）said, "then maybe ours can too." 1. What is special about the Kubuqi Desert according to the first paragraph?　 A. It is China's largest desert.　B. Part of it has been turned from sand into green land.　 C. It was chosen to hold the Desert Forum.　D. It lies close to the city of Ordos. 2. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?　 A. How local people and businesses have fought the desert together.　 B. Why solar panels are popular in deserts.　 C. Where the special grass was planted.　 D. How farmers lost their income. 3. The underlined word "They" in Paragraph 2 refers to ________.　 A. the delegates　B. local people and companies　C. wild animals　D. the farmers 4. According to Wang Wenbiao, ________.　 A. protecting nature brings rewards　B. technology is more valuable than hope　 C. Beijing suffers more sandstorms than before　D. tourists should not visit the desert 5. Which is the best title for the passage?　 A. A Desert Forum in Ordos　B. The Long History of the Kubuqi Desert　 C. China's Seventh-Largest Desert Disappears　D. Kubuqi: A Green Miracle in the Sand B. 七选五 ------ Cutting Food Waste Starts in Your Kitchen 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Every year, about one third of the world's food is lost or wasted. Cutting food waste is one of the easiest ways to live a greener life, and it starts in our own kitchens. 1.________ Before going shopping, check your fridge and make a list. Buy only what you really need, and be careful with "buy one, get one free" offers—they often lead to more waste, not less. Second, store food properly. Some fruits give off a gas that makes vegetables go bad faster. 2.________ Keep the fridge clean and check it every few days. Third, learn to love leftovers（leftover n. 剩菜剩饭）. Many people throw away cooked food after just one meal. 3.________ With a little imagination, last night's rice can become today's fried rice, and old bread can turn into pudding. Fourth, measure your waste. For one week, write down the food your family throws away. 4.________ You may find that half of your waste is fruit peels that could go into a compost bin. 5.________ Small changes in the kitchen can save money and protect the planet at the same time. A. First, plan before you shop.　B. Keep these fruits and vegetables in different drawers of the fridge.　C. However, most cooked food keeps well in the fridge for two or three days.　D. At the end of the week, the list may surprise you.　E. Remember, the greenest food is the food that gets eaten.　F. Cooking too much food at once is the best way to feed a family well.　G. Write a shopping list after you come back from the supermarket. C. 语法填空 ------ Ant Forest: Small Actions Become Real Forests 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Since it started in 2016, Ant Forest, a programme on the Alipay app, has become a 1. ________ (success) way to encourage greener living. People collect “green energy” by walking, taking public transport or paying bills online. When the energy reaches a set level, a real tree 2. ________ (plant) in a desert area, and the user gets a tree number 3. ________ (track) its growth online. So far, more than 500 million users 4. ________ (help) plant over 500 million trees in places such as Inner Mongolia and Gansu. Satellite images show the desert areas, which used to be bare yellow land, are now turning green. “People want to see a tree 5. ________ (grow),” one researcher said. Guo once made a living by 6. ________ (raise) sheep, 7. ________ the animals damaged the grassland. Now he works as a ranger and protects 8. ________ young trees there. 9. ________ (obvious), copying the app is not enough; local rules and jobs matter. “Small actions can help 10. ________ other,” he said. 第三部分 书面表达 题目：你校英语广播站 "Green English" 栏目正在征集稿件，请用英语介绍一个环保话题中的兼类词（如 plant, support, water, change, record）。要点提示：1. 写出该词的动词和名词两种词性各一个例句；2. 结合本单元环保话题；3. 80—100 词；4. 结尾发出号召。 【自查清单】plant 作动词（we plant trees）和名词（each plant）各一；兼类词 support / water / change 均出现；环保话题与单元主题呼应；号召结尾：let's plant a plant with our own hands! 参考答案与解析 一、第一部分 语法练习 语法练习 A　 1. start【解析】定冠词 the 后接名词，"俱乐部的创立"，start 作名词。 2. started【解析】句中缺谓语，"它始于 2023 年的一次海滩之行"，start 作动词，用过去式。 3. record【解析】句中缺谓语，"我们记录收集的垃圾数量"，record 作动词。 4. records【解析】定冠词 the 后接名词，由 are 可知用复数 records"记录档案"。 5. plant【解析】hope to do sth，"希望沿河种 500 棵树"，plant 作动词。 6. plant【解析】each 后接可数名词单数，"每棵树苗"，plant 作名词。 7. transport【解析】助动词 do 后接动词原形，"你们如何运送树苗"，transport 作动词。 8. transport【解析】形容词 green 后接名词，"绿色的运输方式"，transport 作名词。 9. water【解析】句中缺谓语，"我们每周五用收集的雨水浇树"，water 作动词。 10. water【解析】动词 waste 后接名词作宾语，"绝不浪费水"，water 作不可数名词。 语法练习 B　 1. established【解析】被动语态 was established"被成立"，establish → established。 2. involved【解析】be involved in"参与"，involvement → involved。 3. individual【解析】every 后接名词单数，"每个个体"，individual 本身即名词。 4. founder【解析】定冠词 the 后接名词，"创立者"，found → founder。 5. commitment【解析】形容词 great 后接名词，show commitment to"对……的投入"，commit → commitment。 6. efficient【解析】energy-efficient"节能的"，复合形容词，efficiency → efficient。 7. replaced【解析】被动语态 should be replaced"被更换"，replace → replaced。 8. consumed【解析】现在完成时 has consumed"已消耗"，consumption → consume → consumed。 9. available【解析】系动词 are 后接形容词，be available"可获得的"，availability → available。 10. survival【解析】survival rate"存活率"，survive → survival 名词作定语。 二、第二部分 阅读与语言运用 A. 阅读理解　答案：1—5 B A B A D 第1题：B。开篇归纳题。第一段借国际沙漠论坛引出核心事实：库布其沙漠"过去四十年已有 6000 多平方公里沙地得到治理"，即部分沙地已变绿，B 项准确；干扰项 A 与"中国第七大沙漠"相悖，C 张冠李戴（论坛在鄂尔多斯举办），D 无中生有。 第2题：A。段落主旨题。第二段首句"The change did not happen by accident"为主题句，全段介绍当地人、企业与治沙的共同努力——种沙生植物、建光伏、发展旅游，选 A；干扰项 B、C 均为段中细节，D 与文意相反。 第3题：B。指代判断题。由"Local people and companies worked together... They planted special grass..."可知，They 指代 local people and companies，选 B。 第4题：A。细节理解题。王文彪的话"When we protect nature, nature pays us back"意为"保护自然会得到回报"，与 A 同义；B 与末段"hope 比技术更珍贵"相反，C 与"sandstorm days... has dropped sharply"相反，D 无中生有。 第5题：D。标题归纳题。全文围绕库布其沙漠数十年治沙成绿洲的"绿色奇迹"展开，D 项抓核心；干扰项 A 仅为新闻背景，B 无中生有，C 夸大事实（沙漠并未消失），均属以偏概全。 B. 七选五　答案：1—5 A B C D E（多余选项：F、G） 1. A本段讲"购物前检查冰箱、列清单、警惕促销陷阱"，主题是"购物前计划"，A 项统领全段，并引出下文 list / buy。 2. B空格前说"某些水果释放的气体会加速蔬菜变质"，B 项"把这些水果和蔬菜放在冰箱不同的抽屉里"承接上文，给出解决办法，复现 fruits / vegetables / fridge。 3. C空格前说"许多人只吃一顿就把熟食扔掉"，C 项"然而大多数熟食在冰箱里能保存两三天"以 However 隐含转折，与下文"昨晚的米饭变成今天的炒饭"衔接。 4. D本段主题是"记录浪费"，D 项"周末结束时，这份清单可能会让你吃惊"与上文 write down 呼应，并引出下文"发现一半垃圾是果皮"，复现 list / week。 5. E空格后"Small changes in the kitchen can save money and protect the planet"正是 E 项"最绿色的食物是被吃掉的食物"的展开，复现 food / kitchen。 干扰项：F 与全文"减少食物浪费"主旨相反；G 复现 shopping list，但"从超市回来后再列清单"只满足一半语境且与第 1 空段落逻辑颠倒。 C. 语法填空　 1. successful【解析】修饰名词 way，应用形容词，success → successful，表示“一种成功的方式”。 2. is planted【解析】a real tree 与 plant 为被动关系，陈述项目常态机制，用一般现在时被动语态。 3. to track【解析】作目的状语，说明获得 tree number 的目的是“以便追踪”，用不定式 to track。 4. have helped【解析】So far 提示现在完成时，主语 more than 500 million users 为复数，填 have helped。 5. grow【解析】see sb./sth. do sth. 用省 to 不定式作宾补，强调看到树“生长”这一结果，填 grow。 6. raising【解析】介词 by 后接动名词，by doing sth. 表示“靠做某事谋生”，raise → raising。 7. but【解析】前后为转折关系：养羊曾谋生，但羊破坏草场，填并列连词 but。 8. the【解析】特指当地那些需要保护的幼树，用定冠词 the。 9. Obviously【解析】作评注性状语，修饰整个句子，应用副词，obvious → obviously，句首大写。 10. each【解析】固定搭配 help each other，表示“互相帮助”，填 each。 第三部分 书面表达 参考范文 Did you know that one small English word can do two jobs? Take "plant". As a verb, it means to put a young tree into the ground: every spring, our class plants trees on the hill behind our school. As a noun, it means a living thing that grows in soil: each plant we plant is given a name by a student. So my favourite sentence is: "We plant a plant every Arbor Day（植树节）." Words like support, water and change work the same way. If you learn one word with two faces, you have really learned two words. Come and join us—let's plant a plant with our own hands! 【自查清单】plant 作动词（we plant trees）和名词（each plant）各一；兼类词 support / water / change 均出现；环保话题与单元主题呼应；号召结尾：let's plant a plant with our own hands! 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $