Unit 6 语法讲义 2026-2027学年译林版英语九年级上册

Unit 6 The art of the brush 语法讲义 语法点一：限制性定语从句 一、核心语法讲解 定语从句用来修饰名词（短语）或代词，进一步说明我们谈论的是哪一个人或事物。 1. 被修饰的名词（短语）或代词叫先行词。定语从句通常紧跟在先行词后面。 基本结构：先行词 + 关系代词 + 从句其他部分。 The girl who is holding a brush is my sister. 解析：the girl是先行词，who is holding a brush说明是哪一个女孩。 2. 限制性定语从句提供确定先行词所需的信息，通常不用逗号与先行词隔开。 去掉从句，有时句意不完整，有时无法明确说的是哪一个人或事物。 3. 关系代词既连接主句和从句，又代替先行词，在从句中作主语或宾语等成分。 本单元主要学习who、which和that。选择时，先看先行词指人还是指物。 4. 合并句子时，先找重复的人或物，再用关系代词代替重复部分，组成定语从句。 This is a painting. The painting shows village life. → This is a painting which/that shows village life. 合并后，定语从句放在a painting后；which/that代替第二句中的The painting。 二、教材原句解析 1. A calligrapher is someone who practises the art of writing beautifully with a brush. 解析：先行词是someone；who引导的从句说明“书法家”是怎样的人。 2. The person who painted this landscape is very talented. 解析：who painted this landscape修饰the person，指出是哪一个人。 3. The painting that he was most famous for is kept in this museum. 解析：that引导的从句修饰the painting；主句说明这幅画被保存在这家博物馆。 三、易错点提醒 1. 先行词在前，定语从句在后；理解句子时，要先找清楚被修饰的人或物。 2. 不要把定语从句误当成主句。主句和从句都应有正确的句子结构。 3. 合并后，关系代词已代替重复部分，从句中不能再重复保留同一主语。 （✖）This is the painting which the painting shows village life. （✔）This is the painting which shows village life. 语法点二：who、which和that的用法 一、核心语法讲解 1. who指人；which指物；that既可指人，也可指物。它们可在从句中作主语或宾语。 The artist who/that teaches us is very patient.（指人） The painting which/that hangs here is beautiful.（指物） 2. 关系代词作主语时不能省略；作宾语时通常可以省略。who作宾语时可用whom代替。 The artist who paints well is my teacher.（who作主语，不能省略） This is the brush (which/that) I use every day.（作use的宾语，可省略） 3. 判断成分时，可把先行词放回从句：缺主语时作主语；缺宾语时作宾语。 the boy who sings well：who作sings的主语，不能省略。 the boy (who/whom/that) we met：关系代词作met的宾语，可省略。 4. 关系代词作主语时，从句谓语动词的单复数要与先行词保持一致。 The boy who likes art is my friend. The boys who like art are my friends. 二、教材原句解析 1. Calligraphy is an art form that is very popular in China. 解析：that指an art form，在从句中作主语，不能省略；先行词为单数，谓语用is。 2. The building which stands near my school is a supermarket. 解析：which指the building，作从句主语；一般现在时谓语用第三人称单数stands。 3. Mr Lin is just the man (who/whom) I want to interview. 解析：who/whom指the man，作interview的宾语，可以省略；这里也可用that。 三、易错点提醒 1. 从句用陈述语序，关系代词后不能套用特殊疑问句的语序。 the picture which he likes（✔）/ the picture which does he like（✖） 2. 关系代词已作从句宾语时，不要再重复使用it、him、her等代词。 （✖）The brush that I bought it is useful. （✔）The brush that I bought is useful. 3. 本单元许多句子可有多种关系代词：指人常用who/that，指物常用which/that。 4. 注意主谓一致：the boy who likes art；the boys who like art。 5. whom只能作宾语，不能代替作主语的who。 The artist who teaches us is kind.（不用whom） 6. what不能代替who、which或that引导这里的定语从句。 the painting that I like（✔）/ the painting what I like（✖） Unit 6 语法专项练习 一、单项选择 （ ）1. The girl ______ is drawing by the window is my cousin. A. which B. who C. what D. whose （ ）2. The brush ______ I bought yesterday is easy to use. A. who B. what C. whom D. which （ ）3. In "the artist who lives next door", who refers to ______. A. the artist B. next door C. lives D. kind （ ）4. In "the painting that I like", that is the ______ of like. A. subject B. object C. verb D. adjective （ ）5. Which relative pronoun can refer to both people and things? A. that B. who C. whom D. which （ ）6. The students who ______ in the art club practise every Friday. A. is B. was C. are D. be （ ）7. The painter who ______ near our school teaches us on Sundays. A. live B. lives C. living D. to live （ ）8. The painting that we saw ______ at the museum was beautiful. A. 不填 B. it C. them D. its （ ）9. In which sentence can the relative pronoun be left out? A. The girl who paints is my sister. B. The book that I read is interesting. C. I like art which tells stories. D. The boys that won are happy. （ ）10. This is the calligrapher ______ I want to interview. A. which B. what C. whom D. when 二、用关系代词或所给词的适当形式填空 1. The woman ___________ teaches us painting is very kind. 2. I like pictures ___________ show the beauty of nature. 3. This is the book ___________ I borrowed from the library. 4. The artist ___________ we met yesterday is from Suzhou. 5. The boy who ___________ (sit) there now is my brother. 6. We know some students who ___________ (enjoy) calligraphy. 7. The painting that ___________ (show) village life is beautiful. 8. The brushes that ___________ (be) on the desk belong to me. 9. This is the picture which she ___________ (paint) last week. 10. The girl who ___________ (win) the prize yesterday is in our class. 三、阅读理解 Last Saturday, our class visited an art museum. A guide who loved traditional Chinese painting showed us around. She asked us to look for details that told a story. I chose a painting which showed an old village. The man who sat beside a river was repairing a boat. The children that played near him looked happy. I first thought it was just a quiet scene, but the guide asked me to notice the tools beside the man. Those tools helped me understand the painting better. The artist wanted to show the close relationship between people and everyday work. Before leaving, I drew a small picture of my own. I learnt that careful looking could help me find stories in art. （ ）1. What did the guide ask the students to look for? A. Tools to take home. B. Pictures to buy. C. Details that told a story. D. Places to play games. （ ）2. What was the man in the painting doing? A. Repairing a boat. B. Teaching children to paint. C. Washing his brushes. D. Walking around a museum. （ ）3. What did the writer learn from the visit? A. Every painting needs bright colours. B. Careful looking helps us understand art. C. Only famous artists can tell stories. D. Old paintings are easy to copy. 四、短文写作（用who、which或that引导定语从句） 上周日，我参观了一个展示中国传统艺术的展览。给我们讲解作品的导游很友好，也很了解中国画。 我最喜欢一幅展现乡村生活的画。画中坐在河边的老人正在读书，坐在他身旁的孩子们看起来很开心。 我还见到了一位擅长书法的艺术家。他向我们展示了他每天使用的笔，并教我们怎样用笔。 参观后，我加入了学校的艺术社团。社团的老师总是耐心地帮助想学习中国画的同学。 我认为传统艺术能够帮助我们了解中国文化。我希望更多同学能够欣赏那些讲述日常生活故事的作品。 _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 6 The art of the brush 语法讲义参考答案 一、单项选择 1. B 先行词the girl指人，who作从句主语。 2. D 先行词the brush指物，which作bought的宾语。 3. A who代替先行词the artist，说明是哪一位艺术家。 4. B I是从句主语，like后缺宾语；that作like的宾语。 5. A that既可指人，也可指物。 6. C 先行词the students为复数，从句中用are。 7. B 先行词the painter为单数，一般现在时谓语用lives。 8. A that已作saw的宾语，从句中不再重复使用it等代词。 9. B B项that作read的宾语，可以省略；其他三项的关系代词均作主语。 10. C 先行词指人，whom作interview的宾语；本句也可用who或that。 二、用关系代词或所给词的适当形式填空 1. who/that 指人，作从句主语，不能省略。 2. which/that 指物，作从句主语，不能省略。 3. which/that（也可省略） 指物，作borrowed的宾语。 4. who/whom/that（也可省略） 指人，作met的宾语。 5. is sitting now提示正在发生的动作；先行词the boy为单数。 6. enjoy 先行词some students为复数，谓语用动词原形。 7. shows 先行词the painting为单数，一般现在时谓语用第三人称单数。 8. are 先行词the brushes为复数，谓语用are。 9. painted last week提示一般过去时。 10. won yesterday提示一般过去时，win的过去式为won。 三、阅读理解 1. C 第一段说明导游让同学们寻找能够讲述故事的细节。 2. A 第二段中的was repairing a boat对应A项。 3. B 最后一段说明仔细看画能帮助我们发现艺术作品中的故事。 四、短文写作参考范文 Last Sunday, I visited an exhibition which showed traditional Chinese art. The guide who introduced the works to us was friendly and knew a lot about Chinese painting. My favourite work was a painting that showed village life. The old man who sat beside a river was reading a book. The children who sat near him looked happy. I also met an artist who was good at calligraphy. He showed us the brushes that he used every day and taught us how to use a brush. After the visit, I joined our school art club. The teacher who runs the club always patiently helps students who want to learn Chinese painting. I think traditional art can help us learn about Chinese culture. I hope more students will enjoy works which tell stories about everyday life. 重点表达 an exhibition which showed traditional Chinese art：which指物，作从句主语。 the guide who introduced the works to us：who指人，作从句主语。 the brushes that he used every day：that指物，作used的宾语，可以省略。 students who want to learn Chinese painting：先行词是复数students，从句谓语用want。 写作答案不唯一，内容完整、语法正确，并能正确使用定语从句即可。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $