Unit 3 Fascinating Parks Discovering Useful Structures 课件-2026-2027学年高中英语人教版选择性必修第一册

人教版2019 · 选择性必修第一册 Unit 3 Fascinating Parks Discover useful structures 动词-ing形式作主语 1.7.2013 欢迎来到Unit 3 Fascinating Parks的语法课。本节课我们将学习动词-ing形式作主语的用法，包括它的基本形式、时态语态变化、以及和不定式作主语的区别。通过本节课的学习，大家能够在写作和口语中正确使用动名词作主语。 ‹#› Grammar · 学习目标 知识目标：理解动词-ing形式作句子主语的功能和意义 能力目标： 掌握动词-ing作主语的基本用法，能正确使用谓语动词的单复数形式 应用目标： 掌握it作形式主语的句型结构，能在写作和口语中正确运用 1.7.2013 本节课的学习目标有三个层次：首先是知识目标，理解动词-ing形式作主语的功能和意义；其次是能力目标，掌握基本用法和主谓一致；最后是应用目标，学会使用it作形式主语的句型，并能在实际写作和口语中运用。 ‹#› 语法规则 1 · v.-ing形式直接作主语 核心要点： • 具有名词性质 • 表示经常性、一般性动作 • 一件事谓语用单数 • 多件事谓语用复数 例句： Being fit helps you to stay focused on your lessons. 更多例句： Going to bed early and getting up early is good for health. （一件事 → 单数） Drawing and playing basketball are what I was interested in as a teenager. （两件事 → 复数） 1.7.2013 这一节讲动词-ing形式直接作主语的用法。动名词作主语时具有名词性质，表示经常性、一般性的动作。要特别注意主谓一致：如果是一件事，谓语动词用单数；如果是两个或多件事，谓语动词用复数。比如"早睡早起"是一件事，用is；"画画和打篮球"是两件事，用are。 ‹#› 语法规则 2 · it作形式主语 为了避免句子主语过于冗长，通常用 it 作形式主语， 真正的主语是后面的 v.-ing 短语。 句型一：It's + 形容词 + doing sth. useless / senseless / worthwhile / worth enjoyable / interesting / foolish 句型二：It's + 名词 + doing sth. a waste of time / energy / money no good / use / fun 例句： It's no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收。 It's a waste of time arguing with him. 和他争论是浪费时间。 1.7.2013 这一节讲it作形式主语的用法。当动名词短语作主语太长时，为了避免头重脚轻，我们常用it作形式主语，把真正的主语（动名词短语）放到句子后面。常见的句型有两类：一类是It's + 形容词 + doing sth.，另一类是It's + 名词 + doing sth.。要特别注意这些句型里的形容词和名词搭配。 ‹#› 语法规则 3-4 · 特殊结构用法 3. There be no doing 结构 表示不允许、禁止某种行为的发生或存在。 There is no joking about such matters. 这种事情开不得玩笑。 There is no saying when he'll come. 很难说他何时来。 4. 布告的省略形式 Smoking is not allowed here. = No smoking. 常见公共标识：No parking. No fishing. No littering. 1.7.2013 这一节讲两种特殊的v.-ing用法。第一种是There be no doing结构，表示不允许或禁止做某事，比如"开不得玩笑""很难说"。第二种是布告的省略形式，公共标识常用No + doing的形式，比如No smoking（禁止吸烟）、No parking（禁止停车）。这些都是固定表达，需要记忆。 ‹#› 语法规则 5 · 动词-ing的复合结构作主语 结构：形容词性物主代词 / 名词所有格 + doing，用来表示动作的逻辑主语。 肯定形式：物主代词/所有格 + doing His / Tom's being late made the teacher very angry. 他/汤姆迟到让老师很生气。 否定形式：物主代词/所有格 + not doing Jerry's not arriving on time made the people present angry. 杰瑞没准时到让在场的人很生气。 注意： • 动名词的否定式是在 doing 前面加 not，即 not doing • 在口语中，也可以用宾格代词代替形容词性物主代词，比如 Him being late... 1.7.2013 这一节讲动词-ing的复合结构作主语。动名词可以有自己的逻辑主语，通常用形容词性物主代词或名词所有格来表示，放在动名词前面。要注意否定形式是在动名词前面加not，即"not doing"，而不是"don't doing"。这个结构在句中整体作主语，谓语动词仍然用单数。 ‹#› 语法规则 6 · 动词-ing的时态和语态 时态 语态 主动语态 被动语态 一般时 doing being done 完成时 having done having been done 记忆要点：一般时表同时/经常性，完成时表先于谓语发生； 被动式在 done 前加 being/having been。 1.7.2013 这一节总结动词-ing的时态和语态变化。一共有四种形式：一般主动式doing，一般被动式being done，完成主动式having done，完成被动式having been done。一般时表示动作和谓语动词同时发生或是经常性动作；完成时表示动作先于谓语动词发生。被动式就是在主动式的基础上加上被动结构。 ‹#› 【实战演练】语法填空 1. ___________ (read) literary works is one of the things that he likes to do most. 2. _________________ (catch) in a heavy traffic jam is quite an unpleasant experience. 3. _________________ (travel) to that beautiful city has made him want to travel there again. 4. _________________________ (remind) to mind table manners, he still behaved badly. 解析： 1. 动名词直接作主语 → Reading 2. 被动语态的动名词作主语 → Being caught 3. 完成时的动名词作主语（动作先于谓语发生） → Having travelled Reading Being caught Having travelled Having been reminded 1.7.2013 这部分是语法填空练习，考查动词-ing形式作主语的各种形式。第1题是一般主动式，第2题是一般被动式，第3题是完成主动式，第4题是完成被动式。让学生注意区分不同时态和语态的动名词形式。 ‹#› 语法规则 7 · v.-ing vs 不定式作主语 v.-ing 作主语 → 泛指或抽象动作 → 习惯性、一般性动作 Smoking is not beneficial to health. VS 不定式 to do 作主语 → 特指或具体动作 → 某次具体的、特定的行为 To lie to your mother is wrong. 对比例句： Singing is not my hobby. （泛指唱歌这件事） But to sing at my friend's wedding ceremony is my dream. （特指在朋友婚礼上唱歌这一次） 1.7.2013 这一节对比动词-ing和动词不定式作主语的区别。动名词作主语通常表示泛指的、抽象的、习惯性的动作；不定式作主语通常表示特指的、具体的、某一次的动作。比如"吸烟有害健康"是泛指，用smoking；"对妈妈撒谎是不对的"是特指某一次行为，用to lie。这个区别在写作中很重要。 ‹#› 1. It is both challenging and rewarding to study abroad. 2. It would hardly be possible to go on a hiking tour in Sarek in winter due to the extreme cold. Studying abroad is both challenging and rewarding. Going on a hiking tour in Sarek in winter would hardly be possible due to the extreme cold. 3. Honestly, it can be both exciting and terrifying to explore a vast unknown land. Honestly, exploring a vast unknown land can be both exciting and terrifying. 用v-ing形式改写下列句子。 4. It is good to adopt a positive attitude, even when things are difficult. Adopting a positive attitude is good, even when things are difficult. 5. It is strongly advised to hire local guides, because they can offer accurate knowledge of Sarek culture and history. Hiring local guides is strongly advised, because they can offer accurate knowledge of Sarek culture and history. Xixi National Wetland Park(西溪国家湿地公园), ________10 square kilometres in western Hangzhou, is the first national wetland park in China. __________ city life, nature, and wetlands makes the park a popular destination both for tourists and local residents. At Xixi, ______ a boat tour, ________ along paths, and ___________ local customs and traditions of the villages in this park are at the top of the list of people’s favourite activities. With trees, bushes, and colourful flowers ________ along the riversides, the park shows different sides of beauty in different seasons. In order to better develop as well as preserve this place, ________ human impact on Xixi Wetland was considered by the park designers. All the new buildings were designed in a traditional way to fit into the natural environment. This green, watery world is home to many birds and fishes. With trees ________ in the shallows, the wetland is a natural system for providing clean water and producing oxygen, which makes it the “green lungs of Hangzhou”. covering Combining taking walking experiencing growing limiting growing 定语 主 语 宾 补 主 语 主 语 宾 补 核心词汇 · cover v. 动词用法（7个义项） 1. 遮盖、覆盖 — She covered the table with a cloth. 2. 包括、涉及 — The course covers many aspects of history. 3. 掩护 — The soldiers covered their retreat. 4. 报道 — The journalist covered the event for the newspaper. 5. 占（一片面积） — The forest covers an area of 500 km². 6. 走（一段距离） — We covered 50 miles in one day. 7. 足够支付 — The money he earned can cover his daily expenses. n. 名词用法（3个义项） 1. 盖子；覆盖物 — The cover of the box is broken. 2. 封面；封皮 — The book has a beautiful cover. 3. 掩护；躲避处 — They found cover from the rain under a tree. 常考搭配： • cover an area of 占地面积 • be covered with 被...覆盖 • under cover of 在...掩护下 1.7.2013 cover是一个多义词，在本节课中重点考查"占（一片面积）"这个义项，比如西溪湿地公园占地10平方公里。大家要重点掌握动词的7个义项和名词的3个义项，以及常考搭配。特别注意be covered with这个被动形式的用法。 ‹#› Ⅰ 语法填空 1. It's no use _________ (persuade) her to stay as her academic dreams are not here. 2. ___________________ (expose) to very loud music makes it possible for young people to risk going deaf. 3. My son's _________ (fail) to pass the 2018 college entrance examination made our whole family unhappy. 解析： 1. 固定句型 It's no use doing sth. → persuading 2. 被动语态动名词作主语 → Being exposed 3. 动名词的复合结构（名词所有格 + doing） → failing persuading Being exposed failing 1.7.2013 这三道题继续考查动词-ing形式作主语的用法。第1题考查固定句型It's no use doing sth.，其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动名词。第2题考查被动语态的动名词作主语。第3题考查动名词的复合结构，即名词所有格或形容词性物主代词后面接动名词。 ‹#› Ⅰ 语法填空 4. His not ________ (know) how to help the people trapped in the snowstorm made him worried. 5. It is a waste of time _________ (try) to persuade him to give up playing computer games. 6. ________ (be) with friends and family plays a big part in experiencing happiness. 解析： 4. 动名词复合结构的否定式（not doing） → knowing 5. 固定句型 It's a waste of time doing sth. → trying 6. 动名词直接作主语 → Being knowing trying Being 1.7.2013 这三道题继续考查动词-ing形式作主语的用法。第4题考查动名词复合结构的否定形式，即形容词性物主代词 + not + doing。第5题考查固定句型It's a waste of time doing sth.。第6题考查动名词直接作主语。提醒学生注意动名词作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。 ‹#› Ⅱ 完成句子 1. For most people today, _____________________________ their main source of gaining information. But as for me, ___________________________ should be regarded as a better source. 如今,多数人已将上网作为获取信息的主要来源。但就我而言,读报应该被看作一种更好的来源。 2. ________________________________, but I'll be well prepared for university or whatever else comes in the future. 努力学习并不总是有趣,但我会为上大学或未来任何其他的事情做好充分准备。 surfing the Internet has become reading newspapers Studying hard isn't always fun 1.7.2013 这部分练习考查动词-ing形式作主语的用法。第一题中"上网"和"读报"都是动名词短语作主语，分别对应surfing the Internet和reading newspapers。第二题中"努力学习"是动名词短语作主语，即Studying hard。让学生注意动名词作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。 ‹#› Ⅱ 完成句子 3. There is no doubt that _________________________________ will make a difference to our life. 毫无疑问,获得急救知识将对我们的生活有影响。 4. It's no good ____________________________________ in our diet. 在我们的日常饮食中摄入过多的脂肪和糖分没有好处。 acquiring knowledge of first aid taking in too much fat and sugar 1.7.2013 这两道题继续考查动词-ing形式作主语的用法。第三题中"获得急救知识"是动名词短语作主语，即acquiring knowledge of first aid。第四题考查固定句型It's no good doing sth.，其中"摄入过多脂肪和糖分"是taking in too much fat and sugar。提醒学生注意这些固定句型中it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动名词短语。 ‹#› $