内容正文:
05 语法·动词/情态/时态/语态
2027年春季高考英语知识清单(天津专用)
动词基础与情态动词:形式、搭配和语气
01 一个简单句须有谓语,实义动词与be不能随意叠加;He works here正确,He is work here错误;进行时才
用is working。
02 一般现在时第三人称单数常加-s或-es;She studies English;含does的疑问句或否定句中还原,如Does she
study English?
03 助动词do、does、did后接动词原形;He didn't go,不能写didn't went;助动词承担时态变化,主要动词
不再重复变化。
04 及物动词可直接接宾语,不及物动词接宾语常需介词;discuss the problem、listen to
music,不能说discuss about the problem。
05 双宾语结构常可转换:give me a book=give a book to me;buy me a pen=buy a pen for me,to与for依动词
搭配选择。
06 情态动词can、must、should等后接动词原形,无人称和数的词尾变化;She can swim,不说can
swims或can to swim。
07 be able to能用于更多时态,如will be able to;表示过去某次设法成功,肯定句常用was able to或managed
to,须结合语境。
08 may、might可表不确定推测,might往往语气更弱;It may rain later表示可能下雨,不等于已经确定将会
下雨。
09 must可表必须,mustn't表示禁止;You mustn't park here意为不许停车,而don't have to或needn't表示没有
必要。
10 must开头的必要性问句,否定回答常用needn't或don't have to;Must I finish now?No, you needn't,不能答
mustn't表示不必。
11 must还可表有把握的肯定推测;She must be tired;否定推测常用can't,如He can't be at home,不用mustn'
t表达不可能。
12 should常表应该或建议,had better后接原形;You had better leave now;否定用had better not
do,不在better后添加to。
13 need作情态动词时用needn't do,作实义动词时用don't need to do;两种结构不能混成don't need do或needn'
t to do。
14 used to do表示过去常做或过去曾有的状态,现在通常已有变化;I used to walk to school,其中to后接动
词原形。
15 be used to doing表示习惯于,to是介词,如I'm used to running;be used to do表示被用来,如Wood is used
to make desks。
16 情态动词加have done可指向过去;must have left表推测已离开,should have called表本应打电话却未打,
须区分推测与责备。
05 语法·动词/情态/时态/语态
2027年春季高考英语知识清单(天津专用)
时态:时间线、动作状态与语境判断
01 一般现在时表习惯、事实或稳定状态;She walks to school,Water freezes at 0°C;不能因没有时间词就默
认此时态。
02 一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或状态;We visited the farm yesterday;过去动作即使对现在有影响,也
须看是否强调明确过去时间。
03 过去进行时用was/were doing,突出过去某时正在进行;I was cooking at six
yesterday,不能漏掉was或were只写doing。
04 when引出短动作时常与过去进行时构成背景和插入关系;I was sleeping when the phone rang,背景用进
行,插入动作常用过去式。
05 状态动词如know、belong、understand通常不用进行时;I know the answer;同词表示动态意义时可能例
外,如I'm thinking about it。
06 will do常表预测、意愿或临时决定;The phone is ringing. I'll answer it表临时决定,并非所有将来情境都
用will。
07 be going to do常表已有打算或有迹象的预测;I'm going to study tonight表打算,It's going to rain可依据乌
云预测。
08 现在进行时用am/is/are doing,表正在或现阶段进行,如I am reading;也可表已安排的将来,如I'm
meeting her tomorrow。
09 现在完成时用have/has done,强调过去动作与现在的联系;I have lost my key常暗示现在找不到,不能漏
掉助动词have或has。
10 现在完成时通常不与yesterday、last year等明确已结束的过去时间直接搭配;I saw him
yesterday,而非have seen him yesterday。
11 for加时间段并非完成时标志;I worked there for two years可指过去已结束,I have worked here for two
years常指持续到现在。
12 短暂动作的完成式不能直接表示持续状态;说He has been away for three days,不用has left for three days
表示已离开三天。
13 have been to常表去过且已返回,have gone to常表去了尚未回来,have been in常表在某地停留;须结合人
物当前位置判断。
14 过去完成时用had done,表示过去某参照点之前已经发生;When I arrived, the film had started,不能只因
两个动作在过去就一律使用。
15 现在完成进行时用have/has been doing,突出持续过程;I've been waiting for an hour表已等一小时,不保
证以后还会继续。
16 过去时主句后的宾语从句通常相应调整,如He said he was tired;客观事实可保留现在时,如He said that
ice melts。
05 语法·动词/情态/时态/语态
2027年春季高考英语知识清单(天津专用)
被动语态与谓语综合:结构、转换和一致
01 被动语态用be加过去分词,be体现时态和主谓一致;The door was closed by
Tom,不能漏掉was只写closed。
02 一般现在时被动用am/is/are done,如English is spoken here;一般过去时用was/were done,如The bike was
repaired。
03 一般将来时被动用will be done;The work will be finished tomorrow;will后不能直接接finished,必须保留
被动结构中的be。
04 含情态动词的被动用情态动词加be done;The room must be cleaned,不能说must cleaned或must be clean
来表示必须被打扫。
05 现在完成时被动用have/has been done;The windows have been cleaned;been不能漏,have后的结构不同
于主动的have cleaned。
06 主动改被动时,把宾语变主语,原谓语改为相应时态的be done;They built it→It was built,不能改成is
built而丢失过去时间。
07 被动句可用by引出执行者,不明确或不重要时可省略;The cake was made by her,by后用代词宾格,不
用she。
08 只有具备相应宾语关系的动词通常才能构成被动;happen、arrive、die等不及物动词一般不用于被动,
如The accident happened。
09 take place、break out等表示发生的短语通常不用被动;The meeting took place yesterday,不说was taken
place,需整体识别短语。
10 短语动词改被动时不可漏介词或副词;They looked after the child→The child was looked
after,不能遗漏after。
11 双宾语动词常有两种被动形式;He was given a book,A book was given to him;后者须保留适当介词to,
不能随意省略。
12 主动中使役、感官动词后的不带to不定式,改被动常恢复to;They made him wait→He was made to wait,
不说was made wait。
13 感官动词后若原用doing,改被动仍可保留doing;They saw him running→He was seen running,不能把所
有补语一律改成to do。
14 部分动词可用主动形式表达被动意义,如The book sells well;描述事物特性时一般不改成is sold well,也
不同于实际售卖事件。
15 be加过去分词可描述状态,如The door is closed;进行时被动用be being done,如The door is being painted
表示门正在被刷漆。
16 被动谓语与主语保持数的一致;The letters were sent,The letter was sent;by后的执行者不决定be的单复
数。
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