定语从句 课件- -2027届高考英语一轮复习专项

定语从句 定语的概念 请说出下列句子分别用什么词来作定语。 1. Mary is a beautiful girl. 2. Mary is a woman teacher. 3. The boy there needs a pen. 4. This is her story-book. 5. I have five dictionaries. 6. The man with a camera is my father. 7. I have something to do. 8. The pen bought by her is made in China. 思考: 同样做定语，其位置有何不同？ (形容词作定语) (名词作定语) (副词作定语) (代词作定语) (数词作定语) (介词短语作定语) (动词不定式作定语) (过去分词短语作定语) 一般来说，单个词作定语通常放在它所修饰、限定名（代）词的前面，叫前置定语；短语作定语要放在它所修饰名（代）词的后面，叫后置定语。 以上句中，用来修饰、限定、说明名词、名词短语或代词的品质与特征的成分就是定语。定语主要由形容词(短语)、名词(短语)、副词(短语)、代词、数词、介词短语、动词不定式(短语)、分词(短语)等相当于形容词的词、形容词性短语或句子来充当。汉语中常用"......的"表示， 请选择下列中文句子的正确英文翻译。 飞机是一种会飞的机器。 1. A plane is a can fly machine. 2. A plane is a machine can fly. 3. A plane is a machine that/which can fly. × (短语作定语时应置后) √ (动词或动词短语作谓语，不能做定语) × (排除法，该项正确) 思考: 为什么最后一个句子是正确的呢? 句中的that/which又是怎么一回事呢？这就是我们今天要讲的定语从句。 定语从句概念 简单地说，前面我们讲的定语是用词或短语来充当。现在我们要讲的是用句子来充当定语，做定语的这个句子就称为定语从句。 概念: 在复合句中，用来修饰名词、代词的从句。 下列句中的 “that/which can fly ”就是一个定语从句，其作用是修饰其前的名词machine，被修饰的名词machine称为先行词，引导定语从句的that/which称为关系代词，在定语从句中作主语。 A plane is a machine that/which can fly. 定语从句 先行词 关系代词 我们必须清楚： 1. 定语从句的作用是修饰其前的名/代词，相当于一个形容词（不管它有多长，我们都只把它当一个形容词看待）； 2. 它是一个从句，从属于主句，是主句（A plane is a machine）的一个成分(即定语)。 3.“主句 + 从句”构成复合句。 1 定语从句的位置 ONE 定语从句要放在它所修饰的名（代）词的后面。 The man who is talking with our teacher is my father. 正在和我们老师谈话的那个男子是我的爸爸。 There is nothing that I can do for you. 没什么我能为你做的事。 This is the house that/which I lived in ten years ago. 这是我十年前住的房子。 注意：定语从句在汉语和英语中的位置刚好相反。 2 关系词的功能作用 TWO 关系词常有3个功能： 　　 ① 起连词作用，连接主句和从句,引导定语从句。 ② 指代主句中的先行词，甚至可能是主句中的一部分或者整个主句。 　　 ③ 在定语从句中充当句子的一个成分(主语、宾语、定语、状语)。 Mary is a girl who has long hair. (Mary 是一个留长发的女孩。) 例句中关系代词who的3个功能: 1. 起连词作用，连接主句Mary is a girl和从句who has long hair，同时，引导定语从句; 2. 指代主句中的先行词 the girl; 3. 在定语从句who has long hair中充当句子的主语。 关系词 关系代词 （在从句中作主语、宾语、定语） 关系副词 （在从句中作状语） 注：定语从句的关系词无what和how。 when 指代定语从句事件发生时间的先行词 (在从句内部作状语) where 指代定语从句事件发生地点的先行词 (在从句内部作状语) why 指代定语从句事件发生原因的先行词 (在从句内部作状语) that 指代表示人、物的先行词(在从句内部作主语、宾语) which 指代表示物的先行词(在从句内部作主语、宾语) who 指代表示人的先行词(在从句内部作主语) whom(who的宾格形式)指代表示人的先行词(在从句内部作宾语) whose 指代表示人或物先行词的所有格，表示”...的“，(在从句内部作定语) as(用法见教材语法专题P576) 关系词是如何由先行词决定的，其选用步骤如下： 1. 找出先行词 2. 尝试把先行词放入定语从句中，如果说得通、语法正确，说明先行词在从句中作主语、宾语或定语，如果放在哪个位置都说不通，说明先行词在从句中作状语） 3. 根据先行词指人、物、时间、地点、原因等属性以及在定语从句中的语法功能选用合适的关系词。 关系词的选用: 由先行词决定 基础热身（认识定语） 1. 那个高个子男孩是我的同学。 The tall boy is my classmate.（tall 前置定语） 2. 这是一本有趣的英语书。 This is an interesting English book.（interesting 前置定语） 13 基础限制性定语从句（who /that/which，最常考，句子短） 3. 坐在窗边的那个女孩是我的好朋友。 The girl who is sitting by the window is my good friend. 4. 我昨天看见的那只猫很可爱。 The cat (that/which) I saw yesterday is very cute. 5. 放在桌上的手机是我的。 The mobile phone (that/which) is on the desk is mine. 6. 正在讲课的那位老师很耐心。 The teacher who is giving a lesson is very patient. 14 中等难度（基础关系词who /that/which） 7. 你刚才遇见的那个男生来自二班。 The boy (whom/who) you met just now is from Class Two. 8. 我喜欢那棵长在操场的大树。 I like the big tree that/which grows on the playground. 15 稍微拔高（whose /where） 9. 那个窗户朝南的教室很明亮。 The classroom whose window faces south is very bright. 10. 我们上课的那栋楼就在图书馆旁边。 The building where we have classes is next to the library. 16 Oaks and sweetgums, which currently account for a majority of the city’s trees, produce huge amounts of a chemical substance called isoprene.Harmless by itself,（26年c篇阅读理解） The research, carried out by scientists at the Columbia Climate School and other institutions, found that if the city maintains past species patterns in new plantings, isoprene production in Manhattan in coming decades will go up by about 140%, and resulting summer ozone levels as much as 30%. 阅读理解中的定语从句通常在c/d两篇阅读理解中较常见，并且会有涉及相应问题的答案，学会定位再判断主句表达的意思。从而选出答案 17 考点分层演练 层级一 基础达标练 1.The old man turned his business over to his younger son，______ made his elder son discouraged. 2.I will never forget such a beautiful village ______ I spent my childhood with my grandparents. 3.There they met people from other parts of the country，_____ had also volunteered to help. 4.There are many good websites _______ you can check out the latest in the science world. which where who where 5.He decided to go to Stanford because there were many opportunities for people _________ wanted to work in Silicon Valley. 6.Incense(香) found wider popularity during the Ming and Qing dynasties ______ it was used to fend off diseases，insects，mosquitoes and preserve people’s health. 7.Over the years，I have met some interesting people.Two of the most interesting people were two elderly sisters，Joan and Bernice，________ way of talking about people inspired me. 8._____ an official document explained，tea is a fundamental cultural element to Chinese people’s daily life. who/that when whose As 9.The reason ______ the 12th lunar month is called la yue has a lot to do with the custom of sacrifice. 10.Zhou is working with a group of highly educated and skilled young people，most of _______ hold doctorate degrees. why whom 层级二 高考真题练 1.Tanya is also looking beyond special-occasion dresses to less formal clothing，_______ she plans to package as capsule wardrobes and offer to travellers.(2025·浙江1月) 2.An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go，or weiqi in Chinese，_______ originated in China more than 4,000 years ago.(2025·全国一) 3.Yet now，I live in the countryside of Zhejiang，China with my Chinese husband and his family，_______ bamboo and tea bushes(灌木) grow wild in the mountains.(2025·全国二) which which where 4.The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design，to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing(追溯) the steps along the Silk Route ___________ brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness of gardening in England.(2024·新课标Ⅰ) 5.Chinese cultural elements commemorating(纪念) Tang Xianzu，______ is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia，” add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon，William Shakespeare’s hometown. (2024·新课标Ⅱ) which/that who 6.Of course，shops are not charities—they price goods in the way ______ ______ will make them the most money.(2024·浙江1月) 7.Yellowstone was the largest United States national park—2.2 million acres—until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska，______ became a national monument in 1978，took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres.(2024·全国甲) 8.But for all its ancient buildings，Beijing is also a place ____________ welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life.(2023·全国乙) that/ which which which/that 9.There was once a town in the heart of America _______ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co-existence with its surroundings.(2023·全国甲) 10.Kim Cobb，a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta，is one of a small but growing minority of academics _________ are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change. (2022·浙江1月) where who/that 层级三 语篇提能练 There was a time 1._____ I was tired of learning English and disliked to speak English.And this was the reason 2._____ my father forced me to join in a 30-day training in an English club before I went to senior high school.When I first came to the club，3.______ I met many strangers，I missed my parents very much.So I packed up my things and wanted to go home.Fortunately，my guide,4.________ teacher was Yu Minhong，communicated with me face to face.He，from 5._______ I gained some useful instructions，also showed me a good partner，and we got along well with each other.Gradually I adapted to the life there. when why where whose whom Every day I would like to talk to other teenagers and set down a series of activities 6.__________ we did.I should be grateful to my father and the guide,7._____ encouraged me to fall in love with English.Now I feel it interesting to learn English，into 8._______ I put my entire energy.Every day I read my words and passages aloud.In class I join in English discussions.Before I go to sleep，I recall the passages，through 9._______ I can memorize a large number of new words.10.____ our English teacher says，“As long as you form the habit of learning English every day and have perseverance，you will conquer English sooner or later.” that/which who which which As 返回 写作增分亮句 1.关系代词引导的定语从句运用于写作 典例1　(2025·上海1月)课程A可能更适合那些倾向于完全远程学习，并且只想专注于考试的学生。 Course A may appeal to those who prefer fully remote learning and singularly focus on exams. 运用　(2025·浙江1月)于是，他被托付给了住在隔壁的希尔老太太照看。 Therefore，he was left in the care of Mrs Hill，______________________ _________. an old lady who lived next door 典例2　(2025·全国二)我借助生动的手势，向同学们阐释了我名字中的秋雨意象，成功吸引了全班的注意力。 Using vivid gestures to demonstrate the autumn rain imagery that/which defined my name，I engaged the class attention. 运用　(2025·天津)他们定会惊叹于我们这个传统与科技并重的文明。 They are sure to marvel at our civilization __________________________ _______________________. that/which values both tradition and technology 2.关系副词引导的定语从句运用于写作 典例　(2025·浙江1月)两人一同进屋，只见格林先生伸手掀开一块地板，那块手表便赫然出现在眼前。 Together，they went inside the room，where Mr Green lifted up a floorboard and found the watch. 运用　(2025·天津)您将发现一个精彩纷呈的世界，在这里，您可以学习知识、获得灵感，并深入了解我们的历史与文化。 You’ll find a world full of wonders，_______________________________ ____________________________________________________. where you can learn，be inspired，and have a deeper understanding of our history and culture 3.“介词＋关系词”引导的定语从句运用于写作 典例　(2023·新课标Ⅰ、Ⅱ)那么，为什么他突然强迫我做一件我肯定会失败的事情呢？ So，why did he suddenly force me to do something at which I was sure to fail? 运用　(2024·上海1月)他们明白，文学绝不是脱离实际创造出来的，它反映并塑造了创作它的社会。 They understand that literature，far from being created in a vacuum，both reflects and shapes the society ___________________. in which it is created 4.非限制性定语从句运用于写作 典例　(2025·浙江1月)其一，记录校园生活固然令人向往，但毋庸置疑会严重干扰学生的注意力，这对学生的学业表现势必造成不良影响。 For one thing，despite the fact that recording our school life looks so cool，it definitely distracts our students’ attention，which has negative influences on the academic performance of students. 运用　(2025·全国一)再者，创作此类谜语有赖于对英语的创造性运用，从而能以一种妙趣横生的方式提升我们的语言技能。 Additionally，writing these riddles requires creative use of English，______________________________________________. which can improve our language skills in a fun way THANKS $