Unit 7 Natural Disasters（期中复习讲义）-2026-2027学年高二上学期《英语 基础模块3》（高教版第三版）（原卷版+解析版）

编写说明：2026-2027学年高二上学期《英语期中考点大串讲》以教材单元内容为基准，覆盖单元重点词汇、句型、语法、主题等核心考点，并紧密贴合职教高考真题题型，包括复习课件、讲义和模拟卷，旨在为学生提供全方位、高效的期中复习解决方案。 2026-2027学年高二上学期《英语期中考点大串讲》 Unit 7 Natural Disasters 内容导航 词汇积累·对折自测 句型夯实·语法梳理 单元主题·提升训练 词汇积累·对折自测 （一）重点单词 序号 中文提示 英文答案 英文提示 中文答案 教材语境 1 台风 typhoon typhoon 台风 My flight is canceled due to the typhoon. 2 干旱 drought drought 干旱 3 洪水；水灾 flood flood 洪水；水灾 It seems that there have been more floods these years than before. 4 沙尘暴 sandstorm sandstorm 沙尘暴 It is known that sandstorms are caused naturally by strong winds blowing over loose soil or sand. 5 侵袭；撞击 strike strike 侵袭；撞击 Typhoons and floods strike more frequently and with greater force than before. 6 频繁地 frequently frequently 频繁地 Typhoons and floods strike more frequently and with greater force than before. 7 力量 force force 力量 Typhoons and floods strike more frequently and with greater force than before. 8 污染 pollute pollute 污染 Our environment is badly polluted by human activities. 9 取消；撤销 cancel cancel 取消；撤销 My flight is canceled due to the typhoon. 10 损坏；伤害 damage damage 损坏；伤害 These natural disasters have caused great damage to our life. 11 保护 protect protect 保护 If more people work together, it’ll be possible for us to protect our earth and make it a safe and lovely place to live. 12 防止；阻止 prevent prevent 防止；阻止 It is definitely not in our hands to prevent all disasters. 13 雾霾 smog smog 雾霾 And also the typhoons, wildfires and smog. 14 松的；不牢固的 loose loose 松的；不牢固的 It is known that sandstorms are caused naturally by strong winds blowing over loose soil or sand. 15 土地；土壤 soil soil 土地；土壤 It is known that sandstorms are caused naturally by strong winds blowing over loose soil or sand. 16 促进；提升 promote promote 促进；提升 We are promoting the use of green energy, planting more trees and trying to stop global warming. 17 城市的 urban urban 城市的 Experts tie the problem to rapid urban development, especially tree cutting and related human activities. 18 火山 volcano volcano 火山 A very small part of acid rain comes from volcanoes or wildfires. 19 讨论 discussion discussion 讨论 There have been more and more discussions on natural disasters in recent years. 20 吹 blow blow 吹 It is known that sandstorms are caused naturally by strong winds blowing over loose soil or sand. 21 将……联结 tie tie 将……联结 Experts tie the problem to rapid urban development, especially tree cutting and related human activities. 22 车辆；交通工具 vehicle vehicle 车辆；交通工具 Some people do not pay enough attention to smog, and they don’t know the gases from heavy industry and vehicles partly cause it. 23 全球的 global global 全球的 When these gases enter the air, they also lead to global warming. 24 可持续的 sustainable sustainable 可持续的 Today we are growing too fast to remember the importance of sustainable development for both nature and our human world. 25 认识到 realize realize 认识到 It is lucky that humans have realized the importance of sustainable development as well as environmental protection, and things are getting better. 26 确定地 definitely definitely 确定地 It is definitely not in our hands to prevent all disasters. 27 灾害 disaster disaster 灾害 Some of the natural disasters are caused by human activities. 28 环境 environment environment 环境 We’ve burned too much coal and oil and badly polluted the environment. 29 活动 activity activity 活动 Experts tie the problem to rapid urban development, especially tree cutting and related human activities. 30 专家 expert expert 专家 Experts tie the problem to rapid urban development, especially tree cutting and related human activities. 31 气体 gas gas 气体 When these gases enter the air, they also lead to global warming. 32 工业 industry industry 工业 Some people do not pay enough attention to smog, and they don’t know the gases from heavy industry and vehicles partly cause it. 33 有害的 harmful harmful 有害的 These harmful gases also lead to acid rain, though a very small part of acid rain comes from volcanoes or wildfires. 34 导致 lead to lead to 导致 These harmful gases also lead to acid rain, though a very small part of acid rain comes from volcanoes or wildfires. 35 变暖 warming warming 变暖 We are promoting the use of green energy, planting more trees and trying to stop global warming. 36 能源 energy energy 能源 We are promoting the use of green energy, planting more trees and trying to stop global warming. 37 运输；交通 transportation transportation 运输；交通 People are encouraged to use electric cars and public transportation. 38 鼓励 encourage encourage 鼓励 People are encouraged to use electric cars and public transportation. 39 减少 reduce reduce 减少 But still, we should make some changes to protect the environment, and the number of such disasters is sure to reduce. 40 野火 wildfire wildfire 野火 A very small part of acid rain comes from volcanoes or wildfires. 41 雨 rain rain 雨 These harmful gases also lead to acid rain, though a very small part of acid rain comes from volcanoes or wildfires. 42 树 tree tree 树 We are promoting the use of green energy, planting more trees and trying to stop global warming. 43 电池 battery battery 电池 Chinese car makers are making better electric cars with improved batteries, which last longer and charge faster. 44 充电 charge charge 充电 Chinese car makers are making better electric cars with improved batteries, which last longer and charge faster. 45 替换 replace replace 替换 By replacing traditional gas-powered cars with electric ones, they hope to cut greenhouse gas emissions. 46 气候 climate climate 气候 These efforts aim to create a cleaner, healthier world for everyone, helping to fight climate change and protect the environment. 47 未来 future future 未来 These new planes will create less pollution and be quieter, helping create a better future. （二）重点短语 序号 中文提示 英文答案 英文提示 中文答案 教材语境 1 热浪 heat waves heat waves 热浪 2 作出改变 make a change make a change 作出改变 It’s lucky that people have decided to make a change. 3 酸雨 acid rain acid rain 酸雨 These harmful gases also lead to acid rain, though a very small part of acid rain comes from volcanoes or wildfires. 4 电动汽车 electric car electric car 电动汽车 People are encouraged to use electric cars and public transportation. 5 由于 due to due to 由于 My flight is delayed due to the floods. 6 注意 pay attention to pay attention to 注意 Some people do not pay enough attention to smog, and they don’t know the gases from heavy industry and vehicles partly cause it. 7 导致 lead to lead to 导致 These harmful gases also lead to acid rain, though a very small part of acid rain comes from volcanoes or wildfires. 8 阻止某人做某事 prevent sb. from doing sth. prevent sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事 We should prevent people from using them. 9 为……做贡献 make contributions to make contributions to 为……做贡献 He has made great contributions to the company. 10 共同努力 work together work together 共同努力 If more people work together, it’ll be possible for us to protect our earth and make it a safe and lovely place to live. 11 绿色能源 green energy green energy 绿色能源 We are promoting the use of green energy, planting more trees and trying to stop global warming. 12 新能源汽车 new energy vehicle new energy vehicle 新能源汽车 China is pushing for more new energy vehicles. 13 温室气体 greenhouse gas greenhouse gas 温室气体 By replacing traditional gas-powered cars with electric ones, they hope to cut greenhouse gas emissions. 14 公共交通 public transportation public transportation 公共交通 People are encouraged to use electric cars and public transportation. 15 阻止做某事 stop doing sth. stop doing sth. 阻止做某事 We are promoting the use of green energy, planting more trees and trying to stop global warming. 16 保护环境 protect the environment protect the environment 保护环境 But still, we should make some changes to protect the environment, and the number of such disasters is sure to reduce. 17 越来越多 more and more more and more 越来越多 There have been more and more discussions on natural disasters in recent years. 18 把……与……联系起来 tie ... to ... tie ... to ... 把……与……联系起来 Experts tie the problem to rapid urban development, especially tree cutting and related human activities. 19 近年来 in recent years in recent years 近年来 There have been more and more discussions on natural disasters in recent years. 20 人类活动 human activities human activities 人类活动 Our environment is badly polluted by human activities. 21 可持续发展 sustainable development sustainable development 可持续发展 Today we are growing too fast to remember the importance of sustainable development for both nature and our human world. 句型夯实·语法梳理 1. 描述灾害的发生与影响 strike / happen / break out　侵袭；发生；爆发，主语多为灾害本身。 cause great damage to　给……造成巨大损失；make ... a safe place to live　使……成为安全的居所。 Floods and typhoons strike this area almost every summer.　洪水和台风几乎每年夏天都侵袭这一带。 教材原句：Typhoons and floods strike more frequently and with greater force than before. 教材原句：These natural disasters have caused great damage to our life. 2. 说明原因与结果 due to / because of　由于；lead to / cause　导致，引起。 be caused by　由……引起；result in　造成（结果）。 Many flights were canceled due to the heavy rain.　许多航班因大雨而取消。 教材原句：My flight is canceled due to the typhoon. 教材原句：Some of the natural disasters are caused by human activities. 教材原句：Many of the natural disasters are due to the environmental damage caused by human activities. 3. 名词性从句：四种类型 名词性从句在句子中起名词的作用，按位置分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 引导词分三类：that（不作成分）、whether / if（是否）、连接代词与连接副词（what, which, who, how, when, where, why 等）。 That she passed the exam made us happy.　她通过了考试，这让我们很高兴。（主语从句） Whether he will come is still unknown.　他是否会来还不清楚。（主语从句） The fact is that small actions matter.　事实是，小小的行动也很重要。（表语从句） 教材原句：The fact is that he couldn’t use the computer. 教材原句：There have been more and more discussions on natural disasters in recent years. 4. 用 it 作形式主语的主语从句 常用句型：It is said / known / true / lucky that ...；It doesn’t matter whether ...。 It is reported that the number of such disasters is falling.　据报道，此类灾害的数量正在下降。 教材原句：It is true that these disasters are not actually all that natural. 教材原句：It is known that sandstorms are caused naturally by strong winds blowing over loose soil or sand. 教材原句：It is said that the first bridge was built more than three centuries ago. 5. whether 与 if 引导的名词性从句 whether 意为“是否”，可引导全部四种名词性从句；if 只能引导宾语从句。 在介词后、句首主语从句中以及与 or not 直接连用时，只能用 whether。 It doesn’t matter whether you go by bus or by train.　你坐公共汽车还是坐火车，都没关系。 教材原句：It won’t make too much difference whether we have it or not. 教材原句：It doesn’t matter whether you pay cash or by credit card. 6. 连接代词引导的名词性从句 what 表示“所……的东西”，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语；which / who / whose 表示选择或指人。 What I suggest is to take immediate action to protect our planet.　我建议的就是立即采取行动保护我们的星球。 The question is who will take charge of the clean-up.　问题是谁来负责这次清扫。 教材原句：The problem is which team will be chosen. What worried us most was the damage caused by the flood.　最令我们担心的是洪水造成的损失。 7. 连接副词引导的名词性从句 how 表示方式；when / where 表示时间与地点；why 表示原因。它们后面都接陈述语序。 That is why the school canceled all the classes that day.　这就是那天学校停掉所有课程的原因。 教材原句：The most important thing is how we can get more people to join us. 教材原句：That is why they decided to hold a meeting. 8. 名词性从句的语序与时态 名词性从句一律用陈述语序，不能用疑问语序。 主句是过去时，宾语从句一般用相应的过去时态；从句表示客观真理时仍用一般现在时。 Could you tell me where we can buy the tickets?　你能告诉我们在哪里买票吗？ He asked whether the flight had been canceled.　他问航班是否已经被取消。 9. 易错提醒 that 在宾语从句中常可省略，但在主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中一般不能省略。 The reason why ... is that ...　表语从句用 that，不能用 because。 教材原句：Experts tie the problem to rapid urban development, especially tree cutting and related human activities. 教材原句：A very small part of acid rain comes from volcanoes or wildfires. 10. 环境保护的常用表达 promote the use of green energy　推广使用绿色能源；stop global warming　阻止全球变暖。 make a change to our way of life　改变我们的生活方式；protect the environment　保护环境。 People are encouraged to use electric cars and public transportation.　人们被鼓励使用电动汽车和公共交通。 We should make some changes to protect the environment.　我们应该做出一些改变来保护环境。 教材原句：We’ve burned too much coal and oil and badly polluted the environment. 教材原句：It’s lucky that people have decided to make a change. 教材原句：It is definitely not in our hands to prevent all disasters. 教材原句：If more people work together, it’ll be possible for us to protect our earth and make it a safe and lovely place to live. 即时训练（建议用时：10分钟） 一、单项选择 1. ____ he said at the meeting surprised us all. A. That　B. Which　C. What　D. Whether 2. It is known ____ sandstorms are caused by strong winds. A. what　B. that　C. whether　D. how 3. The problem is ____ we can finish the work on time. A. what　B. that　C. whether　D. which 4. ____ we go or not depends on the weather. A. If　B. Whether　C. That　D. What 5. That is ____ they decided to cancel the flight. A. why　B. because　C. what　D. which 二、用所给词的适当形式填空 6. It is ______ (say) that the bridge was built more than three centuries ago. 7. The fact is ______ small actions matter. 8. I don’t know ______ the meeting will be held or not. 9. ______ (what) I suggest is to take action at once. 10. It doesn’t matter ______ you pay cash or by credit card. 【答案】 1.C　2.B　3.C　4.B　5.A　6.said　7.that　8.whether　9.What　10.whether 【解析】 1. 从句作主语且缺少 said 的宾语，用连接代词 what，选 C。 2. It is known that ... 是固定句型，that 只起连接作用，选 B。 3. 表语从句表示“是否”，用 whether，选 C。 4. 主语从句位于句首，只能用 Whether，不能用 If，选 B。 5. That is why ... 表示“那就是……的原因”，选 A。 6. It is said that ... 是固定句型，填过去分词 said。 7. 表语从句用 that 引导，且不能省略，填 that。 8. 与 or not 连用只能用 whether，填 whether。 9. 从句作主语且缺少宾语，用 What，注意首字母大写。 10. It doesn’t matter whether ... 是固定句型，填 whether。 单元主题·提升训练 一、阅读理解 Typhoon Dolphin was the 13th typhoon of the year. It landed in Zhejiang twice and brought heavy rain, strong winds and even tornadoes (龙卷风) to Shanghai. For about 25 million people, it was a real test of the city’s basic facilities and emergency services. It was the first time since Typhoon Fitow in 2013 that a red rainstorm warning had been issued in the city’s central area. Winds above force 8 lasted for about 48 hours, and many flights and trains had to be canceled. In the 72 hours from 8 am on Saturday, a street in Xuhui district recorded 498.9 millimeters (毫米) of rain. That was the highest total since automatic weather stations began keeping records in Shanghai this century. At the Xujiahui station, 316.1 millimeters fell in 24 hours - about two summers’ worth of rain - breaking the station’s 154-year-old daily record. The water rose across the city. Of the 45 representative hydrological (水文的) stations, 42 went above the warning level (警戒水位), and 23 of them set new records. Firefighters and volunteers worked through the night to move people to safe places. Extreme weather is becoming harder to predict. Whether a city can hold on depends on how early it prepares and how carefully it plans. When the next storm comes, that preparation will be the city’s best protection. 1. What do we know about Typhoon Dolphin? A. It was the first typhoon of the year. B. It landed only once in Zhejiang. C. It brought nothing but strong winds. D. It tested the city’s emergency services. 2. How long did the winds above force 8 last? A. About 24 hours. B. About 48 hours. C. About 72 hours. D. About 154 hours. 3. What does the figure 498.9 millimeters show? A. The highest rain total in the city this century. B. The depth of the water in the streets. C. The rainfall of two whole summers. D. The daily record of the Xujiahui station. 4. What happened to the hydrological stations in the city? A. All of them stayed below the warning level. B. Most of them were closed during the typhoon. C. Most of them went above the warning level. D. They recorded less rain than in 2013. 5. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Typhoons never come to big cities. B. A big city’s ability to hold on depends on early and careful preparation. C. Shanghai has already solved all its water problems. D. Weather records mean little to a modern city. 【答案】1. D　2. B　3. A　4. C　5. B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，以台风“海豚”过境上海为例，用真实降雨与水文数据说明极端天气对超大城市基础设施和应急能力的检验。 【详解】1. 细节理解题。第一段指出这场台风对约2500万居民而言是对城市基础设施与应急服务的真实检验，故选 D。 2. 细节理解题。第二段说明8级以上大风持续约48小时，故选 B。 3. 细节理解题。第三段指出498.9毫米是本世纪上海自动气象站记录到的最高累计雨量，故选 A。 4. 细节理解题。第四段说明45个代表水文站中有42个超过警戒水位，即大多数超过警戒水位，故选 C。 5. 主旨大意题。末段点明城市能否扛住取决于准备得多早、多细，故选 B。 二、完形填空 My phone rang six times before seven in the morning. Every message in our community chat said the same thing: the typhoon would ____6____ the city in the evening, so we should get ready. My father carried the flower pots from the balcony (阳台) into the living room, and my mother went to the supermarket for two days’ food and water. By nine o’clock, the shelves there were almost ____7____. Notices appeared at the door of every building, and school was ____8____ for the day. On the third floor, an old man who lived alone ____9____ to leave his flat. Neighbors took turns going upstairs to talk with him. In the end, we helped him pack his medicine and clothes, and we all went to the shelter (避难所) together. At night the rain hit the windows hard, and a big tree in front of our building was blown down and ____10____ two bicycles. That evening our family sat quietly in the living room ____11____, and I began to understand how much a storm can change an ordinary day. We cannot stop the ____12____ of nature, but we can ____13____ before it comes. The rain stopped the next morning. Neighbors came out to clean up the leaves and broken branches together. Later I learned that the city had ____14____ well: schools, buses and trains stopped early, and more than 300,000 people were moved to safe places. If we act ____15____, we can keep our city safe, and that is what I will always remember about that week. 6. A. hit　B. leave　C. cross　D. save 7. A. full　B. cheap　C. empty　D. fresh 8. A. opened　B. canceled　C. late　D. free 9. A. agreed　B. hoped　C. wanted　D. refused 10. A. repaired　B. borrowed　C. crushed　D. found 11. A. together　B. alone　C. quickly　D. sadly 12. A. force　B. beauty　C. sound　D. power 13. A. wait　B. prepare　C. hide　D. leave 14. A. rested　B. returned　C. prepared　D. waited 15. A. alone　B. early　C. slowly　D. quietly 【答案】6. A　7. C　8. B　9. D　10. C　11. A　12. D　13. B　14. C　15. B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，以第一人称讲述台风登陆前一天“我”一家的准备、邻里帮助独居老人转移，以及灾后共同清理的经历。 【详解】6. 社区群消息说台风傍晚将“袭击”这座城市，hit 意为“袭击”，选 A。 7. 由下文买两天食物和水的描述可知，货架几乎空了，empty 意为“空的”，选 C。 8. 台风天学校停课，cancel 意为“取消”，选 B。 9. 后文写邻居轮流上楼劝说，说明老人起初不肯离开，refuse 意为“拒绝”，选 D。 10. 大树被吹倒并压住了两辆自行车，crush 意为“压坏”，选 C。 11. 与下文一家人安静相处的描写呼应，此处指一家人第一次“一起”坐在客厅里，选 A。 12. 自然灾害的“力量”无法阻挡，power 意为“力量”，选 D。 13. 与下文城市提前停课停运、转移群众呼应，我们能做的是提前“准备”，选 B。 14. 后文列举停课、停运与转移群众等措施，说明这座城市准备充分，prepare 意为“准备”，选 C。 15. 只有“提前”行动，才能把城市守护好，early 意为“早地”，选 B。 三、写作 16. 假如你是李华，你所在的城市前几天遭遇了一次极端天气。请你给英国朋友 Chris 写一封 80 词左右的电子邮件，讲述这次经历。 内容包括： 1. 极端天气发生的时间和类型；2. 当时的情况以及你们是如何应对的； 3. 你的感受。 注意：不得出现真实信息，可适当增加细节。 【参考范文】 Dear Chris, Last Friday a heavy rainstorm hit our city. The sky turned dark at noon, and the wind blew so hard that our classes were canceled. My father and I stayed at home and put towels along the windows to keep the water out. The rain stopped the next morning. Neighbors came out and cleaned the fallen branches together, and nobody was hurt. Extreme weather is frightening, but I have learned how important it is to get ready early. Yours, Li Hua 【写作思路】按“交代天气事件的时间与类型—描述当时的情况与应对—表达感受”展开。正文用 cancel、blow、damage 等本单元词汇再现当时场景，并说明停课、防风等应对措施，最后点明提前准备的重要性。 【句式拓展】1. Last Friday a heavy rainstorm hit our city. 用于开头交代时间与天气类型，简洁有力。 2. The wind blew so hard that ... 用于描写极端天气造成的直接结果。 3. ... came out and cleaned ... together 用于描写灾后邻里互助的场景。 4. I have learned how important it is to get ready early. 用于结尾总结感受，呼应单元目标 share ideas on environmental protection。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 编写说明：2026-2027学年高二上学期《英语期中考点大串讲》以教材单元内容为基准，覆盖单元重点词汇、句型、语法、主题等核心考点，并紧密贴合职教高考真题题型，包括复习课件、讲义和模拟卷，旨在为学生提供全方位、高效的期中复习解决方案。 2026-2027学年高二上学期《英语期中考点大串讲》 Unit 7 Natural Disasters 内容导航 词汇积累·对折自测 句型夯实·语法梳理 单元主题·提升训练 词汇积累·对折自测 （一）重点单词 序号 中文提示 英文答案 英文提示 中文答案 教材语境 1 台风 typhoon My flight is canceled due to the typhoon. 2 干旱 drought 3 洪水；水灾 flood It seems that there have been more floods these years than before. 4 沙尘暴 sandstorm It is known that sandstorms are caused naturally by strong winds blowing over loose soil or sand. 5 侵袭；撞击 strike Typhoons and floods strike more frequently and with greater force than before. 6 频繁地 frequently Typhoons and floods strike more frequently and with greater force than before. 7 力量 force Typhoons and floods strike more frequently and with greater force than before. 8 污染 pollute Our environment is badly polluted by human activities. 9 取消；撤销 cancel My flight is canceled due to the typhoon. 10 损坏；伤害 damage These natural disasters have caused great damage to our life. 11 保护 protect If more people work together, it’ll be possible for us to protect our earth and make it a safe and lovely place to live. 12 防止；阻止 prevent It is definitely not in our hands to prevent all disasters. 13 雾霾 smog And also the typhoons, wildfires and smog. 14 松的；不牢固的 loose It is known that sandstorms are caused naturally by strong winds blowing over loose soil or sand. 15 土地；土壤 soil It is known that sandstorms are caused naturally by strong winds blowing over loose soil or sand. 16 促进；提升 promote We are promoting the use of green energy, planting more trees and trying to stop global warming. 17 城市的 urban Experts tie the problem to rapid urban development, especially tree cutting and related human activities. 18 火山 volcano A very small part of acid rain comes from volcanoes or wildfires. 19 讨论 discussion There have been more and more discussions on natural disasters in recent years. 20 吹 blow It is known that sandstorms are caused naturally by strong winds blowing over loose soil or sand. 21 将……联结 tie Experts tie the problem to rapid urban development, especially tree cutting and related human activities. 22 车辆；交通工具 vehicle Some people do not pay enough attention to smog, and they don’t know the gases from heavy industry and vehicles partly cause it. 23 全球的 global When these gases enter the air, they also lead to global warming. 24 可持续的 sustainable Today we are growing too fast to remember the importance of sustainable development for both nature and our human world. 25 认识到 realize It is lucky that humans have realized the importance of sustainable development as well as environmental protection, and things are getting better. 26 确定地 definitely It is definitely not in our hands to prevent all disasters. 27 灾害 disaster Some of the natural disasters are caused by human activities. 28 环境 environment We’ve burned too much coal and oil and badly polluted the environment. 29 活动 activity Experts tie the problem to rapid urban development, especially tree cutting and related human activities. 30 专家 expert Experts tie the problem to rapid urban development, especially tree cutting and related human activities. 31 气体 gas When these gases enter the air, they also lead to global warming. 32 工业 industry Some people do not pay enough attention to smog, and they don’t know the gases from heavy industry and vehicles partly cause it. 33 有害的 harmful These harmful gases also lead to acid rain, though a very small part of acid rain comes from volcanoes or wildfires. 34 导致 lead to These harmful gases also lead to acid rain, though a very small part of acid rain comes from volcanoes or wildfires. 35 变暖 warming We are promoting the use of green energy, planting more trees and trying to stop global warming. 36 能源 energy We are promoting the use of green energy, planting more trees and trying to stop global warming. 37 运输；交通 transportation People are encouraged to use electric cars and public transportation. 38 鼓励 encourage People are encouraged to use electric cars and public transportation. 39 减少 reduce But still, we should make some changes to protect the environment, and the number of such disasters is sure to reduce. 40 野火 wildfire A very small part of acid rain comes from volcanoes or wildfires. 41 雨 rain These harmful gases also lead to acid rain, though a very small part of acid rain comes from volcanoes or wildfires. 42 树 tree We are promoting the use of green energy, planting more trees and trying to stop global warming. 43 电池 battery Chinese car makers are making better electric cars with improved batteries, which last longer and charge faster. 44 充电 charge Chinese car makers are making better electric cars with improved batteries, which last longer and charge faster. 45 替换 replace By replacing traditional gas-powered cars with electric ones, they hope to cut greenhouse gas emissions. 46 气候 climate These efforts aim to create a cleaner, healthier world for everyone, helping to fight climate change and protect the environment. 47 未来 future These new planes will create less pollution and be quieter, helping create a better future. （二）重点短语 序号 中文提示 英文答案 英文提示 中文答案 教材语境 1 热浪 heat waves 2 作出改变 make a change It’s lucky that people have decided to make a change. 3 酸雨 acid rain These harmful gases also lead to acid rain, though a very small part of acid rain comes from volcanoes or wildfires. 4 电动汽车 electric car People are encouraged to use electric cars and public transportation. 5 由于 due to My flight is delayed due to the floods. 6 注意 pay attention to Some people do not pay enough attention to smog, and they don’t know the gases from heavy industry and vehicles partly cause it. 7 导致 lead to These harmful gases also lead to acid rain, though a very small part of acid rain comes from volcanoes or wildfires. 8 阻止某人做某事 prevent sb. from doing sth. We should prevent people from using them. 9 为……做贡献 make contributions to He has made great contributions to the company. 10 共同努力 work together If more people work together, it’ll be possible for us to protect our earth and make it a safe and lovely place to live. 11 绿色能源 green energy We are promoting the use of green energy, planting more trees and trying to stop global warming. 12 新能源汽车 new energy vehicle China is pushing for more new energy vehicles. 13 温室气体 greenhouse gas By replacing traditional gas-powered cars with electric ones, they hope to cut greenhouse gas emissions. 14 公共交通 public transportation People are encouraged to use electric cars and public transportation. 15 阻止做某事 stop doing sth. We are promoting the use of green energy, planting more trees and trying to stop global warming. 16 保护环境 protect the environment But still, we should make some changes to protect the environment, and the number of such disasters is sure to reduce. 17 越来越多 more and more There have been more and more discussions on natural disasters in recent years. 18 把……与……联系起来 tie ... to ... Experts tie the problem to rapid urban development, especially tree cutting and related human activities. 19 近年来 in recent years There have been more and more discussions on natural disasters in recent years. 20 人类活动 human activities Our environment is badly polluted by human activities. 21 可持续发展 sustainable development Today we are growing too fast to remember the importance of sustainable development for both nature and our human world. 句型夯实·语法梳理 1. 描述灾害的发生与影响 strike / happen / break out　侵袭；发生；爆发，主语多为灾害本身。 cause great damage to　给……造成巨大损失；make ... a safe place to live　使……成为安全的居所。 Floods and typhoons strike this area almost every summer.　洪水和台风几乎每年夏天都侵袭这一带。 教材原句：Typhoons and floods strike more frequently and with greater force than before. 教材原句：These natural disasters have caused great damage to our life. 2. 说明原因与结果 due to / because of　由于；lead to / cause　导致，引起。 be caused by　由……引起；result in　造成（结果）。 Many flights were canceled due to the heavy rain.　许多航班因大雨而取消。 教材原句：My flight is canceled due to the typhoon. 教材原句：Some of the natural disasters are caused by human activities. 教材原句：Many of the natural disasters are due to the environmental damage caused by human activities. 3. 名词性从句：四种类型 名词性从句在句子中起名词的作用，按位置分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 引导词分三类：that（不作成分）、whether / if（是否）、连接代词与连接副词（what, which, who, how, when, where, why 等）。 That she passed the exam made us happy.　她通过了考试，这让我们很高兴。（主语从句） Whether he will come is still unknown.　他是否会来还不清楚。（主语从句） The fact is that small actions matter.　事实是，小小的行动也很重要。（表语从句） 教材原句：The fact is that he couldn’t use the computer. 教材原句：There have been more and more discussions on natural disasters in recent years. 4. 用 it 作形式主语的主语从句 常用句型：It is said / known / true / lucky that ...；It doesn’t matter whether ...。 It is reported that the number of such disasters is falling.　据报道，此类灾害的数量正在下降。 教材原句：It is true that these disasters are not actually all that natural. 教材原句：It is known that sandstorms are caused naturally by strong winds blowing over loose soil or sand. 教材原句：It is said that the first bridge was built more than three centuries ago. 5. whether 与 if 引导的名词性从句 whether 意为“是否”，可引导全部四种名词性从句；if 只能引导宾语从句。 在介词后、句首主语从句中以及与 or not 直接连用时，只能用 whether。 It doesn’t matter whether you go by bus or by train.　你坐公共汽车还是坐火车，都没关系。 教材原句：It won’t make too much difference whether we have it or not. 教材原句：It doesn’t matter whether you pay cash or by credit card. 6. 连接代词引导的名词性从句 what 表示“所……的东西”，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语；which / who / whose 表示选择或指人。 What I suggest is to take immediate action to protect our planet.　我建议的就是立即采取行动保护我们的星球。 The question is who will take charge of the clean-up.　问题是谁来负责这次清扫。 教材原句：The problem is which team will be chosen. What worried us most was the damage caused by the flood.　最令我们担心的是洪水造成的损失。 7. 连接副词引导的名词性从句 how 表示方式；when / where 表示时间与地点；why 表示原因。它们后面都接陈述语序。 That is why the school canceled all the classes that day.　这就是那天学校停掉所有课程的原因。 教材原句：The most important thing is how we can get more people to join us. 教材原句：That is why they decided to hold a meeting. 8. 名词性从句的语序与时态 名词性从句一律用陈述语序，不能用疑问语序。 主句是过去时，宾语从句一般用相应的过去时态；从句表示客观真理时仍用一般现在时。 Could you tell me where we can buy the tickets?　你能告诉我们在哪里买票吗？ He asked whether the flight had been canceled.　他问航班是否已经被取消。 9. 易错提醒 that 在宾语从句中常可省略，但在主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中一般不能省略。 The reason why ... is that ...　表语从句用 that，不能用 because。 教材原句：Experts tie the problem to rapid urban development, especially tree cutting and related human activities. 教材原句：A very small part of acid rain comes from volcanoes or wildfires. 10. 环境保护的常用表达 promote the use of green energy　推广使用绿色能源；stop global warming　阻止全球变暖。 make a change to our way of life　改变我们的生活方式；protect the environment　保护环境。 People are encouraged to use electric cars and public transportation.　人们被鼓励使用电动汽车和公共交通。 We should make some changes to protect the environment.　我们应该做出一些改变来保护环境。 教材原句：We’ve burned too much coal and oil and badly polluted the environment. 教材原句：It’s lucky that people have decided to make a change. 教材原句：It is definitely not in our hands to prevent all disasters. 教材原句：If more people work together, it’ll be possible for us to protect our earth and make it a safe and lovely place to live. 即时训练（建议用时：10分钟） 一、单项选择 1. ____ he said at the meeting surprised us all. A. That　B. Which　C. What　D. Whether 2. It is known ____ sandstorms are caused by strong winds. A. what　B. that　C. whether　D. how 3. The problem is ____ we can finish the work on time. A. what　B. that　C. whether　D. which 4. ____ we go or not depends on the weather. A. If　B. Whether　C. That　D. What 5. That is ____ they decided to cancel the flight. A. why　B. because　C. what　D. which 二、用所给词的适当形式填空 6. It is ______ (say) that the bridge was built more than three centuries ago. 7. The fact is ______ small actions matter. 8. I don’t know ______ the meeting will be held or not. 9. ______ (what) I suggest is to take action at once. 10. It doesn’t matter ______ you pay cash or by credit card. 单元主题·提升训练 一、阅读理解 Typhoon Dolphin was the 13th typhoon of the year. It landed in Zhejiang twice and brought heavy rain, strong winds and even tornadoes (龙卷风) to Shanghai. For about 25 million people, it was a real test of the city’s basic facilities and emergency services. It was the first time since Typhoon Fitow in 2013 that a red rainstorm warning had been issued in the city’s central area. Winds above force 8 lasted for about 48 hours, and many flights and trains had to be canceled. In the 72 hours from 8 am on Saturday, a street in Xuhui district recorded 498.9 millimeters (毫米) of rain. That was the highest total since automatic weather stations began keeping records in Shanghai this century. At the Xujiahui station, 316.1 millimeters fell in 24 hours - about two summers’ worth of rain - breaking the station’s 154-year-old daily record. The water rose across the city. Of the 45 representative hydrological (水文的) stations, 42 went above the warning level (警戒水位), and 23 of them set new records. Firefighters and volunteers worked through the night to move people to safe places. Extreme weather is becoming harder to predict. Whether a city can hold on depends on how early it prepares and how carefully it plans. When the next storm comes, that preparation will be the city’s best protection. 1. What do we know about Typhoon Dolphin? A. It was the first typhoon of the year. B. It landed only once in Zhejiang. C. It brought nothing but strong winds. D. It tested the city’s emergency services. 2. How long did the winds above force 8 last? A. About 24 hours. B. About 48 hours. C. About 72 hours. D. About 154 hours. 3. What does the figure 498.9 millimeters show? A. The highest rain total in the city this century. B. The depth of the water in the streets. C. The rainfall of two whole summers. D. The daily record of the Xujiahui station. 4. What happened to the hydrological stations in the city? A. All of them stayed below the warning level. B. Most of them were closed during the typhoon. C. Most of them went above the warning level. D. They recorded less rain than in 2013. 5. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Typhoons never come to big cities. B. A big city’s ability to hold on depends on early and careful preparation. C. Shanghai has already solved all its water problems. D. Weather records mean little to a modern city. 二、完形填空 My phone rang six times before seven in the morning. Every message in our community chat said the same thing: the typhoon would ____6____ the city in the evening, so we should get ready. My father carried the flower pots from the balcony (阳台) into the living room, and my mother went to the supermarket for two days’ food and water. By nine o’clock, the shelves there were almost ____7____. Notices appeared at the door of every building, and school was ____8____ for the day. On the third floor, an old man who lived alone ____9____ to leave his flat. Neighbors took turns going upstairs to talk with him. In the end, we helped him pack his medicine and clothes, and we all went to the shelter (避难所) together. At night the rain hit the windows hard, and a big tree in front of our building was blown down and ____10____ two bicycles. That evening our family sat quietly in the living room ____11____, and I began to understand how much a storm can change an ordinary day. We cannot stop the ____12____ of nature, but we can ____13____ before it comes. The rain stopped the next morning. Neighbors came out to clean up the leaves and broken branches together. Later I learned that the city had ____14____ well: schools, buses and trains stopped early, and more than 300,000 people were moved to safe places. If we act ____15____, we can keep our city safe, and that is what I will always remember about that week. 6. A. hit　B. leave　C. cross　D. save 7. A. full　B. cheap　C. empty　D. fresh 8. A. opened　B. canceled　C. late　D. free 9. A. agreed　B. hoped　C. wanted　D. refused 10. A. repaired　B. borrowed　C. crushed　D. found 11. A. together　B. alone　C. quickly　D. sadly 12. A. force　B. beauty　C. sound　D. power 13. A. wait　B. prepare　C. hide　D. leave 14. A. rested　B. returned　C. prepared　D. waited 15. A. alone　B. early　C. slowly　D. quietly 三、写作 16. 假如你是李华，你所在的城市前几天遭遇了一次极端天气。请你给英国朋友 Chris 写一封 80 词左右的电子邮件，讲述这次经历。 内容包括： 1. 极端天气发生的时间和类型；2. 当时的情况以及你们是如何应对的； 3. 你的感受。 注意：不得出现真实信息，可适当增加细节。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $