Unit 5 A fine balance单元语法学案 2026-2027学年外研版英语九年级上册

新外研版英语九年级上册Unit 5 A fine balance单元语法 语法点：that和which引导的定语从句 定义：that和which引导的定语从句用来修饰指物的先行词。 用法： 1. that引导的定语从句 · 先行词：既可以指人，也可以指物 · that在从句中作主语或宾语（作宾语时可以省略） · 教材例句解析： · Streets, beaches and parks that are usually full of people remain empty. (P68) 解析：先行词是Streets, beaches and parks（指物），that在从句中作主语。 翻译：通常挤满人的街道、海滩和公园都空无一人。 · The writer that I like best is Mark Twain. 解析：先行词是the writer（指人），that在从句中作宾语，可以省略。 翻译：我最喜欢的作家是马克·吐温。 2. which引导的定语从句 · 先行词：只能指物 · which在从句中作主语或宾语（作宾语时可以省略） · 教材例句解析： · Without pollution, the natural wonders which have been hidden behind smog for years would appear again. (P69) 解析：先行词是the natural wonders（指物），which在从句中作主语。 翻译：没有污染，那些多年来被烟雾掩盖的自然奇观将会再次出现。 · The photo which we liked best was taken by Zhao Min. 解析：先行词是the photo（指物），which在从句中作宾语，可以省略。 翻译：我们最喜欢的照片是赵敏拍的。 易错点： 1. 只能用that不能用which的情况： · 先行词是all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much等不定代词时 · 先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much等修饰时 · 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时 · 先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last等修饰时 · 先行词既有人又有物时 · 主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时 2. 只能用which不能用that的情况： · 在非限制性定语从句中（有逗号隔开） · 介词后面 课堂练习（that和which引导的定语从句） 选择题 1. The book ______ I bought yesterday is very interesting. A. that B. who C. what D. where 答案：A 解析：先行词是the book（指物），that在从句中作宾语，可以省略。 2. This is the best movie ______ I have ever seen. A. that B. which C. what D. where 答案：A 解析：先行词被形容词最高级the best修饰，只能用that引导定语从句。 3. The house ______ we live in is very big. A. that/which B. who C. what D. where 答案：A 解析：先行词是the house（指物），that/which在从句中作宾语，可以省略。 4. All ______ you have to do is to study hard. A. that B. which C. what D. where 答案：A 解析：先行词是all（不定代词），只能用that引导定语从句。 5. The tree ______ is behind the house is very tall. A. that/which B. who C. what D. where 答案：A 解析：先行词是the tree（指物），that/which在从句中作主语。 填空题 1. The pen ______ I lost yesterday is red. 答案：that/which/不填 解析：先行词是the pen（指物），that/which在从句中作宾语，可以省略。 2. This is the first letter ______ I have received from him. 答案：that/不填 解析：先行词被序数词the first修饰，只能用that引导定语从句，that在从句中作宾语，可以省略。 3. The car ______ is red is mine. 答案：that/which 解析：先行词是the car（指物），that/which在从句中作主语。 Unit 5 单元语法专项练习 一、单项选择（10道） 1. The girl ______ we saw yesterday is my sister. A. who B. which C. what D. where 2. The book ______ is on the desk is mine. A. that/which B. who C. what D. where 3. This is the most beautiful city ______ I have ever visited. A. that B. which C. what D. where 4. The man ______ is talking to our teacher is Tom's father. A. who B. which C. what D. where 5. Everything ______ he said is true. A. that B. which C. what D. where 6. The house ______ we bought last month is very nice. A. that/which B. who C. what D. where 7. This is the only book ______ I need. A. that B. which C. what D. where 8. The students ______ are working hard will pass the exam. A. who B. which C. what D. where 9. The film ______ we watched last night is very exciting. A. that/which B. who C. what D. where 10. Who is the girl ______ is standing there? A. that B. which C. what D. where 二、用所给词的适当形式填空（10道） 1. The book that ______ (be) on the desk is mine. 2. The houses which ______ (be) built last year are very beautiful. 3. The girl who ______ (sing) on the stage is my cousin. 4. The cars that ______ (be) made in Japan are very popular. 5. The boy who ______ (play) football is my brother. 6. The trees which ______ (be) planted last spring are growing well. 7. The teacher who ______ (teach) us English is from America. 8. The movies that ______ (be) directed by Zhang Yimou are very famous. 9. The students who ______ (finish) their homework can go home now. 10. The computer which ______ (break) down yesterday has been repaired. 三、根据中文提示完成句子（10道） 1. 我昨天买的那本书很有趣。 The book ______ I ______ yesterday is very interesting. 2. 这是我看过的最好的电影。 This is the best movie ______ I ______ ______ ______. 3. 我们住的房子很大。 The house ______ we ______ ______ is very big. 4. 你说的一切都是真的。 Everything ______ you ______ is true. 5. 那辆红色的车是我的。 The car ______ ______ red is mine. 6. 这是我需要的唯一的一本书。 This is the only book ______ I ______. 7. 我们昨晚看的电影很精彩。 The film ______ we ______ last night is wonderful. 8. 正在唱歌的那个女孩是谁？ Who is the girl ______ ______ singing? 9. 他写的信已经收到了。 The letter ______ he ______ has been received. 10. 那些正在打篮球的学生是我的同学。 The students ______ ______ ______ basketball are my classmates. 四、语法填空（10道） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Ecosystems are important to all living things. An ecosystem is a community 1. ______ includes living things and non-living things. The rainforest is an ecosystem 2. ______ is very important to us. It is home to more than half of the species on the earth. However, rainforests are disappearing because of human activity. The panda is an animal 3. ______ lives in the rainforests of China. It used to be endangered, but now it is only vulnerable. This is because China's government has made great efforts to protect it. The Giant Panda National Park, 4. ______ is three times as large as Yellowstone National Park, has been created. There are also research centers in 5. ______ over 460 pandas have been born. Protecting pandas is helpful to the survival of a whole ecosystem. The forests 6. ______ they live in are also home to many other animals and plants. We should protect all ecosystems. We should think about how we get along with nature. The world 7. ______ we live in is our only home. There are many things 8. ______ we can do to protect the environment. We can reduce pollution, save water and electricity, and plant more trees. The natural wonders 9. ______ have been hidden behind smog for years will appear again if we take action. Let's work together to protect the ecosystems 10. ______ are important to us all. 五、选词填空（5道） 从方框中选择合适的关系词填空，每个词只能用一次。 who that which 1. The man ______ is wearing a hat is my father. 2. The book ______ I bought yesterday is very interesting. 3. This is the best movie ______ I have ever seen. 4. The house ______ we live in is very big. 5. The girl ______ is singing is my sister. 六、完形填空（10道） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 Ecosystems are important to all living things. They include living things and non-living things 1. ______ work together. The rainforest is one of the most important ecosystems in the world. It is a place 2. ______ many plants and animals live. Rainforests are home to more than half of the species on the earth. However, rainforests are in danger. People are cutting down trees 3. ______ makes the rainforests smaller and smaller. This is bad for the animals and plants 4. ______ live in the rainforests. The panda is an animal 5. ______ lives in the rainforests of China. It used to be endangered. But now, thanks to the efforts of the Chinese government, it is no longer endangered. The government has created many protected areas 6. ______ pandas can live safely. There are also research centers 7. ______ scientists study pandas. Protecting pandas is not only good for pandas, but also good for the whole ecosystem. The forests 8. ______ pandas live in are also home to many other animals and plants. We should all do our part to protect the environment. There are many things 9. ______ we can do. We can reduce pollution, save water and electricity, and plant more trees. If we all work together, we can protect the ecosystems 10. ______ are important to us all. 1. A. that/which B. who C. what D. where 2. A. that/which B. who C. what D. where 3. A. that/which B. who C. what D. where 4. A. that/which B. who C. what D. where 5. A. that/which B. who C. what D. where 6. A. that/which B. who C. what D. where 7. A. that/which B. who C. what D. where 8. A. that/which B. who C. what D. where 9. A. that/which B. who C. what D. where 10. A. that/which B. who C. what D. where 七、阅读理解（1篇，5道选择题） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 Giant pandas are one of the most beloved animals in the world. They are native to China and are known for their black and white fur. Giant pandas used to be endangered. In the 1970s, there were only around 1,000 giant pandas in the wild. This was because their habitat was being destroyed by human activity. However, in recent years, the situation has improved. In 2016, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) moved the giant panda from "endangered" to "vulnerable" on its Red List of Threatened Species. This improvement is due to the efforts of the Chinese government. The government has created many protected areas for pandas. The Giant Panda National Park, which was established in 2021, is three times as large as Yellowstone National Park in the United States. There are also research centers where scientists study pandas and help them breed. Over 460 pandas have been born in these research centers. Protecting pandas has also helped to protect other animals and plants. The forests where pandas live are home to many other species. By protecting pandas, we are also protecting the whole ecosystem. Giant pandas are a symbol of China. They are also a symbol of hope for endangered species around the world. 1. What are giant pandas known for? A. Their black and white fur. B. Their cute appearance. C. Their friendly nature. D. Their ability to climb trees. 2. How many giant pandas were there in the wild in the 1970s? A. Around 1,000. B. Around 1,864. C. Around 4,500. D. Around 10,000. 3. When was the giant panda moved from "endangered" to "vulnerable"? A. In 1970. B. In 2016. C. In 2021. D. In 2022. 4. What is the Giant Panda National Park? A. A research center for pandas. B. A protected area for pandas. C. A zoo where people can see pandas. D. A museum about pandas. 5. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? A. Giant pandas are native to China. B. The Giant Panda National Park is three times as large as Yellowstone National Park. C. Over 460 pandas have been born in research centers. D. Protecting pandas has no effect on other animals and plants. 八、任务型阅读（1篇，选择合适句子填空） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 How to Protect the Environment The environment is very important to us. It provides us with air, water, and food. 1. ______ Here are some tips to help you protect the environment. First, reduce pollution. Pollution is one of the biggest problems facing the environment today. 2. ______ You can walk or ride a bike instead of driving a car. You can also use less electricity and water. Second, reuse things. Many things can be reused instead of being thrown away. 3. ______ You can also use cloth bags instead of plastic bags. Third, recycle things. Recycling is a good way to reduce waste. 4. ______ You can also recycle glass, plastic, and metal. Fourth, plant more trees. Trees are very important to the environment. 5. ______ They also provide homes for animals. Remember: protecting the environment is everyone's responsibility. By following these tips, you can help make the world a better place. A. They produce oxygen and help reduce air pollution. B. But the environment is being polluted and destroyed. C. There are many things you can do to reduce pollution. D. You can recycle paper by using both sides of the paper. E. You can reuse bottles and cans. F. We should protect the environment for future generations. G. Everyone should do their part to protect the environment. Unit 5 单元语法专项练习答案与详解 一、单项选择 1. 答案：A 解析：先行词是the girl（指人），who在从句中作宾语，可以省略。 2. 答案：A 解析：先行词是the book（指物），that/which在从句中作主语。 3. 答案：A 解析：先行词被形容词最高级the most beautiful修饰，只能用that引导定语从句。 4. 答案：A 解析：先行词是the man（指人），who在从句中作主语。 5. 答案：A 解析：先行词是everything（不定代词），只能用that引导定语从句。 6. 答案：A 解析：先行词是the house（指物），that/which在从句中作宾语，可以省略。 7. 答案：A 解析：先行词被the only修饰，只能用that引导定语从句。 8. 答案：A 解析：先行词是the students（指人），who在从句中作主语。 9. 答案：A 解析：先行词是the film（指物），that/which在从句中作宾语，可以省略。 10. 答案：A 解析：主句是以who开头的特殊疑问句，先行词是the girl（指人），只能用that引导定语从句。 二、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. 答案：is 解析：先行词是the book（单数），定语从句中的谓语动词用单数形式is。 2. 答案：were 解析：先行词是the houses（复数），定语从句中的谓语动词用复数形式were。 3. 答案：is singing 解析：先行词是the girl（单数），定语从句中的谓语动词用单数形式is singing。 4. 答案：are 解析：先行词是the cars（复数），定语从句中的谓语动词用复数形式are。 5. 答案：is playing 解析：先行词是the boy（单数），定语从句中的谓语动词用单数形式is playing。 6. 答案：were 解析：先行词是the trees（复数），定语从句中的谓语动词用复数形式were。 7. 答案：teaches 解析：先行词是the teacher（单数），定语从句中的谓语动词用单数形式teaches。 8. 答案：are 解析：先行词是the movies（复数），定语从句中的谓语动词用复数形式are。 9. 答案：have finished 解析：先行词是the students（复数），定语从句中的谓语动词用复数形式have finished。 10. 答案：broke 解析：先行词是the computer（单数），定语从句中的谓语动词用单数形式broke。 三、根据中文提示完成句子 1. 答案：that/which/不填; bought 2. 答案：that/不填; have ever seen 3. 答案：that/which/不填; live in 4. 答案：that/不填; said 5. 答案：that/which is 6. 答案：that/不填; need 7. 答案：that/which/不填; watched/saw 8. 答案：who/that is 9. 答案：that/which/不填; wrote 10. 答案：who/that are playing 四、语法填空 1. 答案：that/which 解析：先行词是a community（指物），that/which在从句中作主语。 2. 答案：that/which 解析：先行词是an ecosystem（指物），that/which在从句中作主语。 3. 答案：that/which 解析：先行词是an animal（指物），that/which在从句中作主语。 4. 答案：which 解析：这是非限制性定语从句，先行词是The Giant Panda National Park（指物），只能用which引导。 5. 答案：which 解析：介词in后面只能用which引导定语从句。 6. 答案：that/which 解析：先行词是The forests（指物），that/which在从句中作宾语。 7. 答案：that/which 解析：先行词是The world（指物），that/which在从句中作宾语。 8. 答案：that/which 解析：先行词是many things（指物），that/which在从句中作宾语。 9. 答案：that/which 解析：先行词是The natural wonders（指物），that/which在从句中作主语。 10. 答案：that/which 解析：先行词是the ecosystems（指物），that/which在从句中作主语。 五、选词填空 1. 答案：who/that 2. 答案：that/which/不填 3. 答案：that/不填 4. 答案：that/which/不填 5. 答案：who/that 六、完形填空 1. 答案：A 解析：先行词是living things and non-living things（指物），that/which在从句中作主语。 2. 答案：D 解析：where引导定语从句，在从句中作地点状语，表示"一个许多动植物生活的地方"。 3. 答案：A 解析：先行词是cutting down trees（指物），that/which在从句中作主语。 4. 答案：A 解析：先行词是the animals and plants（指物），that/which在从句中作主语。 5. 答案：A 解析：先行词是an animal（指物），that/which在从句中作主语。 6. 答案：D 解析：where引导定语从句，在从句中作地点状语，表示"熊猫可以安全生活的保护区"。 7. 答案：D 解析：where引导定语从句，在从句中作地点状语，表示"科学家研究熊猫的研究中心"。 8. 答案：A 解析：先行词是The forests（指物），that/which在从句中作宾语。 9. 答案：A 解析：先行词是many things（指物），that/which在从句中作宾语。 10. 答案：A 解析：先行词是the ecosystems（指物），that/which在从句中作主语。 七、阅读理解 1. 答案：A 解析：根据文章第一段第二句"They are native to China and are known for their black and white fur."可知答案。 2. 答案：A 解析：根据文章第二段第二句"In the 1970s, there were only around 1,000 giant pandas in the wild."可知答案。 3. 答案：B 解析：根据文章第三段第二句"In 2016, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) moved the giant panda from 'endangered' to 'vulnerable' on its Red List of Threatened Species."可知答案。 4. 答案：B 解析：根据文章第四段第二句"The government has created many protected areas for pandas. The Giant Panda National Park, which was established in 2021, is three times as large as Yellowstone National Park in the United States."可知答案。 5. 答案：D 解析：根据文章第六段第一句"Protecting pandas has also helped to protect other animals and plants."可知D选项错误。 八、任务型阅读 1. 答案：B 解析：前一句说"环境为我们提供空气、水和食物"，后一句应该说环境面临的问题，B选项"但是环境正在被污染和破坏"符合语境。 2. 答案：C 解析：前一句说"污染是当今环境面临的最大问题之一"，后一句应该说我们可以做些什么来减少污染，C选项"有很多你可以做的事情来减少污染"符合语境。 3. 答案：E 解析：前一句说"很多东西可以重复使用而不是被扔掉"，后一句应该说具体可以重复使用什么，E选项"你可以重复使用瓶子和罐子"符合语境。 4. 答案：D 解析：前一句说"回收是减少浪费的好方法"，后一句应该说具体可以回收什么，D选项"你可以通过使用纸张的两面来回收纸张"符合语境。 5. 答案：A 解析：前一句说"树对环境非常重要"，后一句应该说树的重要性，A选项"它们产生氧气，帮助减少空气污染"符合语境。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $