阅读理解专项训练3 2026-2027学年人教版英语九年级上册（4篇阅读+词汇长难句+答案解析）

英语阅读理解专项训练3 第一部分：阅读题目区 Passage A Defending Champion Breaks Boston Record Defending champion John Korir shattered the Boston Marathon course record, riding a tailwind to outrun the strongest field in the race’s history and win in 2 hours, 1 minute, 52 seconds, one of the fastest marathons ever run. Sharon Lokedi joined her fellow Kenyan as a back-to-back champion, winning the women’s race in 2:18:51. Korir and his brother Wesley, the 2012 champion, are the only relatives ever to win the race. This time, John Korir broke away from the pack as it headed into Heartbreak Hill, the race’s most famous climb, and opened a 40-second lead. With a mile to go, he glanced behind him. Then he stuck out his tongue and spread his arms as he ran toward the finish, beating the old course record of 2:03:02, set by Geoffrey Mutai in 2011, by 70 seconds. He wasn’t the only one to run fast. Alphonce Felix Simbu of Tanzania and 2021 champion Benson Kipruto also finished under the old record. Zouhair Talbi and Jess McClain ran some of the fastest times ever by American runners in the men’s and women’s races. Lokedi, who had set the women’s course record in her first win, took the lead as the runners entered the hills and came out of them with a growing lead. The morning had started just above freezing but warmed to 45 degrees Fahrenheit (7 degrees Celsius). Lokedi pulled off her gloves and smiled her way to the finish. Korir and Lokedi each won $150,000 and a gilded olive wreath sent from Marathon, Greece, the town that gave the marathon its name. Korir received another $50,000 for the course record. In the wheelchair races, Marcel Hug of Switzerland won his ninth Boston title in 1:16:06, and Eden Rainbow-Cooper of Britain won her second, finishing in 1:30:51. The athletes had arrived at the starting line with frost on the ground. But clear skies and a slight tailwind gave the fastest field ever assembled at the world’s oldest annual marathon a real shot at fast times. 1. What helped John Korir break the course record according to the passage? A. The support from his brother Wesley. B. The favorable weather conditions. C. The weakness of other competitors. D. The prize money offered by the organizers. 2. How did John Korir behave when he was about one mile from the finish line? A. He slowed down to wait for his competitors. B. He showed a confident and relaxed attitude. C. He asked the audience for more encouragement. D. He checked his watch to see the new record time. 3. What can be inferred about Sharon Lokedi from Paragraph 4? A. She set the women’s course record for the first time in this race. B. She felt uncomfortable because of the rising temperature. C. She performed better in the hilly section of the race. D. She won the race mainly because of the tailwind. 4. The underlined word “shattered” in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ________. A. kept B. broke C. approached D. doubted 5. What is the main idea of the passage? A. The history of the Boston Marathon and its famous winners. B. The financial rewards for the champions of the marathon. C. John Korir and Sharon Lokedi’s record-breaking victories at the Boston Marathon. D. The influence of weather on the performance of marathon runners. Passage B Yellowstone Fished Over 280 Lost Hats Out of Hot Springs Yellowstone National Park attracts more than 4.5 million visitors from around the world every year. Many sightseers arrive well prepared to admire the hot springs, geysers, scenic lookouts, and wildlife, but there is only so much anyone can do about life’s little unexpected accidents. Each season, Yellowstone’s gusty winds are responsible for blowing away hundreds of hats, maps, and even sunglasses from the heads and hands of onlookers. And every season, park workers scour the grounds to gather up any lost items that landed far from the walkways and trails. While the tally so far isn’t quite as large as last year’s haul, Yellowstone officials still impressively retrieved more than 280 hats from the hydrothermal areas. Workers cited standouts including a FIFA 2026 Men’s World Cup souvenir and a baseball cap ironically emblazoned with “Cowboy Hat.” But just because they aren’t suited for floating around roiling geysers doesn’t mean they’re destined for a landfill. Once the 2026 season draws to a close, all of the collected hats will be cleaned and donated to local clothing organizations. Caps are only one type of lost item located amid the hunts. Workers scooped up more than $18 in coins from around the world during the summer search. Canadian dollars, euros, pesos, and yen were scattered among the U.S. change, many apparently tossed into hot springs and geysers as if they were wishing wells. Yellowstone officials took the occasion to remind everyone that hydrothermal formations are not made to receive wished-upon coins. Not only will your dream remain unfulfilled — the foreign additions often introduce destructive algae and bacteria into the delicate ecosystems. Other common detritus in the haul included plenty of paper and plastic trash, hair ties, hotel key cards, children’s toys, eyewear, and camera lens caps. Standout oddities such as AirPods, an inhaler, and even a single Uno card also made the list of finds. As always, Yellowstone workers reminded everyone that the seasonal roundup also serves as an excellent reminder to “stash your trash.” Visitors are encouraged to place any litter or lightweight items deep in their pockets or bags until they reach a trash can. And although headwear is always important protection from the sun, people may want to consider temporarily removing their hats while trekking through especially windy areas of the park. 6. Why do park workers collect lost items from the hydrothermal areas? A. To sell them to visitors as souvenirs. B. To prevent them from damaging the geysers. C. To clean the park and help local organizations. D. To study the types of trash left by tourists. 7. What is the problem with throwing coins into hot springs? A. The coins will melt due to the high temperature. B. It may bring harmful organisms into the ecosystem. C. The coins will be stolen by wild animals. D. It makes the water too dirty for sightseeing. 8. What does the author imply by mentioning the “Cowboy Hat” cap? A. Visitors often wear inappropriate clothing in Yellowstone. B. Some lost items have humorous or ironic features. C. The park workers have a sense of humor when cleaning. D. FIFA World Cup souvenirs are popular in the park. 9. The underlined word “detritus” in Paragraph 4 refers to ________. A. valuable treasures B. natural resources C. waste or rubbish D. scientific equipment 10. What is the best title for the passage? A. The Dangers of Gusty Winds in Yellowstone B. How to Protect the Ecosystem in National Parks C. The Strange Things Lost in Yellowstone Hot Springs D. A Guide to Visiting Yellowstone National Park Passage C When the Weather Cools, Campus Style Heats Up As autumn moves into Boulder, the air is finally beginning to cool. For students, that means more comfortable walks across campus and the return of clothes that spent the summer hidden in the closet. For me, fall fashion is one of the best parts of the season. A few familiar styles are especially welcome. Flannel shirts may not be a surprising choice, but their popularity makes sense. An oversized button-down adds warmth without feeling too heavy, while checks and other patterns bring color to a simple outfit. Wear one with jeans, leave it open over a T-shirt, or tie it around the waist, and the outfit immediately feels more like fall. Matching sets are useful for a different reason. Sweat sets will always have a place in a college wardrobe, but coordinated outfits can go beyond sweatshirts and sweatpants. A long-sleeved top with matching shorts works well on a fall day around 70 degrees Fahrenheit, or 21 degrees Celsius, before the temperature drops. A good set is also easy to put on when time is short, yet still looks intentional. Suede brings softness and warmth to an outfit. Boots, jackets, and bags made from the material return regularly each fall, so they feel less temporary than many fast-moving trends. A simple suede piece can stay in a closet for years and work with many different styles. Lace offers more room to experiment. It can add texture to an otherwise basic outfit, whether it appears under a plain T-shirt, beneath a sweater, or as a longer layer over wide-leg jeans. The contrast between delicate lace and heavier autumn fabrics can make familiar clothes feel new. Then there is knitwear, perhaps the clearest sign that fall has arrived. Sweaters and cardigans are comfortable on cold mornings and easy to remove when the afternoon warms up. Wool and cotton blends also allow plenty of movement, which matters when a student is crossing campus, sitting through class, or carrying a bag all day. None of these ideas is entirely new. That may be why they work. Fall clothing is less about chasing one dramatic trend than rediscovering layers, texture, and warmth. As Boulder grows colder, flannel, suede, lace, matching sets, and knitwear can finally return to campus. 11. Why are flannel shirts popular among students in autumn? A. They are the most expensive clothing items. B. They provide warmth and add color to outfits. C. They are only suitable for formal occasions. D. They are made of heavy and thick materials. 12. What is an advantage of matching sets mentioned in the passage? A. They are always made of sweat material. B. They can only be worn when the temperature is below 20°C. C. They save time while still looking stylish. D. They are the newest fashion trend on campus. 13. According to the passage, why is knitwear practical for students? A. It is easy to take off when the weather gets warmer. B. It is made of 100% wool for maximum warmth. C. It prevents students from carrying heavy bags. D. It is the only clothing suitable for cold mornings. 14. The underlined word “texture” in Paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to ________. A. color B. price C. feel D. size 15. What is the author’s attitude towards fall fashion? A. Critical and dissatisfied. B. Positive and appreciative. C. Indifferent and bored. D. Worried and anxious. Passage D A Good Shower May Be Shorter Than You Think How long should a shower last? The answer depends partly on whether the goal is cleaning, protecting the skin, saving water, or simply relaxing. A 2024 Harris Poll survey of 2,073 U.S. adults found that respondents reported spending an average of 16.1 minutes in the shower. Gen Z adults reported 21.2 minutes, while one-third of all respondents said they usually stayed for more than 15 minutes. These figures describe people’s reported habits, not a medical recommendation. For skin care, shorter is generally better. The American Academy of Dermatology advises people with dry skin to limit showers or baths to five to ten minutes and use warm rather than hot water. Long, hot showers can remove natural oils and leave the skin feeling dry or irritated. People with eczema are often given similar advice, although individual needs can differ. Environmental researcher Pablo Pereira-Doel offers a more demanding target: about three minutes to wash the body, with another two minutes when washing the hair. That is best understood as a water-saving goal rather than a universal medical rule. His research also helps explain why many showers last much longer. In one sample, more than four in ten showers were taken partly for reasons unrelated to hygiene, including relaxation, self-care, and warming up. A shower may be one of the few moments when the phone is out of reach and no one is asking for attention. Once it serves that purpose, people may stop watching the clock. Conditions in the bathroom matter as well. A study of 8,550 showers in German households found that showers in soft-water areas lasted about 23 percent longer. The researchers suggested that shampoo may foam and rinse differently in soft water, making the experience more pleasant. Low water pressure, meanwhile, can lengthen the process because rinsing takes more time. Efficient washing does not require aggressive scrubbing. Dermatologists generally recommend using a gentle cleanser where it is needed instead of covering and scrubbing the entire body with large amounts of soap. There is no single perfect shower length for everyone. Still, five to ten minutes in warm water is a practical starting point, especially for people whose skin becomes dry easily. Getting from 16 minutes down to three may be unrealistic, but cutting even a few minutes can reduce water use without turning a shower into a race. 16. According to the American Academy of Dermatology, what is the recommended shower time for people with dry skin? ________________________________________________________________________ 17. Why do many people take showers longer than necessary according to Pablo Pereira-Doel’s research? ________________________________________________________________________ 18. How does soft water affect the length of a shower? ________________________________________________________________________ 19. What do dermatologists suggest for efficient washing? ________________________________________________________________________ 20. What is the practical advice given in the last paragraph for reducing water use? ________________________________________________________________________ 第二部分：词汇与长难句汇总区 【Passage A 重点单词与短语】 序号 单词/短语 音标 词性 中文释义 1 defend /dɪˈfend/ v. 防守；保卫 2 champion /ˈtʃæmpiən/ n. 冠军 3 shatter /ˈʃætə(r)/ v. 打破（纪录）；粉碎 4 tailwind /ˈteɪlwɪnd/ n. 顺风 5 outrun /ˌaʊtˈrʌn/ v. 跑得比…快 6 glance /ɡlɑːns/ v. 瞥视；扫视 7 beat /biːt/ v. 打败；超过 8 frost /frɒst/ n. 霜 9 gilded /ˈɡɪldɪd/ adj. 镀金的 10 wreath /riːθ/ n. 花环 11 assemble /əˈsembl/ v. 集合；聚集 【Passage A 长难句分析】 1. 原句： Defending champion John Korir shattered the Boston Marathon course record, riding a tailwind to outrun the strongest field in the race’s history and win in 2 hours, 1 minute, 52 seconds, one of the fastest marathons ever run. · 句子主干： John Korir shattered the Boston Marathon course record. · 成分拆解： · Defending champion：前置定语，修饰 John Korir。 · riding a tailwind...：现在分词短语作伴随状语，表示“借助顺风”。 · to outrun... and win...：不定式作结果状语，表示“为了跑赢…并赢得…”。 · one of the fastest marathons ever run：同位语，补充说明前面的时间成绩。 · 精准翻译： 卫冕冠军约翰·科里尔借助顺风，跑赢了该赛事历史上最强的选手阵容，以2小时1分52秒的成绩打破了波士顿马拉松赛道纪录，这是有史以来最快的马拉松成绩之一。 2. 原句： Then he stuck out his tongue and spread his arms as he ran toward the finish, beating the old course record of 2:03:02, set by Geoffrey Mutai in 2011, by 70 seconds. · 句子主干： He stuck out his tongue and spread his arms. · 成分拆解： · as he ran toward the finish：时间状语从句。 · beating the old course record...：现在分词短语作结果状语。 · set by Geoffrey Mutai in 2011：过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰 record。 · by 70 seconds：表示超过纪录的幅度。 · 精准翻译： 然后，在他冲向终点时，他吐出舌头并张开双臂，以70秒的优势打破了杰弗里·穆泰在2011年创下的2小时03分02秒的旧赛道纪录。 【Passage B 重点单词与短语】 序号 单词/短语 音标 词性 中文释义 1 geyser /ˈɡaɪzə(r)/ n. 间歇泉 2 gusty /ˈɡʌsti/ adj. 阵风的；多风的 3 scour /ˈskaʊə(r)/ v. 搜寻；彻底搜索 4 retrieve /rɪˈtriːv/ v. 取回；找回 5 haul /hɔːl/ n. 一批收集到的物品；拖运 6 ironically /aɪˈrɒnɪkli/ adv. 讽刺地；出人意料地 7 landfill /ˈlændfɪl/ n. 垃圾填埋场 8 ecosystem /ˈiːkəʊsɪstəm/ n. 生态系统 9 detritus /dɪˈtraɪtəs/ n. 碎屑；垃圾 10 stash /stæʃ/ v. 藏匿；存放 11 trek /trek/ v. 长途跋涉；艰难行进 【Passage B 长难句分析】 1. 原句： Not only will your dream remain unfulfilled — the foreign additions often introduce destructive algae and bacteria into the delicate ecosystems. · 句子主干： Your dream will remain unfulfilled; the foreign additions introduce algae and bacteria. · 成分拆解： · Not only will...：倒装句结构，强调“不仅……”。 · —：破折号连接两个并列分句，表示递进或补充说明。 · foreign additions：主语，指代前文提到的“外国硬币”。 · destructive algae and bacteria：宾语。 · into the delicate ecosystems：介词短语作状语，表示方向/地点。 · 精准翻译： 不仅你的梦想无法实现——这些外来的添加物还会将破坏性的藻类和细菌引入脆弱的生态系统中。 2. 原句： But just because they aren’t suited for floating around roiling geysers doesn’t mean they’re destined for a landfill. · 句子主干： Just because… doesn’t mean… · 成分拆解： · just because...：引导原因状语从句（作主语）。 · doesn't mean：谓语部分，表示“并不意味着”。 · they're destined for a landfill：宾语从句，作 mean 的宾语。 · be suited for：固定搭配，意为“适合……”。 · 精准翻译： 但这并不意味着，仅仅因为它们不适合在翻滚的间歇泉周围漂浮，就注定要被送进垃圾填埋场。 【Passage C 重点单词与短语】 序号 单词/短语 音标 词性 中文释义 1 flannel /ˈflænl/ n. 法兰绒 2 oversized /ˌəʊvəˈsaɪzd/ adj. 过大的；宽松的 3 wardrobe /ˈwɔːdrəʊb/ n. 衣柜；全部衣物 4 coordinated /kəʊˈɔːdɪneɪtɪd/ adj. 协调的；配套的 5 intentional /ɪnˈtenʃənl/ adj. 故意的；精心设计的 6 suede /sweɪd/ n. 绒面革；麂皮 7 texture /ˈtekstʃə(r)/ n. 质地；纹理 8 delicate /ˈdelɪkət/ adj. 精致的；细腻的 9 knitwear /ˈnɪtweə(r)/ n. 针织品 10 blend /blend/ n. 混合物；混纺 【Passage C 长难句分析】 1. 原句： An oversized button-down adds warmth without feeling too heavy, while checks and other patterns bring color to a simple outfit. · 句子主干： An oversized button-down adds warmth; checks and other patterns bring color. · 成分拆解： · without feeling too heavy：介词短语作状语，表示“在没有感觉太重的前提下”。 2. 原句： Fall clothing is less about chasing one dramatic trend than rediscovering layers, texture, and warmth. 句子主干： Fall clothing is less about chasing one dramatic trend than rediscovering layers, texture, and warmth. 成分拆解： less about chasing one dramatic trend than rediscovering...：比较结构 "less A than B"，意为"与其说是A，不如说是B"。 chasing one dramatic trend：动名词短语，作介词 about 的宾语。 rediscovering layers, texture, and warmth：动名词短语，与 chasing 并列，作介词 about 的宾语。 layers, texture, and warmth：三个并列名词，作 rediscovering 的宾语。 精准翻译： 秋季穿搭与其说是追逐某一种引人注目的潮流，不如说是重新发现层次叠穿、材质纹理和温暖感。 【Passage D 重点单词与短语】 序号 单词/短语 音标 词性 中文释义 1 survey /ˈsɜːveɪ/ n. 调查；测验 2 respondent /rɪˈspɒndənt/ n. 受访者；回答者 3 average /ˈævərɪdʒ/ n./adj. 平均（的） 4 dermatology /ˌdɜːməˈtɒlədʒi/ n. 皮肤科学 5 irritated /ˈɪtrɪteɪtɪd/ adj. 受刺激的；烦躁的 6 eczema /ˈekzɪmə/ n. 湿疹 7 hygiene /ˈhaɪdʒiːn/ n. 卫生；卫生学 8 foam /fəʊm/ v./n. 起泡；泡沫 9 rinse /rɪns/ v. 冲洗；漂洗 10 aggressive /əˈɡresɪv/ adj. 激烈的；猛烈的 11 cleanser /ˈkliːnzə(r)/ n. 清洁剂；洗面奶 【Passage D 长难句分析】 1. 原句： A shower may be one of the few moments when the phone is out of reach and no one is asking for attention. 句子主干： A shower may be one of the few moments. 成分拆解： when the phone is out of reach and no one is asking for attention：定语从句，修饰 moments，由 when 引导。 the phone is out of reach：从句中的并列分句1，意为"手机不在手边"。 no one is asking for attention：从句中的并列分句2，意为"没有人要求关注"。 out of reach：固定搭配，意为"够不着的；不在手边的"。 精准翻译： 洗澡可能是少数几个手机不在手边、也没有人要求你关注的时刻之一。 2. 原句： Getting from 16 minutes down to three may be unrealistic, but cutting even a few minutes can reduce water use without turning a shower into a race. 句子主干： Getting... may be unrealistic, but cutting... can reduce water use. 成分拆解： Getting from 16 minutes down to three：动名词短语作主语，意为"从16分钟减少到3分钟"。 may be unrealistic：系表结构，作第一个分句的谓语部分。 but：并列连词，连接两个并列分句，表示转折。 cutting even a few minutes：动名词短语作第二个分句主语，意为"即使减少几分钟"。 without turning a shower into a race：介词短语作状语，意为"不会把洗澡变成赛跑"。 turn... into...：固定搭配，意为"把...变成..."。 精准翻译： 从16分钟减少到3分钟可能不切实际，但即使减少几分钟也能减少用水量，而不会让洗澡变成一场赛跑。 第三部分：参考答案与解析 一、参考答案 选择题（第1-15题）： 1-5: B B C B C 6-10: C B B C C 11-15: B C A C B 任务型阅读（第16-20题）参考答案： 16. Five to ten minutes.（原文：The American Academy of Dermatology advises people with dry skin to limit showers or baths to five to ten minutes.） 17. Because showers serve purposes unrelated to hygiene, such as relaxation, self-care, and warming up.（原文：more than four in ten showers were taken partly for reasons unrelated to hygiene, including relaxation, self-care, and warming up.） 18. Showers in soft-water areas last about 23% longer because shampoo foams and rinses differently in soft water, making the experience more pleasant.（原文：showers in soft-water areas lasted about 23 percent longer. The researchers suggested that shampoo may foam and rinse differently in soft water, making the experience more pleasant.） 19. Using a gentle cleanser where it is needed instead of covering and scrubbing the entire body with large amounts of soap.（原文：Dermatologists generally recommend using a gentle cleanser where it is needed instead of covering and scrubbing the entire body with large amounts of soap.） 20. Cutting even a few minutes can reduce water use; five to ten minutes in warm water is a practical starting point.（原文：cutting even a few minutes can reduce water use without turning a shower into a race.） 二、参考译文 Passage A 卫冕冠军打破波士顿（马拉松）纪录 卫冕冠军约翰・科里尔借着顺风，打破了波士顿马拉松赛道纪录。他力压赛事史上最强参赛阵容，以 2 小时 1 分 52 秒夺冠，跻身史上最快马拉松成绩行列。莎伦・洛凯迪也实现连冠，这位肯尼亚选手在女子组比赛中以 2 小时 18 分 51 秒夺冠。 科里尔和他的哥哥韦斯利（2012 年赛事冠军），是赛事历史上唯一一对夺冠的亲属。本次比赛，当大部队跑进 “心碎坡”—— 赛事最出名的爬坡路段时，约翰・科里尔从人群中突围，拉开了 40 秒的领先优势。还剩 1 英里赛程时，他回头望了一眼身后对手，随后吐着舌头、张开双臂冲向终点。他将杰弗里・穆泰在 2011 年创下的 2 小时 03 分 02 秒的旧赛道纪录，缩短了 70 秒。 并不是只有他跑出了惊人成绩。来自坦桑尼亚的阿尔方斯・费利克斯・辛布，以及 2021 年冠军本森・基普鲁托，成绩同样突破旧纪录。祖海尔・塔尔比与杰斯・麦克莱恩，分别在男子、女子组别跑出了美国选手史上顶尖成绩。 洛凯迪在上一次夺冠时就创下过女子赛道纪录。选手们进入坡段后，她抢占领先位置，并且优势不断扩大。比赛清晨气温略高于冰点，随后升温至 45 华氏度（7 摄氏度）。洛凯迪摘掉手套，一路微笑冲向终点。 科里尔与洛凯迪各自赢得 15 万美元奖金，还有一份产自希腊马拉松镇的镀金橄榄枝花环，马拉松这项运动的名字就源于这座小镇。科里尔因打破赛道纪录，额外再获得 5 万美元奖金。 轮椅赛事方面，瑞士选手马塞尔・胡第九次拿下波士顿轮椅组冠军，成绩 1 小时 16 分 06 秒；英国选手伊登・雷恩博 - 库珀斩获个人第二个冠军，完赛时间 1 小时 30 分 51 秒。 选手们抵达起跑线时，地面还结着白霜。但晴朗的天空加上微弱顺风，让这场世界上历史最悠久的年度马拉松赛事，史上最强的参赛选手们有机会冲击好成绩。 Passage B 黄石公园从温泉中捞出 280 多顶遗失的帽子 黄石国家公园每年吸引全球超过 450 万游客。很多观光客做好充足准备，前来欣赏温泉、间歇泉、观景台与野生动物，但生活里突如其来的小意外，谁都难以完全避免。 每到旅游季，黄石的大风总会把游客头上、手中的数百顶帽子、地图甚至墨镜吹走。每个季节，园区工作人员都会在园区搜寻，捡拾那些掉落在步道、小径之外的遗失物品。 虽然目前捡到物品的总数不及去年，但黄石工作人员依旧从热液区域捞出了 280 多顶帽子。工作人员介绍，其中比较特别的物品有：2026 年男足世界杯纪念品，还有一顶棒球帽，帽子上印着 “牛仔帽” 字样，颇具讽刺意味。这些帽子虽然不适合漂浮在翻滚的间歇泉中，但并不会直接送去垃圾填埋场。2026 旅游季结束之后，所有收集到的帽子都会清洗干净，捐赠给当地服装公益机构。 帽子只是搜寻到的遗失物其中一类。夏季搜寻期间，工作人员还捡到了来自世界各地、总价值超过 18 美元的硬币。加元、欧元、比索、日元混杂在美元零钱之中，很多硬币显然是游客当成许愿币扔进温泉和间歇泉里的。黄石官方借此提醒所有人：热液地貌并不是许愿池。许愿并不会成真，外来硬币还会给脆弱的生态系统带入具有破坏性的藻类和细菌。 本次搜寻捡到的其他常见杂物：大量纸屑、塑料垃圾、发圈、酒店房卡、儿童玩具、眼镜、相机镜头盖。还有一些稀奇物件：AirPods 耳机、吸入器，甚至一张 Uno 纸牌。 黄石工作人员再次提醒游客，这种季节性捡拾行动也是在呼吁大家：收好垃圾。 建议游客把垃圾、轻便物品妥善放在口袋或包里，直到找到垃圾桶再丢弃。帽子防晒固然重要，但在公园风大区域行走时，可以考虑暂时摘下帽子。 Passage C 天气转凉，校园穿搭火热上线 随着秋意来到博尔德，气温终于开始下降。对于学生来说，这意味着在校园里走路会更舒适，那些夏天收在衣柜里的衣服又可以重新穿上。 对我而言，秋日穿搭是这个季节最美好的事情之一。有几种经典款式尤其受欢迎。 法兰绒衬衫不算出人意料的选择，但它流行是有道理的。一件宽松款纽扣上衣，可以增添暖意却不会厚重。格子以及其他花纹，能给简约穿搭增添色彩。搭配牛仔裤，敞开穿在 T 恤外面，或者系在腰间，整套穿搭瞬间充满秋日氛围感。 成套穿搭受欢迎，则另有原因。运动套装在大学衣橱里永远占有一席之地，但成套穿搭不局限于卫衣卫裤。一件长袖上衣搭配同系列短裤，适合气温大约 70 华氏度（21 摄氏度）的秋日，在气温大幅下降之前穿。一套好看的同色系套装，赶时间的时候穿上就出门，搭配起来毫不费力，看起来又精心考究。 麂皮面料给穿搭带来柔和与温暖。每到秋天，麂皮材质的靴子、外套、包包就会回归，相比转瞬即逝的潮流单品，它们更耐穿。一件简单的麂皮单品可以在衣柜放很多年，适配多种穿搭风格。 蕾丝面料，给穿搭留出更多创意空间。不管是内搭在普通 T 恤之下、毛衣里面，或是作为长款叠穿搭配阔腿牛仔裤，都能给基础穿搭增加质感。精致蕾丝和厚重秋装面料形成反差，能让旧衣服焕然一新。 然后还有针织衣物，这或许是秋天到来最明显的标志。毛衣与开衫，在清冷早晨穿着舒适，午后升温后又方便脱掉。羊毛棉混纺面料活动自如，学生穿梭校园、上课、整日背着书包，穿着都很合适。 这些穿搭思路都不算新颖，但这恰恰是它们好用的原因。秋日穿搭，重点不在于追逐夸张潮流，而是重新感受叠穿、面料质感与保暖。随着博尔德气温越来越低，法兰绒、麂皮、蕾丝、成套服饰、针织衫，又重新回到校园。 Passage D 合适的淋浴时长，或许比你想象得更短 洗澡应该洗多久？答案取决于你的目的：是清洁、护肤、节水，还是单纯放松。 2024 年哈里斯民调对 2073 名美国成年人开展调查：受访者平均淋浴时长 16.1 分钟。Z 世代成年人平均 21.2 分钟，三分之一受访者表示，他们通常洗澡超过 15 分钟。这些数据只是人们自述的习惯，并不是医学推荐标准。 从护肤角度，一般来说越短越好。美国皮肤病学会建议干性皮肤人群，洗澡控制在 5 至 10 分钟，使用温水而非热水。长时间热水淋浴会洗掉皮肤天然油脂，造成皮肤干燥、刺痛。湿疹患者通常也遵循类似建议，但每个人情况存在差异。 环境研究员巴勃罗・佩雷拉 - 多尔提出了一个更严格的目标：冲洗身体大约 3 分钟，洗头再加 2 分钟。这个目标更多是节水参考，并非通用医疗准则。 他的研究还解释了很多人洗澡时间偏长的原因：一份样本显示，超过四成的长时间淋浴，不完全是为了清洁，还有放松、自我舒缓、取暖等原因。洗澡是少数远离手机、不被别人打扰的时刻。一旦享受这份宁静，人们就不会再盯着时间。 浴室环境同样会影响时长。一项针对德国家庭 8550 次淋浴的研究发现：软水地区，人们淋浴时长平均长 23%。研究者推测，软水条件下洗发水起泡、冲洗感受更好，洗澡体验更舒适；而水压低会拉长洗澡时间，因为冲洗需要更久。 高效清洁，不需要用力猛搓。皮肤科医生普遍建议：只在需要的部位使用温和清洁产品，不要全身大量涂抹肥皂用力擦洗。 不存在适合所有人的完美洗澡时长。不过，温水淋浴控制在 5~10 分钟是一个实用参考，尤其适合皮肤容易干燥的人群。从 16 分钟缩短到 3 分钟并不现实，但哪怕减少几分钟，也可以节约水资源，又不必把洗澡变成赶任务。 三、详细解析 【Passage A】 1. B 原文定位：第二段 "riding a tailwind to outrun the strongest field" 及最后一段 "clear skies and a slight tailwind gave...a real shot at fast times"。顺风（tailwind）和晴朗天气是帮助科里尔打破纪录的关键因素。A项"兄弟支持"文中未提及；C项"对手弱小"与 "strongest field"（最强阵容）矛盾；D项"奖金"不是打破纪录的原因。 2. B 原文定位：第二段 "Then he stuck out his tongue and spread his arms as he ran toward the finish"。吐舌头、张开双臂冲向终点的动作表现出自信和放松的态度。A项"减速等对手"与原文相反；C项"向观众求助"未提及；D项"看表"与 "glanced behind him"（回头看）不符。 3. C 原文定位：第四段 "took the lead as the runners entered the hills and came out of them with a growing lead"。洛凯迪在进入山区后取得领先，并拉开差距，说明她在山地赛段表现更佳。A项"首次创造女子纪录"错误，原文说她之前某次夺冠时已创造纪录；B项"因升温感到不适"与 "smiled her way to the finish" 矛盾；D项"主要因为顺风"文中未强调。 4. B 词义猜测题。原文 "shattered the Boston Marathon course record" 后文提到 "beat the old course record...by 70 seconds"，可知 shattered 意为"打破"。A项kept（保持）与语境相反；C项approached（接近）程度不够；D项doubted（怀疑）与文意不符。 5. C 主旨大意题。全文围绕科里尔和洛凯迪在波士顿马拉松中打破纪录的夺冠表现展开，涵盖男子组、女子组及轮椅组的比赛情况。A项"波士顿马拉松历史"范围过大；B项"奖金"仅为细节；D项"天气影响"仅为部分信息。 【Passage B】 6. C 原文定位：第一段 "park workers scour the grounds to gather up any lost items" 及第二段 "all of the collected hats will be cleaned and donated to local clothing organizations"。园方收集失物既是为了清理园区，也是为了将帽子捐赠给当地慈善机构。A项"卖给游客"文中未提及；B项"防止损坏间歇泉"不是主要目的；D项"研究垃圾类型"不是收集的目的。 7. B 原文定位：第三段 "the foreign additions often introduce destructive algae and bacteria into the delicate ecosystems"。将硬币投入温泉会将破坏性的藻类和细菌引入脆弱的生态系统。A项"硬币会融化"文中未提及；C项"被野生动物偷走"未提及；D项"使水太脏不适合观光"不是原文表述。 8. B 原文定位：第二段 "a baseball cap ironically emblazoned with 'Cowboy Hat'"。ironically（讽刺地）表明这顶帽子具有幽默或讽刺的特点——在黄石戴一顶写着"牛仔帽"的帽子很讽刺。A项"游客穿着不当"过度推断；C项"园方员工有幽默感"偏离重点；D项"世界杯纪念品受欢迎"以偏概全。 9. C 词义猜测题。原文 "Other common detritus in the haul included plenty of paper and plastic trash..." 后文列举的都是垃圾和废弃物，可知 detritus 意为"垃圾/碎屑"。A项"有价值宝藏"与 trash 矛盾；B项"自然资源"不符；D项"科学设备"不符。 10. C 主旨大意题。全文围绕黄石公园从温泉中找回超过280顶丢失帽子及其他失物展开，包括各种奇特的丢失物品。A项"黄石大风危险"仅为引入部分；B项"保护生态系统"仅为硬币部分的细节；D项"黄石游览指南"范围过大。 【Passage C】 11. B 原文定位：第二段 "An oversized button-down adds warmth without feeling too heavy, while checks and other patterns bring color to a simple outfit"。法兰绒衬衫受欢迎是因为它提供温暖且为简单穿搭增添色彩。A项"最昂贵"文中未提及；C项"仅适合正式场合"与文中休闲搭配方式矛盾；D项"厚重材料"与 "without feeling too heavy" 矛盾。 12. C 原文定位：第四段 "A good set is also easy to put on when time is short, yet still looks intentional"。配套套装的优点是省时且看起来仍然有型。A项"总是由运动面料制成"与 "can go beyond sweatshirts and sweatpants" 矛盾；B项"仅在20°C以下穿着"与 "around 70 degrees Fahrenheit" 矛盾；D项"最新潮流"与文中强调的经典持久不符。 13. A 原文定位：第六段 "Sweaters and cardigans are comfortable on cold mornings and easy to remove when the afternoon warms up"。针织衫对学生的实用性在于天气变暖时容易脱下。B项"100%羊毛"与 "Wool and cotton blends" 矛盾；C项"防止携带重包"未提及；D项"唯一适合冷天的衣物"过于绝对。 14. C 词义猜测题。原文 "It can add texture to an otherwise basic outfit" 后文说 "make familiar clothes feel new"，可知 texture 与衣服的"质感/手感"有关。A项color（颜色）与后文 "bring color" 重复；B项price（价格）无关；D项size（尺寸）不符。 15. B 推理判断题。全文使用 "especially welcome""useful""brings softness and warmth""offers more room to experiment"等积极表述，结尾 "That may be why they work" 也体现认可态度。A项"批评不满"与全文基调相反；C项"漠不关心"与热情描述矛盾；D项"担忧焦虑"无依据。 【Passage D】 16. 原文定位：第三段 "The American Academy of Dermatology advises people with dry skin to limit showers or baths to five to ten minutes"。美国皮肤科学学院建议干性皮肤人群将洗澡时间限制在5到10分钟。参考答案：Five to ten minutes. / About five to ten minutes. 17. 原文定位：第五段 "more than four in ten showers were taken partly for reasons unrelated to hygiene, including relaxation, self-care, and warming up. A shower may be one of the few moments when the phone is out of reach and no one is asking for attention"。许多人洗澡时间过长是因为洗澡不仅为了清洁，还为了放松、自我照顾和取暖，是少数没人打扰的时刻。参考答案：Because they want to relax, take self-care, or warm up. / Because a shower is one of the few moments when no one is asking for attention. 18. 原文定位：第六段 "showers in soft-water areas lasted about 23 percent longer. The researchers suggested that shampoo may foam and rinse differently in soft water, making the experience more pleasant"。软水区洗澡时间长约23%，因为洗发水在软水中泡沫和冲洗方式不同，体验更愉悦。参考答案：Showers in soft-water areas last about 23% longer because shampoo foams and rinses differently, making the experience more pleasant. 19. 原文定位：第七段 "Dermatologists generally recommend using a gentle cleanser where it is needed instead of covering and scrubbing the entire body with large amounts of soap"。皮肤科医生建议在有需要的地方使用温和清洁剂，而不是用大量肥皂搓洗全身。参考答案：Using a gentle cleanser where it is needed instead of scrubbing the entire body with large amounts of soap. 20. 原文定位：最后一段 "five to ten minutes in warm water is a practical starting point...cutting even a few minutes can reduce water use without turning a shower into a race"。作者建议5-10分钟温水澡是实用的起点，即使减少几分钟也能减少用水量。参考答案：Cutting even a few minutes can reduce water use. / Taking five to ten minutes in warm water is a practical starting point. ( 第 1 页 共 16 页 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $