专题02 宾语从句（期中复习讲义）高二英语上学期沪外版

专题02 宾语从句 01 期中考情透视 02 复习目标锚定 03 知识体系构建 04 核心考点精讲 宾语从句 05 限时分层演练 基础固本练/综合进阶练 本专题核心考点覆盖宾语从句引导词选用、语序、时态呼应、否定转移、it作形式宾语。命题常结合语法填空、单项选择、写作句子构建设置情境。整体以基础送分为主，但that/what区分、if/whether辨析、主从句时态呼应是拉开分差的关键点。 识记 记住宾语从句三类引导词、陈述语序规则、时态呼应基本规律；熟记否定转移、形式宾语it的结构。 理解 分清that / what；if / whether用法差异；理解主句时态如何影响从句；识别宾语从句易错。 应用 单选、语法填空中准确选择引导词与动词时态；写作中正确写出宾语从句，提升句子丰富度。能在阅读理解中辨别宾语从句。 宾语从句 一、宾语从句基础概念 宾语从句：放在动词、介词、某些形容词后面，充当_______的句子。一句话概括：句子作宾语。 宾语从句三大核心要素：①__________ ②__________ ③__________ ⚠️概念辨析：宾语 vs 宾语从句 简单句宾语：I know the truth.（名词作宾语） 宾语从句：I know _______________.（句子作宾语） 二：引导词的选择 1. that引导的宾语从句 功能：只起连接作用，_______词义，不作从句成分。 用法：陈述含义的句子，陈述句变宾语从句加that；that在口语/非正式写作中常可________。 例句：I believe (that) our team will win. ⚠️避坑指南 如果宾语从句并列多个，第二个从句的that________省略！ 例：He said (that) he liked reading and _______ he also enjoyed music. 2. whether / if 引导（表“是否”，一般疑问句转化而来） 含义：是否，在从句中不作成分。 ⚠️易混易错：whether VS if 只能用whether，不能用if的场景（4条） ① 介词后面：I’m interested in _______ he will come. ② 与or not直接连用：I don’t know _______ or not he agrees. ③ 不定式to do前面：She hasn’t decided _______ to go abroad. ④ 宾语从句放句首：_______ he will attend the meeting, I’m not sure. 3. 特殊疑问词引导：what/who/whom/whose/which/when/where/why/how 功能：既有词义，又在从句中充当________。 疑问词 词义 在从句所作成分 例句 what _____________ 主语 / 宾语 / 表语 I don’t know ______ is right.（主语） Tell me ______ you like.（宾语） who _____________ 主语 Do you know ______ broke the window?（主语） whom _____________ 宾语（口语常用 who 代替） I don’t know ______ you met.（宾语） whose _____________ 定语（修饰名词） I wonder ______ bag this is.（定语，修饰 bag） which _____________ 主语 / 宾语 / 定语 Tell me ______ is yours.（主语） I don’t know ______ book he wants.（定语修饰 book） when _____________ 时间状语 Could you tell me ______ he will come?（时间状语） where _____________ 地点状语 I want to know ______ she lives.（地点状语） why _____________ 原因状语 Please tell me ______ you are late.（原因状语） how _____________ 方式状语 I don’t know ______ he solved the problem.（方式状语） 核心考点挖空 1. what /who/whom /whose/which：代词类，在从句做______，______（能/不能）省略 2. when /where/why /how：副词类，在从句作______，从句本身主谓______（完整/不完整） ⚠️概念辨析：that vs what that：无含义、不作成分 what：有含义（……的事物），在从句做主/宾/表。 例：I know _______ he is honest.（that，无成分） I know _______ he said.（what，作said宾语） 三：语序——陈述语序 规则：无论原句是一般疑问、特殊疑问，改成宾语从句，一律用________语序。 错误：I wonder where is he. 正确：I wonder _______________. ⚠️记忆口诀 疑问变宾从，语序要转正；助动词退场，主语向前冲。 四：时态呼应 1. 主句为一般现在/现在完成时：从句时态______________，根据从句自身时间判断。 例：I think (that) he _______ (come) tomorrow. 2. 主句为一般过去时：从句时态必须变成对应的过去类时态（时态后退一步） 一般现在 → ____________ 一般将来 → ____________ 现在完成 → ____________ 例：He said that he _______ (visit) the museum the next week. 3. 特例：从句表达客观真理、客观事实，时态不变，永远一般现在时 The teacher told us that the earth _______ (go) around the sun. ⚠️避坑指南 客观真理不受主句过去时态影响！这是高频陷阱。 五：it 作形式宾语 结构：主语 + think/find/believe/consider + ____ + 形容词 + that从句 真正宾语是后面that从句，it不能换成that/this。 例：I find _______ strange that he refused the invitation. 六、否定转移 主句动词：think, believe, suppose, expect等； 语义上否定从句，但形式上否定_______。 中文：我认为他不会来。 英文：I _______ think he _______ (come). ⚠️易混易错 否定转移只适用于主语为第一人称，主句一般现在时。 七：宾语从句的简化 1. 当主句谓语动词是hope, decide, agree等，从句主语=主句主语 → 从句可简化为________ I hope that I can win. = I hope _______ _______. 2. 特殊疑问词引导宾从，主从句主语不一致，可简化为：疑问词 + ________ I don’t know what I should do. = I don’t know _______ _______ _______. 基础固本练（限时：15分钟） 一、单句语法填空。 1. Nobody can tell ________ achievements the young scientist will make in the next few years. 2. The reporter asked ________ was responsible for the safety accident that happened last night. 3. I have no idea ________ he managed to finish the tough task within such a short period of time. 4. Could you find out ________ of the two methods works better for our project? 5. She wondered ________ the manager refused to accept her suggestion on the new plan. 6. We still don’t know ________ the group of travellers will set off for the mountain area. 7. The boy asked his teacher ________ he could turn to for help when meeting trouble. 8. I really want to know ________ you hid the valuable painting in the old house. 9. No one knows ________ caused the sudden power cut in this whole community yesterday. 10. He was curious about ________ notebook was left on the lecture desk after the speech. 二、根据中文提示完成句子。 1. 我想知道他是如何在困境中保持自信的。 I wonder ________________________________________________. 2. 没人能说出是谁为这次慈善活动捐了这么多钱。 No one can tell ________________________________________________. 3. 老师问我们打算选择哪一个话题作为我们的研究项目。 The teacher asked ________________________________________________. 4. 她不清楚那本封面破损的书是谁的。 She doesn’t know ________________________________________________. 5. 我们都想弄明白为什么他拒绝了这个难得的机会。 We all want to find out ________________________________________________. 综合进阶练（限时：15分钟） 一、应用文（2026年全国2卷） 假定你是李华，外教Kate计划将你们班的英语作文汇编成册。请给Kate写封邮件，内容包括： (1)建议配图。 (2)自荐承担画图工作。 注意： (1)写作词数应为80个左右。 (2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Kate, It’s a great idea to make a collection of our English essays. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 二、读后续写（2026年全国2卷） 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 As far as I can remember, I’ve always been a night owl. Even in middle school I would stay up very late. I would feel completely at ease doing my homework in bed, with light music on. I found comfort in keeping myself awake when everyone else had gone to bed, and I loved the silence of the night. My parents urged me to get out of this so-called unhealthy habit, but their repeated requests fell on deaf ears. Fast forward to my first year of college. I still loved the night and would stay up until unruly hours for no apparent reason, chatting online and watching videos. When I finally started to study, I would race through the assigned work, often well past midnight. My roommates would tell me to go to bed and get up early the following morning to do it instead. Get up early to do my homework? No way! I would never do that. Then, one day last term, I did exactly that. Bent over my laptop while sitting on the bed in the corner of my room, I suddenly felt a pounding headache, and had to lie down. Unable to keep my eyes open, I decided I had no choice but to finish my homework the next morning. I woke up at 6am. Hardly had I written half a page when I felt a sharp pain in my chest. At the school clinic, a doctor, with a serious expression on his face, handed me a medical report. “You’re 20, but your heart is 40!” he said. A cold wave went through me. I realized that years of living as a late-night person had turned my heart into an overworked engine. 注意： (1)续写词数应为150个左右。 (2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Struck by the doctor’s warning, I knew I had to make a change. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Slowly but surely, my efforts to adjust to the new routine paid off. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 宾语从句 01 期中考情透视 02 复习目标锚定 03 知识体系构建 04 核心考点精讲 宾语从句 05 限时分层演练 基础固本练/综合进阶练 本专题核心考点覆盖宾语从句引导词选用、语序、时态呼应、否定转移、it作形式宾语。命题常结合语法填空、单项选择、写作句子构建设置情境。整体以基础送分为主，但that/what区分、if/whether辨析、主从句时态呼应是拉开分差的关键点。 识记 记住宾语从句三类引导词、陈述语序规则、时态呼应基本规律；熟记否定转移、形式宾语it的结构。 理解 分清that / what；if / whether用法差异；理解主句时态如何影响从句；识别宾语从句易错。 应用 单选、语法填空中准确选择引导词与动词时态；写作中正确写出宾语从句，提升句子丰富度。能在阅读理解中辨别宾语从句。 宾语从句 一、宾语从句基础概念 宾语从句：放在动词、介词、某些形容词后面，充当宾语的句子。一句话概括：句子作宾语。 宾语从句三大核心要素：①引导词 ②语序 ③时态 ⚠️概念辨析：宾语 vs 宾语从句 简单句宾语：I know the truth.（名词作宾语） 宾语从句：I know that he is honest.（句子作宾语） 二：引导词的选择 1. that引导的宾语从句 功能：只起连接作用，无词义，不作从句成分。 用法：陈述含义的句子，陈述句变宾语从句加that；that在口语/非正式写作中常可省略。 例句：I believe (that) our team will win. ⚠️避坑指南 如果宾语从句并列多个，第二个从句的that不可省略！ 例：He said (that) he liked reading and that he also enjoyed music. 2. whether / if 引导（表“是否”，一般疑问句转化而来） 含义：是否，在从句中不作成分。 ⚠️易混易错：whether VS if 只能用whether，不能用if的场景（4条） ① 介词后面：I’m interested in whether he will come. ② 与or not直接连用：I don’t know whether or not he agrees. ③ 不定式to do前面：She hasn’t decided whether to go abroad. ④ 宾语从句放句首：Whether he will attend the meeting, I’m not sure. 3. 特殊疑问词引导：what/who/whom/whose/which/when/where/why/how 功能：既有词义，又在从句中充当句子成分。 疑问词 词义 在从句所作成分 例句 what 什么；…… 的事物 主语 / 宾语 / 表语 I don’t know what is right.（主语） Tell me what you like.（宾语） who 谁（主格） 主语 Do you know who broke the window?（主语） whom 谁（宾格） 宾语（口语常用 who 代替） I don’t know whom you met.（宾语） whose 谁的 定语（修饰名词） I wonder whose bag this is.（定语，修饰 bag） which 哪一个 / 哪些 主语 / 宾语 / 定语 Tell me which is yours.（主语） I don’t know which book he wants.（定语修饰 book） when 什么时候 时间状语 Could you tell me when he will come?（时间状语） where 在哪里 地点状语 I want to know where she lives.（地点状语） why 为什么 原因状语 Please tell me why you are late.（原因状语） how 怎样；如何 方式状语 I don’t know how he solved the problem.（方式状语） 核心考点总结 1. what / who / whom / whose / which：代词类，在从句做主 / 宾 / 定 / 表，不能省略 2. when / where / why / how：副词类，在从句作状语，从句本身主谓完整 ⚠️概念辨析：that vs what that：无含义、不作成分 what：有含义（……的事物），在从句做主/宾/表。 例：I know that he is honest.（that，无成分） I know what he said.（what，作said宾语） 三：语序——陈述语序 规则：无论原句是一般疑问、特殊疑问，改成宾语从句，一律用陈述语序。 错误：I wonder where is he. 正确：I wonder where he is. ⚠️记忆口诀 疑问变宾从，语序要转正；助动词退场，主语向前冲。 四：时态呼应 1. 主句为一般现在/现在完成时：从句时态不受限制，根据从句自身时间判断。 例：I think (that) he will come (come) tomorrow. 2. 主句为一般过去时：从句时态必须变成对应的过去类时态（时态后退一步） 一般现在 → 一般过去时 一般将来 → 过去将来时 现在完成 → 过去完成时 例：He said that he would visit (visit) the museum the next week. 3. 特例：从句表达客观真理、客观事实，时态不变，永远一般现在时 The teacher told us that the earth goes (go) around the sun. ⚠️避坑指南 客观真理不受主句过去时态影响！这是高频陷阱。 五：it 作形式宾语 结构：主语 + think/find/believe/consider + it + 形容词 + that从句 真正宾语是后面that从句，it不能换成that/this。 例：I find it strange that he refused the invitation. 六：否定转移 主句动词：think, believe, suppose, expect等； 语义上否定从句，但形式上否定主句。 中文：我认为他不会来。 英文：I don’t think he will come (come). ⚠️易混易错 否定转移只适用于主语为第一人称，主句一般现在时。 七：宾语从句的简化 1. 当主句谓语动词是hope, decide, agree等，从句主语=主句主语 → 从句可简化为to do不定式 I hope that I can win. = I hope to win. 2. 特殊疑问词引导宾从，主从句主语不一致，可简化为：疑问词 + to do I don’t know what I should do. = I don’t know what to do. 基础固本练（限时：15分钟） 一、单句语法填空。 1. Nobody can tell ________ achievements the young scientist will make in the next few years. 2. The reporter asked ________ was responsible for the safety accident that happened last night. 3. I have no idea ________ he managed to finish the tough task within such a short period of time. 4. Could you find out ________ of the two methods works better for our project? 5. She wondered ________ the manager refused to accept her suggestion on the new plan. 6. We still don’t know ________ the group of travellers will set off for the mountain area. 7. The boy asked his teacher ________ he could turn to for help when meeting trouble. 8. I really want to know ________ you hid the valuable painting in the old house. 9. No one knows ________ caused the sudden power cut in this whole community yesterday. 10. He was curious about ________ notebook was left on the lecture desk after the speech. 【答案】1. what 2. who 3. how 4. which 5. why 6. when 7. whom/who 8. where 9. what 10. whose 二、根据中文提示完成句子。 1. 我想知道他是如何在困境中保持自信的。 I wonder ________________________________________________. 2. 没人能说出是谁为这次慈善活动捐了这么多钱。 No one can tell ________________________________________________. 3. 老师问我们打算选择哪一个话题作为我们的研究项目。 The teacher asked ________________________________________________. 4. 她不清楚那本封面破损的书是谁的。 She doesn’t know ________________________________________________. 5. 我们都想弄明白为什么他拒绝了这个难得的机会。 We all want to find out ________________________________________________. 【答案】1. how he kept confident in difficult situations 2. who donated so much money for this charity activity 3. which topic we would choose for our research project 4. whose book with a broken cover it is 5. why he refused this rare chance 综合进阶练（限时：15分钟） 一、应用文（2026年全国2卷） 假定你是李华，外教Kate计划将你们班的英语作文汇编成册。请给Kate写封邮件，内容包括： (1)建议配图。 (2)自荐承担画图工作。 注意： (1)写作词数应为80个左右。 (2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Kate, It’s a great idea to make a collection of our English essays. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Kate, It’s a great idea to make a collection of our English essays. This compilation will surely be a wonderful showcase of our English learning achievements. I have a suggestion that might enhance the overall quality of this collection — adding relevant pictures. Pictures can play a vital role in making the essays more engaging. For example, if an essay is about a travel experience, a vivid picture of the described scenery can bring the story to life, helping readers better visualize the places and emotions. I’m quite interested in contributing to this project. As I have been learning drawing for years and have a good command of various drawing techniques, I believe I can create pictures that perfectly match the themes of the essays. Looking forward to your reply. Yours, Li Hua 二、读后续写（2026年全国2卷） 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 As far as I can remember, I’ve always been a night owl. Even in middle school I would stay up very late. I would feel completely at ease doing my homework in bed, with light music on. I found comfort in keeping myself awake when everyone else had gone to bed, and I loved the silence of the night. My parents urged me to get out of this so-called unhealthy habit, but their repeated requests fell on deaf ears. Fast forward to my first year of college. I still loved the night and would stay up until unruly hours for no apparent reason, chatting online and watching videos. When I finally started to study, I would race through the assigned work, often well past midnight. My roommates would tell me to go to bed and get up early the following morning to do it instead. Get up early to do my homework? No way! I would never do that. Then, one day last term, I did exactly that. Bent over my laptop while sitting on the bed in the corner of my room, I suddenly felt a pounding headache, and had to lie down. Unable to keep my eyes open, I decided I had no choice but to finish my homework the next morning. I woke up at 6am. Hardly had I written half a page when I felt a sharp pain in my chest. At the school clinic, a doctor, with a serious expression on his face, handed me a medical report. “You’re 20, but your heart is 40!” he said. A cold wave went through me. I realized that years of living as a late-night person had turned my heart into an overworked engine. 注意： (1)续写词数应为150个左右。 (2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Struck by the doctor’s warning, I knew I had to make a change. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Slowly but surely, my efforts to adjust to the new routine paid off. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Struck by the doctor’s warning, I knew I had to make a change. That very night, I initiated my battle against my deep-rooted habits. I forcibly switched off my laptop and phone at 10 p.m., placing them completely out of reach. However, my rebellious biological clock refused to cooperate. I tossed and turned in the darkness, the silence of the room amplifying my anxiety. The urge to grab my phone and drown in videos was overwhelmingly tempting. Just as my willpower was about to crumble, the doctor's stern voice and that terrifying sharp pain in my chest echoed in my mind, anchoring me back to reality. I squeezed my eyes shut, practicing deep breathing until exhaustion finally claimed me. Slowly but surely, my efforts to adjust to the new routine paid off. The mornings, which used to be my greatest enemy, gradually transformed into a welcoming friend. Instead of racing through assignments with a foggy brain at midnight, I found myself tackling them with a clear and focused mind in the golden sunlight. Not only did the heavy burden on my chest vanish, but an unprecedented sense of vitality also flowed through my veins. When I proudly showed my parents my improved medical report during the holiday, their relieved smiles were my best reward. I finally realized that true comfort isn't found in the unruly hours of the night, but in the vibrant rhythm of a disciplined life. 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $