Unit 4 Inventions 测验A卷（广州专用） 2026-2027学年沪教版八年级英语上册

沪教版八年级英语上册 Unit 4 Inventions测验A卷（广州专用） 沪教版八年级英语上册 Unit 4 Inventions测验A卷（广州专用）【新教材】 本卷共四大题，10页，满分110分。考试用时100分钟。 注意事项： 1. 答题前，考生务必在答题卡上用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔填写自己的考生号、姓名。 2. 选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。答案不能答在试卷上。 3. 非选择题答案必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔写在答题卡各题目指定区域内的相应位置上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案，改动后的答案也不能超出指定的区域；不准使用铅笔、涂改液和修正带。不按以上要求作答的答案无效。 4. 考生必须保持答题卡的整洁，考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 一、语言知识及运用（共两节；满分 25 分） 第一节 语法选择（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分） 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从 1～10 各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 项中选出最佳选项。 The airplane is one of the greatest inventions. Before it was invented, people travelled by ship or train. It took a long time 1 to a faraway place. In 1903, two American brothers, Wilbur and Orville Wright, invented the first airplane. They built it out of wood and cloth. The first flight lasted only 12 seconds, 2 it was a great success. Early airplanes were very small. They could only carry one or two people. They were much 3 than today’s planes. 4 an airplane was not easy at that time. Pilots needed a lot of training. Today, airplanes are very different. They are huge and can carry hundreds 5 people. They fly very 6 . People use them to travel to 7 countries. Airplanes have changed 8 lives. They are one of the most important 9 in history. The airplane is 10 amazing invention. 1. A. get B. getting C. to get D. got 2. A. so B. but C. or D. because 3. A. small B. smaller C. smallest D. the smallest 4. A. Fly B. Flew C. Flies D. Flying 5. A. about B. with C. for D. of 6. A. quick B. quicker C. quickly D. quickest 7. A. others B. other C. the other D. another 8. A. people’s B. people C. peoples D. peoples’ 9. A. invention B. inventing C. inventions D. invented 10. A. a B. an C. the D. / 第二节 完形填空（共 10 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 10 分） 阅读下面短文，掌握大意，然后从 11～20 各题所给的 A、B、C、D 项中，选出最佳选项。 The refrigerator is a common invention. It helps us keep food fresh. Before it was invented, people had to eat food quickly. They could not 11 food for a long time. In winter, food stayed fresh because of the cold weather. But in summer, it spoiled（变质） 12 . In 1803, an American inventor named Oliver Evans designed the first refrigerator. However, it was not very 13 . It was large and expensive. In 1913, a French engineer made a better one. It used a special gas to make things cold. This was a big 14 . Later, refrigerators became smaller and cheaper. More and more families 15 to buy them. Today, refrigerators are found in almost every 16 . They come in many sizes and colours. They keep our food safe and fresh. They also help us 17 money because we do not need to buy food every day. We can store food for weeks. This is very 18 for busy families. The refrigerator has changed our lives 19 . It is one of the most useful 20 in our daily lives. We should thank the inventors who made it possible. 11. A. keep B. buy C. cook D. eat 12. A. hardly B. slowly C. easily D. never 13. A. practical B. bad C. new D. old 14. A. problem B. mistake C. improvement D. dream 15. A. hated B. refused C. forgot D. wanted 16. A. school B. home C. office D. shop 17. A. save B. waste C. spend D. lose 18. A. boring B. difficult C. helpful D. dangerous 19. A. a little B. hardly C. greatly D. never 20. A. problems B. books C. stories D. inventions 二、阅读（共两节；满分 35 分） 第一节 阅读理解（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分） 阅读下面短文，掌握大意，然后从 21～35 各题所给的 A、B、C、D 项中，选出最佳选项。 (A) Last month, my grandfather gave me a very old radio. It was small and brown. It looked like a box. I asked him, “What is this?” He smiled and said, “This was my father’s radio. It is over eighty years old.” I turned it on. At first, there was only noise. Suddenly, I heard music. It was a song from the 1940s. My grandfather closed his eyes and listened. He looked very happy. He told me that when he was a boy, his family would sit around this radio every evening. They listened to the news, stories and music together. There was no TV then. The radio was their window to the world. I took the radio home. I cleaned it carefully. Now I listen to it every weekend. I can pick up old radio stations. Sometimes I hear old songs. I think about my grandfather and his family. This radio is not just a machine. It holds memories from his past. 21. Who gave the writer the old radio? A. His father. B. His grandfather. C. His friend. D. His teacher. 22. How did the grandfather feel when he heard the music? A. He felt delighted. B. He felt angry. C. He felt tired. D. He felt bored. 23. What did the grandfather’s family do in the evening when he was a boy? A. They watched TV together. B. They played computer games. C. They gathered around the radio to enjoy programmes. D. They went to bed early. 24. What does the writer do with the radio now? A. He sells it. B. He puts it in a box. C. He uses it regularly on weekends. D. He gives it to his friend. 25. What does the writer think of the radio? A. He thinks it is useless. B. He thinks it is expensive. C. He thinks it is too old to use. D. He regards it as a reminder of the past. (B) Should Students Have Smartphones at School? Last week, our school held a discussion about smartphones. Some students said phones are useful. Others said they cause problems. Here are two students’ opinions. Li Hua: I think students should bring their phones to school. My parents worry about my safety, so a phone helps me keep in touch with them. With a phone, I can call them after school. Besides, I can use my phone to look up new words after class. It helps me learn faster. We just need to follow the rules. We should not use phones during lessons. Zhang Wei: I don’t agree. Many students play games in class. They don’t listen to the teacher. Phones make it hard for students to focus. Also, some students use phones to copy others’ homework. That is not fair. I think we should leave our phones at home. What do you think? Write to us and share your ideas. 26. What did the school do last week? A. They held a debate（辩论）on a topic. B. They bought new phones. C. They had a maths test. D. They watched a film. 27. Why does Li Hua think phones are useful? A. He can play games. B. He can take photos. C. He can keep in touch with his parents and expand his vocabulary. D. He can listen to music. 28. What does Zhang Wei worry about? A. Phones are too expensive. B. Students may be distracted and cheat. C. Phones are too heavy. D. Students lose their phones. 29. What does Li Hua say about rules? A. There should be no rules. B. Students can use phones anytime. C. Teachers should take phones away. D. Phones should be banned in class. 30. What is the main purpose of this text? A. To tell a story. B. To sell phones. C. To present different views on a school issue. D. To teach how to use phones. (C) Bamboo is a very useful plant. It grows in many places in Asia. It is very strong and light. People use bamboo to make many things. Bamboo grows very fast. Some kinds of bamboo can grow one metre a day. This rapid growth makes it a sustainable（可持续的）and practical material. People do not need to wait many years for it to grow. They can cut it and use it soon. Bamboo is also good for the environment. It produces more oxygen than many trees do. People use bamboo to build houses, bridges and furniture（家具）. In some countries, people eat bamboo shoots. They are very healthy. Bamboo is also used to make paper, baskets and musical instruments. In the past, people wrote on bamboo by carving words into it with a knife. Today, bamboo is still very important. Scientists are finding new ways to use it. They make bamboo cups, toothbrushes and even bicycles. Bamboo is a wonderful gift from nature. 31. What is bamboo like? A. It is heavy and soft. B. It is thin and short. C. It is weak and dark. D. It is both sturdy and lightweight. 32. How fast can some bamboo grow? A. One metre a year. B. One metre a month. C. One centimetre a day. D. It can grow up to 100 centimetres daily. 33. Why is bamboo good for the environment? A. It is cheap. B. It grows slowly. C. It releases more oxygen than many trees do. D. It does not need water. 34. What did people use bamboo for in the past? A. To make phones. B. It was used as a writing material. C. To make cars. D. To build computers. 35. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Bamboo is a valuable natural resource. B. Bamboo is only for pandas. C. Bamboo is difficult to grow. D. Bamboo is not useful today. 第二节 阅读填空（共 5 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 5 分） 阅读短文及文后选项，选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案。选项中有一项为多余选项。 The microwave oven is a common appliance（电器）in many kitchens. It heats food quickly and easily. 36 It was invented by accident in 1945. An American engineer named Percy Spencer was working on radar equipment（设备）. 37 He noticed that the chocolate bar in his pocket had melted. He was surprised because he had felt no heat. He realized that the radar waves had cooked the chocolate. Spencer decided to test his idea. He put some popcorn near the radar device. 38 Then he tried an egg. It exploded（爆炸）! He knew he had discovered something important. The first microwave ovens were very expensive. 39 They were used in restaurants and ships. Later, smaller and cheaper models were made for homes. 40 Today, almost every family has one. It is a time-saving invention. 选项： A. The popcorn popped quickly. B. But do you know how it was invented? C. They became popular in the 1970s. D. He was standing near a radar tube. E. They were too big for homes. F. It was a great success. 三、项目情境（读写综合）（共两节；满分 20 分） 第一节 项目情境（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分） 阅读以下关于学校“古代智慧发明体验营”的活动介绍，请根据同学们的兴趣匹配对应的活动内容，并将活动内容所对应的A、B、C、D、E、F选项填在相应位置上。选项中有一项为多余选项。 A. Build a simple weaving machine with cardboard and thread（线）. Weave a piece of cloth. Learn how ancient people made clothes. B. Make a small boat with wood and a sail. Wind pushes it. Learn how people used sails to travel. C. Make a sundial with a stick and stones. Use the shadow to tell the time. Learn how ancient people kept time. D. Make a kite with bamboo and paper. The wind lifts it high. Learn how people used wind for fun. E. Make an abacus with beads and a frame. Use it to count. Learn about a great invention from ancient China. F. Build a water wheel with bottle caps. Water turns the wheel. Learn how people used water to do work. 41. Li Ming is curious about how ancient people measured time. 42. Zhang Hua wants to learn how clothing was made in the past. 43. Wang Tao is interested in using water to power machines. 44. Chen Lin enjoys flying kites and wants to know how wind lifts objects. 45. Liu Ying likes working with numbers and wants to learn how ancient Chinese people performed calculations. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 第二节 读写综合（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分） 阅读短文，掌握大意，并回答以下问题。 The ballpoint pen is a great invention. Before it was invented, people used fountain pens. Fountain pens were messy because they often leaked（漏）ink and had to be refilled. In 1938, a Hungarian journalist named László Bíró invented the ballpoint pen. He noticed that newspaper ink dried very quickly and didn’t smudge（模糊）. He had an idea. He put a tiny ball in a tube. When a person writes, the ball rolls and picks up ink. The ink flows out smoothly, making writing clean and convenient. Later, Bíró moved to Argentina. His pen became popular there. In 1945, an American company bought the rights to his invention. Soon, ballpoint pens were mass-produced. They were cheap and easy to use. Millions of people use ballpoint pens every day. Students use them at school. Workers use them in offices. Artists use them to draw. The ballpoint pen is a simple yet useful invention. 46. What did people use before the ballpoint pen was invented? 47. Who invented the ballpoint pen? 48. What did László Bíró notice about newspaper ink? 49. How does the ballpoint pen work? 50. Why is the ballpoint pen a great invention? 四、写作（共三节；满分 30 分） 第一节 语篇填词（共 5 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 5 分） 根据下列语篇以及所给单词的首字母写出所缺单词。（每空只写一词） The 3D printer is a wonderful (51). It can make many things, such as toys, cups and even cars. It uses a special technology to build objects layer by layer. First, you need to design a model on a computer. Then you choose the right material. Some printers use plastic, and others use metal. Next, the printer h (52) the material until it becomes soft and then pushes it out through a small nozzle（喷嘴）. This process is called 3D printing. The 3D printer has many b (53). It can save time and money. It also allows people to make things at home. However, some people n (54) that it can be dangerous because of the fumes（烟雾）. But scientists are working to make it safer. Without d (55), the 3D printer is one of the most important inventions of all time. It may change the way we make things in the future. 第二节 语法填空（共 5 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 5 分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Buttons are simple but useful. They keep our clothes fastened. Before buttons, people used pins or belts. These were not convenient. The first buttons (56) (make) of bone or wood. They were used for decoration（装饰）, not for fastening（扣紧）. Later, people made buttons with holes. They could hold clothes together. This made buttons popular. Today, buttons are made of plastic, metal or wood. (57) they are small, they are important. A button is not as (58) (dangerous) as a pin because it doesn’t hurt people. Buttons come in many shapes and colours. Some are round. (59) (other) are square. People use them on shirts, coats and trousers. Although we seldom notice them, buttons are one of (60) (common) inventions in our lives. 第三节 书面表达（共 1 题，满分 20 分） 假定你是李华，学校英语俱乐部正在举办“我的发明”征文比赛。请你写一篇短文，介绍你设计的一种“智能坐姿提醒椅”（smart posture reminder chair），帮助同学们保持正确坐姿。内容包括： 1. 它是什么样子的？ 2. 它有什么功能？ 3. 它如何帮助同学们？ 要求： 1. 词数80词以上。 2. 行文条理清晰，语句通顺连贯，语法规范无误。 3. 文中不得出现真实的人名、班级及学校名称。 参考答案 一、语言知识及运用 第一节 语法选择 1. C 2. B 3. B 4. D 5. D 6. C 7. B 8. A 9. C 10. B 1. 解析：本题考查固定句型 It takes (sb.) some time to do sth.，意为“做某事花费（某人）多长时间”，因此填动词不定式 to get。 2. 解析：前半句“第一次飞行仅持续了 12 秒”和后半句“这是一次巨大的成功”是转折关系，用 but 连接。 3. 解析：句中出现比较级标志词 than，且 much 可修饰比较级，因此用 small 的比较级 smaller。 4. 解析：句子缺少主语，动词原形不能作主语，要用动名词形式 Flying 作主语，表示“驾驶飞机”这件事。 5. 解析：本题考查固定短语 hundreds of，意为“数以百计的，成百上千的”。 6. 解析：此处修饰动词 fly，需要用副词形式；very 后接形容词 / 副词原级，因此填 quickly。 7. 解析：other 后可接可数名词复数，意为“其他的”；others 后不接名词；the other 特指两者中的另一个；another 后接单数名词。空后是复数名词 countries，因此选 other。 8. 解析：此处表示“人们的生活”，需要用名词所有格；people 的所有格形式是 people’s。 9. 解析：本题考查固定结构 one of the + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数，意为“最……的……之一”，因此 invention 要用复数形式 inventions。 10. 解析：此处泛指“一项了不起的发明”，amazing 以元音音素开头，因此用不定冠词 an。 第二节 完形填空 11. A 12. C 13. A 14. C 15. D 16. B 17. A 18. C 19. C 20. D 11. 解析：根据前文“人们不得不快速吃掉食物”可知，以前人们无法长时间保存食物，keep 表示“保存，保留”，符合语境。 12. 解析：结合常识，夏天温度高，食物很容易变质；easily 意为“容易地”，符合逻辑。 13. 解析：根据后一句“它体积大、价格贵”可知，早期的冰箱并不实用；practical 意为“实用的”。 14. 解析：前文提到“1913 年一位法国工程师造出了更好的冰箱”，说明这是一次很大的改进；improvement 意为“改进，提升”。 15. 解析：前文说冰箱变得更小、更便宜，因此越来越多家庭想要购买；wanted 意为“想要”。 16. 解析：冰箱是家用电器，因此句意为“如今几乎每个家庭里都有冰箱”，选 home。 17. 解析：根据后文“我们不需要每天买食物”可知，冰箱可以帮我们省钱；save money 是固定搭配，意为“省钱”。 18. 解析：可以一次储存数周的食物，这对忙碌的家庭来说很有帮助；helpful 意为“有帮助的”。 19. 解析：结合全文主旨，冰箱极大地改变了人们的生活；greatly 意为“极大地，非常”。 20. 解析：全文围绕“冰箱这一发明”展开，此处表示“它是我们日常生活中最有用的发明之一”，符合文章主题。 二、阅读 第一节 阅读理解 21. B 22. A 23. C 24. C 25. D 21. 解析：根据第一段第一句 Last month, my grandfather gave me a very old radio. 可知，是祖父送给作者的收音机。 22. 解析：根据第二段 He looked very happy. 可知，祖父听到音乐时很开心；delighted 与 happy 同义。 23. 解析：根据第二段 his family would sit around this radio every evening. They listened to the news, stories and music together. 可知，祖父小时候全家每晚围在收音机旁收听节目。 24. 解析：根据第三段 Now I listen to it every weekend. 可知，作者现在每个周末都会使用收音机。 25. 解析：根据文章最后两句 This radio is not just a machine. It holds memories from his past. 可知，作者认为这台收音机承载着过去的回忆，是对过往的纪念。 26. A 27. C 28. B 29. D 30. C 26. 解析：根据第一段第一句 Last week, our school held a discussion about smartphones. 可知，学校上周就智能手机话题举办了一场讨论。 27. 解析：根据李华的发言，他认为手机的用处一是可以和父母保持联系，二是可以查生词、帮助学习。 28. 解析：根据张伟的发言，他担心两点：一是学生上课玩手机、注意力不集中，二是有人用手机抄作业、作弊。 29. 解析：根据李华最后一句 We should not use phones during lessons. 可知，他认为上课期间禁止使用手机。 30. 解析：文章通过两位学生的发言，呈现了关于“学生是否该带手机上学”这一校园问题的两种不同观点。 31. D 32. D 33. C 34. B 35. A  31. 解析：根据第一段第三句 It is very strong and light. 可知，竹子既坚固又轻便；sturdy 与 strong 同义，lightweight 与 light 同义。 32. 解析：根据第二段第二句 Some kinds of bamboo can grow one metre a day. 可知，有些竹子一天能长一米，即 100 厘米。 33. 解析：根据第二段最后一句 It produces more oxygen than many trees do. 可知，竹子比很多树木释放更多氧气，对环境有益。 34. 解析：根据第三段最后一句 In the past, people wrote on bamboo by carving words into it with a knife. 可知，过去人们把竹子用作书写材料。 35. 解析：全文围绕竹子的特点、多种用途展开，核心是说明竹子是一种非常有价值的自然资源。 第二节 阅读填空 36. B 37. D 38. A 39. E 40. C 36. 解析：前文介绍微波炉的基本用途，后文开始讲述它的发明过程，B 项“但是你知道它是怎么被发明的吗？”起到过渡作用，引出下文。 37. 解析：前文提到工程师在研究雷达设备，后文提到口袋里的巧克力融化，D 项“他正站在一根雷达管旁边”交代背景，解释巧克力融化的原因。 38. 解析：前文提到他把爆米花放在雷达设备旁做实验，A 项“爆米花很快爆开了”承接实验结果，符合逻辑。 39. 解析：前文说最早的微波炉很贵，后文说它们被用于餐馆和轮船，E 项“它们体积太大，不适合家庭使用”衔接前后文。 40. 解析：前文讲更小、更便宜的家用款问世，后文说如今几乎每家都有，C 项“它们在 20 世纪 70 年代流行起来”承上启下，说明普及过程。 三、项目情境（读写综合） 第一节 项目情境 41. C 42. A 43. F 44. D 45. E 41. 解析：李明对古人测量时间的方式好奇，C 项活动是制作日晷、利用影子计时，对应“测量时间”的兴趣点。 42. 解析：张华想了解古代制衣方式，A 项活动是制作简易织布机、织布，对应“制作衣物”的主题。 43. 解析：王涛对用水驱动机器感兴趣，F 项活动是制作水车、了解水力做功，对应“水力驱动”的兴趣。 44. 解析：陈林喜欢放风筝、想了解风如何升举物体，D 项活动是制作风筝、学习风力原理，完全匹配。 45. 解析：刘英喜欢数字、想了解中国古代计算方式，E 项活动是制作算盘、了解中国古代计算发明，对应需求。 第二节 读写综合 46. They used fountain pens. 47. László Bíró. 48. It dried very quickly and didn’t smudge. 49. When a person writes, a tiny ball rolls to pick up ink and the ink flows out smoothly. 50. Because it is clean, convenient, inexpensive and widely used around the world. 四、写作 第一节 语篇填词 51. invention 52. heats 53. benefits 54. notice 55. doubt 51. 解析：句意为“3D 打印机是一项很棒的发明”，结合首字母，填 invention。 52. 解析：根据后文“直到材料变软”可知，打印机加热材料；主语 printer 是第三人称单数，一般现在时，填 heats。 53. 解析：后文“省时省钱、可在家制作物品”都是 3D 打印机的优点；many 后接可数名词复数，填 benefits。 54. 解析：句意为“然而，一些人注意到它可能因为烟雾而存在危险”；结合首字母，填 notice。 55. 解析：固定短语 without doubt 意为“毫无疑问”，符合句意。 第二节 语法填空 56. were made 57. Although / Though 58. dangerous 59. Others 60. the most common 56. 解析：主语 buttons 和 make 是被动关系，且讲述过去的事情，用一般过去时的被动语态；主语是复数，填 were made。 57. 解析：前后分句是让步关系，“虽然它们很小，但很重要”，句首大写，填 Although 或 Though。 58. 解析：as...as 结构中间用形容词或副词原级；此处作表语，用形容词原级 dangerous。 59. 解析：固定结构 some...others... 意为“一些……另一些……”，此处作主语，句首大写，填 Others。 60. 解析：固定结构 one of the + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数；common 的最高级是 most common，填 the most common。 第三节 书面表达 My invention is a smart posture reminder chair. It looks like a normal chair, but it has a small sensor inside. The sensor can detect whether you are sitting correctly. When you sit incorrectly, the chair will vibrate gently and make a soft sound, reminding you to sit up straight. It can also track how long you have been sitting. After an hour, it will remind you to stand up and move around. This chair helps students maintain proper posture, protect their backs and eyes, and study more comfortably and healthily. I think it is a useful invention. 1 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $