【教材笔记】5.3 Language Practice至Words and Expressions-Ancient Civilization《英语 基础模块2》（高教版第三版）

宾语从句是指在复合句中充当宾语的一个句子。宾语从句的三要素是引导词、语序和时态。 1.由that引导的宾语从句 当宾语从句是陈述句时，用连接词that引导，that在句中无实际意义，不作句子成分，可以省略。 2.由if/het her引导的宾语从句 当宾语从句为一般疑问句时，用i或het her引导，意为“是否”。if和het her只起连接作用，不作句子成分 ,但不可以省略。 注意：下列情况下只能用whether: (1)直接与“or not'”连用时，只能用whether..(2)在介词之后只能用whether(3)在不定式前只能用whether。. 3.由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句 当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时，特殊疑问词可以直接用作引导词，因为它同时兼具连接代词或连接副词的功能。 而且，它在句中有实际意义，作句子成分，不可以省略。可用连接代词who,whom、whose,what,which以及接 副词hen、here、hy、ho引导宾语从句。 二、宾语从句的语序 宾语从句用陈述语序，即“3mmar Did you know that the Silk Road was neither an actual 从句 road nor a single route? (引导词十)主语+谓语十其 他成分”。 Strongevidence suggests that silk products were introduced to Greece from China in the 6th century BC. 三、宾语从句的时态 宾语从句中谓语动词的时态常常受到主句谓语动词时Could you tell me where the Silk Roadxtion好 态的制约，即时态呼应。如果主句是一般现在时或将 来时，从句的时态基本不受限制如果主句的时态是一 I wonder whether there're any volunteer guides for the 般过去时，从句一般改为相应的过去时态； exhibition or not. 如果宾语从句是客观真理、自然现象或事实，这时宾 语从句要用一般现在时。例如： The teacher told us that light travels faster than sound. 告我光声音传播得快。 5Read and underline. 读以下句子，标出宾语从句。 这本书描述了毕昇在11世纪如何发明泥字。 l)The book describes how Bi Sheng invented clay types(泥活字)in the 11th century. 我不知道明天博物馆是否会举办展览。 2)I don't know if there will be an exhibition in the museum tomorrow. 我在课堂上学到，文化是文明 3)eaedinthacureis part of acviiai,的年部券。 他解释了为什么丝绸之路在当时如此重要。 4)He explained why the Silk Road was so important at that time 5)Do you know who made the first printing machine?你知道谁制造了第一台印刷机吗？ 6)History tells us that learning from each other is important between different civilizations. 历史告诉我们，不同文明之间相互学习非常重要！ 16 Read and complete. 选择适当的引导词，完成宾语从句。 1)The picture shows how(how/whose)paper was made in ancient China. 这张图片展示了古代中国如何制造纸。 2)Do you know who (whom who)was the inventor of the first computer? 你知道谁是第一台计算机的发明者吗？ Ancient Civilization 079 3)He asked me if (if that)I had read The Travels of Marco Polo. 他问我是否读过《马可：波罗游记》？ 4)I found that (that what)all the tickets for the exhibition had been sold out. 我发现展览的所有门票都已售罄。 5)Could you tell me_what( (when what)was used to build the Great Wall? 你能告诉我建造长城用了什么吗？ 6)I wonder whether (whether if)the new device will work or not. 我想知道这个新设备是否能正常工作。 17 Choose and complete. 选择合适的语句补全对话，注意句中宾语从句的用法。 Lucy was writing a paper about the Silk Road I could go there with you next time you went to the History Museum yesterday what the exhibition was like you like ancient civilization -11 Sam:I heard 1) c Linda:Yeah.I went there with Lucy. Sam:I don't know 2)E Linda:Actually,we went there to see an exhibition of the Silk Road. Sam: Oh,I remembered 3)A Linda: Exactly.She wanted to get more information for her paper. Sam:I see.Tell me 4) D Linda:It was wonderful!And there were many visitors in the hall.... Sam: I wonder if 5) B Linda:No problem! UNIT 5 080 Vocabulary 18 Choose and complete. 选择合适的短语，用其适当形式补全句子。 我最被它的特殊设计所吸引。 1)I was most attracted to its special design. 丝绸之路改变了东西方的人们。 2) ●as early as The Silk Road changed people in both the East and West. 您愿意为我们的收藏做出贡献吗？ 。contribute to 3) Would you like to contribute to our collection! ·attract to 4)He often searches for art treasures in th他瓮，在市场上寻找艺术珍品。 search for The temple was made by the ancient Greeks 5) as early as the Silk Road 2 400 years ago. 这座寺庙是由古希腊人最早在400年前建造的。 19 Read and complete. 用所给单词的适当形式补全短文。 Last night,I watched a TV show about the Silk Road.For the first route time,I knew that the Silk Road was not a single 1)route link 2)Actually,it was a network of ancient trade routes which actual 3)_linked different countries.People along the road 4)exchanged treasure goods as well as information and technology.The entire road was exchange such a 5)treasure that it contributed to the development of all the countries along the road. 昨晚，我观看了一档关于丝绸之路的电视节目。第一次了解到，丝绸 之路并菲一条单一的路线。实际上，它是一个由古代贸易路线组成的 网络，连接着不同的国家。沿途的人们交换商品、信息和技术。整个 丝绸之路如此珍贵，它促进了沿线所有国家的发展。 Ancient Civilization 081 Culture Understanding 关于丝绸之路的有趣知识 Interesting Facts About the Silk Road 丝绸之路曾是一条极其漫长的贸易路线，它连接了中国与西欧。 The Silk Road was an incredibly long trade route,and it connected China with Western Europe. adv.难以置信地 其名称来源于丝绸，这是该路线上交易的一种非常重要的商品。中国与西方之间交易着许多不同的物品。 The name comes from silk,which was a very important thing traded on the road.Many different things were traded between China and the West. 过去分词短语作后置定语 n.火药 来自中国的纸张和火药经由丝绸之路传播出去。 Paper and gunpowder from China traveled along the Silk Road. n.佛教 v.传播 佛教也沿着这条路传播，因为僧侣们常与商人结伴而行。 Buddhism also spread along the road because monks traveled with merchants n.僧侣 n.商人 商人们骑着骆驼和马匹旅行，并在不同的站点交换货物。 Merchants traveled on camels and horses,and they exchanged goods at different stops. n.货物 The most famous2er9没萝Ro3dwa战Polo, 《马可 罗游记 His book The Travels of Marco Polo told Europeans about How did the Silk amazing things like paper money and fireworks Road contribute to 丝绸之路上最著名的旅行者是马可：波罗。他的著作《马可： 波 cultural exchanges 罗游记》向欧洲人介绍了像纸市和烟花这样令人惊成的事物。 between China and the West? 0难以置信地®佛教日商人 The Silk Road helped trade,culture and technology flow between China and the West. Goods trade:Chinese silk,paper and tea went west.Fruits,spices and glass came to China Cultural exchange:Religions,art and customs spread along the road. Technology communication:Chinese inventions like papermaking were brought to the West. Western skills also reached China. It connected different civilizations and brought great changes for both sides s UNIT 5 e。ee。。e400040400000g4 082 Group Work制作一个关于莫高窟的演示文稿。 Make a presentation about the Mogao Caves. Situation 1 The pieces of information given are related to the 莫高窟是人类文明的瑰宝。你所在的班级班 Mogao Caves.Put them together to answer the 利用“数字致煌”网站组织一次线上研学，了 questions below.将与莫高窟有关的信息片段组合，回 解莫高窟的历史，感受其艺术魅力。你们州 答下列问题。 负责制作幻灯片，简要介绍莫高窟的有关判 息，以帮助其他同学更好地开展线上研学。 始于公元366年 began in 366 AD near one of the most important cities on the ancient Silk Road 度麦袋斧塑之蹄是 嘉髓 ancient art treasures such as wall paintings a place with valuable information about and sculptures ancient history and culture 有价養活直然等和文化 went on for over 1 600 ancient books and documents years持续了超过1600年 古代书籍和文献 Dunhuang,Gansu great results of cultural exchanges Province 甘肃省敦煌 along the ancient Silk Road 古代丝绸之路沿线文化交 流的丰硕成果 Where are the Mogao Caves? When were the Mogao Caves built? near one of the most important cities on the began in 366 AD anci ent Silk Rad went on for over 1 600 years Dunhuang,Gansu Provi nce What is inside the Mogao Caves? Why are the Mogao Caves so important? anci ent art treasures such a pl ace with val uabl e as wal I pai nt i ngs and i nf or mat i on about anci ent scul pt ures hi st ory and cul ture anci ent books and document s great resul ts of cul tur al exchanges al ong t he anci ent Silk Rad Ancient Civilization 083 2 Work in groups,brainstorm,and list other things you know about the Mogao Caves.Use the Internet to check if necessary.小组合作，集思广益，列出你们知道的 关于莫高窟的其他信息，必要时可利用互联网进行查证。 Use the information you have to make a presentation to help your classmates better understand the Mogao Caves.用你所掌握的信息制作一组幻灯片，帮助其他同 学更好地研学莫高窟。 2 I V 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 Self-Assessment 完成以下练习，根据所给标准评价你对本单元学习内容的掌握程度。 0 Think and translate..翻译以下词语。 1)lively生机勃勃的；活泼的 2)exhibition展览 3) exchange交流；交换 4)impress 使留下印象 5)search for 寻找 6)财宝；珍品 treasure 7)路线 route 8)有魅力的attracti ve 9)连接 link 10)有助于 cont ri bute to Excellent:≥g☐ Good:7-8 Need to review::≤6 2 Read and complete the sentences.用连接词who/ihat/when/why/whether,/how补 全宾语从句。 why /how /when )我很好奇古埃及人建造了金字塔。 1)I am curious the ancient Egyptians built the pyramids. whether /how 2)Researchers are trying to get clear on tne ancient Greeks had 研究人员正试图弄清楚古希腊人是否与其他文明有过 contact with other civilizations. 接触。 我想知道谁在古代发明了第一种书写形式。 3 wonder who invented the first form of writing in ancient times that/how /why 4)He explained tne ancient Greeks made significant contributions 他解释那个/如何/为什么古希腊人对世界做出了重大贡献。 to the world. 5)We learned that Cai Lun invented papermaking during the Han 我们了解到蔡伦在汉朝期间发明了造纸术。 Dynasty. 6)Scientists study why/how the Silk Road became a major trading route in ancient times..科学家研究丝绸之路为什么/如何在古代成为一条主要的贸易路线。 ⊙ Excellent:≥5 0 Good:4☐ Need to review:≤3 085 ③Read and complete the passage.用方框中所给词语的适当形式补全短文。 route exchange link impress contribute to as early as 加入我们10月15日至20日的丝绸之路之旅！这是一个独特的机会让您探索这 Dear students, 条将中国与西方相连的古代路线。，我们将参观重要景点，在那你可以亲身体 验羊富多彩的文花历更。您将欣赏百代艺术，了解贸易与科技交流，、并 尝当地美食。此次旅程以其深厚的内涵令人印象深刻， 并将增进您对全球联 系的理解。切勿错过一请尽早前往文化活动办公室登记。 Join us for the Silk Road tour from October 15th to 20th!This is a unique opportunity to explore the ancient 1)route that 2)linked China and the West.We'll visit key sites where you can experience the lively culture and history.You'll see ancient arts,learn about trade-and-technology 3)exchanges,and enjoy local cuisine.This tour will 4)impress you with its rich meaning and 5)contribute toyour understanding of global connections.Don't miss out-register (at the cultural activities office 6)as carlya possible. Students'Union ⑤ Excellent:≥5☐ © Good:4☐ ⊙ Need to review:s3☐ WH.. 参考答案 086 Words and Expressions pain v.绘画painter n.画家 technological adi.科技的 painting/'pent/n.画作 technology/tek'na:lad3in.科技 actually adv.实际上 living adj,.活着的lively/arvi/ad.生机勃勃的；活泼的 actual/'ektfual7ad.真卖的；实际的 reporter/r'po:rtar/n.记者 route/ru:/tn.路线 exhibition/,eksr'bIfn//n.展览 peak /pi:k/n.顶峰 artist/a:rtrst/n.艺术家artn.艺术 link四k/u.连接1inmk..with.将..和..相连接 impression n.印象leave an impression on sb.给某人留下印象 impressive impress/im'pres/u.使留下o象 Western /westar/adj.西方国家的West n.西方 adj.令人印象深刻的 curiosity n.好奇心be curiousabout Westerner n.西方人 curious7 juriasl ad.好奇的对.，好奇 exchange/.iks'temd3yn.交流；交换v.交换 attract v.吸引 attraction n.吸引力 attractive /a't女raktrv/adj.有魅力的 exchange.for用..换. indeed /in'did/adu.确实 attract to吸be attracted to被..吸引 freshness n.新鲜. fresh/fres/adj..新鲜的 v珍惜 the Silk Road丝绸之路 treasure/'re3arln.财宝；珍品 as early as早在…的时候 as....as possible/sb.can 尽可能 century/'sentfari/n.世纪 search for寻找 BC/,bi:'si:/abbr.公元前 contribute to有助于 AD公元 to为介词，后面接名词、代词、动名词