专题02 选择性必修第一册Unit3-Unit4单元词汇短语句型语法梳理（期中知识清单）高二英语上学期人教版

专题01 选择性必修一Unit 3~Unit 4 单元词汇短语句型梳理 重 点 单 词 名词：cloth,valley,fountain,route,steam,appetite,entertainment,column,gesture,cheek,anger incident,twin,tendency,ceiling,chest,conflict 动词：ban,accompany,adopt,sneeze,appeal,wander,amuse,display, approve,imply, witness, favour, bend,clarify,lower,occupy,stare,distract,distinguish,bother,adjust 形容词：vast,rewarding,incredible,adorable,enormous,rare,superb,polar,splendid, appropriate,embarrassed 副词： incredibly,rarely, appropriate,merely，ultimately 重 点 短 语 1.on the move在行进中；在移动中 2.set out出发；启程；开始工作 3.live off依靠……生活；以吃……为生 4.appeal to有吸引力；呼吁；上诉；打动 5.up to达到；直到；不多于；能胜任 6.upside down颠倒；倒转；翻转 7.by contrast相比之下 8.by comparison（与……）相比较 9.make inferences推理；推断 10.break down消除；分解；打破 11.straighten up直起来；收拾整齐 12.in other words换句话说；也就是说 13.call on（短暂地）访问；要求 14.at work有某种影响；在工作 必 备 句 型 1.even though引导让步状语从句　 Even though the sun is brightly shining, telling whether it is morning or night is impossible. 尽管太阳明亮地照耀着，也无法分辨出是早晨还是夜晚。 2.现在分词作结果状语　 Around 9，000 years ago, this ice melted, leaving behind about 100 glaciers.大约在9 000年前，这些冰融化了，留下了大约100座冰川。 3.It is hoped that...人们都希望…… It is hoped that Sarek National Park will always remain as it is, natural and beautiful. 人们希望萨勒克国家公园永远保持原样，自然而美丽。 4.“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级含义 And if we are feeling down or lonely, there is nothing better than seeing the smiling face of a good friend. 如果我们感到沮丧或孤独，没有什么比看到好朋友的笑脸更好的了。 5.with复合结构　 With their chins on their hands, they occupy themselves by staring out of the window or up at the ceiling.他们用手托着下巴，非常专注地盯着窗外或上面的天花板。 6.while引导让步状语从句 While it is easy to perceive when students are interested, bored, or distracted, it is sometimes much harder to distinguish when students are troubled. 　 尽管学生们（对讲课）何时感兴趣、何时感到无聊或何时精力不集中是容易察觉的，但要发现学生何时有困扰有时会难得多。 单元语法 1.动名词做主语; 2.动名词作宾语和表语。 单元写作 1.介绍一个公园； 2.描写肢体语言。 知识点01 重点词类 1.ban vt.___________________ 2.accompany vt. ___________________ 3.adopt vt. ___________________ 4.prohibit vt.___________________ 5.stretch vi.vt.___________________ 6.appeal vi. ___________________ 7.vast adj. 8.visible adj. 9.rewarding adj. 10.incredible adj. 11.adorable adj. 12.enormous adj. 13.rare adj. 14.splendid adj. 15.approve vi.vt. 16.witness vt. 17.employ vt. 18.bend (bent‑bent) vi.vt. 19.lower vt. ；adj. 20.occupy vt. 21.distinguish vt. 22.adjust vi.vt. 23.appropriate adj. 24.embarrassed adj. 知识点02 高频短语 1. ____________出发；启程；（怀着目标）开始工作 2. ____________依靠……生活；以吃……为生 3.____________有吸引力；有感染力；呼吁；上诉；打动 4.____________推理；推断 5.____________消除；分解；打破 6.____________直起来；整理；收拾整齐 7.____________换句话说；也就是说 8.____________(短暂地）访问；要求（某人讲话等）；正式邀请 9.____________陪伴某人 10.____________由……伴奏/伴随 11.____________采纳某人的建议 12.____________在……到……之间变化 13.____________同意（某人）做某事 14.____________同意；支持；赞成 15.____________忙于做某事 16.____________把……与……区分开来 17.____________调整……以适应…… 18.____________为……而感到羞耻 知识点03 重点句型 1.even though引导让步状语从句　 ____________________________, telling whether it is morning or night is impossible. 尽管太阳明亮地照耀着，也无法分辨出是早晨还是夜晚。 2.现在分词作结果状语　 Around 9，000 years ago, this ice melted, ________________ about 100 glaciers.大约在9 000年前，这些冰融化了，留下了大约100座冰川。 3.It is hoped that...人们都希望…… ___________________Sarek National Park will always remain as it is, natural and beautiful. 人们希望萨勒克国家公园永远保持原样，自然而美丽。 4.“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级含义 And if we are feeling down or lonely, ________________ seeing the smiling face of a good friend. 如果我们感到沮丧或孤独，没有什么比看到好朋友的笑脸更好的了。 5.with复合结构　 ____________________, they occupy themselves by staring out of the window or up at the ceiling.他们用手托着下巴，非常专注地盯着窗外或上面的天花板。 6.while引导让步状语从句 ____________________ perceive when students are interested, bored, or distracted, it is sometimes much harder to distinguish when students are troubled. 　 尽管学生们（对讲课）何时感兴趣、何时感到无聊或何时精力不集中是容易察觉的，但要发现学生何时有困扰有时会难得多。 知识点04 重点语法 一、动名词作主语 1. 概念：动名词doing放在句子开头，充当句子的主语，表示一件事情、一项活动。 2.动名词doing 表示泛指、习惯性的一件事，在句中作主语，谓语动词用单数。 例句：Reading books makes us wise.读书使人明智。 Helping others means helping ourselves.帮助别人就是帮助我们自己。 3.牢记动名词四大句型： ✨句型 1：Doing +谓语（单数） + …（doing 直接放句首作主语） Wandering in the valley brings us peace.在山谷漫步带给我们宁静。 ✨句型 2：It is no use doing sth 做…… 是没用的 It is no use complaining. 抱怨没有用。 ✨句型 3：It is no good doing sth 做…… 没有好处 It is no good arguing with him. 和他争辩没有好处。 ✨句型 4：It is useless doing sth 做…… 是无用的 It is useless crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收。 ✍即时训练 I.单句语法填空。 1.__________ (distinguish) right from wrong is important in daily-life communication. 2.It is no use__________ (prohibit) the behaviour without proper education. 3.__________(adjust) to a new culture takes plenty of time. 4.It is no good_____________(stare) at others in public. 二、补全句子。 1.___________________（学习非语言手势） helps avoid cultural misunderstanding. 2.It is useless________________________ （为已经发生的事担忧）。 3.______________________（在山间骑行） is a rewarding experience. 4.It is no use_________________________ （仅仅抱怨而不采取行动）。 二、动名词作宾语 1.概念：动名词 doing 放在动词 / 介词后面作宾语。 2.核心分类：①只接doing作宾语的动词；②动词短语（to 为介词，接doing）；③介词后面一律接doing。 3.只能接动名词doing作宾语的高频动词： 动词 中文 例句 avoid 避免 avoid doing sth 避免做某事 miss 错过；怀念 miss doing sth finish 完成 finish doing sth practise / practice 练习 practise doing sth mind 介意 mind doing sth enjoy 喜欢，享受 enjoy doing sth suggest 建议 suggest doing sth risk 冒险 risk doing sth consider 考虑 consider doing sth escape 逃脱 escape doing sth 巧记口诀： 避免错过 完成练习， 介意享受 建议冒险 考虑逃脱 4. “to是介词”，后面必须接doing的动词短语。 look forward to doing 期待做…… be committed to doing 致力于…… be opposed to doing 反对…… object to doing 反对…… devote oneself to doing 投身于…… adapt/adjust to doing 适应…… 5. 所有介词后面，如果接动词，一律变为doing 介词：about /of/in /on/at /from/without… 例：He is good at communicating with others. ✍即时训练 Ⅰ。单句语法填空。 1.He enjoys_____________(cycle) along the valley on weekends. 2.I suggest____________(observe) local gestures before travelling abroad. 3.She is looking forward to___________(visit) the polar-themed aquarium. 4.You should avoid______________(misinterpret) other people’s body language. Ⅱ。补全句子。 1.Many people enjoy_______________________ （在山间闲逛）。 2.I suggest _______________________（多关注非语言信号）。 3.He is committed to_______________________ （研究肢体语言）。 4.You should avoid_______________________ （在公共场合盯着别人看）。 三、动名词作表语 1.精讲：放在 be 动词后，说明主语的内容（一件事情），名词性； 2.动名词作表语和现在分词作表语辨析： （1）动名词：主语和表语能互换=动名词 His hobby is travelling. = Travelling is his hobby. （2）主语和表语不能互换是现在分词，表示令人……的 exciting adj. 令人激动的（事物）；excited adj. 感到激动的（人） surprising令人惊讶的 （事）；surprised感到惊讶的 （人） amazing令人惊奇的；amazed感到惊奇的 interesting令人有趣的；interested感到感兴趣的 boring令人乏味的；bored感到乏味的 tiring令人疲惫的（事物使人累；tired感到疲惫的（人感觉累） frightening令人害怕的；frightened感到害怕的 disappointing令人失望的；disappointed感到失望的 embarrassing令人尴尬的（事）；embarrassed感到尴尬的（人） 例句：The experiment result is disappointing. 实验结果令人失望。 She is disappointed with her performance. 她对自己的表现感到失望。 ✍即时训练 Ⅰ。单句语法填空 1.My favourite pastime is _____________ (wander) around the theme park. 2.Her main task is _____________ (accompany) foreign guests. 3.What he loves is _____________ (explore) the vast valley. 4.The most rewarding part is _____________ (observe) different gestures. Ⅱ.补全句子。 1.My dream is _______________________（研究跨文化交际）。 2.His job is _________________________________（接待来自各地的游客）。 3.What she enjoys most is ___________________________（欣赏壮丽的风景）。 4.The goal of this activity is ____________________________（提升文化意识）。 【考点01】词类转换（派生词）—最高频 1. ___________n．视力；视觉→___________adj.看得见的；可见的→（反义词）___________ adj.看不见的 2.___________ vt.祝福→___________ adj.神圣的；受祝福的→___________ n．幸事；祝福 3.___________ vt.（尤指以法令）禁止；阻止→___________ n．禁止；阻止；禁令 4.___________ n．日志；杂志→___________ n．新闻记者；新闻工作者 5.___________ n．自行车；摩托车；循环 vi.骑自行车→___________ n．骑自行车的人 6.___________ n．时尚；时兴；流行款式→___________ adj.时尚的，流行的，时髦的 7.___________ vi.交流；相互影响→___________ n．交流；相互影响 8.___________ vi.（根据情况）变化；改变→___________ adj.不同的；各种各样的→___________ n．多样性；变化；种类 9.___________ vi.相异；不同于→___________ adj.不同的；有差异的→___________ n．差别；差异 10. vi.依赖；信赖→ adj.可靠的；可信赖的 11. adj.轻微的；略微的；细小的→ adv.略微；稍微 12. vt.评估；评价→ n．评价；评定 13. vt.教育→ adj.受过教育的；有教养的→ n．教师；教育工作者；教育家→ n．教育 14. adj.赤裸的；光秃秃的；空的→ adv.几乎不；勉强才能；刚刚 15. n．焦虑；担心；害怕→ adj.忧虑的；焦虑的；渴望的→ adv.焦虑地 16. n．羞耻；羞愧；让人遗憾的事→ adj.羞愧；惭愧→ adj.可耻的→（反义词） adj.无耻的；没廉耻的 17._________vi.（对…）起反应；回应；（对食物等）有不良反应→ n．反应；副作用 18. vt. 使愉快；逗乐；消遣 adj.感到开心的； adj.令人好笑的；有趣的； n. 娱乐，愉悦 ✍即时训练 一、单句语法填空。 用括号内单词的正确形式填空 1. Some stars are ________ (visible) to the naked eye, while others are too far away to be seen. 2. We are ________ (bless) with the splendid natural scenery in this vast valley. 3. The local government put forward a ________ (prohibit) on smoking in public areas. 4. As a ________ (journalist), he has interviewed lots of people from different cultures. 5. There are ________ (vary) ways to interpret non-verbal gestures in cross-cultural communication. 6. You can depend on him, for he is ________ (rely) and always keeps his promise. 7. I was ________ (anxiety) about his safety when he cycled through the remote mountains alone. 8. He felt ________ (shame) for his rude behaviour towards the foreign guest. 9. Most people’s ________ (react) to this amusing performance is positive. 10. To our great ________ (amuse), the tourist mistook the teapot for a water bottle. 二、语法填空（考点全覆盖：派生词变形） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 When travelling abroad, we will meet ___1_______ (vary) cultures, so it is vital for us to learn about body language. Some gestures are __2_______ (vision), while othersss aree hard to notice. A slight change may cause different ___3_______ (react) from local people. As a ___4_______ (journal), once I interviewed an ___5_______(educate) in a European country. He told me that many tourists feel ___6_______ (anxiety) when facing cultural differences. Some even feel ___7_______ (shame) because they misunderstand local gestures. We are ___8_______ (bless) to live in a world full of colourful cultures. Nobody is ___9_______ (bare) able to avoid making mistakes in cross‑cultural communication. To our great ___10_______ (amuse), some funny mistakes often happen among visitors. If we are ___11_______ (rely) and respect local customs, we will enjoy a more rewarding trip. Besides, there is a ___12_______ (prohibit) against improper behaviour in many scenic spots, which we should keep in mind. 【考点02】to do与doing作宾语 考点区分： ①只接doing作宾语动词：enjoy, suggest, avoid, practise, mind, finish, consider, risk, miss, escape ②只接to do作宾语动词：want, hope, decide, plan, refuse, promise, afford, choose, expect, learn ③to是介词，后接doing：look forward to, be committed to, adjust to, object to ④既可接to do也可接 doing（意义不同）：remember/forget/regret/stop ✍学以致用 Ⅰ。单句语法填空。 用括号内动词正确形式填空。 1. I suggest ________ (observe) local body language before travelling abroad. 2. He decided ________ (cycle) along the valley during the holiday. 3. She is looking forward to ________ (visit) the theme park next month. 4. You should avoid ________ (misinterpret) others’ gestures in communication. 5. They plan ________ (adopt) a new way to study cross-cultural communication. 6. He considered ________ (change) his travel route because of bad weather. 7. The boy refused ________ (apologize) for his rude behaviour. 8. We enjoy ________ (wander) around the mountains when we are free. 9. He is committed to ________ (research) non-verbal communication. 10. Please remember ________ (distinguish) right from wrong in social interaction. Ⅱ.补全句子。 1. Many tourists enjoy ________________________ （欣赏壮丽的山间景色）。 2. He decided ________________________ （调整自己以适应） the new cultural environment. 3. I suggest ________________________ （多关注肢体语言） in cross‑cultural communication. 4. She looks forward to ________________________ （采访） that famous educator. 5. You should avoid ________________________ （在公共场合盯着别人看）。 6. They plan ________________________ （着手研究） different kinds of gestures. 7. He considered ________________________ （改变） his travelling route to the glacier. 8. We promise ________________________ （尊重） local customs when we travel. 9. The young journalist is committed to ________________________ （报道） cultural differences. 10. Please remember ________________________ （做合理推断） when you meet confusing gestures. 【考点03】：‑ing /‑ed分词作表语 考点区分：‑ing（令人……，修饰事物；作表语描述事物性质） ‑ed（感到……，主语多为人，描述人的内心感受） 重点词汇：excite, surprise, amuse, embarrass, tire, disappoint, amaze, bore, frighten, move ✍学以致用 Ⅰ.用括号内单词正确形式填空。 1. The long journey to the polar area is really ________ (tire). 2. He felt ________ (embarrass) when he misunderstood the local gesture. 3. The amusement park performance is quite ________ (amuse). 4. We were ________ (amaze) at the splendid view of the vast valley. 5. The result of the experiment was ________ (disappoint). 6. She felt ________ (surprise) at the cultural differences in gestures. 7. The story told by the journalist is very ________ (move). 8. The children got ________ (excite) when seeing the roller‑coaster. 9. His speech was so ________ (bore) that many listeners felt sleepy. 10. The little girl was ________ (frighten) by the strange sound in the mountain. Ⅱ.补全句子。 1.这次漫长的骑行令人疲惫，我们都感到很累。 The long cycle ride is ________ and we all feel ________. 2.这个令人好笑的故事让孩子们感到很开心。 The ________ story made the children ________. 3.听到这个令人吃惊的消息，我们感到十分吃惊。 We felt ________ when we heard the ________ news. 4.实验结果令人失望，他感到很失望。 The result of the experiment was ________ and he was ________. 5.这部令人感动的电影使很多观众深受感动。 The ________ film made many audience ________. 6.这个主题公园的过山车很令人兴奋，孩子们感到很兴奋。 The roller-coaster in the theme park is ________, and the kids are ________. 7.他在众人面前犯错，感到很尴尬。 He ________ when he made a mistake in public. 8.这场演讲十分无聊，听众们都觉得乏味。 The speech was ________ and the audience ________. 9.山谷里奇怪的声响令人害怕，那个小男孩感到害怕。 The strange noise in the valley was ________, and the little boy was ________. 10.那令人惊叹的风景让游客们惊叹不已。 The ________ scenery made the tourists ________. 【考点04】现在分词作结果状语 考点回顾：现在分词doing作结果状语，表示自然而然、顺理成章的结果；不定式to do作结果状语多用于 only to do，表示出乎意料、意外的结果。 巧记口诀： 自然结果用doing； 意外结局only to do。 ✍学以致用 1. He hurried to the station, only ________ (find) that the train had left. 2. The river is heavily polluted, ________ (kill) large numbers of fish in it. 3. She got up late, ________ (make) her miss the first bus to the scenic spot. 4. He rushed to the bookstore, only ________ (discover) all the books had been sold out. 5. The temperature rose sharply, ________ (cause) the snow on the glacier to melt rapidly. 6. He searched for his key everywhere, only ________ (realize) he had left it in the cottage. 7. Tourism expands rapidly in the area, ________ (bring) more job opportunities for local residents. 8. He ran to the lecture hall, only ________ (be told) the speech was over. Ⅱ .用现在分词作结果状语完成句子。 1. 他犯了一个文化错误，造成了一些误会。 He made a cultural mistake, ________________________________________. 2. 这个小镇的旅游业蓬勃发展，给当地人带来巨大收益。 Tourism is booming in this small town, ________________________________________. 3. 她每天练习跨文化交际，使得她能够更好地和外国人交流。 She practises cross‑cultural communication every day, ________________________________. 4. 他在山中迷路，迫使他向游客求助。 He got lost in the mountains, ________________________________________. 5. 这个手势被错误解读，导致了一场不必要的冲突。 This gesture was misinterpreted, ________________________________________. 6. 大量游客来到山谷，极大促进了当地服务业的发展。 Large numbers of tourists come to the valley, ________________________________________. 【考点05】with 复合结构（with +宾语+宾补） 考点回顾： （1）with + n./pron. + doing（宾语主动 / 正在进行） （2） with + n./pron. + done（宾语被动 / 已经完成） （3）with + n./pron. + to do（将来要做） （4）with + n./pron. + adj.adv. 介词短语 ✍学以致用 Ⅰ。用括号内词正确形式或填入适当词。 1. He fell asleep with the window ________ (open). 2. With so many tourists ________ (visit) the theme park every day, service should be improved. 3. With his work ________ (finish), he went out to cycle in the valley. 4. With lots of work ________ (do), he can’t go travelling this weekend. 5. The man stood there, with his eyes ________ (stare) at the strange gesture. 6. With the problem ________ (solve), we avoided a serious conflict. 7. She sat silently, with her head ________ her hands. 8. With more new customs ________ (learn), we need to keep an open mind when travelling abroad. Ⅱ.使用with复合结构补全句子。 1. 由于有很多问题要处理，他没有参加分享会。 ________________________________________, he didn’t attend the sharing meeting. 2. 女孩站在那里，双手插在口袋里。 The girl stood there, ________________________________________. 3. 所有任务完成之后，我们可以去游览山谷。 ________________________________________, we can go sightseeing in the valley. 4. 随着许多游客不断到来，当地的娱乐设施需要升级。 ________________________________________, local amusement facilities need upgrading. 5. 他躺在床上，眼睛望着天花板。 He lay in bed, ________________________________________. 6. 因为有大量的文化差异需要理解，我们要学会做合理推断。 ________________________________________, we should learn to make reasonable inferences. 辨析01 by contrast vs by comparison 短语 位置 翻译 例句 by contrast 句首 / 句中 相比之下（强调反差、对立） By contrast, some gestures mean something totally different abroad. by comparison 句首 / 句中 相比之下（侧重对比、比较） By comparison, non-verbal communication plays a bigger role in this situation. 辨析02 approve 一词多义辨析 词义 用法 例句 vi. 赞成，赞同 approve of + 名词 /doing Most people approve of respecting local customs. vt.（官方）批准；通过 approve sth（不加 of） The committee approved the travel-related project. 辨析03 ‑ing /‑ed分词作表语对比 形式 语法功能 含义 例句 ‑ing（现在分词） 形容词性作表语 令人…… 的（描述事物性质） The amusement‑park show is amusing. ‑ed（过去分词） 形容词性作表语 感到…… 的（描述人内心感受） We were amused at his strange behaviour. 辨析 04 with 复合结构宾补形式汇总 结构 逻辑关系 例句 with + 宾语 + doing 宾语主动 / 动作正在进行 With tourists pouring in, the scenic spot becomes crowded. with + 宾语 + done 宾语被动、已经完成 With the task finished, we went out travelling. with + 宾语 + to do 动作有待将来完成 With much cultural knowledge to learn, we should keep reading. with + 宾语 + adj. 介词短语 描述状态 He stood there, with his hands in his pockets. 辨析05 doing /only to do作结果状语 结构 表达含义 例句 主句，doing… 自然而然、顺理成章的结果 He travelled a lot, broadening his horizons. 主句，only to do… 出乎意料、意外的结果 He hurried to the aquarium, only to find it closed. 题型 考查内容 示例 建议题量 / 难度 单词拼写 词汇拼写+派生词变形 根据提示写 amusement，slightly，assessment 等 12题★ 单句语法填空 派生词、非谓语、with 复合结构、介词、分词作表语 With many visitors coming, the park becomes busy. 14题★★ 完成句子 重点句型仿写 随着大量游客涌入，这个山谷变得举世闻名。（with 复合结构 + doing 结果状语） 8题★★ 选词填空（短文） 方框给出Unit3‑4核心词，变形填空 方框：vary, amuse, witness, adjust, distinguish, appeal 8题★★ 单项选择 易混辨析：approve；vary/differ；‑ing/‑ed；with复合结构 10 题★★ 句型转换 同义改写：with 复合结构与状语从句互换；doing结果状语改写 5 题★★★ 短语翻译 汉译英：appeal to；make inferences；break down；adjust to；by contrast 10题★ 词义配对 短语与中文释义连线 8题★ 技巧 一句话要点 派生词变形 先判断空格充当名词/形容词/副词；注意否定前缀in‑、non‑；‑ing/‑ed分词区分事物与人。 approve解题两步走 表“赞同”加of；官方“批准” 直接接宾语，不加of。 ‑ing/‑ed 分词 事物性质用‑ing；人的内心感受用‑ed；表情神态 (look/smile) 看人的感受用‑ed。 介词to陷阱 看见to区分介词还是不定式；adjust to /be committed to 介词后接doing；plan /decide 后接to do。 with复合结构 判断宾语和宾补逻辑：主动doing，被动done，将来待做to do；也可接形容词、介词短语表状态。 结果状语判断 顺其自然结果用doing；意外结局用only to do；注意 only不能省略。 witness高级用法 时间、地点作主语，witness表示 “见证”，谓语注意时态；人作主语表 “目击”。 书面表达旅游&跨文化交际主题 优先套用：vary from…to…by contrast；with复合结构；doing作结果状语；make inferences提升作文档次。 【题型一】单词拼写。 根据汉语或首字母提示写出单词的正确形式。 1.The theme park provides various forms of a______________（娱乐） for visitors. 2.Opinions on body‑language v______________（变化） from culture to culture. 3.It is hard to d______________（区分） real feelings from fake ones. 4.He made an a______________（评估） of local customs before travelling abroad. 5.The scenery of the valley is s______________（壮丽的） beyond description. 6.Many young people are a______________（被吸引） by the polar‑themed exhibition. 7.I am not a______________（有空的） this weekend to go cycling. 8.He felt e______________（尴尬的） after misunderstanding the local gesture. 9.Please a______________（调整） your behaviour to fit into the new environment. 10.The past ten years has w______________（见证） the rapid development of tourism. 11.B______________（仅仅；几乎不） had he arrived when he began to inquire about local traditions. 12.By c______________（对比）， gestures carry different meanings in these two countries. 【题型二】真题改编实战（单句语法填空）。 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。 1.The past decade ______________(witness) the boom of theme parks across our country. 2.To our great ______________(amusement), the tourist mistook the teapot for a bottle. 3.With more tourists ______________(pour) into the valley, local service needs improving. 4.He felt greatly ______________(embarrass) when his gesture caused misunderstanding. 5.Many people don’t approve ______________ tourists’ improper behaviour in scenic spots. 6.It takes time for travellers to adjust to ______________(communicate) with people from different cultures. 7.The temperature fell sharply overnight, ______________(freeze) the surface of the lake. 8.He hurried to the aquarium, only ______________(find) it was closed for repair. 9.______________(vary) cultures have their own rules of non-verbal communication. 10.With all tasks ______________(finish), we set out to wander around the vast valley. 11.The show in the theme park is highly ______________(appeal) to teenagers. 12.He stared at the stranger, ______________(make) the other person feel uncomfortable. 13.We should learn ______________(distinguish) between real and fake emotions. 14.By ______________(compare), non-verbal signals are sometimes more important than words. 【题型三】完成句子。 1.As is known to all, body language （因文化的不同而不同）. 2.With large numbers of tourists （涌入）， tourism in this small town is booming, （给当地人带来巨大财富）。 3.He hurried to the theme park, （结果被告知）that the roller‑coaster was under repair. 4.We should learn to （做出合理推断）from gestures. 5.Many young people （被吸引appeal）by the polar‑themed exhibition. 6. （相比之下）， some gestures carry completely opposite meanings in other cultures. 7.It took him several months to__________________（适应） non‑verbal communication habits abroad. 8. （目睹了多种多样的风景之后）， the tourists felt greatly satisfied.（现在分词作状语witness） 【题型四】短文选词填空。 vary witness amuse adjust distinguish appeal occupy embarrass 阅读短文，用方框内单词适当形式填空，每词可选用一次，有多余词。 Traveling to foreign countries can be rewarding. The past years 1._________the popularity of cross‑cultural tourism. Customs and gestures 2._________from area to area, so we need to 3.________real intentions from fake ones. Some shows in local scenic spots are highly 4.__________to young visitors. To our great 5., funny mistakes may happen. Sometimes you may feel 6. because of cultural misunderstanding. It takes time 7.__________yourself to new surroundings. Don’t let negative feelings 8.________your mind. Keep an open mind and enjoy your trip. 【题型五】单项选择。 1.Most citizens don’t approve______ building new factories near the scenic valley. A. to B. of C. for D. with 2.With lots of cultural differences______, we need to read more books before travelling. A. to understand B. understood C. understanding D. understand 3.The long trip was______ and all of us felt______. A. tiring; tired B. tired; tiring C. tiring; tiring D. tired; tired 4.He rushed to the theme park, only______ that it was closed. A. finding B. found C. to find D. find 5. Opinions on this custom______ person______ person. A. vary; from B. differ; from C. vary; between D. differ; between 6.The past ten years______ the rapid growth of amusement parks. A. witness B. witnessed C. has witnessed D. had witnessed 7.By______, non-verbal communication matters more in Asian countries. A. contrast B. compare C. contrastly D. contrasting 8.We should avoid______ others in public, which will cause embarrassment. A. stare at B. staring at C. to stare at D. stared at 9.The task______, we went out to enjoy the splendid view of the valley. A. finishing B. finished C. to finish D. was finished 10.It is hard for newcomers to adjust to______ with people from different backgrounds. A. communicate B. communicating C. communicated D. communication 【题型六】句型转换。 按要求改写句子，保持句意不变。 1.Because many tourists come to the town, the local entertainment industry develops fast.（改为with复合结构） ___________________________________________________________________________. 2.He got up late, so he missed the bus to the theme park.（改为现在分词作结果状语） ___________________________________________________________________________. 3.To our amusement, he mistook the leopard for a big cat.（用what引导主语从句改写） ___________________________________________________________________________. 4.If you compare it with western culture, you will find this gesture is special.（用by comparison短语改写） ___________________________________________________________________________. 5.He hurried to the aquarium but he found it was closed.（用only to do改写） ___________________________________________________________________________. 【题型七】短语汉译英。 1.对…… 有吸引力____________ 2.做出推断___________________ 3.相比之下___________________ 4.适应（做）某事____________ 5.（机器）出故障____________ 6.挺直身子__________________ 7.换句话说__________________ 8.区分A与B________________ 9.在起作用；在工作____________ 10.号召；拜访_________________ 【题型八】词义配对（短语中文释义连线）。 1.on the move      A. 推理，推断 2.make inferences    B. 颠倒，倒转 3.upside down      C. 在行进中；在迁移 4.set out        D. 适应 5.adjust to        E. 出发；着手 6.appeal to       F. 换句话说 7.in other words     G. 对…… 有吸引力 8.break down      H. 出故障；崩溃 学科网（北京）股份有限公4 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题01 选择性必修一Unit 3~Unit 4 单元词汇短语句型梳理 重 点 单 词 名词：cloth,valley,fountain,route,steam,appetite,entertainment,column,gesture,cheek,anger incident,twin,tendency,ceiling,chest,conflict 动词：ban,accompany,adopt,sneeze,appeal,wander,amuse,display, approve,imply, witness, favour, bend,clarify,lower,occupy,stare,distract,distinguish,bother,adjust 形容词：vast,rewarding,incredible,adorable,enormous,rare,superb,polar,splendid, appropriate,embarrassed 副词： incredibly,rarely, appropriate,merely，ultimately 重 点 短 语 1.on the move在行进中；在移动中 2.set out出发；启程；开始工作 3.live off依靠……生活；以吃……为生 4.appeal to有吸引力；呼吁；上诉；打动 5.up to达到；直到；不多于；能胜任 6.upside down颠倒；倒转；翻转 7.by contrast相比之下 8.by comparison（与……）相比较 9.make inferences推理；推断 10.break down消除；分解；打破 11.straighten up直起来；收拾整齐 12.in other words换句话说；也就是说 13.call on（短暂地）访问；要求 14.at work有某种影响；在工作 必 备 句 型 1.even though引导让步状语从句　 Even though the sun is brightly shining, telling whether it is morning or night is impossible. 尽管太阳明亮地照耀着，也无法分辨出是早晨还是夜晚。 2.现在分词作结果状语　 Around 9，000 years ago, this ice melted, leaving behind about 100 glaciers.大约在9 000年前，这些冰融化了，留下了大约100座冰川。 3.It is hoped that...人们都希望…… It is hoped that Sarek National Park will always remain as it is, natural and beautiful. 人们希望萨勒克国家公园永远保持原样，自然而美丽。 4.“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级含义 And if we are feeling down or lonely, there is nothing better than seeing the smiling face of a good friend. 如果我们感到沮丧或孤独，没有什么比看到好朋友的笑脸更好的了。 5.with复合结构　 With their chins on their hands, they occupy themselves by staring out of the window or up at the ceiling.他们用手托着下巴，非常专注地盯着窗外或上面的天花板。 6.while引导让步状语从句 While it is easy to perceive when students are interested, bored, or distracted, it is sometimes much harder to distinguish when students are troubled. 　 尽管学生们（对讲课）何时感兴趣、何时感到无聊或何时精力不集中是容易察觉的，但要发现学生何时有困扰有时会难得多。 单元语法 1.动名词做主语； 2.动名词作宾语和表语。 单元写作 1.介绍一个公园； 2.描写肢体语言。 知识点01 重点词类 1.ban vt. 禁止；取缔 2.accompany vt. 陪伴；陪同；伴随 3.adopt vt. 采纳，采用；收养 4.prohibit vt.（法律）禁止 5.stretch vi.vt. 伸展；延伸；拉长 6.appeal vi. 有吸引力；呼吁 7.vast adj. 广阔的；巨大的 8.visible adj. 看得见的；可见的 9.rewarding adj. 值得的；有益的 10.incredible adj. 难以置信的；极好的 11.adorable adj. 可爱的，讨人喜爱的 12.enormous adj. 巨大的，庞大的 13.rare adj. 稀有的；珍贵的 14.splendid adj. 壮丽的；辉煌的 15.approve vi.vt. 赞成；批准 16.witness vt. 目击；见证 17.employ vt. 使用，利用；雇用 18.bend (bent‑bent) vi.vt.（使）弯曲 19.lower vt. 降低，减少；adj. 较低的 20.occupy vt. 占据；使忙于 21.distinguish vt. 区分，辨别 22.adjust vi.vt. 调整；适应 23.appropriate adj. 恰当的，合适的 24.embarrassed adj.感到尴尬的 知识点02 高频短语 1.set out出发；启程；（怀着目标）开始工作 2.live off依靠……生活；以吃……为生 3.appeal to有吸引力；有感染力；呼吁；上诉；打动 4.make inferences推理；推断 5.break down消除；分解；打破 6.straighten up直起来；整理；收拾整齐 7.in other words换句话说；也就是说 8.call on（短暂地）访问；要求（某人讲话等）；正式邀请 9.keep sb. company陪伴某人 10.be accompanied by 由……伴奏/伴随 11.adopt one's suggestion/advice　采纳某人的建议 12.vary from ...to ...在……到……之间变化 13.approve of (sb.sb.doing sth. 同意（某人）做某事 14.in favour of 同意；支持；赞成 15.be occupied in doing sth. 忙于做某事 16.distinguish ... from ... 把……与……区分开来 17.adjust ...to ... 调整……以适应…… 18.be/feel ashamed of ...为……而感到羞耻 知识点03 重点句型 1.even though引导让步状语从句　 Even though the sun is brightly shining, telling whether it is morning or night is impossible. 尽管太阳明亮地照耀着，也无法分辨出是早晨还是夜晚。 2.现在分词作结果状语　 Around 9，000 years ago, this ice melted, leaving behind about 100 glaciers.大约在9 000年前，这些冰融化了，留下了大约100座冰川。 3.It is hoped that...人们都希望…… It is hoped that Sarek National Park will always remain as it is, natural and beautiful. 人们希望萨勒克国家公园永远保持原样，自然而美丽。 4.“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级含义 And if we are feeling down or lonely, there is nothing better than seeing the smiling face of a good friend. 如果我们感到沮丧或孤独，没有什么比看到好朋友的笑脸更好的了。 5.with复合结构　 With their chins on their hands, they occupy themselves by staring out of the window or up at the ceiling.他们用手托着下巴，非常专注地盯着窗外或上面的天花板。 6.while引导让步状语从句 While it is easy to perceive when students are interested, bored, or distracted, it is sometimes much harder to distinguish when students are troubled. 　 尽管学生们（对讲课）何时感兴趣、何时感到无聊或何时精力不集中是容易察觉的，但要发现学生何时有困扰有时会难得多。 知识点04 重点语法 一、动名词作主语 1. 概念：动名词doing放在句子开头，充当句子的主语，表示一件事情、一项活动。 2.动名词doing 表示泛指、习惯性的一件事，在句中作主语，谓语动词用单数。 例句：Reading books makes us wise.读书使人明智。 Helping others means helping ourselves.帮助别人就是帮助我们自己。 3.牢记动名词四大句型： ✨句型 1：Doing + 谓语 （单数） + …（doing 直接放句首作主语） Wandering in the valley brings us peace.在山谷漫步带给我们宁静。 ✨句型 2：It is no use doing sth 做…… 是没用的 It is no use complaining. 抱怨没有用。 ✨句型 3：It is no good doing sth 做…… 没有好处 It is no good arguing with him. 和他争辩没有好处。 ✨句型 4：It is useless doing sth 做…… 是无用的 It is useless crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收。 ✍即时训练 I.单句语法填空。 1.__________ (distinguish) right from wrong is important in daily-life communication. 2.It is no use__________ (prohibit) the behaviour without proper education. 3.__________(adjust) to a new culture takes plenty of time. 4.It is no good_____________(stare) at others in public. 答案和解析 1.Distinguishing 解析：动名词置于句首作主语，谓语 is 单数。 2.prohibiting 解析：It is no use doing sth 固定句型。 3.Adjusting 解析：动名词作主语。 4.staring 解析：It is no good doing sth。 二、补全句子。 1.___________________（学习非语言手势） helps avoid cultural misunderstanding. 2.It is useless________________________ （为已经发生的事担忧）。 3.______________________（在山间骑行） is a rewarding experience. 4.It is no use_________________________ （仅仅抱怨而不采取行动）。 参考答案 1. Learning non-verbal gestures 2.worrying about what has happened 3.Cycling in the mountains 4.merely complaining without taking action 二、动名词作宾语 1.概念：动名词 doing 放在动词 / 介词后面作宾语。 2.核心分类：①只接doing作宾语的动词；②动词短语（to 为介词，接doing）；③介词后面一律接doing。 3.只能接动名词doing作宾语的高频动词： 动词 中文 例句 avoid 避免 avoid doing sth 避免做某事 miss 错过；怀念 miss doing sth finish 完成 finish doing sth practise / practice 练习 practise doing sth mind 介意 mind doing sth enjoy 喜欢，享受 enjoy doing sth suggest 建议 suggest doing sth risk 冒险 risk doing sth consider 考虑 consider doing sth escape 逃脱 escape doing sth 巧记口诀： 避免错过 完成练习， 介意享受 建议冒险 考虑逃脱 4. “to是介词”，后面必须接doing的动词短语。 look forward to doing 期待做…… be committed to doing 致力于…… be opposed to doing 反对…… object to doing 反对…… devote oneself to doing 投身于…… adapt/adjust to doing 适应…… 5. 所有介词后面，如果接动词，一律变为doing 介词：about /of/in /on/at /from/without… 例：He is good at communicating with others. ✍即时训练 Ⅰ。单句语法填空。 1.He enjoys_____________(cycle) along the valley on weekends. 2.I suggest____________(observe) local gestures before travelling abroad. 3.She is looking forward to___________(visit) the polar-themed aquarium. 4.You should avoid______________(misinterpret) other people’s body language. 参考答案 1.cycling 2.observing 3.visiting 4.misinterpreting Ⅱ.补全句子。 1.Many people enjoy_______________________ （在山间闲逛）。 2.I suggest _______________________（多关注非语言信号）。 3.He is committed to_______________________ （研究肢体语言）。 4.You should avoid_______________________ （在公共场合盯着别人看）。 参考答案 1.wandering in the mountains 2.paying more attention to non-verbal signals 3.studying body language 4.staring at others in public 三、动名词作表语 1.精讲：放在 be 动词后，说明主语的内容（一件事情），名词性； 2.动名词作表语和现在分词作表语辨析： （1）动名词：主语和表语能互换=动名词 His hobby is travelling. = Travelling is his hobby. （2）主语和表语不能互换是现在分词，表示令人……的 exciting adj. 令人激动的（事物）；excited adj. 感到激动的（人） surprising令人惊讶的 （事）；surprised感到惊讶的 （人） amazing令人惊奇的；amazed感到惊奇的 interesting令人有趣的；interested感到感兴趣的 boring令人乏味的；bored感到乏味的 tiring令人疲惫的（事物使人累；tired感到疲惫的（人感觉累） frightening令人害怕的；frightened感到害怕的 disappointing令人失望的；disappointed感到失望的 embarrassing令人尴尬的（事）；embarrassed感到尴尬的（人） 例句：The experiment result is disappointing. 实验结果令人失望。 She is disappointed with her performance. 她对自己的表现感到失望。 ✍即时训练 Ⅰ。单句语法填空 1.My favourite pastime is _____________ (wander) around the theme park. 2.Her main task is _____________ (accompany) foreign guests. 3.What he loves is _____________ (explore) the vast valley. 4.The most rewarding part is _____________ (observe) different gestures. 参考答案 1.wandering 2. accompanying 3. exploring 4. observing Ⅱ.补全句子。 1.My dream is _______________________（研究跨文化交际）。 2.His job is _________________________________（接待来自各地的游客）。 3.What she enjoys most is ___________________________（欣赏壮丽的风景）。 4.The goal of this activity is ____________________________（提升文化意识）。 参考答案 1.studying cross‑cultural communication 2.receiving tourists from all over the world 3.enjoying the splendid scenery 4.raising cultural awareness 【考点01】词类转换（派生词）—最高频 1.vision n．视力；视觉→visible adj.看得见的；可见的→（反义词）invisible adj.看不见的 2.bless vt.祝福→blessed adj.神圣的；受祝福的→blessing n．幸事；祝福 3.prohibit vt.（尤指以法令）禁止；阻止→prohibition n．禁止；阻止；禁令 4.journal n．日志；杂志→journalist n．新闻记者；新闻工作者 5.cycle n．自行车；摩托车；循环 vi.骑自行车→cyclist n．骑自行车的人 6.fashion n．时尚；时兴；流行款式→fashionable adj.时尚的，流行的，时髦的 7.interact vi.交流；相互影响→interaction n．交流；相互影响 8.vary vi.（根据情况）变化；改变→various adj.不同的；各种各样的→variety n．多样性；变化；种类 9.differ vi.相异；不同于→different adj.不同的；有差异的→difference n．差别；差异 10.rely vi.依赖；信赖→reliable adj.可靠的；可信赖的 11.slight adj.轻微的；略微的；细小的→slightly adv.略微；稍微 12.assess vt.评估；评价→assessment n．评价；评定 13.educate vt.教育→educated adj.受过教育的；有教养的→educator n．教师；教育工作者；教育家→education n．教育 14.bare adj.赤裸的；光秃秃的；空的→barely adv.几乎不；勉强才能；刚刚 15.anxiety n．焦虑；担心；害怕→anxious adj.忧虑的；焦虑的；渴望的→anxiously adv.焦虑地 16.shame n．羞耻；羞愧；让人遗憾的事→ashamed adj.羞愧；惭愧→shameful adj.可耻的→（反义词）shameless adj.无耻的；没廉耻的 17.react vi.（对……）起反应；回应；（对食物等）有不良反应→reaction n．反应；副作用 18.amuse vt. 使愉快；逗乐；消遣amused adj.感到开心的；amusing adj.令人好笑的；有趣的；amusement n. 娱乐，愉悦 ✍即时训练 一、单句语法填空。 用括号内单词的正确形式填空 1. Some stars are ________ (visible) to the naked eye, while others are too far away to be seen. 2. We are ________ (bless) with the splendid natural scenery in this vast valley. 3. The local government put forward a ________ (prohibit) on smoking in public areas. 4. As a ________ (journalist), he has interviewed lots of people from different cultures. 5. There are ________ (vary) ways to interpret non-verbal gestures in cross-cultural communication. 6. You can depend on him, for he is ________ (rely) and always keeps his promise. 7. I was ________ (anxiety) about his safety when he cycled through the remote mountains alone. 8. He felt ________ (shame) for his rude behaviour towards the foreign guest. 9. Most people’s ________ (react) to this amusing performance is positive. 10. To our great ________ (amuse), the tourist mistook the teapot for a water bottle. 参考答案与解析 1. visible 解析：be动词后用形容词作表语，visible “看得见的”。句意：有些星星肉眼可见，另一些太远无法看见。 2. blessed 解析：固定搭配 be blessed with 有幸拥有；享有。 3. prohibition 解析：不定冠词a后面接名词；prohibit 动词→prohibition n. 禁令。 4. journalist 解析：不定冠词后接表示人的名词，journal杂志→journalist记者。 5. various 解析：修饰名词ways用形容词，vary动词→various各种各样的。 6. reliable 解析：系动词is后接形容词作表语，rely→reliable可靠的。 7. anxious 解析：固定搭配be anxious about…为…… 担忧；anxiety名词→anxious形容词。 8. ashamed 解析：feel后接形容词，主语是人，feel ashamed感到羞愧。 9. reaction 解析：名词所有格 people’s后接名词；react动词→reaction n. 反应。 10. amusement 解析：固定搭配to one’s amusement “令某人觉得好笑的是”，to one’s +名词。 二、语法填空（考点全覆盖：派生词变形） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 When travelling abroad, we will meet ___1_______ (vary) cultures, so it is vital for us to learn about body language. Some gestures are __2_______ (vision), while othersss aree hard to notice. A slight change may cause different ___3_______ (react) from local people. As a ___4_______ (journal), once I interviewed an ___5_______(educate) in a European country. He told me that many tourists feel ___6_______ (anxiety) when facing cultural differences. Some even feel ___7_______ (shame) because they misunderstand local gestures. We are ___8_______ (bless) to live in a world full of colourful cultures. Nobody is ___9_______ (bare) able to avoid making mistakes in cross‑cultural communication. To our great ___10_______ (amuse), some funny mistakes often happen among visitors. If we are ___11_______ (rely) and respect local customs, we will enjoy a more rewarding trip. Besides, there is a ___12_______ (prohibit) against improper behaviour in many scenic spots, which we should keep in mind. 参考答案和解析 1. various 解析：修饰名词 cultures 用形容词，vary→various各种各样的。 2. visible 解析：系动词 are 后接形容词作表语，vision→visible看得见的。 3. reactions 解析：different 后接可数名词复数；react→reaction反应。 4. journalist 解析：不定冠词 a 后接表人名词，journal→journalist记者。 5. educator 解析：an 后面接名词；educate→educator教育工作者。 6. anxious 解析：feel 后接形容词；anxiety→anxious焦虑的。 7. ashamed 解析：feel 后接形容词，主语是人，ashamed感到羞愧的。 8. blessed 解析：固定搭配 be blessed with 有幸拥有；be blessed to do有幸做。 9. barely 解析：副词修饰形容词 able；bare→barely几乎不。 10. amusement 解析：to one’s amusement令某人好笑的是，用名词。 11. reliable 解析：系动词 are 后接形容词；rely→reliable可靠的。 12. prohibition 解析：不定冠词 a 后接名词；prohibit→prohibition禁令。 【考点02】to do与doing作宾语 考点区分： ①只接doing作宾语动词：enjoy, suggest, avoid, practise, mind, finish, consider, risk, miss, escape ②只接to do作宾语动词：want, hope, decide, plan, refuse, promise, afford, choose, expect, learn ③to是介词，后接doing：look forward to, be committed to, adjust to, object to ④既可接to do也可接 doing（意义不同）：remember/forget/regret/stop ✍学以致用 Ⅰ.单句语法填空。 用括号内动词正确形式填空。 1. I suggest ________ (observe) local body language before travelling abroad. 2. He decided ________ (cycle) along the valley during the holiday. 3. She is looking forward to ________ (visit) the theme park next month. 4. You should avoid ________ (misinterpret) others’ gestures in communication. 5. They plan ________ (adopt) a new way to study cross-cultural communication. 6. He considered ________ (change) his travel route because of bad weather. 7. The boy refused ________ (apologize) for his rude behaviour. 8. We enjoy ________ (wander) around the mountains when we are free. 9. He is committed to ________ (research) non-verbal communication. 10. Please remember ________ (distinguish) right from wrong in social interaction. 参考答案和解析 1. observing 解析：suggest doing sth建议做某事。 2. to cycle 解析：decide to do sth决定做某事。 3. visiting 解析：look forward to中to是介词，后接doing。 4. misinterpreting 解析：avoid doing sth避免做某事。 5. to adopt 解析：plan to do sth计划做某事。 6. changing 解析：consider doing sth考虑做某事。 7. to apologize 解析：refuse to do sth拒绝做某事。 8. wandering 解析：enjoy doing sth 喜欢做某事。 9. researching 解析：be committed to中to为介词，接doing。 10. to distinguish 解析：remember to do sth 记得要去做（还未做）。 Ⅱ.补全句子。 1. Many tourists enjoy ________________________ （欣赏壮丽的山间景色）。 2. He decided ________________________ （调整自己以适应） the new cultural environment. 3. I suggest ________________________ （多关注肢体语言） in cross‑cultural communication. 4. She looks forward to ________________________ （采访） that famous educator. 5. You should avoid ________________________ （在公共场合盯着别人看）。 6. They plan ________________________ （着手研究） different kinds of gestures. 7. He considered ________________________ （改变） his travelling route to the glacier. 8. We promise ________________________ （尊重） local customs when we travel. 9. The young journalist is committed to ________________________ （报道） cultural differences. 10. Please remember ________________________ （做合理推断） when you meet confusing gestures. 参考答案 1. enjoying the splendid mountain scenery 2. to adjust himself to 3. paying more attention to body language 4. interviewing 5. staring at others in public 6. to set out to study 7. changing 8. to respect 9. reporting 10. to make reasonable inferences 【考点03】：‑ing /‑ed分词作表语 考点区分：‑ing（令人……，修饰事物；作表语描述事物性质） ‑ed（感到……，主语多为人，描述人的内心感受） 重点词汇：excite, surprise, amuse, embarrass, tire, disappoint, amaze, bore, frighten, move ✍学以致用 Ⅰ.用括号内单词正确形式填空。 1. The long journey to the polar area is really ________ (tire). 2. He felt ________ (embarrass) when he misunderstood the local gesture. 3. The amusement park performance is quite ________ (amuse). 4. We were ________ (amaze) at the splendid view of the vast valley. 5. The result of the experiment was ________ (disappoint). 6. She felt ________ (surprise) at the cultural differences in gestures. 7. The story told by the journalist is very ________ (move). 8. The children got ________ (excite) when seeing the roller‑coaster. 9. His speech was so ________ (bore) that many listeners felt sleepy. 10. The little girl was ________ (frighten) by the strange sound in the mountain. 参考答案和解析 1. tiring 解析：主语 journey 事物，‑ing “令人疲惫的”。 2. embarrassed 解析：主语 he 人，‑ed “感到尴尬的”。 3. amusing 解析：主语 performance 事物，‑ing “令人好笑的”。 4. amazed 解析：主语 we 人，‑ed “感到惊叹的”。 5. disappointing 解析：主语 result 事物，‑ing “令人失望的”。 6. surprised 解析：主语 she 人，‑ed “感到惊讶的”。 7. moving 解析：主语 story 事物，‑ing “令人感动的”。 8. excited 解析：主语 children 人，‑ed “感到兴奋的”。 9. boring 解析：主语 speech 事物，‑ing “令人无聊的”。 10. frightened 解析：主语 girl 人，‑ed “感到害怕的”。 Ⅱ.补全句子。 1.这次漫长的骑行令人疲惫，我们都感到很累。 The long cycle ride is ________ and we all feel ________. 2.这个令人好笑的故事让孩子们感到很开心。 The ________ story made the children ________. 3.听到这个令人吃惊的消息，我们感到十分吃惊。 We felt ________ when we heard the ________ news. 4.实验结果令人失望，他感到很失望。 The result of the experiment was ________ and he was ________. 5.这部令人感动的电影使很多观众深受感动。 The ________ film made many audience ________. 6.这个主题公园的过山车很令人兴奋，孩子们感到很兴奋。 The roller-coaster in the theme park is ________, and the kids are ________. 7.他在众人面前犯错，感到很尴尬。 He ________ when he made a mistake in public. 8.这场演讲十分无聊，听众们都觉得乏味。 The speech was ________ and the audience ________. 9.山谷里奇怪的声响令人害怕，那个小男孩感到害怕。 The strange noise in the valley was ________, and the little boy was ________. 10.那令人惊叹的风景让游客们惊叹不已。 The ________ scenery made the tourists ________. 参考答案 1. tiring; tired 2. amusing; amused 3. surprised; surprising 4. disappointing; disappointed 5. moving; moved 6. exciting; excited 7. felt embarrassed 8. boring; felt bored 9. frightening; frightened 10. amazing; amazed 【考点04】现在分词作结果状语 考点回顾：现在分词doing作结果状语，表示自然而然、顺理成章的结果；不定式to do作结果状语多用于 only to do，表示出乎意料、意外的结果。 巧记口诀： 自然结果用doing； 意外结局only to do。 ✍学以致用 1. He hurried to the station, only ________ (find) that the train had left. 2. The river is heavily polluted, ________ (kill) large numbers of fish in it. 3. She got up late, ________ (make) her miss the first bus to the scenic spot. 4. He rushed to the bookstore, only ________ (discover) all the books had been sold out. 5. The temperature rose sharply, ________ (cause) the snow on the glacier to melt rapidly. 6. He searched for his key everywhere, only ________ (realize) he had left it in the cottage. 7. Tourism expands rapidly in the area, ________ (bring) more job opportunities for local residents. 8. He ran to the lecture hall, only ________ (be told) the speech was over. 参考答案和解析 1.to find 解析：only to do 表示出乎意料的结果。句意：他匆忙赶到车站，却发现火车已经开走了。 2. killing解析：doing 作结果状语，表示污染带来自然而然的结果。句意：这条河被严重污染，造成河里大量鱼类死亡。 3. making解析：doing 表顺理成章的结果，起晚了导致错过班车。 4. to discover解析：only to do 引出意外结果。句意：他冲到书店，却发现书已经卖完。 5. causing 解析：气温升高，冰川积雪融化，自然而然的结果，用 doing。 6. to realize解析：only to do 表示意想不到的结果。句意：他到处找钥匙，却意识到把钥匙落在小屋了。 7. bringing解析：旅游业发展带来就业，自然而然的结果，doing 作结果状语。 8. to be told解析：only to do 意外结果；he 和 tell 是被动关系，不定式的被动 `to be done｀句意：他跑到报告厅，却被告知演讲已经结束。 Ⅱ .用现在分词作结果状语完成句子。 1. 他犯了一个文化错误，造成了一些误会。 He made a cultural mistake, ________________________________________. 2. 这个小镇的旅游业蓬勃发展，给当地人带来巨大收益。 Tourism is booming in this small town, ________________________________________. 3. 她每天练习跨文化交际，使得她能够更好地和外国人交流。 She practises cross‑cultural communication every day, ________________________________. 4. 他在山中迷路，迫使他向游客求助。 He got lost in the mountains, ________________________________________. 5. 这个手势被错误解读，导致了一场不必要的冲突。 This gesture was misinterpreted, ________________________________________. 6. 大量游客来到山谷，极大促进了当地服务业的发展。 Large numbers of tourists come to the valley, ________________________________________. 参考答案和解析 1. causing some misunderstandings 2. bringing great profits to local people 3. enabling her to communicate better with foreigners 4. forcing him to turn to tourists for help 5. leading to an unnecessary conflict 6. greatly promoting the development of local service industry 【考点05】with 复合结构（with +宾语+宾补） 考点回顾： （1）with + n./pron. + doing（宾语主动 / 正在进行） （2） with + n./pron. + done（宾语被动 / 已经完成） （3）with + n./pron. + to do（将来要做） （4）with + n./pron. + adj.adv. 介词短语 ✍学以致用 Ⅰ.用括号内词正确形式或填入适当词。 1. He fell asleep with the window ________ (open). 2. With so many tourists ________ (visit) the theme park every day, service should be improved. 3. With his work ________ (finish), he went out to cycle in the valley. 4. With lots of work ________ (do), he can’t go travelling this weekend. 5. The man stood there, with his eyes ________ (stare) at the strange gesture. 6. With the problem ________ (solve), we avoided a serious conflict. 7. She sat silently, with her head ________ her hands. 8. With more new customs ________ (learn), we need to keep an open mind when travelling abroad.参考答案和解析 1. open 解析：形容词作with复合结构宾补，表状态。 2. visiting 解析：tourists和visit主动关系，用doing。 3. finished 解析：work和finish被动关系，用done。 4. to do 解析：有待要做，表将来，用to do。 5. staring 解析：eyes与stare主动关系，doing作宾补。 6. solved 解析：problem与solve被动，done。 7. in 解析：with her head in her hands双手抱头，介词短语作宾补。 8. to learn 解析：有待去了解，表将来，to do。 Ⅱ.使用with复合结构补全句子。 1. 由于有很多问题要处理，他没有参加分享会。 ________________________________________, he didn’t attend the sharing meeting. 2. 女孩站在那里，双手插在口袋里。 The girl stood there, ________________________________________. 3. 所有任务完成之后，我们可以去游览山谷。 ________________________________________, we can go sightseeing in the valley. 4. 随着许多游客不断到来，当地的娱乐设施需要升级。 ________________________________________, local amusement facilities need upgrading. 5. 他躺在床上，眼睛望着天花板。 He lay in bed, ________________________________________. 6. 因为有大量的文化差异需要理解，我们要学会做合理推断。 ________________________________________, we should learn to make reasonable inferences. 参考答案 1. With many problems to deal with 2. with her hands in her pockets 3. With all the tasks finished 4. With many tourists coming continuously 5. with her eyes staring at the ceiling 6. With plenty of cultural differences to understand 辨析01 by contrast vs by comparison 短语 位置 翻译 例句 by contrast 句首 / 句中 相比之下（强调反差、对立） By contrast, some gestures mean something totally different abroad. by comparison 句首 / 句中 相比之下（侧重对比、比较） By comparison, non-verbal communication plays a bigger role in this situation. 辨析02 approve 一词多义辨析 词义 用法 例句 vi. 赞成，赞同 approve of + 名词 /doing Most people approve of respecting local customs. vt.（官方）批准；通过 approve sth（不加 of） The committee approved the travel-related project. 辨析03 ‑ing /‑ed分词作表语对比 形式 语法功能 含义 例句 ‑ing（现在分词） 形容词性作表语 令人…… 的（描述事物性质） The amusement‑park show is amusing. ‑ed（过去分词） 形容词性作表语 感到…… 的（描述人内心感受） We were amused at his strange behaviour. 辨析 04 with 复合结构宾补形式汇总 结构 逻辑关系 例句 with + 宾语 + doing 宾语主动 / 动作正在进行 With tourists pouring in, the scenic spot becomes crowded. with + 宾语 + done 宾语被动、已经完成 With the task finished, we went out travelling. with + 宾语 + to do 动作有待将来完成 With much cultural knowledge to learn, we should keep reading. with + 宾语 + adj. 介词短语 描述状态 He stood there, with his hands in his pockets. 辨析05 doing /only to do作结果状语 结构 表达含义 例句 主句，doing… 自然而然、顺理成章的结果 He travelled a lot, broadening his horizons. 主句，only to do… 出乎意料、意外的结果 He hurried to the aquarium, only to find it closed. 题型 考查内容 示例 建议题量 / 难度 单词拼写 词汇拼写+派生词变形 根据提示写 amusement，slightly，assessment 等 12题 ★ 单句语法填空 派生词、非谓语、with 复合结构、介词、分词作表语 With many visitors coming, the park becomes busy. 14题★★ 完成句子 重点句型仿写 随着大量游客涌入，这个山谷变得举世闻名。（with 复合结构 + doing 结果状语） 8题★★ 选词填空（短文） 方框给出Unit3‑4核心词，变形填空 方框：vary, amuse, witness, adjust, distinguish, appeal 8题★★ 单项选择 易混辨析：approve；vary/differ；‑ing/‑ed；with复合结构 10 题★★ 句型转换 同义改写：with 复合结构与状语从句互换；doing结果状语改写 5 题★★★ 短语翻译 汉译英：appeal to；make inferences；break down；adjust to；by contrast 10题★ 词义配对 短语与中文释义连线 8题★ 技巧 一句话要点 派生词变形 先判断空格充当名词/形容词/副词；注意否定前缀in‑、non‑；‑ing/‑ed分词区分事物与人。 approve解题两步走 表“赞同”加of；官方“批准” 直接接宾语，不加of。 ‑ing/‑ed 分词 事物性质用‑ing；人的内心感受用‑ed；表情神态 (look/smile) 看人的感受用‑ed。 介词to陷阱 看见to区分介词还是不定式；adjust to /be committed to 介词后接doing；plan /decide 后接to do。 with复合结构 判断宾语和宾补逻辑：主动doing，被动done，将来待做to do；也可接形容词、介词短语表状态。 结果状语判断 顺其自然结果用doing；意外结局用only to do；注意 only不能省略。 witness高级用法 时间、地点作主语，witness表示 “见证”，谓语注意时态；人作主语表 “目击”。 书面表达旅游&跨文化交际主题 优先套用：vary from…to…by contrast；with复合结构；doing作结果状语；make inferences提升作文档次。 【题型一】单词拼写。 根据汉语或首字母提示写出单词的正确形式。 1.The theme park provides various forms of a______________（娱乐） for visitors. 2.Opinions on body‑language v______________（变化） from culture to culture. 3.It is hard to d______________（区分） real feelings from fake ones. 4.He made an a______________（评估） of local customs before travelling abroad. 5.The scenery of the valley is s______________（壮丽的） beyond description. 6.Many young people are a______________（被吸引） by the polar‑themed exhibition. 7.I am not a______________（有空的） this weekend to go cycling. 8.He felt e______________（尴尬的） after misunderstanding the local gesture. 9.Please a______________（调整） your behaviour to fit into the new environment. 10.The past ten years has w______________（见证） the rapid development of tourism. 11.B______________（仅仅；几乎不） had he arrived when he began to inquire about local traditions. 12.By c______________（对比）， gestures carry different meanings in these two countries. 参考答案 1.amusement 2. vary 3. distinguish 4. assessment 5. splendid 2.appealed 7. available 8. embarrassed 9. adjust 10. witnessed 11.Barely 12. contrast 【题型二】真题改编实战（单句语法填空）。 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。 1.The past decade ______________(witness) the boom of theme parks across our country. 2.To our great ______________(amusement), the tourist mistook the teapot for a bottle. 3.With more tourists ______________(pour) into the valley, local service needs improving. 4.He felt greatly ______________(embarrass) when his gesture caused misunderstanding. 5.Many people don’t approve ______________ tourists’ improper behaviour in scenic spots. 6.It takes time for travellers to adjust to ______________(communicate) with people from different cultures. 7.The temperature fell sharply overnight, ______________(freeze) the surface of the lake. 8.He hurried to the aquarium, only ______________(find) it was closed for repair. 9.______________(vary) cultures have their own rules of non-verbal communication. 10.With all tasks ______________(finish), we set out to wander around the vast valley. 11.The show in the theme park is highly ______________(appeal) to teenagers. 12.He stared at the stranger, ______________(make) the other person feel uncomfortable. 13.We should learn ______________(distinguish) between real and fake emotions. 14.By ______________(compare), non-verbal signals are sometimes more important than words. 参考答案 1.has witnessed 2. amusement 3. pouring 4. embarrassed 5. of 2.communicating 7. freezing 8. to find 9. Various 10. finished 3.appealing 12. making 13. to distinguish 14. comparison 【题型三】完成句子。 1.As is known to all, body language varies from culture to culture（因文化的不同而不同）. 2.With large numbers of tourists pouring in（涌入）， tourism in this small town is booming, bringing great wealth to local people（给当地人带来巨大财富）. 3.He hurried to the theme park, only to be told （结果被告知）that the roller‑coaster was under repair. 4.We should learn to make reasonable inferences（做出合理推断）from gestures. 5.Many young people are appealed to （被吸引appeal）by the polar‑themed exhibition. 6.By contrast（相比之下）， some gestures carry completely opposite meanings in other cultures. 7.It took him several months to adjust to（适应） non‑verbal communication habits abroad. 8.Having witnessed a variety of scenery（目睹了多种多样的风景之后）， the tourists felt greatly satisfied.（现在分词作状语witness） 【题型四】短文选词填空。 vary witness amuse adjust distinguish appeal occupy embarrass 阅读短文，用方框内单词适当形式填空，每词可选用一次，有多余词。 Traveling to foreign countries can be rewarding. The past years 1._________the popularity of cross‑cultural tourism. Customs and gestures 2._________from area to area, so we need to 3.________real intentions from fake ones. Some shows in local scenic spots are highly 4.__________to young visitors. To our great 5., funny mistakes may happen. Sometimes you may feel 6. because of cultural misunderstanding. It takes time 7.__________yourself to new surroundings. Don’t let negative feelings 8.________your mind. Keep an open mind and enjoy your trip. 参考答案 1.have witnessed 2. vary 3. distinguish 4. appealing 5.amusement 6. embarrassed 7. to adjust 8. occupy 【题型五】单项选择。 1.Most citizens don’t approve______ building new factories near the scenic valley. A. to B. of C. for D. with 2.With lots of cultural differences______, we need to read more books before travelling. A. to understand B. understood C. understanding D. understand 3.The long trip was______ and all of us felt______. A. tiring; tired B. tired; tiring C. tiring; tiring D. tired; tired 4.He rushed to the theme park, only______ that it was closed. A. finding B. found C. to find D. find 5. Opinions on this custom______ person______ person. A. vary; from B. differ; from C. vary; between D. differ; between 6.The past ten years______ the rapid growth of amusement parks. A. witness B. witnessed C. has witnessed D. had witnessed 7.By______, non-verbal communication matters more in Asian countries. A. contrast B. compare C. contrastly D. contrasting 8.We should avoid______ others in public, which will cause embarrassment. A. stare at B. staring at C. to stare at D. stared at 9.The task______, we went out to enjoy the splendid view of the valley. A. finishing B. finished C. to finish D. was finished 10.It is hard for newcomers to adjust to______ with people from different backgrounds. A. communicate B. communicating C. communicated D. communication 参考答案：1‑5 BAACA 6‑10 CABBB 【题型六】句型转换。 按要求改写句子，保持句意不变。 1.Because many tourists come to the town, the local entertainment industry develops fast.（改为with复合结构） ___________________________________________________________________________. 2.He got up late, so he missed the bus to the theme park.（改为现在分词作结果状语） ___________________________________________________________________________. 3.To our amusement, he mistook the leopard for a big cat.（用what引导主语从句改写） ___________________________________________________________________________. 4.If you compare it with western culture, you will find this gesture is special.（用by comparison短语改写） ___________________________________________________________________________. 5.He hurried to the aquarium but he found it was closed.（用only to do改写） ___________________________________________________________________________. 参考答案参考 1.With many tourists coming into the town, the local entertainment industry develops fast. 2.He got up late, missing the bus to the theme park. 3.What amused us was that he mistook the leopard for a big cat. 4.By comparison, you will find this gesture is special. 5.He hurried to the aquarium, only to find it was closed. 【题型七】短语汉译英。 1.对…… 有吸引力____________ 2.做出推断___________________ 3.相比之下___________________ 4.适应（做）某事____________ 5.（机器）出故障____________ 6.挺直身子__________________ 7.换句话说__________________ 8.区分A与B________________ 9.在起作用；在工作____________ 10.号召；拜访_________________ 参考答案 1.appeal to 2. make inferences 3. by contrast / by comparison 4. adjust to (doing) sth 5.break down 6. straighten up 7. in other words 8. distinguish A from B 9.at work 10. call on 【题型八】词义配对（短语中文释义连线） 1.on the move      A. 推理，推断 2.make inferences    B. 颠倒，倒转 3.upside down      C. 在行进中；在迁移 4.set out        D. 适应 5.adjust to        E. 出发；着手 6.appeal to       F. 换句话说 7.in other words     G. 对…… 有吸引力 8.break down      H. 出故障；崩溃 参考答案：1‑C；2‑A；3‑B；4‑E；5‑D；6‑G；7‑F；8‑H 学科网（北京）股份有限公4 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $