专题03 选择性必修第一册Unit 5～选择性必修第二册Unit 1主语从句和表语从句（期中复习讲义）高二英语上学期人教版

专题02 主语从句和表语从句（提升版） 01 期中考情透视 02 复习目标锚定 03 知识体系构建 04 核心考点精讲 考点1：that /what/whatever引导主语从句和表语从句 考点2：It作形式主语引导主语从句的提升句型 考点3: whether 引导主语从句和表语从句 考点4: 表语从句三组高阶易混句型 考点5：主语从句和表语从句虚拟语气 考点6：What + 情绪类动词 + sb is that句型 05 限时分层演练 基础固本练/综合进阶练 本专题是选择性必修一Unit5和选择性必修二Unit1期中拔高必考模块。主语从句、表语从句在语法填空中不再局限于简单短句，经常嵌套定语从句、分词状语；除核心引导词that/what/whether外，拓展who/whatever/because等引导词辨析；重点考查从句嵌套、it 形式主语的变形结构、虚拟语气区分事实 / 建议语境、What‑情绪动词主语从句与非限制性定语从句的区分。 短文改错层面：侧重综合性错误。引导词混用、虚拟语气（should） do漏用、The reason is that与That is because语境混淆、从句内部嵌套时语序错误、主语从句作主语谓语主谓一致。 阅读理解层面：在科普、急救类长难句中识别多层嵌套名词性从句，剥离修饰成分抓取核心语义。 书面表达层面：侧重高阶输出。在急救倡议书、人物简介（科学家）写作中，灵活使用嵌套式主语 / 表语从句替换简单句。命题语料大量使用单元词汇：injury，burn，hypothesis，analyse，virus，variable，conclude，infect 等。 复习目标 复习重点： 1. 辨析that / what / whatever / who引导主语、表语从句，处理从句嵌套结构。 2. 熟练辨析 it 作形式主语的变体，区分It is + adj. that‑虚拟与陈述事实句型。 3. 精准区分whether与if边界，掌握whether引导从句的复杂语境。 4. 深度辨析两组易混句型：The reason is that… / That is because…That is why… 5. 分清主语从句、表语从句虚拟语气触发条件，区分客观事实与建议命令语境。 6. 掌握What + 情绪类动词 sb is that句型，完成与 it 形式主语、非限制性定语从句的句式互换。 7. 在嵌套长句语境完成填空、补全句子，实现写作高阶输出。 复习难点： 1. 嵌套结构中判断从句缺不缺成分，区分主句引导词与内嵌从句引导词 2. 虚拟语气：辨别什么时候需要（should） do，什么时候用陈述时态描述客观实验事实。 3.what与whatever语义差异；表语从句because / why辨析。 4. 主语从句作主语时的主谓一致问题。 考情规律 1. 引导词辨析为语法填空核心考点。重点区分 that 与 what，提升题加入 whatever 干扰；表语从句只能用 whether，禁用 if；命题常用定语从句、插入分词干扰，迷惑学生判断从句句子成分。 2. it 作形式主语为高频必考句型。既考陈述事实的基础结构，又考查 It is suggested/required that 触发的 (should) do 虚拟语气，侧重辨析客观事实与建议命令两种不同语境。 3. 三组表语从句固定句型是易错重灾区。The reason is that…That is because…That is why…常在填空、改错、完成句子设陷阱，结合急救、科学实验话题区分原因与结果逻辑。 4. 虚拟语气重在语境识别。只有表建议、命令、要求才用 (should) do；描述实验、急救客观事实用陈述时态，同时会考查虚拟被动形式 (should) be done。 5. 改错命题套路固化，话题紧扣单元素材。高频错误：The reason is because`if 误用、what/which 混淆、虚拟形式错误、主谓一致问题；题干素材围绕烧伤急救、假说实验，句子多嵌套修饰成分。 6. 阅读重长难句拆解，写作重句式升级。阅读不直接考语法，重在理解嵌套从句句意；写作优先套用 what 引导主语从句、it 形式主语句型实现句式升级；从句嵌套、句型改写是试卷区分度来源。 考点1：that /what/whatever 引导主语从句和表语从句（嵌套定语从句或分词短语） ✍用法精讲 1.that：从句语义、成分完整，仅连接，无实义；嵌套长句中，要剥离定语分词修饰，判断内层从句是否完整。 2.what：在从句内部充当主语 / 宾语 / 表语，特指某一件事。 3.whatever：泛指 “无论什么，一切…… 的事物”，语义范围大于what。 ✍对比： ✅What the experiment has proved is clear.（特指这个实验得出的东西） ✅Whatever the experiment has proved will be recorded.（无论实验证明了什么，都将被记录） ✍嵌套例句 ①What the experts who are studying burn injuries have concluded deserves our attention. 研究烧伤损伤的专家所得出的结论值得我们重视。（what 在主语从句中作 concluded 的宾语，内部嵌套 who 定语从句） ②The truth is that chemical burns, once untreated, will lead to severe infection. 事实是化学烧伤一旦得不到处理，将会引发严重感染。（that 引导表语从句，从句内部嵌套 once 分词省略结构） ⚠易错陷阱：长句被定语、分词干扰，误把成分残缺的从句选 that；泛指语境误用 what 代替 whatever。 ✍即时训练 一、单句语法填空。 1._________________the scientists who are exploring the new treatment have achieved offers new ideas for burn rescue. 2.The fact is _________________injuries caused by dangerous chemicals, if ignored, can threaten people’s lives. 3._________________you have observed in the lab should be written down in your experimental notebook.（泛指任何你观察到的内容） 4.This is _________________we must keep in mind when we deal with victims suffering from severe chemical burns. 二、补全句子。 1._________________（那些研究病毒的科学家所获得的发现）has changed people’s traditional opinions.（what 引导主语从句，嵌套定语从句） 2.The conclusion is _________________（未经处理的伤口很容易发生感染）。（that 引导表语从句） 3._________________（你从实验中所得到的任何结论）needs further testing before it is widely accepted.（whatever 主语从句） 4.This is _________________（我们在面对实验室各类安全隐患时应当牢记的原则）。（what 表语从句） 考点2：It作形式主语引导主语从句的提升句型 ✍用法精讲 归纳总结it作形式主语引导的主语从句： ①It is +adj that... ②It is+n.that... ③It +不及物动词that... ③It +使役动词 sb that... 句型1：It is + 形容词 + that‑从句 常用形容词：vital, obvious, clear, true, certain, natural, strange, important, possible ⚠注意：表建议 / 要求的形容词（suggested /required），从句用虚拟语气 (should) do 例句1：It is obvious that immediate first aid can save burn victims’ lives. 很明显，及时急救能够挽救烧伤伤者的生命。 例句2：It is vital that we (should) master basic experimental safety rules. 我们应当掌握基础的实验安全规范，这至关重要。 句型 2：It is + 名词短语 + that‑从句 常用名词 / 名词短语：a fact, common sense, a truth, a pity, a surprise, an honour 例句1：It is a fact that repeated experiments help test a scientist’s hypothesis. 事实是反复实验有助于验证科学家的假说。 例句2：It is common knowledge that chemical burns need cool‑water treatment. 化学烧伤需要冷水处理，这是常识。 句型 3：It + 不及物动词 + that‑从句 常用不及物动词：seems, appears, happens, turns out 例句1：It turns out that the hypothesis failed the lab test. 结果证明该假说没有通过实验室检验。 例句2：It seems that the wound is at high risk of infection. 似乎这个伤口有很高的感染风险。 句型 4：It + 使役动词 + sb + that‑从句 常用使役动词：strikes, surprises, shocks, amazes, disappoints 结构：It + 使役动词 + sb + that 从句，译为 “令某人…… 的是……” 例句1：It shocks medical workers that slight chemical burns may cause organ damage. 令医护人员震惊的是，轻微的化学烧伤也可能造成器官损伤。 例句2：It surprises the researchers that the virus spreads at such a high speed. 令研究人员惊讶的是，这种病毒传播速度如此之快。 ✍即时训练 一、单句语法填空。 1.It is acknowledged_________strict observation plays an essential role in scientific research. 2.It remains to be seen__________the hypothesis put forward by the expert can stand the test of experiments. 3.It is required that anyone working in the lab____________(follow) all safety rules. 4.It is believed____________quick first‑aid measures can lower the risk caused by severe injuries. 二、补全句子。（it作形式主语句型） 1._________________（人们普遍承认）that proper first‑aid can save countless lives.（It is acknowledged that） 2.It remains to be seen _________________（这种新型疗法是否能对化学烧伤起到作用）。 3.It is required that ________________（每个人都应当掌握基础急救知识）。 4.It is widely believed _________________（充分的数据分析有助于验证一个科学假说）。 考点3: whether 引导主语从句和表语从句 ✍用法精讲 1.whether可引导主语从句（句首 /it形式主语）、表语从句；表语从句绝对不可使用if。 2.提升拓展结构：whether to do；介词后只用 whether不用if。 3.嵌套语境：从句内部带有分词、定语修饰，仍然只能用 whether，不能换if。 例句：Our main concern is whether the injured patient suffering chemical burns can recover from the severe injury.我们主要关心的是这位遭受化学烧伤的伤者能否从重伤中恢复。 ⚠易错提醒： ❌Our concern is if the experiment will succeed. ✅Our concern is whether the experiment will succeed. ✍即时训练 一、单句语法填空。 1.__________the new therapy, which has been tested on animals, can apply to human patients still needs clinical proof. 2.It is hard to judge __________the data collected in the experiment can support the scientist’s assumption. 3.The problem lies in ___________we can prevent the open wound from getting infected in terrible conditions. 4.His uncertainty is _________the hypothesis can hold up when facing real‑world experimental conditions. 二、补全句子、 1. （我们学到的这个急救方法是否足够有效）is effective enough still needs plenty of real-case tests. 2. It is hard to tell （我们能否获取足够样本来研究病毒特征）。 3. The difficulty lies in （我们能否及时给伤者提供专业救助）。 4. His major doubt is （这个理论在极端条件下是否依然成立）。 考点4: 表语从句三组高阶易混句型 句式A:The reason is that … ……的原因是…… The reason is that the wound failed to receive timely treatment.原因是伤口没有得到及时处理。 句式B:That is because … 那是因为……（解释前面这件事的原因） That is because the team ignored some important experimental variables. 那是因为团队忽略了一些重要实验变量。 句式C:That is why … 那就是…… 的结果（引出这件事带来的后果） That is why repeated checks are required before doing chemical experiments. 那就是做化学实验前需要反复核查的原因。 记忆逻辑 The reason is that +原因事实； That is because +原因； That is why +结果。 ✍即时训练 一、单句语法填空。 1.The reason is ________the burn injury was not cooled with clean running water in time. 2.That is ________many experimental attempts ended in failure; they ignored key variables. 3.That is ________every lab member is supposed to master basic first‑aid knowledge for chemical injuries. 4.The reason is ________proper measures had not been taken to stop the spread of infection. 二、补全句子。 1.The reason is _________________（这位科学家不断调整实验方案）。 2.That is _________________（很多化学烧伤会留下永久伤疤）。（写原因） 3.That is _________________（我们必须格外小心处理危险化学品）。（写结果） 4.The reason is _________________（伤者错过了最佳急救时机）。 考点五：主语从句和表语从句虚拟语气 ✍用法精讲 1.主语从句和表语从句表达“建议、命令、要求”时，从句使用虚拟。 2.结构：主语 (should)+ 动词原形，should 可省略。 3.注意：描述客观实验事实、客观现象，不用虚拟，使用陈述时态。 句式A:It is suggested / advised / required / ordered that + (should) do 1.It is suggested that at school. 有人建议我们在校学习基础急救技能。 2. It is required that every student . 要求每位学生都必须遵守实验室安全守则。 句式B:My suggestion / advice / requirement / demand，后面 that 从句用（should） do 1. My suggestion is that we regularly. 我的建议是我们应当定期演练急救。 2. The requirement is that . 要求所有样本都保存在阴凉处。 ✍对比下面的句子： 1.It is suggested that every experimental change. 有人建议我们记录每一项实验变化。 2.What the lab results suggest is that temperature . 实验结果所表明的是温度会影响反应速率。 ✍即时训练 一、单句语法填空。 1.It is required that anyone exposed to dangerous chemicals ________ (receive) regular first-aid training. 2.It is obvious that timely treatment ________ (reduce) the risk of infection for burn victims. 3.His suggestion is that we ________ (record) every change of variables during the whole experiment. 4.It is reported that the new drug ________ (show) promising effects in animal experiments. 二、补全句子。 1.It is suggested that ____________________（我们应当演练应对化学烧伤的急救流程）。 2.It is well‑known that ____________________（病毒在高温环境下传播能力会下降）。 3.The expert’s requirement is that ____________________（所有实验数据应当被完整保存）。 4.It is acknowledged that ____________________（反复试错推动科学不断进步）。 考点六：What + 情绪类动词 + sb is that句型 ✍用法精讲 核心句型：What shocks / surprises / disappoints / amuses sb is that … what引导主语从句，what 在从句内部做主语；该句型用来表达 “令某人…… 的是……”。 提升重点：可以做句式改写，两种等价替换： ①改写为it作形式主语：It shocks sb that … ②改成非限制性定语从句： which shocks sb. 例句 What disappointed the research team was that the hypothesis failed multiple rounds of experiments. 改写it作形式主语： the hypothesis failed multiple rounds of experiments. 改成非限制性定语从句： The hypothesis failed multiple rounds of experiments, . ✍即时训练 一、单句语法填空。 1.________ shocks medical workers is that some severe burn victims ignore necessary first‑aid measures. 2.________ surprises the scientist that the chemical produces totally unexpected reactions under low temperature. 3.________ discourages the researchers is that repeated experiments cannot support their original guess. 4.Simple first‑aid steps can prevent so many deaths from chemical injuries,________ amazes us. 二、根据提示要求进行作答。 1. （令医护人员震惊的是）is that untreated chemical burns can cause organ failure.（what引导的主语从句） 2. （令科研团队失望的是）is that the drug failed to achieve expected effects.（what 主语从句） 3.Timely simple treatment saved the severely‑injured patient, （让我们大为惊讶的是）。（which引导的非限制性定语从句） 4.改写句子：What astonishes us is that the experiment yielded totally new evidence.（改写为 it 形式主语句型） . 基础固本练（限时：15分钟） 一、单句语法填空。 1. _______the researchers have observed in the lab shows us the risk of severe burns. 2. The fact is ________dirty wounds are easy to get infected without timely treatment. 3. It remains unknown ______ this hypothesis can be proved by the collected samples. 4. The reason is _______ the victim did not receive proper first aid immediately. 5. ______ shocks us is ______ a small injury may lead to a serious infection. 6. It is required that everyone in the lab _______ (wear) protective gloves. 7. The reason______ many experiments failed is ______ they ignored important variables. 8. ______ you discover in your experiment must be written down carefully. 9. It is obvious ______ quick action can reduce the harm caused by chemical burns. 10. His doubt is ______ we can collect enough evidence to support the theory. 二、单句改错。 1. The reason is because the burn injury was left untreated for hours. 2. The question is if we can stop the wound from becoming infected. 3. It is suggested that we record all data, so everyone writes it by hand. 4. Which surprises doctors is that simple first aid can save victims’ lives. 5. It is required that the samples are stored in a dry and cool box. 6. That is because we must learn basic first-aid knowledge for emergencies. 7. What the experiment shows is if temperature influences the reaction speed. 8. It is a pity whether we failed to get enough samples for analysis. 三、完成句子 1. ____________________________________（实验所得出的结论）proves the value of careful observation.（what引导的主语从句） 2. It is acknowledged that ____________________________________（及时急救可以降低感染风险）。（it作形式主语的主语从句） 3. The problem is ____________________________________（我们能否在事故现场拿到足够的医疗物资）。（whether引导的表语从句） 4. The reason is ____________________________________（这个假说没有考虑到关键变量）。（The reason is that句型） 5. It is required that ____________________________________（所有伤口样本都应当妥善保存）。（虚拟语气） 6.The chemical caused unexpected damage to skin,___________________________________（令科学家惊讶的是）（which引导的非限定性定语） 四、按照要求进行句型改写。 1. That the new treatment helps burn patients surprises many nurses.（改成What引导主语从句） . 2. We are not certain whether the sample can support his hypothesis.（改成 it作形式主语） . 3.The fact surprises us. The injury may develop into serious infection.（改写which引导的非限定性定语） . 4. He ignored lab safety rules. That was why his experiment failed.（改为That is because 句型） . 五、语法填空：在空白处填入适当引导词或动词正确形式。 1. we have learned from first-aid courses is 2. a small cut can become dangerous if it gets infected. It is obvious 3. we should clean wounds right away. It remains unknown 4. a new medicine can reduce infection speed. The scientist’s suggestion is that we 5. (record) every change in the samples. The reason is 6. the condition of victims can change quickly. 7. amazes us is 8 simple actions can save lives. That is 9 students are required to master basic first-aid skills. 10 you find in your research should be reported honestly. 综合进阶练（限时：30分钟） 一、阅读理解。 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Dramatic progress has been witnessed in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) which benefits from the great contributions some famous ancient doctors made and some experience they accumulated. The following three stand out among the famous ancient doctors. Hua Tuo Hua Tuo, a famous physician of the late Eastern Han Dynasty, was born in Qiao County in Peiguo (now Bozhou, Anhui Province). He led a simple life, away from fame and fortune. He would rather become a traveling physician for ordinary people. Hua Tuo was an expert in several medical fields, such as internal medicine, surgery, gynecology, pediatrics and acupuncture. He was the first person to perform surgery with the aid of anesthesia some 1,600 years before Europeans did. Zhang Zhongjing Zhang Zhongjing, also known as Zhang Ji, was one of the most distinguished Chinese physicians during the later years of the Eastern Han Dynasty. He lived in today's Nanyang in Henan Province. He was known as the "medical sage" by later generations due to his outstanding contributions to TCM. During his time many people were infected with fertility, an illness caused by fever. Zhang's family was no exception. The experience stimulated his motivation in medicine. He learned medicine by studying from his town's fellow Zhan Bozu, absorbing previous medicinal literature, collecting many prescriptions and finally writing the medical masterpiece Shanghan Zabing Lun. Unfortunately shortly after its publication the book was lost during wartime. Li Shizhen Li Shizhen was a famous medical scientist of the Ming Dynasty. He loved medicine from an early age and succeeded his ancestors as a doctor. He not only paid attention to accumulating experience in curing diseases, but also visited the famous mountains where medicinal materials were produced. On this basis, it took 27 years to compile（编著）the pharmaceutical masterpiece, Compendium of Materia Medica, which is known as the "Encyclopedia of Ancient China" and has made an important contribution to the development of classical medicine in China. 1.What do the three famous doctors mentioned in the passage have in common? A. Their books never come out. B. They travelled extensively across China. C. They led the way worldwide in their own expertise. D. They contributed themselves to the development of TCM. 2.What can we learn from the passage? A. Hua Tuo was desperate for reputationn and fortune. B. Li Shizhen came from a family of doctors. C. Li Shizhen survived Zhang Zhongjing by 9 years. D. Zhang Zhongjingˈs medical masterpiece vanished before published. 3.In which section of a magazine may this passage appear? A. Healthy lifestyles. B. Daily entertainment. C. Historical figures. D. Fitness management. B Turning soil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools. The program aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles. Jaramillo's students live in neighborhoods where fresh food and green space are not easy to find and fast food restaurants outnumber grocery stores. “The kids literally come to school with bags of snacks and large bottles of soft drinks,” she says. “They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, and insects are awful.” Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new. Urban Sprouts' classes, at two middle schools and two high schools, include hands-on experiments such as soil testing, flower-and-seed dissection, tastings of fresh or dried produce, and work in the garden. Several times a year, students cook the vegetables they grow, and they occasionally make salads for their entire schools. Program evaluations show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes. “We have students who say they went home and talked to their parents and now they're eating differently,” Jaramillo says. She adds that the program's benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo's special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. “They get outside,” she says, “and they feel successful.” 4.What do we know about Abby Jaramillo? A. She used to be a health worker.　　 B. She grew up in a low-income family. C. She owns a fast food restaurant.　　 D. She is an initiator of Urban Sprouts. 5.What was a problem facing Jaramillo at the start of the program? A. The kids' parents distrusted her.　　 B. Students had little time for her classes. C. Some kids disliked garden work.　　 D. There was no space for school gardens. 6.Which of the following best describes the impact of the program? A. Far-reaching.　　　　 B. Predictable.　　　　 C. Short-lived.　　 D. Unidentifiable. 7.What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Rescuing School Gardens　　 B. Experiencing Country Life C. Growing Vegetable Lovers　　 D. Changing Local Landscape 二、阅读七选五。 阅读下列短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 There is a rising interest in organic farming. Why is organic farming gaining such popularity?    (8)    Organic farming improves human health. The most crucial factor in the popularity of organic farming is its health benefits. Organic produce is free from harmful chemicals and pesticides and therefore poses no health risk.    (9)    Nutrition-rich organic food is extremely beneficial for human health. Numerous studies have also established the better quality of organic food over conventional products. Organic farming benefits the environment. At a time when ecological concerns are becoming more serious, organic farming presents a good way to preserve the ecology and environment.    (10)    Moreover, it also decreases the release of harmful gases like carbon dioxide responsible for global warming.     (11)     Organic farming not only helps preserve more natural habitats but also encourages birds and other natural predators （捕食性动物） to live happily on farmland, which assists in natural pest control. Additionally, animals that live on organic farms are exposed to clean, chemical-free feed, which helps keep them naturally healthy and resistant to illness. Organic farming builds soil health. At the core （核心） of organic farming are the production methods that do not rely on chemical inputs to increase yields.    (12)    By cutting the use of chemicals, organic farming is aimed at improving the overall health of the soil. Organic fertilisers not only improve the water preservation quality of the soil but also increase the natural fertility （肥沃） of the soil. A. Organic farming promotes creatures' health. B. Organic farming ensures biological diversity. C. Harmful chemicals reduce the quality of the soil. D. You can understand the reason once you know about its benefits. E. This practice helps prevent nitrogen emissions into the atmosphere. F. There are many things we can do to benefit the ecology and environment. G. Besides, depending on organic ways to produce crops also preserves the nutrients. 三、完形填空。 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 My grandmother, Mary, had always been an agricultural artist. Each component of her yard vividly illustrated her  (13) for plants. When she moved to a new house, she viewed her new garden as an   (14)  and immediately went to work. However, there was a fruit tree in the yard that  (15)  to bear fruit despite Grandma's nurturing. To encourage it to     (16)   , she spoke to the tree, sang to the tree, and reasoned with this tree. No (17)   . Finally, she contacted an expert. After reciting a long list of hints, all of which she had already done, the expert made a (18)  suggestion. He told her to hit the base of the tree with a broomstick to (19)   its roots. Grandma knew the vibrations（震动）would find their way down to the root system, but she doubted if fruit would be the result of such an unconventional  (20)  . To her amazement, the next spring the tree (21)  plentiful fruit, and the following years the fruit was more plentiful and healthy. We often laughed together at how  (22)  this beautiful elderly woman must have looked to anyone watching as she hit the defenseless tree. The story will always serve as a great (23)  of joy for our family. Last month, when I was  (24)  a particularly difficult time, I called Grandma for advice. She reminded me that the tree's greatest strength and value came after (25) . She lovingly   (26)  me, saying that my roots were being inspired by the personal trials I faced and that I would be a more fruitful "tree" because of them. She was not only an amazing     (27)   —she was a wise grandma. 13.A. passion B. knowledge C. admiration D. curiosity 14.A. assignment B. inspiration C. obstacle D. adventure 15.A. expected B. refused C. continued D. promised 16.A. blossom B. change C. shoot D. improve 17.A. answer B. luck C. wonder D. signal 18.A. common B. traditional C. dramatic D. complex 19.A. break B. destroy C. stimulate D. feed 20.A. condition B. strength C. activity D. approach 21.A. consumed B. yielded C. offered D. lacked 22.A. silly B. sensible C. realistic D. elegant 23.A. product B. symbol C. source D. appeal 24.A. looking into B. working on C. preparing for D. going through 25.A. adversity B. growth C. resistance D. criticism 26.A. warned B. appreciated C. encouraged D. doubted 27.A. nurse B. gardener C. trainee D. coach 四、语法填空。 阅读下列短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Years ago, we drew inspiration from the Monkey Kingˈs pioneering spirit of courage and determination. (28) _________ (current), we are moved to analyse cultural evidence and explore how ancient wisdom works. Fueled by the release of *Black Myth: Wukong*, a surge of interest in tourism has swept across China. Itˈs not unusual to see travelers rush (29) ________ (experience) ancient Chinese heritage and architecture. What the game shows us is that cultural stories can attract global visitors. The game, (30) ______ (base) on the classic novel Journey to the West, has drawn global attention with its amazing visuals and faithful re-creation of historical landmarks. Researchers conclude that no single variable can fully explain this tourism boom. Shanxi Province, which contributed 27 out of the game's 36 locations, has become (31) ____ hot destination. Many of the scenes described in the game carry evidence of old beliefs, prompting a sharp rise in searches for Shanxi on major travel platforms. Some worry that careless travel may cause injury and even infect relics. Hotel bookings and (32) ______ (visit) to the province have increased, with famous attractions like the Yungang Grottoes and Mount Wutai seeing a marked increase in (33) _________ (popular). The phenomenon isn't limited to Shanxi. Other regions are also benefiting from the game's impact. For example, Lianyungang, the “hometown of Wukong,” (34) ______ (offer) free entry to game players since this August, further driving tourism. Scientists take samples of online data to study this cultural trend. “This trend that people visit places featured in the game will not just be a passing enthusiasm (35) ____ a long-term cultural and economic force,” an expert has predicted. It is clear (36) ______ the game showcases China's rich cultural heritage, (37) ______ success boosts the Chinese game developers' confidence. Hopefully, there will be more domestically produced cultural content in the artworks. 五、书面表达。 假定你是李华，为了激发同学们学习科学的热情，你校的英语校报想增设一个栏目，外教Sabrina提出“Great Scientists”和“Fun in Science”两个选项供大家选择，请你给Sabrina写一封邮件，内容包括： （1）你的选择； （1）说明理由。 注意：写作词数应为80个左右。 Dear Sabrina, _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 主语从句和表语从句（提升版） 01 期中考情透视 02 复习目标锚定 03 知识体系构建 04 核心考点精讲 考点1：that /what/whatever引导主语从句和表语从句 考点2：It作形式主语引导主语从句的提升句型 考点3: whether 引导主语从句和表语从句 考点4: 表语从句三组高阶易混句型 考点5：主语从句和表语从句虚拟语气 考点6：What + 情绪类动词 + sb is that句型 05 限时分层演练 基础固本练/综合进阶练 本专题是选择性必修一Unit5和选择性必修二Unit1期中拔高必考模块。主语从句、表语从句在语法填空中不再局限于简单短句，经常嵌套定语从句、分词状语；除核心引导词that/what/whether外，拓展who/whatever/because等引导词辨析；重点考查从句嵌套、it 形式主语的变形结构、虚拟语气区分事实 / 建议语境、What‑情绪动词主语从句与非限制性定语从句的区分。 短文改错层面：侧重综合性错误。引导词混用、虚拟语气（should） do漏用、The reason is that与That is because语境混淆、从句内部嵌套时语序错误、主语从句作主语谓语主谓一致。 阅读理解层面：在科普、急救类长难句中识别多层嵌套名词性从句，剥离修饰成分抓取核心语义。 书面表达层面：侧重高阶输出。在急救倡议书、人物简介（科学家）写作中，灵活使用嵌套式主语 / 表语从句替换简单句。命题语料大量使用单元词汇：injury，burn，hypothesis，analyse，virus，variable，conclude，infect 等。 复习目标 复习重点： 1. 辨析that / what / whatever / who引导主语、表语从句，处理从句嵌套结构。 2. 熟练辨析 it 作形式主语的变体，区分It is + adj. that‑虚拟与陈述事实句型。 3. 精准区分whether与if边界，掌握whether引导从句的复杂语境。 4. 深度辨析两组易混句型：The reason is that… / That is because…That is why… 5. 分清主语从句、表语从句虚拟语气触发条件，区分客观事实与建议命令语境。 6. 掌握What + 情绪类动词 sb is that句型，完成与 it 形式主语、非限制性定语从句的句式互换。 7. 在嵌套长句语境完成填空、补全句子，实现写作高阶输出。 复习难点： 1. 嵌套结构中判断从句缺不缺成分，区分主句引导词与内嵌从句引导词 2. 虚拟语气：辨别什么时候需要（should） do，什么时候用陈述时态描述客观实验事实。 3.what与whatever语义差异；表语从句because / why辨析。 4. 主语从句作主语时的主谓一致问题。 考情规律 1. 引导词辨析为语法填空核心考点。重点区分 that 与 what，提升题加入 whatever 干扰；表语从句只能用 whether，禁用 if；命题常用定语从句、插入分词干扰，迷惑学生判断从句句子成分。 2. it 作形式主语为高频必考句型。既考陈述事实的基础结构，又考查 It is suggested/required that 触发的 (should) do 虚拟语气，侧重辨析客观事实与建议命令两种不同语境。 3. 三组表语从句固定句型是易错重灾区。The reason is that…That is because…That is why…常在填空、改错、完成句子设陷阱，结合急救、科学实验话题区分原因与结果逻辑。 4. 虚拟语气重在语境识别。只有表建议、命令、要求才用 (should) do；描述实验、急救客观事实用陈述时态，同时会考查虚拟被动形式 (should) be done。 5. 改错命题套路固化，话题紧扣单元素材。高频错误：The reason is because`if 误用、what/which 混淆、虚拟形式错误、主谓一致问题；题干素材围绕烧伤急救、假说实验，句子多嵌套修饰成分。 6. 阅读重长难句拆解，写作重句式升级。阅读不直接考语法，重在理解嵌套从句句意；写作优先套用 what 引导主语从句、it 形式主语句型实现句式升级；从句嵌套、句型改写是试卷区分度来源。 考点1：that /what/whatever 引导主语从句和表语从句（嵌套定语从句或分词短语） ✍用法精讲 1.that：从句语义、成分完整，仅连接，无实义；嵌套长句中，要剥离定语分词修饰，判断内层从句是否完整。 2.what：在从句内部充当主语 / 宾语 / 表语，特指某一件事。 3.whatever：泛指 “无论什么，一切…… 的事物”，语义范围大于what。 ✍对比： ✅What the experiment has proved is clear.（特指这个实验得出的东西） ✅Whatever the experiment has proved will be recorded.（无论实验证明了什么，都将被记录） ✍嵌套例句 ①What the experts who are studying burn injuries have concluded deserves our attention. 研究烧伤损伤的专家所得出的结论值得我们重视。（what 在主语从句中作 concluded 的宾语，内部嵌套 who 定语从句） ②The truth is that chemical burns, once untreated, will lead to severe infection. 事实是化学烧伤一旦得不到处理，将会引发严重感染。（that 引导表语从句，从句内部嵌套 once 分词省略结构） ⚠易错陷阱：长句被定语、分词干扰，误把成分残缺的从句选 that；泛指语境误用 what 代替 whatever。 ✍即时训练 一、单句语法填空。 1._________________the scientists who are exploring the new treatment have achieved offers new ideas for burn rescue. 2.The fact is _________________injuries caused by dangerous chemicals, if ignored, can threaten people’s lives. 3._________________you have observed in the lab should be written down in your experimental notebook.（泛指任何你观察到的内容） 4.This is _________________we must keep in mind when we deal with victims suffering from severe chemical burns. 参考答案和解析 1. What 解析：主语从句中achieved缺少宾语；内部嵌套who定语从句修饰scientists。 2. that 解析：表语从句去掉插入语if ignored之后，句子成分完整。 3. Whatever 解析：泛指“无论你观察到的任何东西”。 4. what 解析：keep in mind缺少宾语，what在从句作宾语。 二、补全句子。 1._________________（那些研究病毒的科学家所获得的发现）has changed people’s traditional opinions.（what 引导主语从句，嵌套定语从句） 2.The conclusion is _________________（未经处理的伤口很容易发生感染）。（that 引导表语从句） 3._________________（你从实验中所得到的任何结论）needs further testing before it is widely accepted.（whatever 主语从句） 4.This is _________________（我们在面对实验室各类安全隐患时应当牢记的原则）。（what 表语从句） 参考答案 1.What the scientists researching the virus have obtained 2.that untreated wounds can easily get infected 3.Whatever conclusion you draw from the experiment 4.what we should bear in mind when facing various hidden dangers in the lab 考点2：It作形式主语引导主语从句的提升句型 ✍用法精讲 归纳总结it作形式主语引导的主语从句： ①It is +adj that... ②It is+n.that... ③It +不及物动词that... ③It +使役动词 sb that... 句型1：It is + 形容词 + that‑从句 常用形容词：vital, obvious, clear, true, certain, natural, strange, important, possible ⚠注意：表建议 / 要求的形容词（suggested /required），从句用虚拟语气 (should) do 例句1：It is obvious that immediate first aid can save burn victims’ lives. 很明显，及时急救能够挽救烧伤伤者的生命。 例句2：It is vital that we (should) master basic experimental safety rules. 我们应当掌握基础的实验安全规范，这至关重要。 句型 2：It is + 名词短语 + that‑从句 常用名词 / 名词短语：a fact, common sense, a truth, a pity, a surprise, an honour 例句1：It is a fact that repeated experiments help test a scientist’s hypothesis. 事实是反复实验有助于验证科学家的假说。 例句2：It is common knowledge that chemical burns need cool‑water treatment. 化学烧伤需要冷水处理，这是常识。 句型 3：It + 不及物动词 + that‑从句 常用不及物动词：seems, appears, happens, turns out 例句1：It turns out that the hypothesis failed the lab test. 结果证明该假说没有通过实验室检验。 例句2：It seems that the wound is at high risk of infection. 似乎这个伤口有很高的感染风险。 句型 4：It + 使役动词 + sb + that‑从句 常用使役动词：strikes, surprises, shocks, amazes, disappoints 结构：It + 使役动词 + sb + that 从句，译为 “令某人…… 的是……” 例句1：It shocks medical workers that slight chemical burns may cause organ damage. 令医护人员震惊的是，轻微的化学烧伤也可能造成器官损伤。 例句2：It surprises the researchers that the virus spreads at such a high speed. 令研究人员惊讶的是，这种病毒传播速度如此之快。 ✍即时训练 一、单句语法填空。 1.It is acknowledged_________strict observation plays an essential role in scientific research. 2.It remains to be seen__________the hypothesis put forward by the expert can stand the test of experiments. 3.It is required that anyone working in the lab____________(follow) all safety rules. 4.It is believed____________quick first‑aid measures can lower the risk caused by severe injuries. 参考答案：1. that 2. whether 3. (should) follow 4. that 二、补全句子。（it作形式主语句型） 1._________________（人们普遍承认）that proper first‑aid can save countless lives.（It is acknowledged that） 2.It remains to be seen _________________（这种新型疗法是否能对化学烧伤起到作用）。 3.It is required that ________________（每个人都应当掌握基础急救知识）。 4.It is widely believed _________________（充分的数据分析有助于验证一个科学假说）。 参考答案 1.It is acknowledged 2.whether this new treatment can work for chemical burns 3.everyone (should) master basic first-aid knowledge that sufficient data analysis helps test a scientific hypothesis 考点3: whether 引导主语从句和表语从句 ✍用法精讲 1.whether可引导主语从句（句首 /it形式主语）、表语从句；表语从句绝对不可使用if。 2.提升拓展结构：whether to do；介词后只用 whether不用if。 3.嵌套语境：从句内部带有分词、定语修饰，仍然只能用 whether，不能换if。 例句：Our main concern is whether the injured patient suffering chemical burns can recover from the severe injury.我们主要关心的是这位遭受化学烧伤的伤者能否从重伤中恢复。 ⚠易错提醒： ❌Our concern is if the experiment will succeed. ✅Our concern is whether the experiment will succeed. ✍即时训练 一、单句语法填空。 1.__________the new therapy, which has been tested on animals, can apply to human patients still needs clinical proof. 2.It is hard to judge __________the data collected in the experiment can support the scientist’s assumption. 3.The problem lies in ___________we can prevent the open wound from getting infected in terrible conditions. 4.His uncertainty is _________the hypothesis can hold up when facing real‑world experimental conditions. 二、补全句子、 1. Whether the first-aid method we learnt （我们学到的这个急救方法是否足够有效）is effective enough still needs plenty of real-case tests. 2. It is hard to tell whether we can get enough samples to study virus features（我们能否获取足够样本来研究病毒特征）。 3. The difficulty lies in whether we can offer professional aid to patients in time（我们能否及时给伤者提供专业救助）。 4. His major doubt is whether the theory can hold true in extreme conditions（这个理论在极端条件下是否依然成立）。 考点4: 表语从句三组高阶易混句型 句式A:The reason is that … ……的原因是…… The reason is that the wound failed to receive timely treatment.原因是伤口没有得到及时处理。 句式B:That is because … 那是因为……（解释前面这件事的原因） That is because the team ignored some important experimental variables. 那是因为团队忽略了一些重要实验变量。 句式C:That is why … 那就是…… 的结果（引出这件事带来的后果） That is why repeated checks are required before doing chemical experiments. 那就是做化学实验前需要反复核查的原因。 记忆逻辑 The reason is that +原因事实； That is because +原因； That is why +结果。 ✍即时训练 一、单句语法填空。 1.The reason is ________the burn injury was not cooled with clean running water in time. 2.That is ________many experimental attempts ended in failure; they ignored key variables. 3.That is ________every lab member is supposed to master basic first‑aid knowledge for chemical injuries. 4.The reason is ________proper measures had not been taken to stop the spread of infection. 参考答案：1. that 2. because 3. why 4. that 二、补全句子。 1.The reason is _________________（这位科学家不断调整实验方案）。 2.That is _________________（很多化学烧伤会留下永久伤疤）。（写原因） 3.That is _________________（我们必须格外小心处理危险化学品）。（写结果） 4.The reason is _________________（伤者错过了最佳急救时机）。 参考答案 1. that the scientist kept adjusting the experimental plan 2.because many chemical burns will leave permanent scars 3.why we must handle dangerous chemicals with extra caution 4.that the injured missed the best time for first aid 考点五：主语从句和表语从句虚拟语气 ✍用法精讲 1.主语从句和表语从句表达“建议、命令、要求”时，从句使用虚拟。 2.结构：主语 (should)+ 动词原形，should 可省略。 3.注意：描述客观实验事实、客观现象，不用虚拟，使用陈述时态。 句式A:It is suggested / advised / required / ordered that + (should) do 1.It is suggested that we (should) learn basic first-aid skills at school. 有人建议我们在校学习基础急救技能。 2. It is required that every student (should) follow the lab safety rules. 要求每位学生都必须遵守实验室安全守则。 句式B:My suggestion / advice / requirement / demand，后面 that 从句用（should） do 1. My suggestion is that we (should) practice first-aid drills regularly. 我的建议是我们应当定期演练急救。 2. The requirement is that all samples (should) be kept in a cool place. 要求所有样本都保存在阴凉处。 ✍对比下面的句子： 1.It is suggested that we (should) record every experimental change. 有人建议我们记录每一项实验变化。 2.What the lab results suggest is that temperature affects the speed of the reaction. 实验结果所表明的是温度会影响反应速率。 ✍即时训练 一、单句语法填空。 1.It is required that anyone exposed to dangerous chemicals ________ (receive) regular first-aid training. 2.It is obvious that timely treatment ________ (reduce) the risk of infection for burn victims. 3.His suggestion is that we ________ (record) every change of variables during the whole experiment. 4.It is reported that the new drug ________ (show) promising effects in animal experiments. 参考答案和解析 1. (should) receive 解析：require表要求，虚拟。 2. reduces 解析：描述客观事实，陈述时态。 3. (should) record 解析：suggestion后表语从句虚拟。 4. shows 解析：报道客观实验现象，陈述时态。 二、补全句子。 1.It is suggested that ____________________（我们应当演练应对化学烧伤的急救流程）。 2.It is well‑known that ____________________（病毒在高温环境下传播能力会下降）。 3.The expert’s requirement is that ____________________（所有实验数据应当被完整保存）。 4.It is acknowledged that ____________________（反复试错推动科学不断进步）。 参考答案 1.we (should) practise the first‑aid procedures for chemical burns 2.the virus will become less capable of spreading in high-temperature conditions 3.all experimental data (should) be kept completely 4.trial and error pushes science forward continuously 考点六：What + 情绪类动词 + sb is that句型 ✍用法精讲 核心句型：What shocks / surprises / disappoints / amuses sb is that … what引导主语从句，what 在从句内部做主语；该句型用来表达 “令某人…… 的是……”。 提升重点：可以做句式改写，两种等价替换： ①改写为it作形式主语：It shocks sb that … ②改成非限制性定语从句： which shocks sb. 例句 What disappointed the research team was that the hypothesis failed multiple rounds of experiments. 改写it作形式主语： It disappoints the research team that the hypothesis failed multiple rounds of experiments. 改成非限制性定语从句： The hypothesis failed multiple rounds of experiments,which disappointed the research team. ✍即时训练 一、单句语法填空。 1.________ shocks medical workers is that some severe burn victims ignore necessary first‑aid measures. 2.________ surprises the scientist that the chemical produces totally unexpected reactions under low temperature. 3.________ discourages the researchers is that repeated experiments cannot support their original guess. 4.Simple first‑aid steps can prevent so many deaths from chemical injuries,________ amazes us. 参考答案：1. What 2. It 3. What 4. Which 二、根据提示要求进行作答。 1.What shocks medical workers （令医护人员震惊的是）is that untreated chemical burns can cause organ failure.（what引导的主语从句） 2.What disappoints the research team（令科研团队失望的是）is that the drug failed to achieve expected effects.（what 主语从句） 3.Timely simple treatment saved the severely‑injured patient,which surprised us greatly（让我们大为惊讶的是）。（which引导的非限制性定语从句） 4.改写句子：What astonishes us is that the experiment yielded totally new evidence.（改写为 it 形式主语句型） It astonishes us that the experiment yielded totally new evidence. 基础固本练（限时：15分钟） 一、单句语法填空。 1. _______the researchers have observed in the lab shows us the risk of severe burns. 2. The fact is ________dirty wounds are easy to get infected without timely treatment. 3. It remains unknown ______ this hypothesis can be proved by the collected samples. 4. The reason is _______ the victim did not receive proper first aid immediately. 5. ______ shocks us is ______ a small injury may lead to a serious infection. 6. It is required that everyone in the lab _______ (wear) protective gloves. 7. The reason______ many experiments failed is ______ they ignored important variables. 8. ______ you discover in your experiment must be written down carefully. 9. It is obvious ______ quick action can reduce the harm caused by chemical burns. 10. His doubt is ______ we can collect enough evidence to support the theory. 参考答案 1. What 2. that 3. whether 4. that 5. What; that 6. (should) wear 7. why; that 8. Whatever 9. that 10. whether 二、单句改错。 1. The reason is because the burn injury was left untreated for hours. 2. The question is if we can stop the wound from becoming infected. 3. It is suggested that we record all data, so everyone writes it by hand. 4. Which surprises doctors is that simple first aid can save victims’ lives. 5. It is required that the samples are stored in a dry and cool box. 6. That is because we must learn basic first-aid knowledge for emergencies. 7. What the experiment shows is if temperature influences the reaction speed. 8. It is a pity whether we failed to get enough samples for analysis. 参考答案 1. because → that 2. if → whether 3. writes → (should) write 4. Which → What 5. are → (should) be 6. because → why 7. if → that 8. whether → that 三、完成句子 1. ____________________________________（实验所得出的结论）proves the value of careful observation.（what引导的主语从句） 2. It is acknowledged that ____________________________________（及时急救可以降低感染风险）。（it作形式主语的主语从句） 3. The problem is ____________________________________（我们能否在事故现场拿到足够的医疗物资）。（whether引导的表语从句） 4. The reason is ____________________________________（这个假说没有考虑到关键变量）。（The reason is that句型） 5. It is required that ____________________________________（所有伤口样本都应当妥善保存）。（虚拟语气） 6.The chemical caused unexpected damage to skin,___________________________________（令科学家惊讶的是）（which引导的非限定性定语） 参考答案 1. What the experiment has concluded 2. timely first aid can reduce the risk of infection 3. whether we can get enough medical supplies at the accident site 4. that the hypothesis didn’t consider the key variables 5. all wound samples (should) be kept properly 6. which surprised the scientists 四、按照要求进行句型改写。 1. That the new treatment helps burn patients surprises many nurses.（改成What引导主语从句） What surprises many nurses is that the new treatment helps burn patients. 2. We are not certain whether the sample can support his hypothesis.（改成 it作形式主语） It is uncertain to us whether the sample can support his hypothesis. 3.The fact surprises us. The injury may develop into serious infection.（改写which引导的非限定性定语） The injury may develop into serious infection,what surprises us. 4. He ignored lab safety rules. That was why his experiment failed.（改为That is because 句型） His experiment failed. That is because he ignored lab safety rules. 五、语法填空：在空白处填入适当引导词或动词正确形式。 1. we have learned from first-aid courses is 2. a small cut can become dangerous if it gets infected. It is obvious 3. we should clean wounds right away. It remains unknown 4. a new medicine can reduce infection speed. The scientist’s suggestion is that we 5. (record) every change in the samples. The reason is 6. the condition of victims can change quickly. 7. amazes us is 8 simple actions can save lives. That is 9 students are required to master basic first-aid skills. 10 you find in your research should be reported honestly. 参考答案 1. What 2. that 3. that 4. whether 5. (should) record 6. that 7. What 8. that 9. why 10. Whatever 综合进阶练（限时：30分钟） 一、阅读理解。 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Dramatic progress has been witnessed in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) which benefits from the great contributions some famous ancient doctors made and some experience they accumulated. The following three stand out among the famous ancient doctors. Hua Tuo Hua Tuo, a famous physician of the late Eastern Han Dynasty, was born in Qiao County in Peiguo (now Bozhou, Anhui Province). He led a simple life, away from fame and fortune. He would rather become a traveling physician for ordinary people. Hua Tuo was an expert in several medical fields, such as internal medicine, surgery, gynecology, pediatrics and acupuncture. He was the first person to perform surgery with the aid of anesthesia some 1,600 years before Europeans did. Zhang Zhongjing Zhang Zhongjing, also known as Zhang Ji, was one of the most distinguished Chinese physicians during the later years of the Eastern Han Dynasty. He lived in today's Nanyang in Henan Province. He was known as the "medical sage" by later generations due to his outstanding contributions to TCM. During his time many people were infected with fertility, an illness caused by fever. Zhang's family was no exception. The experience stimulated his motivation in medicine. He learned medicine by studying from his town's fellow Zhan Bozu, absorbing previous medicinal literature, collecting many prescriptions and finally writing the medical masterpiece Shanghan Zabing Lun. Unfortunately shortly after its publication the book was lost during wartime. Li Shizhen Li Shizhen was a famous medical scientist of the Ming Dynasty. He loved medicine from an early age and succeeded his ancestors as a doctor. He not only paid attention to accumulating experience in curing diseases, but also visited the famous mountains where medicinal materials were produced. On this basis, it took 27 years to compile（编著）the pharmaceutical masterpiece, Compendium of Materia Medica, which is known as the "Encyclopedia of Ancient China" and has made an important contribution to the development of classical medicine in China. 1.What do the three famous doctors mentioned in the passage have in common? A. Their books never come out. B. They travelled extensively across China. C. They led the way worldwide in their own expertise. D. They contributed themselves to the development of TCM. 2.What can we learn from the passage? A. Hua Tuo was desperate for reputationn and fortune. B. Li Shizhen came from a family of doctors. C. Li Shizhen survived Zhang Zhongjing by 9 years. D. Zhang Zhongjingˈs medical masterpiece vanished before published. 3.In which section of a magazine may this passage appear? A. Healthy lifestyles. B. Daily entertainment. C. Historical figures. D. Fitness management. 【答案】DBC 【解析】文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国古代三位名医。 1. 考查细节理解题。根据第一段可知，中医学取得了巨大的进步，这得益于一些古代名医的巨大贡献和积累的一些经验。以下三位在古代名医中脱颖而出。由此可知本文提及的三位名医对中医作出了巨大贡献。故选D项。 2. 考查推理判断题。根据Li Shizhen下面的“He loved medicine from an early age and succeeded his ancestors as a doctor.”可知，他从小就喜欢医学，并继承了他的祖先的职业成为一名医生。由此可推知李时珍出身于医学世家。故选B项。 3. 考查推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“The following three stand out among the ancient famous doctors.”和下文的内容可知，本文主要介绍了华佗、张仲景、李时珍三位中国古代名医及其贡献。由此可推测出本文最有可能在杂志的历史人物版块出现。故选C项。 B Turning soil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools. The program aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles. Jaramillo's students live in neighborhoods where fresh food and green space are not easy to find and fast food restaurants outnumber grocery stores. “The kids literally come to school with bags of snacks and large bottles of soft drinks,” she says. “They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, and insects are awful.” Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new. Urban Sprouts' classes, at two middle schools and two high schools, include hands-on experiments such as soil testing, flower-and-seed dissection, tastings of fresh or dried produce, and work in the garden. Several times a year, students cook the vegetables they grow, and they occasionally make salads for their entire schools. Program evaluations show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes. “We have students who say they went home and talked to their parents and now they're eating differently,” Jaramillo says. She adds that the program's benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo's special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. “They get outside,” she says, “and they feel successful.” 4.What do we know about Abby Jaramillo? A. She used to be a health worker.　　 B. She grew up in a low-income family. C. She owns a fast food restaurant.　　 D. She is an initiator of Urban Sprouts. 5.What was a problem facing Jaramillo at the start of the program? A. The kids' parents distrusted her.　　 B. Students had little time for her classes. C. Some kids disliked garden work.　　 D. There was no space for school gardens. 6.Which of the following best describes the impact of the program? A. Far-reaching.　　　　 B. Predictable.　　　　 C. Short-lived.　　 D. Unidentifiable. 7.What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Rescuing School Gardens　　 B. Experiencing Country Life C. Growing Vegetable Lovers　　 D. Changing Local Landscape 【答案】DCAC 【解析】文章大意：本文是记叙文。为了培养学生的科学技能，增强他们的环保意识并培养健康的生活习惯，Abby Jaramillo和另一个老师发起了一个名为Urban Sprouts的菜园子项目。这个项目启动之后，孩子们受益颇多，他们不仅吃上了自己种的蔬菜，也慢慢爱上了自己种菜。 4. 考查细节理解题。本题问的是Abby Jaramillo的个人情况。根据第一段第二句可知，Abby Jaramillo和另外一个老师启动了Urban Sprouts这个菜园子项目。D项意为“她是Urban Sprouts项目的一个创始人”，符合题意。故选D项。 5.考查细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句可知，孩子们认为蔬菜、泥土和昆虫都很糟糕。最后一句提到一些孩子一开始害怕昆虫，且兴趣都被泥土给弄没了。由此可知，最开始Jaramilloo面临的困难是孩子们不喜欢在菜园工作。故选C项。 6. 考查推理判断题。本题问的是对项目影响的评价。文章最后两段讲到，项目评估显示该课程使孩子们吃蔬菜比过去多了，但益处不止于营养（nutrition），有的孩子把种子带回家以便在家里开垦菜园。特殊教育学生还因种菜获得了心理疗愈（have a calming effect），现在愿意出门，有了成就感。由此可推知，这个项目的影响是深远的（far-reaching）。predictable可预测的；short-lived短暂的；unidentifiable无法辨别的。故选A项。 7. 考查主旨大意题。文章第一段提到为了培养学生的科学技能，增强他们的环保意识并培养健康的生活习惯，Jaramillo和另一个老师启动了一个项目。紧接着提到了同学们本来不喜欢菜园子里的劳动，但是通过学习这个项目里的课程，他们变成爱吃蔬菜和自己种蔬菜的人。由此可知，C项（培养蔬菜爱好者）最适合做文章标题。A项“挽救学校菜园”、B项“体验乡村生活”以及D项“改变当地的风景”均不符合题意。故选C项。 二、阅读七选五。 阅读下列短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 There is a rising interest in organic farming. Why is organic farming gaining such popularity?    (8)    Organic farming improves human health. The most crucial factor in the popularity of organic farming is its health benefits. Organic produce is free from harmful chemicals and pesticides and therefore poses no health risk.    (9)    Nutrition-rich organic food is extremely beneficial for human health. Numerous studies have also established the better quality of organic food over conventional products. Organic farming benefits the environment. At a time when ecological concerns are becoming more serious, organic farming presents a good way to preserve the ecology and environment.    (10)    Moreover, it also decreases the release of harmful gases like carbon dioxide responsible for global warming.     (11)     Organic farming not only helps preserve more natural habitats but also encourages birds and other natural predators （捕食性动物） to live happily on farmland, which assists in natural pest control. Additionally, animals that live on organic farms are exposed to clean, chemical-free feed, which helps keep them naturally healthy and resistant to illness. Organic farming builds soil health. At the core （核心） of organic farming are the production methods that do not rely on chemical inputs to increase yields.    (12)    By cutting the use of chemicals, organic farming is aimed at improving the overall health of the soil. Organic fertilisers not only improve the water preservation quality of the soil but also increase the natural fertility （肥沃） of the soil. A. Organic farming promotes creatures' health. B. Organic farming ensures biological diversity. C. Harmful chemicals reduce the quality of the soil. D. You can understand the reason once you know about its benefits. E. This practice helps prevent nitrogen emissions into the atmosphere. F. There are many things we can do to benefit the ecology and environment. G. Besides, depending on organic ways to produce crops also preserves the nutrients. 【答案】DGEAC 【解析】文章大意：本文主要介绍了有机农业日益受欢迎的原因，包括其对人类健康、环境、动物健康和土壤健康的益处。 8. 文章首句提到人们对有机农业的兴趣日益提升，再结合空前的问题“Why is organic farming gaining such popularity?”可以推断出，作者要引出有机农业受欢迎的原因，故D项“一旦你了解了它的好处，你就能明白原因”符合语境。 9. 根据上文中的“Organic produce... poses no health risk”以及下文中的“Nutrition-rich organic food is extremely beneficial for human health”可知，上文说的是有机农产品不受有害化学物质和农药的影响，因此不构成健康风险，下文说的是营养丰富的有机食品对人体健康极为有益。由此可推理出空处应说明有机农业对食物营养的影响，故G项“此外，依靠有机方式生产作物也保留了营养”符合语境。 10. 根据上文中的“organic farming presents a good way to preserve the ecology and environment”以及下文中的“Moreover, it also decreases the release of harmful gases like carbon dioxide responsible for global warming”可知，上文说的是有机农业为保护生态和环境提供了一种好方法，下文提到有机农业也减少了导致全球变暖的二氧化碳等有害气体的排放。由此可推理出此处也应具体说明有机农业如何在气体排放方面起到保护环境的作用，故E项“这种做法有助于防止氮气排放到大气中”符合语境。E项中的This practice指的是空前的organic farming。 11. 空处考查小标题。通读本段内容尤其是本段的最后一句可知，本段主要讲有机农业对动物健康的益处，故A项“有机农业促进动物健康”符合语境。 12. 空前一句提到，有机农业的核心是不依赖化学投入来提高产量的生产方法，下文说有机农业通过减少化学物质的使用来改善土壤的整体健康。由此可推知，空处应说明有机农业不依赖化学投入的原因，即化学物质对土壤的负面影响，故C项“有害化学物质会降低土壤的质量”符合语境。 三、完形填空。 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 My grandmother, Mary, had always been an agricultural artist. Each component of her yard vividly illustrated her  (13) for plants. When she moved to a new house, she viewed her new garden as an   (14)  and immediately went to work. However, there was a fruit tree in the yard that  (15)  to bear fruit despite Grandma's nurturing. To encourage it to     (16)   , she spoke to the tree, sang to the tree, and reasoned with this tree. No (17)   . Finally, she contacted an expert. After reciting a long list of hints, all of which she had already done, the expert made a (18)  suggestion. He told her to hit the base of the tree with a broomstick to (19)   its roots. Grandma knew the vibrations（震动）would find their way down to the root system, but she doubted if fruit would be the result of such an unconventional  (20)  . To her amazement, the next spring the tree (21)  plentiful fruit, and the following years the fruit was more plentiful and healthy. We often laughed together at how  (22)  this beautiful elderly woman must have looked to anyone watching as she hit the defenseless tree. The story will always serve as a great (23)  of joy for our family. Last month, when I was  (24)  a particularly difficult time, I called Grandma for advice. She reminded me that the tree's greatest strength and value came after (25) . She lovingly   (26)  me, saying that my roots were being inspired by the personal trials I faced and that I would be a more fruitful "tree" because of them. She was not only an amazing     (27)   —she was a wise grandma. 13.A. passion B. knowledge C. admiration D. curiosity 14.A. assignment B. inspiration C. obstacle D. adventure 15.A. expected B. refused C. continued D. promised 16.A. blossom B. change C. shoot D. improve 17.A. answer B. luck C. wonder D. signal 18.A. common B. traditional C. dramatic D. complex 19.A. break B. destroy C. stimulate D. feed 20.A. condition B. strength C. activity D. approach 21.A. consumed B. yielded C. offered D. lacked 22.A. silly B. sensible C. realistic D. elegant 23.A. product B. symbol C. source D. appeal 24.A. looking into B. working on C. preparing for D. going through 25.A. adversity B. growth C. resistance D. criticism 26.A. warned B. appreciated C. encouraged D. doubted 27.A. nurse B. gardener C. trainee D. coach 文章大意：作者的奶奶对植物有极大的热情，在新房子里精心照料花园中的果树，尝试各种办法让果树结果，直到咨询专家并采取了打树干的方法后，才最终成功让果树结果，文章通过这个故事传达了奶奶的智慧和对家庭的爱。 13. 【答案】A 【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：她院子的每一部分都生动展示了她对植物的热爱。A．passion热爱；B．knowledge知识；C．admiration钦佩；D．curiosity好奇心。故选A项。 14. 【答案】D 【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：当她搬到新房子时，她把她的新花园视为一次冒险，并立即开始工作。A．assignment任务；B．inspiration灵感；C．obstacle障碍；D．adventure冒险。故选D项。 15. 【答案】B 【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：然而，院子里有一棵果树，尽管奶奶悉心照顾但却不结果实。A．expect期待；B．refuse拒绝；C．continue持续；D．promise承诺。故选B项。 16. 【答案】A 【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：为了让它开花，她对这棵树说话、唱歌、讲道理。A．blossom开花；B．change改变；C．shoot发芽；D．improve改善。故选A项。 17. 【答案】B 【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：没有成功。A．answer答案；B．luck成功，运气；C．wonder奇迹；D．signal信号。故选B项。 18.【答案】 C 【解析】考查形容词辨析。句意：在罗列了一长串她已经做过的建议之后，专家提出了一个戏剧性的建议。A．common普通的；B．traditional传统的；C．dramatic戏剧性的；D．complex复杂的。故选C项。 19. 【答案】C 【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：他让她用扫帚柄敲打树的底部，刺激树根。A．break破坏；B．destroy摧毁；C．stimulate刺激；D．feed滋养。故选C项。 20. 【答案】D 【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：奶奶知道震动会传到根系，但她怀疑这种非常规的方法是否会结出果实。A．condition条件；B．strength力量；C．activity活动；D．approach方法。故选D项。 21. 【答案】B 【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：令她惊奇的是，第二年春天，这棵树结出了许多果实，接下来的几年里，果实更丰富、更健康。A．consume消耗；B．yield产生，结出；C．offer提供；D．lack缺乏。故选B项。 22. 【答案】A 【解析】考查形容词辨析。句意：一提起来，我们常常会笑，这位美丽的老妇人看起来一定很愚蠢，因为她打了一棵无还手之力的树。A．silly愚蠢的；B．sensible明智的；C．realistic实际的；D．elegant优雅的。故选A项。 23. 【答案】C 【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：这个故事将始终是我们家庭欢乐的源泉。 A．product产物；B．symbol象征；C．source来源；D．appeal吸引力。故选C项。 24. 【答案】D 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：上个月，当我经历一段特别困难的时期时，我打电话给奶奶寻求建议。A．look into调查；B．work on从事；C．prepare for准备；D．go through经历。故选D项。 25. 【答案】A 【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：她告诉我，树的最大力量和价值来自逆境之后。A．adversity逆境；B．growth成长；C．resistance抵抗；D．criticism批评。故选A项。 26. 【答案】C 【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：她亲切地鼓励我，说我的根受到了我所面临的个人考验的启发，因为它们，我将成为一棵硕果累累的“树”。A．warn警告；B．appreciate感激；C．encourage鼓励；D．doubt怀疑。故选C项。 27. 【答案】B 【解析】句意：她不仅仅是一位很棒的园艺师，她还是一位聪明的奶奶。A．nurse护士；B．gardener园丁，园艺师；C．trainee实习生；D．coach教练。故选B项。 四、语法填空。 阅读下列短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Years ago, we drew inspiration from the Monkey Kingˈs pioneering spirit of courage and determination. (28) _________ (current), we are moved to analyse cultural evidence and explore how ancient wisdom works. Fueled by the release of *Black Myth: Wukong*, a surge of interest in tourism has swept across China. Itˈs not unusual to see travelers rush (29) ________ (experience) ancient Chinese heritage and architecture. What the game shows us is that cultural stories can attract global visitors. The game, (30) ______ (base) on the classic novel Journey to the West, has drawn global attention with its amazing visuals and faithful re-creation of historical landmarks. Researchers conclude that no single variable can fully explain this tourism boom. Shanxi Province, which contributed 27 out of the game's 36 locations, has become (31) ____ hot destination. Many of the scenes described in the game carry evidence of old beliefs, prompting a sharp rise in searches for Shanxi on major travel platforms. Some worry that careless travel may cause injury and even infect relics. Hotel bookings and (32) ______ (visit) to the province have increased, with famous attractions like the Yungang Grottoes and Mount Wutai seeing a marked increase in (33) _________ (popular). The phenomenon isn't limited to Shanxi. Other regions are also benefiting from the game's impact. For example, Lianyungang, the “hometown of Wukong,” (34) ______ (offer) free entry to game players since this August, further driving tourism. Scientists take samples of online data to study this cultural trend. “This trend that people visit places featured in the game will not just be a passing enthusiasm (35) ____ a long-term cultural and economic force,” an expert has predicted. It is clear (36) ______ the game showcases China's rich cultural heritage, (37) ______ success boosts the Chinese game developers' confidence. Hopefully, there will be more domestically produced cultural content in the artworks. 参考答案和详解 28. Currently 解析：形容词 current（当前的）→副词 currently，作句子状语，意为 “目前”，副词修饰整个句子，句首首字母大写。 29. to experience 解析：固定搭配 rush to do sth 急忙 / 赶去做某事，不定式作目的状语。句意：游客争相去体验中国古老遗产与建筑。 30. based 解析：固定短语 be based on 以…… 为基础。此处作后置定语，省略 be 动词，用过去分词 based 表被动。 The game, based on… = The game which is based on… 31. a 解析：destination 是可数名词单数，hot 以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词 a。become a hot destination 成为热门目的地。 32. visits 解析：and 并列 Hotel bookings（名词复数），因此 visit 此处作名词 “游览，到访”，变复数 visits。 33. popularity 解析：介词 in 后面接名词。形容词 popular →名词 popularity，意为 “受欢迎程度；人气”。increase in popularity 人气上升。 34. has offered 解析：时间状语 since this August（自从今年八月），是现在完成时标志；主语 Lianyungang 单数，故用 has offered。 35. but 解析：固定结构 not just… but (also)… 不仅…… 而且……。句意：这股热潮不只是短暂的热度，更是长期的文化与经济力量。 36. that 解析：It is clear that… it 作形式主语，that 引导主语从句（本次语篇名词性从句考点），that 无词义，不作成分，不可省略。 37. whose 解析：非限制性定语从句。先行词 the game showcases Chinaˈs rich cultural heritage 这件事，whose 在从句中作 success 的定语，表 “它的（这款游戏的）”。whose success 它的成功。 五、书面表达。 假定你是李华，为了激发同学们学习科学的热情，你校的英语校报想增设一个栏目，外教Sabrina提出“Great Scientists”和“Fun in Science”两个选项供大家选择，请你给Sabrina写一封邮件，内容包括： （1）你的选择； （1）说明理由。 注意：写作词数应为80个左右。 Dear Sabrina, _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 参考范文1： Dear Sabrina, Iˈm writing to express my choice about the new column of our school English newspaper. I prefer“Fun in Science” to“Great Scientists”. The main reason is that this column can better arouse studentsˈ enthusiasm for science. It can present interesting scientific experiments, small inventions and amazing scientific facts, which is not only easy for us to understand but also highly attractive. Unlike the simple introduction to scientists, it can let us closely experience the joy and charm of science in daily life directly, making us more willing to explore the world of science. I hope my suggestion will be helpful. Yours, Li Hua 参考范文2: Dear Sabrina, I'm writing to express my preference for the new column in our school English newspaper. Between the two options you offered, I would rather choose “Great Scientists.” Firstly, reading stories of outstanding scientists enables us to gain valuable knowledge, which can greatly arouse our passion for science. Secondly, by learning about their life experiences and persistent spirits, we can build a positive attitude towards study and life. Moreover, being exposed to English passages related to science, we can improve our English skills while broadening our horizons. I firmly believe that this column will be well received by all students. Thank you for your time and kindness. Yours, Li Hua 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $