内容正文:
高考英语・动词词义辨析
1、「花费;耗费」spend /cost/take /pay
spend 主语人;spend time/money (in) doing / on sth
He spends two hours reading every day.
cost 主语物 / 事;花费金钱;也可表示 “使丧失(生命)”
The book cost me 20 yuan.
take 主语常用 it;It takes sb + 时间 + to do(做某事花某人多久)
It took me an hour to finish the task.
pay 主语人;pay money for sth;pay(付钱,偿还)
I paid 50 yuan for the shirt.
口诀:人 spend,物 cost,it take,人 pay
2、「获得;得到」get /gain/obtain /acquire/win
get(通用,课本基础)得到、收到;get sth
I got a letter yesterday.
gain:逐步获得(经验、力量、优势、体重),侧重日积月累
gain experience /gain weight
acquire:习得(知识、语言、习惯),高中阅读高频
acquire English skills
obtain:正式,通过努力 / 申请获得(资料、许可)
win:赢得(比赛、奖项、战争),宾语不能是人
win a prize /win the game
3、「说;讲」say /speak/tell /talk
say:强调说话内容,say sth (to sb)
He said he would come.
speak:说某种语言;发言;不及物 “讲话”
speak English /speak at the meeting
tell:告诉;讲述;分辨;tell sb sth /tell a story /tell A from B
talk:交谈,讨论;talk with/to sb;talk about sth
4、「借」borrow /lend/keep
borrow 借入(向别人借进来,短暂动作)borrow sth from sb
lend 借出(把东西借给别人,短暂动作)lend sth to sb
keep 保留、保管;延续性动词,和时间段连用
You can keep the book for two weeks.
考点:完成时不能用 borrow/lend,要用 keep
5、「接受;收到」receive /accept
receive:收到(客观动作,不一定收下)
I received a gift but didn’t accept it.
accept:主观接受,同意接纳
6、「提升;提高」raise /rise/arise /arouse
高考超级高频!分清及物 / 不及物
raise(vt. 及物):举起;筹集;抚养;提高(人为)
raise one’s hand, raise money, raise prices
rise(vi. 不及物,rose/risen):自然上升,上涨(物自己升)
The sun rises. Prices rise.
arise(vi.,arose/arisen):(问题、困难)出现、产生
Problems arise when we work together.
arouse(vt.):唤起(兴趣、情绪、怀疑)
arouse interest 唤起兴趣
7、「控制;管理」manage /control/run
manage:设法做成;管理;manage to do(成功做成)
control:控制,支配
run:经营,运营(店铺、工厂),课本完形高频
run a company
8、「尝试;努力」try /attempt/manage
try to do 尽力去做(不一定成功)
try doing 试着做(试一试方法)
attempt to do 试图(正式,常暗含失败)
manage to do 设法成功做成(高考重点!)
9、「伤害;损伤」hurt /injure/wound /harm/damage /destroy/ruin
hurt:疼痛;情感 / 身体受伤(可轻可重)
My leg hurts. hurt one’s feelings 伤感情
injure:意外事故受伤(车祸、摔倒)
wound:刀枪、战斗伤口(战争、武器所伤)
harm:危害,损害(抽象:健康、权益)do harm to
damage:损坏,可修复(物品受损)
The storm damaged the house.
destroy:彻底摧毁,难以修复
ruin:毁灭;糟蹋;废墟;强调慢慢毁掉
ruin one’s holiday 毁掉假期
10、「说服;建议」persuade /advise
persuade sb to do:说服(成功说服)
advise sb to do:建议(不一定听从)
陷阱:advise ≠ persuade
11、「记得;忘记;遗憾」remember /forget/regret
remember to do 记得要去做(未做)
remember doing 记得做过(已做完)
forget to do 忘记要做;forget doing 忘记做过
regret to do 遗憾地要告知(I regret to tell you…)
regret doing 后悔做了某事
12、「停止;继续」stop /go on /continue
stop to do 停下来去做另一件事
stop doing 停止正在做的事
go on to do 接着做另一件
go on doing 继续做同一件
13、「选择」choose /select/pick
choose:普通选择 choose to do
select:精选,挑选(筛选)
pick:随手挑选;采摘 pick apples
14、「怀疑;猜想」doubt /suspect
doubt:怀疑(认为未必真实,否定 / 疑问常用 that,肯定 whether)
I doubt whether he will come.
suspect:怀疑(认为很可能是真的;怀疑某人犯罪)
I suspect he lied.
15、「比较」compare /contrast
compare A with B:把 A 和 B对比(找异同)
compare A to B:把 A比作B(比喻)
contrast:对照,强调差异
16、「忽视;忽略」ignore /neglect/overlook
ignore:故意不理睬,无视
neglect:疏忽,怠慢(该做没做)
overlook:俯瞰;没注意到,忽略(无意漏掉)
17、「坚持」insist /stick to
insist:坚持说(观点,that 陈述);坚决要求(that 虚拟 (should) do)
insist on doing 坚持做
stick to(to 是介词!)坚持(原则、计划)stick to the plan
18、「提供」offer /provide/supply
offer sb sth = offer sth to sb 主动提供
offer to do 主动提出做
provide sb with sth = provide sth for sb 提供(所需物品)
supply sb with sth = supply sth to sb 供应(大批量补给)
19、「推迟;延迟」delay /postpone/put off
put off(短语动词,高考最常考)put off doing 推迟
delay:耽搁、延误(意外造成)delay doing
postpone:延期(人为安排改时间)
20、「认出;识别」recognize /realize/know
recognize:认出(原来认识,现在认出来)
realize:意识到;实现(梦想)realize one’s dream
know:认识,了解(延续状态)
21、「包含」contain /include
contain:里面装有;容纳;包含(整体内含成分)
The box contains books.
include:包括(列举部分),常用 including /included
Ten students attended, including me.
22、「影响」affect /influence/effect
affect (vt.) 影响;使感动;(疾病)侵袭
The weather affects our plan.
influence (v./n.) 潜移默化影响(思想性格)
effect 大多作名词:have an effect on 对… 产生影响
23、「参加」join /join in /take part in /attend
join:加入(团体、组织、人)join the army /join sb
join in:参加小型活动(游戏、谈话)
take part in:参加大型活动、比赛(并发挥作用)
attend:出席(会议、课、典礼)attend class/meeting
24、「反映;思考」reflect /consider
reflect:反射;反思 reflect on sth
consider:考虑 consider doing;认为 consider sb (as)…
25、「逃避;避免」avoid /escape
avoid doing 避免(刻意躲开)
escape:逃跑;escape doing 逃过(惩罚、灾难)
26、「承诺;允许」promise /permit/allow
promise sb to do 承诺(主语自己要做)
permit /allow sb to do 允许某人做;permit 更正式
27、「占据;花费」occupy /cover
occupy:占据(时间 / 空间;占领)be occupied in doing 忙于
cover:覆盖;行走(路程);报道;支付费用
cover 50 kilometers 走 50 公里
28、「适合」fit /suit/match
fit:尺寸大小合适
suit:款式、风格、时间适合(合心意)
match:搭配,匹配(两者相配)
29、「改变」change /alter/vary /transform
change:通用,改变(大小、状态,可大可小)
Our hometown has changed greatly.
alter:局部改动,修改(衣服、计划,本质不变)
alter a plan 修改计划
vary:(使)变化、各不相同;强调有差异、多样化
Opinions vary from person to person. 观点因人而异。
transform:彻底改造,使发生质变
transform our life 改变我们的生活
30、「指责;批评」blame /scold/accuse
blame:责备;be to blame (for) 该受责备(高考高频,主动表被动)
He is to blame for the mistake.
scold:责骂,训斥(长辈对晚辈)
accuse:指控、指责;accuse sb of sth 指责某人某事
31、「对待;处理」treat /handle/deal with
treat:对待;治疗;款待;treat sb well;treat…as… 把… 当作
handle:处理、操纵(问题、机器,vt 直接接宾语)
handle difficult problems
deal with:处理;对付;论述(不及物,必须加 with)
know how to deal with stress
考点:what to do(不加 with);how to deal with
32、「怀疑;不信任」question /suspect/doubt
question(vt.):质疑,对… 表示怀疑(对观点、决定提出疑问)
question his decision
suspect:猜想怀疑(认为是真的)suspect sb of doing 怀疑某人做了
doubt:怀疑(认为未必真实)
33、「放弃」abandon /give up /desert
give up:普通,放弃;give up doing
abandon:抛弃、舍弃(物、计划;情感上彻底丢下)
abandon the plan
desert:遗弃(人);逃离;擅离岗位
desert one’s family 抛弃家人
34、「请求;要求」request /demand/require /beg
request:请求(礼貌正式)request sb to do
demand:强烈要求;(主语事物)需要;不能接 sb to do
demand that …(should) do
require:需要;要求;require sb to do;require that…(should) do
The job requires patience.
beg:乞求,恳求 beg sb to do
易错:demand sb to do ❌️ 错误结构
35、「保护;防御」protect /defend/guard
protect:保护,使不受伤害;protect…from/against…
protect children from danger
defend:防御;辩护;捍卫(权利、祖国)defend oneself 为自己辩护
guard:守卫、警戒(看守,防止外来侵害)guard the gate
36、「回报;报答」reward /award
reward vt./n.:回报、酬谢(因付出、做好事得到回报)
reward sb for sth 因… 酬谢某人
award vt./n.:授予、颁发(奖项、奖金)
award sb a prize 授予某人奖项
超级高频完形辨析!
37、「逃跑;逃离」flee /escape
escape:逃脱;避开;escape from;escape doing sth 逃过…
escape punishment 逃过惩罚
flee:仓皇逃跑(因危险灾难)flee from the fire
38、「禁止;阻止」forbid /ban/prevent /stop
forbid:禁止;forbid sb to do /forbid doing(个人、规则禁止)
ban:官方明令禁止 ban sth /ban sb from doing
prevent / stop:阻止;prevent/stop sb (from) doing sth
prevent 中 from 不能省的被动:be prevented from doing
39、「搜索;寻找」search /search for /hunt
search + 地点:搜查某地(搜这个地方里面)
search the room
search for + 目标:寻找某物 / 某人
search for the missing key
hunt:搜寻;打猎 hunt for jobs 找工作
40、「证实;证明」prove /confirm
prove:证明;prove (to be)+adj/n 结果证明是(无被动!高考陷阱)
The task proved difficult.
confirm:证实,确认(消息、猜测)
confirm the news 证实消息
41、「建议」suggest /advise/recommend
suggest:建议;suggest doing;suggest that…(should) do;不能接 sb to do ❌️
advise:advise sb to do;advise doing 建议
recommend:推荐;recommend sb to do;recommend sth 推荐某物
易错:suggest sb to do 错误!
42、「占据;接管」occupy /take over
occupy:占据时间、空间;be occupied with/in doing 忙于
take over:接管,接手(公司、职位)
43、「爆发;发生」break out /happen/occur /take place
全部无被动!
happen:偶然发生
occur:发生;(想法)突然想到;sth occur to sb 某人突然想到
take place:有计划地发生、举办(活动)
break out:(战争、火灾)爆发
44、「减少;降低」reduce /decrease/cut
reduce(vt.):人为减少;降低;reduce costs
decrease(vi./vt.):(数量)下降,变少(可自然下降)
The number decreased.
cut:削减;cut down 砍倒;削减
45、「增加」increase /raise/add
increase:数量增加(vi/vt)increase by 增加了;increase to 增加到
raise(vt.):人为提高(工资、价格)
add:增加;add…to… 把… 加到;add up to 总计达
46、「道歉;原谅」apologize /forgive/excuse
apologize:道歉;apologize to sb for sth
forgive:原谅(过错)forgive sb for doing
excuse:原谅(小过失);excuse me;excuse sb for sth
47、「祝贺;庆祝」congratulate /celebrate
congratulate:祝贺人;congratulate sb on sth
celebrate:庆祝节日、事件(宾语是事 / 节日,不能接人)
celebrate Christmas
48、「假装;扮演」pretend /act
pretend:假装;pretend to do /pretend that…
pretend to be asleep 假装睡着
act:行动;扮演;起作用
49、「回想;回忆」recall /remind/remember
recall:回忆起,回想 recall doing 回忆做过某事
remind:提醒;使想起;remind sb of sth 使某人想起某事;remind sb to do
remember:记得(基础)
50、「推迟;放弃;留出」set aside /put off
put off doing:推迟
set aside:留出(时间金钱);搁置;不理会
set aside some time 留出一些时间
51、「回报;归还」return /repay
return:返回;归还 return sth to sb
repay:偿还;报答 repay sb for sth
52、「出席;出现」appear /show up /turn up
appear:出现;似乎;appear to do
show up:露面,出现(口语)
turn up:出现;调大音量
53、「消失」disappear /vanish
disappear:消失(普通)
vanish:突然彻底消失
54、「认识;认出」recognize /admit
recognize:认出;承认(事实)
admit:承认;准许进入 admit doing;be admitted to 被录取
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