2027届高考英语 动词词义辨析清单

2026-10-13
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高考英语・动词词义辨析 1、「花费;耗费」spend /cost/take /pay spend 主语人;spend time/money (in) doing / on sth He spends two hours reading every day. cost 主语物 / 事;花费金钱;也可表示 “使丧失(生命)” The book cost me 20 yuan. take 主语常用 it;It takes sb + 时间 + to do(做某事花某人多久) It took me an hour to finish the task. pay 主语人;pay money for sth;pay(付钱,偿还) I paid 50 yuan for the shirt. 口诀:人 spend,物 cost,it take,人 pay 2、「获得;得到」get /gain/obtain /acquire/win get(通用,课本基础)得到、收到;get sth I got a letter yesterday. gain:逐步获得(经验、力量、优势、体重),侧重日积月累 gain experience /gain weight acquire:习得(知识、语言、习惯),高中阅读高频 acquire English skills obtain:正式,通过努力 / 申请获得(资料、许可) win:赢得(比赛、奖项、战争),宾语不能是人 win a prize /win the game 3、「说;讲」say /speak/tell /talk say:强调说话内容,say sth (to sb) He said he would come. speak:说某种语言;发言;不及物 “讲话” speak English /speak at the meeting tell:告诉;讲述;分辨;tell sb sth /tell a story /tell A from B talk:交谈,讨论;talk with/to sb;talk about sth 4、「借」borrow /lend/keep borrow 借入(向别人借进来,短暂动作)borrow sth from sb lend 借出(把东西借给别人,短暂动作)lend sth to sb keep 保留、保管;延续性动词,和时间段连用 You can keep the book for two weeks. 考点:完成时不能用 borrow/lend,要用 keep 5、「接受;收到」receive /accept receive:收到(客观动作,不一定收下) I received a gift but didn’t accept it. accept:主观接受,同意接纳 6、「提升;提高」raise /rise/arise /arouse 高考超级高频!分清及物 / 不及物 raise(vt. 及物):举起;筹集;抚养;提高(人为) raise one’s hand, raise money, raise prices rise(vi. 不及物,rose/risen):自然上升,上涨(物自己升) The sun rises. Prices rise. arise(vi.,arose/arisen):(问题、困难)出现、产生 Problems arise when we work together. arouse(vt.):唤起(兴趣、情绪、怀疑) arouse interest 唤起兴趣 7、「控制;管理」manage /control/run manage:设法做成;管理;manage to do(成功做成) control:控制,支配 run:经营,运营(店铺、工厂),课本完形高频 run a company 8、「尝试;努力」try /attempt/manage try to do 尽力去做(不一定成功) try doing 试着做(试一试方法) attempt to do 试图(正式,常暗含失败) manage to do 设法成功做成(高考重点!) 9、「伤害;损伤」hurt /injure/wound /harm/damage /destroy/ruin hurt:疼痛;情感 / 身体受伤(可轻可重) My leg hurts. hurt one’s feelings 伤感情 injure:意外事故受伤(车祸、摔倒) wound:刀枪、战斗伤口(战争、武器所伤) harm:危害,损害(抽象:健康、权益)do harm to damage:损坏,可修复(物品受损) The storm damaged the house. destroy:彻底摧毁,难以修复 ruin:毁灭;糟蹋;废墟;强调慢慢毁掉 ruin one’s holiday 毁掉假期 10、「说服;建议」persuade /advise persuade sb to do:说服(成功说服) advise sb to do:建议(不一定听从) 陷阱:advise ≠ persuade 11、「记得;忘记;遗憾」remember /forget/regret remember to do 记得要去做(未做) remember doing 记得做过(已做完) forget to do 忘记要做;forget doing 忘记做过 regret to do 遗憾地要告知(I regret to tell you…) regret doing 后悔做了某事 12、「停止;继续」stop /go on /continue stop to do 停下来去做另一件事 stop doing 停止正在做的事 go on to do 接着做另一件 go on doing 继续做同一件 13、「选择」choose /select/pick choose:普通选择 choose to do select:精选,挑选(筛选) pick:随手挑选;采摘 pick apples 14、「怀疑;猜想」doubt /suspect doubt:怀疑(认为未必真实,否定 / 疑问常用 that,肯定 whether) I doubt whether he will come. suspect:怀疑(认为很可能是真的;怀疑某人犯罪) I suspect he lied. 15、「比较」compare /contrast compare A with B:把 A 和 B对比(找异同) compare A to B:把 A比作B(比喻) contrast:对照,强调差异 16、「忽视;忽略」ignore /neglect/overlook ignore:故意不理睬,无视 neglect:疏忽,怠慢(该做没做) overlook:俯瞰;没注意到,忽略(无意漏掉) 17、「坚持」insist /stick to insist:坚持说(观点,that 陈述);坚决要求(that 虚拟 (should) do) insist on doing 坚持做 stick to(to 是介词!)坚持(原则、计划)stick to the plan 18、「提供」offer /provide/supply offer sb sth = offer sth to sb 主动提供 offer to do 主动提出做 provide sb with sth = provide sth for sb 提供(所需物品) supply sb with sth = supply sth to sb 供应(大批量补给) 19、「推迟;延迟」delay /postpone/put off put off(短语动词,高考最常考)put off doing 推迟 delay:耽搁、延误(意外造成)delay doing postpone:延期(人为安排改时间) 20、「认出;识别」recognize /realize/know recognize:认出(原来认识,现在认出来) realize:意识到;实现(梦想)realize one’s dream know:认识,了解(延续状态) 21、「包含」contain /include contain:里面装有;容纳;包含(整体内含成分) The box contains books. include:包括(列举部分),常用 including /included Ten students attended, including me. 22、「影响」affect /influence/effect affect (vt.) 影响;使感动;(疾病)侵袭 The weather affects our plan. influence (v./n.) 潜移默化影响(思想性格) effect 大多作名词:have an effect on 对… 产生影响 23、「参加」join /join in /take part in /attend join:加入(团体、组织、人)join the army /join sb join in:参加小型活动(游戏、谈话) take part in:参加大型活动、比赛(并发挥作用) attend:出席(会议、课、典礼)attend class/meeting 24、「反映;思考」reflect /consider reflect:反射;反思 reflect on sth consider:考虑 consider doing;认为 consider sb (as)… 25、「逃避;避免」avoid /escape avoid doing 避免(刻意躲开) escape:逃跑;escape doing 逃过(惩罚、灾难) 26、「承诺;允许」promise /permit/allow promise sb to do 承诺(主语自己要做) permit /allow sb to do 允许某人做;permit 更正式 27、「占据;花费」occupy /cover occupy:占据(时间 / 空间;占领)be occupied in doing 忙于 cover:覆盖;行走(路程);报道;支付费用 cover 50 kilometers 走 50 公里 28、「适合」fit /suit/match fit:尺寸大小合适 suit:款式、风格、时间适合(合心意) match:搭配,匹配(两者相配) 29、「改变」change /alter/vary /transform change:通用,改变(大小、状态,可大可小) Our hometown has changed greatly. alter:局部改动,修改(衣服、计划,本质不变) alter a plan 修改计划 vary:(使)变化、各不相同;强调有差异、多样化 Opinions vary from person to person. 观点因人而异。 transform:彻底改造,使发生质变 transform our life 改变我们的生活 30、「指责;批评」blame /scold/accuse blame:责备;be to blame (for) 该受责备(高考高频,主动表被动) He is to blame for the mistake. scold:责骂,训斥(长辈对晚辈) accuse:指控、指责;accuse sb of sth 指责某人某事 31、「对待;处理」treat /handle/deal with treat:对待;治疗;款待;treat sb well;treat…as… 把… 当作 handle:处理、操纵(问题、机器,vt 直接接宾语) handle difficult problems deal with:处理;对付;论述(不及物,必须加 with) know how to deal with stress 考点:what to do(不加 with);how to deal with 32、「怀疑;不信任」question /suspect/doubt question(vt.):质疑,对… 表示怀疑(对观点、决定提出疑问) question his decision suspect:猜想怀疑(认为是真的)suspect sb of doing 怀疑某人做了 doubt:怀疑(认为未必真实) 33、「放弃」abandon /give up /desert give up:普通,放弃;give up doing abandon:抛弃、舍弃(物、计划;情感上彻底丢下) abandon the plan desert:遗弃(人);逃离;擅离岗位 desert one’s family 抛弃家人 34、「请求;要求」request /demand/require /beg request:请求(礼貌正式)request sb to do demand:强烈要求;(主语事物)需要;不能接 sb to do demand that …(should) do require:需要;要求;require sb to do;require that…(should) do The job requires patience. beg:乞求,恳求 beg sb to do 易错:demand sb to do ❌️ 错误结构 35、「保护;防御」protect /defend/guard protect:保护,使不受伤害;protect…from/against… protect children from danger defend:防御;辩护;捍卫(权利、祖国)defend oneself 为自己辩护 guard:守卫、警戒(看守,防止外来侵害)guard the gate 36、「回报;报答」reward /award reward vt./n.:回报、酬谢(因付出、做好事得到回报) reward sb for sth 因… 酬谢某人 award vt./n.:授予、颁发(奖项、奖金) award sb a prize 授予某人奖项 超级高频完形辨析! 37、「逃跑;逃离」flee /escape escape:逃脱;避开;escape from;escape doing sth 逃过… escape punishment 逃过惩罚 flee:仓皇逃跑(因危险灾难)flee from the fire 38、「禁止;阻止」forbid /ban/prevent /stop forbid:禁止;forbid sb to do /forbid doing(个人、规则禁止) ban:官方明令禁止 ban sth /ban sb from doing prevent / stop:阻止;prevent/stop sb (from) doing sth prevent 中 from 不能省的被动:be prevented from doing 39、「搜索;寻找」search /search for /hunt search + 地点:搜查某地(搜这个地方里面) search the room search for + 目标:寻找某物 / 某人 search for the missing key hunt:搜寻;打猎 hunt for jobs 找工作 40、「证实;证明」prove /confirm prove:证明;prove (to be)+adj/n 结果证明是(无被动!高考陷阱) The task proved difficult. confirm:证实,确认(消息、猜测) confirm the news 证实消息 41、「建议」suggest /advise/recommend suggest:建议;suggest doing;suggest that…(should) do;不能接 sb to do ❌️ advise:advise sb to do;advise doing 建议 recommend:推荐;recommend sb to do;recommend sth 推荐某物 易错:suggest sb to do 错误! 42、「占据;接管」occupy /take over occupy:占据时间、空间;be occupied with/in doing 忙于 take over:接管,接手(公司、职位) 43、「爆发;发生」break out /happen/occur /take place 全部无被动! happen:偶然发生 occur:发生;(想法)突然想到;sth occur to sb 某人突然想到 take place:有计划地发生、举办(活动) break out:(战争、火灾)爆发 44、「减少;降低」reduce /decrease/cut reduce(vt.):人为减少;降低;reduce costs decrease(vi./vt.):(数量)下降,变少(可自然下降) The number decreased. cut:削减;cut down 砍倒;削减 45、「增加」increase /raise/add increase:数量增加(vi/vt)increase by 增加了;increase to 增加到 raise(vt.):人为提高(工资、价格) add:增加;add…to… 把… 加到;add up to 总计达 46、「道歉;原谅」apologize /forgive/excuse apologize:道歉;apologize to sb for sth forgive:原谅(过错)forgive sb for doing excuse:原谅(小过失);excuse me;excuse sb for sth 47、「祝贺;庆祝」congratulate /celebrate congratulate:祝贺人;congratulate sb on sth celebrate:庆祝节日、事件(宾语是事 / 节日,不能接人) celebrate Christmas 48、「假装;扮演」pretend /act pretend:假装;pretend to do /pretend that… pretend to be asleep 假装睡着 act:行动;扮演;起作用 49、「回想;回忆」recall /remind/remember recall:回忆起,回想 recall doing 回忆做过某事 remind:提醒;使想起;remind sb of sth 使某人想起某事;remind sb to do remember:记得(基础) 50、「推迟;放弃;留出」set aside /put off put off doing:推迟 set aside:留出(时间金钱);搁置;不理会 set aside some time 留出一些时间 51、「回报;归还」return /repay return:返回;归还 return sth to sb repay:偿还;报答 repay sb for sth 52、「出席;出现」appear /show up /turn up appear:出现;似乎;appear to do show up:露面,出现(口语) turn up:出现;调大音量 53、「消失」disappear /vanish disappear:消失(普通) vanish:突然彻底消失 54、「认识;认出」recognize /admit recognize:认出;承认(事实) admit:承认;准许进入 admit doing;be admitted to 被录取 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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2027届高考英语 动词词义辨析清单
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2027届高考英语 动词词义辨析清单
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2027届高考英语 动词词义辨析清单
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