感叹句专项构成与基本用法专项训练 2026-2027学年人教版英语八年级上册

2026-10-13
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初二英语语法专项· 感叹句·Unit 5 适用:八年级(上) 满分:80 分 建议用时:45 分钟 一、用 What (a/an) 或 how 填空(12 小题 × 1 分 = 12 分) 1.__________ clever boy he is! 2.__________ nice the flowers smell! 3.We saw a baby panda at the zoo. __________ cute panda it is! 4.__________ amazing idea it is! 5.__________ wonderful memories we have! 6.My sister runs every morning. __________ hard she trains for the race! 7.__________ beautiful the stars look tonight! 8.__________ quiet the library is! 9.The rain stops and the sun comes out. __________ lovely weather it is today! 10.__________ delicious this pancake tastes! 11.__________ carefully the girl draws the tiger! 12.__________ beautiful day it is! 【答案】1.What a 2.How 3.What a 4.What an 5.What 6.How 7.How 8.How 9.What 10.How 11.How 12.What a 【详解】判断用 what 还是 how,先看空后紧跟的是名词短语还是形容词、副词:紧跟名词短语用 what;紧跟形容词或副词、后面再接主语和谓语,用 how。 走名词短语这一路,还要多看一步,决定空里要不要连冠词一起补:空后是“形容词 + 单数可数名词”的,可数名词单数前面必须加不定冠词,要把冠词一并补上——形容词以辅音音素开头的用 a(第 1 题的 clever boy、第 3 题的 cute panda、第 12 题的 beautiful day,都填 What a),以元音音素开头的用 an(第 4 题的 amazing idea,填 What an)。 第 5 题空后是“形容词 + 复数名词”(wonderful memories),复数名词前不加冠词,仍只填 What;第 9 题空后是“形容词 + 不可数名词”(lovely weather),weather 不可数,同样只填 What。 第 2、7、8、10 题空后都是形容词,第 6、11 题空后是副词(hard / carefully),谓语跟在主语之后,一律用 How。 最容易错的是看见 delicious、nice 这类形容词就写 what:先看形容词后面有没有名词——有名词才是 what;再看这个名词是可数单数、复数还是不可数,可数单数还要决定补不补 a / an。形容词、副词后面直接跟主语和谓语的,就用 how。 二、单项选择(8 小题 × 2.5 分 = 20 分) 1.________ nice weekend it is! We can go hiking together. A.What B.What a C.What an D.How 【答案】B 【详解】句意:多么美好的一个周末啊!我们可以一起去远足。 空后是"形容词 + 可数名词单数"的名词短语 nice weekend,中心词是名词,用 what;weekend 是可数名词单数,前面必须加不定冠词,nice 以辅音音素 /n/ 开头,用 a,所以是 What a。 A 少了冠词,可数名词单数不能单独使用;C 的 an 只用在以元音音素开头的词前面;D 的 How 后面要接形容词或副词,不能直接跟名词短语。 2. —Tom won the maths competition last week. —Really? ________ excellent student he is! A.What a B.How C.How an D.What an 【答案】D 【详解】句意:——汤姆上周赢了数学竞赛。——真的吗?他真是个出色的学生! 这里 student 是可数名词单数;空后是"形容词 + 可数名词单数"的名词短语,用 what 并补上不定冠词,excellent 以元音音素 /e/ 开头,用 an,所以是 What an。 A 的 a 不能用在以元音音素开头的词前面;B、C 用 how,how 后面不能直接跟名词短语,C 还在 how 后面加了冠词,搭配不成立。 3. —My cousin plays basketball every day. —Yes. ________ he plays! A.How good B.What good C.How well D.What a good 【答案】C 【详解】句意:——我表哥每天打篮球。——是啊,他打得可真好! 空后是主语 he 和谓语 plays,修饰动词 plays 要用副词 well,所以是 How well。 A 的 good 是形容词,形容词不能修饰动词 plays;B、D 用 what,what 后面必须跟名词短语,而 good 是形容词,D 还多加了冠词 a。 4. —My grandpa learned to cook noodles at the age of seventy! —________! It's never too late to learn. A.How clever he is B.What clever he is C.What a clever he is D.How a clever he is 【答案】A 【详解】句意:——我爷爷七十岁学会做面条了!——他真聪明!活到老学到老。 clever 是形容词,后面跟着主语 he 和谓语 is,用 how 感叹形容词,写成 How clever he is。 B 用 what,而 clever 是形容词,what 后面必须接名词短语;C 加了冠词 a,但冠词后面仍然要跟名词,clever 不是名词,搭配落空;D 在 how 后面加了冠词,how 后面直接跟形容词或副词。 5. —Look at the photos from our trip to the beach! —Wow! ________! I want to go there too. A.How a nice they look B.What a nice they look C.How nice they look D.What nice they look 【答案】C 【详解】句意:——看我们海边旅行拍的照片!——哇!它们看起来真不错! nice 是形容词,后面跟着主语 they 和谓语 look,用 how 感叹形容词,写成 How nice they look。 A 在 how 后面加了冠词,how 后面直接跟形容词或副词,不能加冠词;B 用 what,加了冠词 a 却把名词漏掉了,冠词后面必须跟名词;D 用 what 直接跟形容词,what 后面必须接名词短语。 6. —Guess what? Aunt Mary is coming to see us this weekend! —Really? ________! I haven't seen her for two years. A.What an nice surprise B.What a nice surprise C.How nice surprise D.How a nice surprise 【答案】B 【详解】句意:——你猜怎么着?玛丽姨妈这个周末要来看我们!——真的吗?真是个惊喜!我两年没见她了。 surprise 在这里是可数名词,指“一件让人惊喜的事”;nice surprise 是“形容词 + 可数名词单数”的名词短语,用 what 并补上不定冠词;冠词跟着紧跟其后的 nice 走,nice 以辅音音素 /n/ 开头,用 a,所以是 What a nice surprise。 A 的 an 只用在以元音音素开头的词前面,这里紧跟着冠词的是 nice,要用 a;C 用 how,how 后面不能直接跟名词短语,而且漏了冠词;D 同样用错了感叹词,还在 how 后面加了冠词。 7. —Listen! My brother is practising the violin next door. —________ beautiful music it is! I can listen to it all day. A.How B.What an C.How an D.What 【答案】D 【详解】句意:——听!我哥哥在隔壁练小提琴。——这音乐真美!我可以听一整天。 music 是不可数名词,前面不能加 a / an;空后是"形容词 + 不可数名词"的名词短语 beautiful music,只填 What。 A 的 How 后面要接形容词或副词,不能直接跟名词短语;B、C 都给不可数名词加了冠词 an,搭配不成立。 8.What ________ great game it was! We won! A.a B.an C.the D./ 【答案】A 【详解】句意:多棒的一场比赛啊!我们赢了! game 是可数名词单数,前面要用不定冠词;great 以辅音音素 /g/ 开头,用 a,所以是 a。 B 的 an 只用在以元音音素开头的词前面;C 的 the 表示特指,而这里是第一次提到,不指哪一场特定的比赛;D 不加冠词时,可数名词单数不能单独使用。 三、把下列句子改为感叹句(10 小题 × 1 分 = 10 分) 1.The sea looks calm today.(how) 2.It is a useful app.(what) 3.The little dog looks friendly.(how) 4.The fireworks are beautiful.(what) 5.He cleans the classroom very carefully.(how) 6.It is exciting news.(what) 7.The song sounds sweet.(how) 8.The bedroom is in a mess.(what) 9.The students work hard.(how) 10.My uncle has a very expensive bike.(what) 【答案】1.How calm the sea looks today! 2.What a useful app it is! 3.How friendly the little dog looks! 4.What beautiful fireworks they are! 5.How carefully he cleans the classroom! 6.What exciting news it is! 7.How sweet the song sounds! 8.What a mess the bedroom is! 9.How hard the students work! 10.What an expensive bike my uncle has! 【详解】1.look 是系动词,后面要接形容词 calm,括号里给的是 how,直接写成"how + 形容词 + 主语 + 谓语"。 2.a useful app 是"冠词 + 形容词 + 单数可数名词",用 what,句式是 what + 名词短语 + 主语 + 谓语,it 要保留。 3.空后是系动词 looks,friendly 是表语,用 how;主语是单数 the little dog,谓语用 looks。 4.fireworks 是复数名词,形容词 beautiful 直接放在前面,不加 a,用人称代词 they 代替 the fireworks。 5.修饰动词 cleans 要用副词 carefully,用 how 感叹时副词紧跟 how,程度副词 very 不再保留。 6.news 不可数,不加 a / an,写成 what + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + 主语 + 谓语。 7.sounds 是系动词,后面接形容词 sweet,用 how。 8."in a mess"表示"乱糟糟的",改写成"what a mess + 主语 + 谓语"时,介词 in 不保留。 9.hard 修饰动词 work,用副词形式,主语是复数 the students,谓语用 work。 10.my uncle 是主语,谓语是 has,改写时照抄,不能套用 it is;a very expensive bike 是“冠词 + 形容词 + 单数可数名词”,用 what;expensive 以元音音素 /ɪ/ 开头,名词前要补 an;very 是程度副词,不保留,写成 What an expensive bike my uncle has! 四、句型转换(3 小题 × 2 分 = 6 分) 1.It is an exciting concert.(改为感叹句,用 what 开头) 2.How lovely the trees are!(用 what 改写为同义句) 3.What a wonderful film we saw!(改为陈述句) 【答案】1.What an exciting concert it is! 2.What lovely trees they are! 3.We saw a wonderful film. 【详解】1.concert 是可数名词单数,改写时 what 后面要补上冠词 an,原来的主语 it 保留,谓语 is 照写。 2.把 how 感叹形容词改成用 what 感叹名词短语:形容词 lovely 移到名词 trees 前面,原来的主语 the trees 要换成相应的人称代词 they,避免重复,写成 What lovely trees they are! 3.感叹句去掉 what 和感叹号后剩下的"主语 + 谓语"就是原句,即 We saw a wonderful film。 五、翻译句子(6 小题 × 2 分 = 12 分) 1.空气多么清新啊! 2.这个故事多么有趣啊! 3.他钢琴弹得多么好啊! 4.他们昨天玩得多么开心啊! 5.时间过得真快啊! 6.这个公园多么漂亮啊! 【答案】1.How fresh the air is! 2.What an interesting story it is! / How interesting the story is! 3.How well he plays the piano! 4.How happy they were yesterday! / What a good time they had yesterday! 5.How quickly time flies! / How time flies! 6.How beautiful the park is! / What a beautiful park it is! 【详解】1."多么清新"是在感叹形容词,用 how,句式是 how + 形容词 + 主语 + 谓语,主语 the air 是不可数名词,谓语用 is。 2.两种表达都对:story 是可数名词单数,用 what 时要加 an(interesting 以元音音素开头),后面接 it is;直接用 how 感叹形容词时,主语换成 the story。 3."钢琴弹得好"说的是琴技,修饰动词 plays 要用副词 well,不能写成 good。 4."玩得开心"既可以感叹自己的感受(How happy they were),也可以用"what a good time"指那段时间;昨天的事要用过去式 were / had。 5."过得快"修饰动词 flies,用副词 quickly;教材中也常说 How time flies!,两种都对。 6.感叹形容词 beautiful 用 how,主语是 the park,谓语用 is;若用 what,则写成 what a beautiful park it is。 六、看图写句(5 小题 × 2 分 = 10 分) 1.what, big 【答案】What a big cake it is! 【详解】图里是一个很大的多层生日蛋糕,cake 是可数名词单数,名词短语 big cake 前面要带不定冠词,所以写成 What a big cake it is!。句末用感叹号;后面的 it 指代 the cake,不能省掉。 2.what, wonderful 【答案】What wonderful dishes they are! 【详解】图里是一桌摆了多道菜的饭,名词用可数名词复数 dishes。复数名词前不加 a / an,形容词 wonderful 直接放在名词前面,人称代词用 they,写成 What wonderful dishes they are!。最容易错的是写成 What a wonderful dishes…,复数名词前多了冠词,搭配不成立。 3.how, delicious 【答案】How delicious the soup smells! 【详解】图里一碗热汤冒着热气,正是“闻起来香”的场景。smell 在这里是系动词,后面接形容词 delicious;用 how 感叹形容词,句式是 how + 形容词 + 主语 + 谓语,主语 the soup 是单数,谓语用 smells。这一句不能写 what,因为 what 后面必须跟名词短语。 4.how, quickly, cut 【答案】How quickly the boy cuts the vegetables! / How quickly he cuts the vegetables! 【详解】图里的弧线表示切得快,修饰动词 cut 要用副词 quickly,用 how 感叹副词,写成 how + 副词 + 主语 + 谓语。主语写 the boy 或 he 都可以,要注意第三人称单数谓语用 cuts。写成 How quick… 就用了形容词,形容词不能修饰动词 cut。 5.how, fresh 【答案】How fresh the vegetables are! / How fresh these vegetables are! 【详解】图里的西红柿、胡萝卜带着水珠,很新鲜。fresh 是形容词,后面跟主语 the vegetables 和谓语 are,用 how,蔬菜是可数名词复数,be 动词用 are。这一句也可以改用 what 说成 What fresh vegetables they are!,但题后给的是 how,按 how 的句式写更稳妥。 七、语篇填空(10 小题 × 1 分 = 10 分) 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个适当的词或用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。 Last Sunday was my grandmother's birthday. My mother and I made a big dinner for her. We got up early 1. __________ the morning. First, we washed the tomatoes and cut them into pieces. Then my mother taught me how to make tomato soup. 2. __________ delicious the soup tasted! At noon, my father came back 3. __________ a big cake. 4. __________ a lovely cake it was! There were twelve 5. __________ (candle) on it. In the evening, we sat around the table and shared the 6. __________ (dish). 7. __________ wonderful the meal was! My grandmother smiled and said, "8. __________ happy I am today!" After dinner, we took a lot of photos. 9. __________ a wonderful day we had! Now I know that food can bring a family together. 10. __________ lucky I am to have such a family! 【答案】1.in 2.How 3.with 4.What 5.candles 6.dishes 7.How 8.How 9.What 10.How 【详解】1."在早上"用固定搭配 in the morning,填介词 in。 2.delicious 是形容词,后面跟着主语 the soup 和谓语 tasted,用 how 感叹。 3."带着"某样东西回来用 come back with sth.,填介词 with。 4.a lovely cake 是"冠词 + 形容词 + 单数可数名词"的名词短语,用 what 感叹。 5.twelve 后面接可数名词复数,candle 变成 candles。 6."分享饭菜"时 dish 表示"一道菜",是可数名词,前面有 the 且指多道菜,用复数 dishes。 7.wonderful 是形容词,主语 the meal、谓语 was 都在后面,用 how。 8.happy 是形容词,主语 I、谓语 am 跟在后面,用 how。 9.a wonderful day 是名词短语,用 what 感叹。 10.lucky 是形容词,后面是主语 I 和谓语 am,用 how。 本篇十空里六空考感叹词:先看空后紧跟的是名词短语还是形容词或副词——名词短语用 what,形容词、副词用 how;另外第 1、3 两空不给提示词,要靠 in the morning 和 come back with sth. 这两个固定搭配判断,第 5、6 两空按可数名词复数的规则变化形式。 1 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $ 初二英语语法专项· 感叹句·Unit 5 适用:八年级(上) 满分:80 分 建议用时:45 分钟 一、用 What (a/an) 或 how 填空(12 小题 × 1 分 = 12 分) 1.__________ clever boy he is! 2.__________ nice the flowers smell! 3.We saw a baby panda at the zoo. __________ cute panda it is! 4.__________ amazing idea it is! 5.__________ wonderful memories we have! 6.My sister runs every morning. __________ hard she trains for the race! 7.__________ beautiful the stars look tonight! 8.__________ quiet the library is! 9.The rain stops and the sun comes out. __________ lovely weather it is today! 10.__________ delicious this pancake tastes! 11.__________ carefully the girl draws the tiger! 12.__________ beautiful day it is! 二、单项选择(8 小题 × 2.5 分 = 20 分) 1.________ nice weekend it is! We can go hiking together. A.What B.What a C.What an D.How 2. —Tom won the maths competition last week. —Really? ________ excellent student he is! A.What a B.How C.How an D.What an 3. —My cousin plays basketball every day. —Yes. ________ he plays! A.How good B.What good C.How well D.What a good 4. —My grandpa learned to cook noodles at the age of seventy! —________! It's never too late to learn. A.How clever he is B.What clever he is C.What a clever he is D.How a clever he is 5. —Look at the photos from our trip to the beach! —Wow! ________! I want to go there too. A.How a nice they look B.What a nice they look C.How nice they look D.What nice they look 6. —Guess what? Aunt Mary is coming to see us this weekend! —Really? ________! I haven't seen her for two years. A.What an nice surprise B.What a nice surprise C.How nice surprise D.How a nice surprise 7. —Listen! My brother is practising the violin next door. —________ beautiful music it is! I can listen to it all day. A.How B.What an C.How an D.What 8.What ________ great game it was! We won! A.a B.an C.the D./ 三、把下列句子改为感叹句(10 小题 × 1 分 = 10 分) 1.The sea looks calm today.(how) 2.It is a useful app.(what) 3.The little dog looks friendly.(how) 4.The fireworks are beautiful.(what) 5.He cleans the classroom very carefully.(how) 6.It is exciting news.(what) 7.The song sounds sweet.(how) 8.The bedroom is in a mess.(what) 9.The students work hard.(how) 10.My uncle has a very expensive bike.(what) 四、句型转换(3 小题 × 2 分 = 6 分) 1.It is an exciting concert.(改为感叹句,用 what 开头) 2.How lovely the trees are!(用 what 改写为同义句) 3.What a wonderful film we saw!(改为陈述句) 五、翻译句子(6 小题 × 2 分 = 12 分) 1.空气多么清新啊! 2.这个故事多么有趣啊! 3.他钢琴弹得多么好啊! 4.他们昨天玩得多么开心啊! 5.时间过得真快啊! 6.这个公园多么漂亮啊! 六、看图写句(5 小题 × 2 分 = 10 分) 1.what, big 2.what, wonderful 3.how, delicious 4.how, quickly, cut 5.how, fresh 七、语篇填空(10 小题 × 1 分 = 10 分) 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个适当的词或用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。 Last Sunday was my grandmother's birthday. My mother and I made a big dinner for her. We got up early 1. __________ the morning. First, we washed the tomatoes and cut them into pieces. Then my mother taught me how to make tomato soup. 2. __________ delicious the soup tasted! At noon, my father came back 3. __________ a big cake. 4. __________ a lovely cake it was! There were twelve 5. __________ (candle) on it. In the evening, we sat around the table and shared the 6. __________ (dish). 7. __________ wonderful the meal was! My grandmother smiled and said, "8. __________ happy I am today!" After dinner, we took a lot of photos. 9. __________ a wonderful day we had! Now I know that food can bring a family together. 10. __________ lucky I am to have such a family! 1 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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感叹句专项构成与基本用法专项训练 2026-2027学年人教版英语八年级上册
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