Unit 4 Stage and Screen单词小测 2026-2027学年高中英语外研版必修第二册

外研社高中英语新教材必修第二册 Unit 4单词小测 1、 词性转换 1. _________ v.作(曲)→_________n.作曲者；作曲家→_________n.成分；(音乐、艺术、诗歌的)作品 2. ________ adj.新颖的，创新的→________ n.革新，创新 3. _________ adj. 技术(上)的；技巧方面的→_________ adv. 技术上；工艺上→________ n.巧匠 4. _________ adj.清晰的；明显不同的→_________ n. 差别；区分 二、词块翻译 1. 民间故事 __________________ 2. set... in motion __________________  3. wire fence __________________  4. 展出，陈列 __________________ 5. 苏醒过来；变得活跃 __________________ 6. 为了做某事 __________________ 7. go deeper into __________________  8. 使显现，使表现出 __________________ 9. label... as __________________  10. 对……不熟悉 __________________ 11. 期待意外的惊喜 __________________ 12. pass down through the generations __________________ 三、阅读理解 （一） Today, the most frightening living shark is the great white, which is over six meters long and bites with a force of two tonnes. Its fossil relative, Megalodon that lived about 2.3 to 3.6 million years ago, was over twice the length of a great white shark and had a bite force of more than ten tonnes. Jack Cooper and his team used a number of mathematical methods to find out the size and proportions(比例)of this monster, by making close comparisons with a variety of living relatives that have certain similarities to Megalodon. He said, “I have always been mad about sharks. Megalodon was actually the very animal that inspired me to pursue palaeontology, the study of fossils as a guide to the history of life on earth, in the first place when I was just six years old, so I was over the moon to get a chance to study it. This was my dream project.” Previously the fossil shark, known formally as Otodus megalodon, was only compared with the great white. Jack and his colleagues, for the first time, expanded this analysis to include five modern sharks. “Megalodon is not a direct ancestor of the great white and is equally related to several modern sharks such as the salmon shark, as well as the great white. We collected detailed measurements of all five to make predictions about Megalodon.” Dr. Pimiento said. The researchers discovered that the babies of all these modern sharks start out as little adults, and they don’t change in proportion as they get larger. Jack Cooper said, “This means we could simply take the growth curves(生长曲线) of the five modern forms and forecast the overall shape as they get larger and larger, right up to a body length of 16 meters.” The results suggest that a 16-meter-long Megalodon likely had a head round 4.65 meters long, a fin about 1.62 meters tall on the back and a tail around 3.85 meters high. The reconstruction of the size of Megalodon’s body parts represents a fundamental step towards a better understanding of this huge extinct shark. 1. What does the underlined phrase “over the moon” in Paragraph 2 mean? A. Very excited. B. A bit hesitant. C. Really stressed. D. Totally unprepared. 2. What was special about the new study led by Jack Cooper? A. It proved the real existence of Megalodon. B. It was based on data from five types of modern sharks. C. It was aimed at finding the direct ancestor of the great white. D. It compared Megalodon with the great white for the first time. 3. What did the researcher find about Megalodon? A. Their bite force was equal to the great white’s. B. Their body proportions changed during growth. C. Their fin on the back could be as tall as an adult woman. D. Their babies had the same body length as modern baby sharks. 4. What is the text mainly about? A. A shark lover and his research team. B. A study on the body size of Megalodon. C. Different opinions on the body length of Megalodon. D. The relation between Megalodon and modern sharks. （二） Rain is vital to life on Earth. However, rain isn’t just made of water anymore—it’s partly made of plastic. Millions of tiny pieces of plastic, called microplastics, are wandering around Earth’s atmosphere and traveling across entire continents, according to a study published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on April 12. Another study, published in the journal Science in June 2020, has revealed that every year more than 1,000 tons of the particles (颗粒)—equivalent to over 120 million plastic bottles—fall in rain. Microplastics are plastic particles less than 5 millimeters in diameter (直径) and come from a number of sources. Plastic bags and bottles released into the environment break down into smaller and smaller bits. Some microplastics are manufactured deliberately to provide abrasion (研磨) in a host of products, such as toothpaste and cleansers, according to the Daily Mail. Another major source is your washing machine. When you wash synthetic (合成的) clothing, tiny microfibers get flushed (冲掉) away with the wastewater. Even though the water is treated by a wastewater plant, the microplastics remain, and they are released into the sea, according to American magazine Wired. Plastic rain may remind people of acid rain, but the former is far more widespread and harder to deal with. The tiny particles, too small to be seen with the naked eye, are collected by the wind from the ground. They are so light that they stay in the air to be blown around the globe. As they climb into the atmosphere, they are thought to act as nuclei (核心) around which water vapor (水蒸气) condenses (凝结) to form clouds. Some of the dust falls back to land in dry conditions, while the rest comes down as rain, according to the Daily Mail. Microplastics have been found everywhere you can imagine. From fish and frogs to mice and mosquitoes, their bodies have been found, on average, to contain 40 pieces of microplastic, reported Daily Mail. As the top of the food chain, humans are exposed to microplastics, too. “We live on a ball inside a bubble,” microplastic researcher Steve Allen at University of Strathclyde, Scotland, told Wired. “There are no borders, there are no edges. It (plastic rain) raining on the land and then getting blown back up into the air again, to move somewhere else. There’s no stopping it once it’s out.” 1. What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A. How microplastics should be handled. B. How microplastics are used widely. C. How microplastics pollute water. D. How microplastics come into being. 2. What do we know about microplastics? A. They are light and can be easily dealt with. B. They result in both acid rain and plastic rain. C. They have a diameter of at least 5 millimeters. D. They have nearly affected the whole food chain. 3. What do Steve Allen’s words mean in the last paragraph? A. No place is safe from microplastic pollution. B. The atmosphere possesses the capacity to self-cleanse. C. Countries should work together to fight plastic pollution. D. It is important to remove microplastics somewhere else. 4. What’s the main purpose of the article? A. To compare acid rain and plastic rain. B. To warn people of the dangers of microplastics. C. To call on people to reduce using plastic products. D. To introduce the sources and effects of microplastics. 参考答案： 一、词性转换 1.compose；composer；composition  2.innovative；innovation  3. technical；technically；technician  4. distinct；distinction 二、词块翻译 1. folk tale  2.使……开始  3.钢丝网，铁丝栅栏  4.on display  5.come to life/come alive  6.so as to do/in order to do  7.深入到……  8.bring out  9.(尤指不公正地)把……称为  10.(be) unfamiliar with  11.expect the unexpected  12.世代相传 三、阅读理解 （一） 1. A 2. B 3. C 4. B 【1题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第二段“He said, “I have always been mad about sharks. Megalodon was actually the very animal that inspired me to pursue palaeontology, the study of fossils as a guide to the history of life on earth, in the first place when I was just six years old, so I was over the moon to get a chance to study it. This was my dream project.”(他说：“我一直对鲨鱼很着迷。事实上，最开始在我六岁的时候，Megalodon激发了我去研究古生物学，化石研究是地球生命史的指南，因此，得到研究它的机会我over the moon，这是我的梦想项目。”)”可知，他终于有机会研究自己梦寐以求的项目，非常的激动，因此“over the moon”的意思是非常激动的。故选A项。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“Previously the fossil shark, known formally as Otodus megalodon was only compared with the great white. Jack and his colleagues, for the first time expanded this analysis to include five modern sharks. (在此之前，鲨鱼化石，官方名称为巨齿齿鲨，只与大白鲨相比较。杰克和他的同事们第一次将这一分析扩展到包括五种现代鲨鱼。)”可知，Jack Cooper领导的这项新研究的特别之处在于该研究基于五种现代鲨鱼的数据。故选B项。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“The results suggest that a 16-meter-long Megalodon likely had a head round 4.65 meters long, a fin about 1.62 meters tall on the back and a tail around 3.85 meters high. (结果表明，一头16米长的巨齿鲨的头可能有4.65米长，背鳍约1.62米高，尾巴约3.85米高。)”可知，研究人员发现巨齿鲨背上的鳍可以和成年人类一样高。故选C项。 【4题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第二段“Jack Cooper and his team used a number of mathematical methods to find out the size and proportions of this monster, by making close comparisons with a variety of living relatives that have certain similarities to Megalodon. (Jack Cooper和他的团队使用多种数学方法，通过与各种与Megalodon有某些相似之处的活着的亲属进行密切比较，找出了一些与Megalodon大小和比例相似的动物。)”，最后一段“The results suggest that a 16-meter-long Megalodon likely had a head round 4.65 meters long, a fin about 1.62 meters tall on the back and a tail around 3.85 meters high.”(结果表明，一头16米长的巨齿鲨的头可能有4.65米长，背鳍约1.62米高，尾巴约3.85米高)”，以及通读全文可知，文章主要对Megalodon的身体比例，长度进行了分析。故选B项。 （二） 1. D 2. D 3. A 4. D 【1题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第三自然段主题句“Microplastics are plastic particles less than 5 millimeters in diameter (直径) and come from a number of sources. (微塑料是指直径小于5毫米的塑料颗粒，有多种来源)”和下文提到的三种微塑料来源可推知，本段主要讲微塑料是怎么形成的。故选D项。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五自然段“Microplastics have been found everywhere you can imagine. From fish and frogs to mice and mosquitoes, their bodies have been found, on average, to contain 40 pieces of microplastic, reported Daily Mail. As the top of the food chain, humans are exposed to microplastics, too. (你能想象到的所有地方都有微塑料。据英国《每日邮报》报道，从鱼、青蛙到老鼠和蚊子，人们发现它们的尸体平均含有40片微塑料。作为食物链的顶端，人类也暴露在微塑料中)”可知，微塑料存在于整个生物食物链中。故选D项。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五自然段“‘We live on a ball inside a bubble, ’ microplastic researcher Steve Allen at University of Strathclyde, Scotland, told Wired. ‘There are no borders, there are no edges. It (plastic rain) raining on the land and then getting blown back up into the air again, to move somewhere else. There’s no stopping it once it’s out. ’(‘我们生活在一个气泡里的球上，’苏格兰斯特拉斯克莱德大学的微塑料研究员史蒂夫·艾伦告诉《连线》杂志。‘没有边界，没有边缘。它(塑料雨)落在地上，然后又被吹回到空中，转移到其他地方。它一旦出现就无法阻止了。’)” Steve Allen的话可推知，他认为微塑料造成的污染无法逃避，没有安全的地方。故选A项。 【4题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，本文用雨引出微塑料无处不在这一话题，第三自然段分析了微塑料的三个来源，四五自然段介绍它对生物的影响。由此可知，本文的主要目的是介绍微塑料的来源和影响。故选D项。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $