专题02 who、which和that引导的定语从句（期中复习讲义）九年级英语上学期新教材沪教版五四学制

专题02 who、which和that引导的定语从句（期中复习讲义） 01 复习目标锚定 02 核心考点精讲 03 限时分层演练 基础固本 / 综合进阶 复习目标 复习重点： 1. 关系代词who/whom/whose/which/that的基本用法与句法功能； 2. 先行词指人/指物时关系代词的选择规则； 3. 关系代词作主语时从句谓语的单复数一致； 4. 只用that不用which的情况（最高级、不定代词等）； 5. “介词+which/whom”结构的用法； 6. 定语从句与强调句、同位语从句的区分。 复习难点： 1. 关系代词作宾语时的省略规则与从句语序； 2. “one of+复数名词”作先行词时从句主谓一致； 3. 先行词既有人又有物时只用that的规则； 4. 介词+关系代词结构中介词的选择依据； 5. 区分定语从句与强调句型（It is...that...）； 6. 先行词被the only/the very/the same修饰时的关系词选择。 考情规律 词汇运用：侧重关系代词who/which/that的选择，以及从句谓语单复数一致。 语境运用：常结合先行词被最高级/the only修饰等特殊情况考查只用that的规则，以及介词+which结构。 写作运用：写作中用于合并简单句、丰富定语成分，提升句式复杂度，是高分作文必备的高级句式。 语法点1：关系代词who/which/that的基本用法 【知识精讲】 who/whom指人（who作主语，whom作宾语），which指物，that指人或物。 关系代词在定语从句中作主语或宾语：作主语时从句谓语单复数与先行词一致；作宾语时关系代词可以省略。 判断步骤：①找先行词（人/物）②分析从句缺少什么成分（主语/宾语）③选择合适的关系代词。 【限时训练】 1．The girl ________ is singing in the next room is my cousin. A．which B．who C．whom D．whose 2．This is the book ________ I bought yesterday. A．who B．what C．which D．whom 语法点2：只用that的情况与主谓一致 【知识精讲】 只用that不用which的情况： ①先行词被最高级、序数词修饰； ②先行词是all, everything, nothing, anything等不定代词； ③先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰； ④先行词既有人又有物。 主谓一致：one of+复数名词+定语从句，从句谓语用复数（修饰复数名词）；the only one of+复数名词+定语从句，从句谓语用单数（修饰the only one）。 【限时训练】 1．This is the best film ________ I have ever seen this year. A．which B．that C．who D．whom 2．He is one of the students who ________ late for class today. A．is B．are C．was D．be 语法点3：介词+关系代词与从句辨析 【知识精讲】 “介词+which/whom”结构：介词由从句中的动词搭配或句意决定。 指物用which，指人用whom。 如：the house in which Lu Xun lived = the house (that/which) Lu Xun lived in。 区分定语从句与强调句：强调句结构It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其余，去掉It is...that后句子仍然完整；定语从句去掉后主句不完整。 【限时训练】 1．The city in ________ he lives is far from here. A．that B．which C．where D．who 2．Is there anything ________ I can do for you? A．which B．that C．what D．who 基础固本练（限时：10分钟） 一、单项选择 1．Do you know the boy ________ is standing beside the shelf ________ holds different kinds of paintbrushes? A．who; which B．which; who C．whom; that D．that; where 2．If we count the things ________ money cannot buy, we will feel rich. A．who B．what C．that D．where 3．A graduation ceremony (典礼) is an event ________ takes place ________ students graduate from a school. A．that; which B．who; when C．which; whose D．which; when 4．—What kind of music do you prefer? —I prefer music ________ has great lyrics, ________ this folk song. A．who; for example B．which; such as C．that; for example D．what; such as 5．The school provides balanced meals ________ meet dietary guidelines. A．who B．what C．which D．whom 6．Anyone who is a server or ________ has been one knows that customers always come first. A．whom B．what C．who D．which 7．Marie Curie is one of the greatest scientists ________ the world has ever seen. A．what B．where C．that D．when 8．The hero ________ Tom looked up to most was Robin Hood. A．which B．where C．that D．what 9．The project about personal finance ________ will be presented in front of the whole class. A．which we are working on B．what we are working on C．who we are working on D．whose we are working on 10．The scientist ________ devotes all his time to research is famous. A．who B．whom C．whose D．which 11．A great number of listeners ________ like soft music will come to this performance. A．which B．who C．whose D．what 12．Which sentence is correct? A．I like the music who she plays. B．I like the music that she plays it. C．I like the music that she plays. D．I like the music that plays she. 13．The folk song ________ tells the story of Qu Yuan ________ very popular among old people. A．which; are B．who; is C．which; is D．that; are 14．—Do you know why Li Ming likes the piece of music Butterfly Lovers so much? —Yes. He likes music ________ can touch his heart, and that’s ________ he loves it. A．who; why B．that; because C．which; why D．what; because 15．The ecosystem ________ is made up of plants and animals needs to stay in good balance. A．who B．whose C．whom D．which 16．—Who is the man ________ is talking with our teacher? —He is a famous writer. A．which B．whose C．that D．whom 17．Deng Jiaxian is one of the scientists ________ have made great progress in nuclear research. A．whom B．who C．which D．whose 18．This is one of the best films ________ this year. A．they have been shown B．that has been shown C．that have been shown D．which has been shown 19．In the sentence “We save each piece of paper that breaks off”, the antecedent is ________. A．we B．save C．each piece of paper D．breaks off 20．In general, it is failure ________ encourages us to work harder ________ finally leads to success. A．which; that B．who; that C．that; what D．what; that 21．Modern technology is a bridge ________ people can connect with each other easily and share their ideas freely. A．which B．that C．by which D．by that 22．The information ________ you got from the interview is useful. A．who B．whose C．which D．where 23．We want to find out the kind of music ______ everyone likes. A．who B．whose C．that D．whom 24．George is listening to some electronic music ________ he downloaded last night. A．who B．whose C．that D．whom 25．The policewoman ______ is standing near the concert hall will help you. A．which B．whose C．who D．whom 二、完成句子 26．I would like to have a partner. He can practice the erhu with me. ( 用关系词(that/ which/ who)合并为一句话) ________________________________________ 27．The lady is a volunteer. She offers help to homeless kids. (用定语从句 who 改写) The lady ________ ________ help to homeless kids is a volunteer. 28．The man is a musician. He plays the guitar.（合并为一句，用定语从句） The man ________ ________ the guitar is a musician. 29．Rick is an intelligent musician. I want to be like him. (用关系代词that/who合并为一句话) ________________________________________ 30．This is the person. He can help you with your studies. (改成定语从句) ____________________________________________________________________________________ 31．This is the radio. He bought it in that shop. (改成定语从句) ____________________________________________________________________________________ 32．那位正在弹钢琴的女生是我的同班同学。 The girl ________ is playing the piano is my classmate. 33．那是我们上个月讨论过的那本传记。 That is the biography ________ we ________ about last month. 34．The girl is standing beside the window.She is a new student. (改成定语从句) ____________________________________________________________________________________ 35．She is one of the students ________ work very hard. 她是学习非常用功的学生中的一个。 综合进阶练（限时：20分钟） 一、语法选择 Passage 1 请通读下面短文，掌握其大意，根据语法和上下文连贯的要求，从每小题所给的三个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题卡上将对应选项涂黑。 Wang Tao is a special young man. Over the past five years, he 1 15 different jobs, from common ones to some interesting and unusual ones. Back in his school days, Wang’s teacher once encouraged 2 to try different jobs to enrich his life experience. “Why not?” he thought. So he started with simple 3 , like helping the gardener water plants and the librarian put books in order. These small experiences were 4 good start for him, and he discovered the joy of trying different jobs. After he left school, he tried 5 jobs and got further experience. He once worked 6 an onion cutter, which gave him watery eyes every day. He also looked after pandas, a job that seemed easy 7 required great patience. Today, Wang 8 to share his stories from time to time. He is often asked 9 he gets joy from trying new things. “Yes, it’s my greatest joy,” he says. “And it’s important 10 our jobs.” Wang’s story teaches us that each job has easy and difficult parts. We should learn new skills and never stop trying. 1．A．tries B．tried C．has tried 2．A．he B．him C．his 3．A．task B．task’s C．tasks 4．A．a B．an C．the 5．A．many B．more C．the most 6．A．as B．in C．on 7．A．but B．or C．so 8．A．invites B．is invited C．was invited 9．A．what B．that C．whether 10．A．love B．to love C．loving Passage 2 Choose the best answer. (选择最恰当的答案) Do you have 1 dream job? What do you plan to do in the future? Let’s take a look at three awesome jobs that Anna, Tommy and Luna do and see how they turn their hobbies into their favourite work! ★ Pet Helper Anna loves animals. She works in a pet store and her job is to care for pets when their owners go out. Every morning, she feeds the pets, and then takes dogs for walks. She tries her best to make sure all the pets are happy and healthy all the time. She plays with different animals every day, and never seems to get 2 with her job. ★ Book Reviewer (评论员) Tommy works for a kids’ magazine. His job is to read children’s books and recommend the best ones to readers. “I look for stories 3 have fun plots or brave characters,” he says. He writes short reviews like, “This classic book opened my eyes to a whole new world.” Book companies send him free books every month, 4 his influence as a children’s book reviewer. “I want to help more kids love literature,” he says. “I am going to stick to this resolution no matter what happens.” ★ Ice Cream Taster Luna works for an ice cream company. Her job is to evaluate the flavor and texture of new products. “I taste nice ice cream every day, “ she says. 5 it’s too strong or not sweet enough, she will provide feedback to the product developers. The company 6 the latest model of freezer to produce ice cream. The best thing? She takes big boxes of free ice cream home for her family! Luna says, “It’s like a long, happy summer!” She is unwilling 7 this job because she loves it so much. Work can be fun when you love it! 8 it’s caring for pets, sharing books, or tasting ice cream, the best jobs make every day special and meaningful. Many teenagers hope to find a fun job in the future, so teachers encourage them 9 their hobbies first. They believe a hobby-based job 10 bring more joy to daily life. So start dreaming — your perfect job might be waiting for you in the years ahead! 1．A．the B．a C．an 2．A．bored B．boring C．bore 3．A．who B．that C．what 4．A．due to B．instead of C．so that 5．A．If B．Until C．Although 6．A．is equipped with B．equip with C．equipped with 7．A．quit B．quitting C．to quit 8．A．Whether B．When C．Since 9．A．to explore B．exploring C．explore 10．A．need B．can C．should Passage 3 请通读下面短文，掌握其大意，根据语法和上下文连贯的要求，从每小题所给的三个选项中选出一个最佳答案。 Quite a few children know what job they want to choose when they grow up. But not everyone opens their own company. This is exactly what Isabella Rose Taylor 1 so far. She started designing clothes 2 she was eight years old. At the time, Isabella was 3 in painting. She used a lot of red, blue and yellow, and these colours helped 4 to think of new clothes which she could make. When Isabella designed and made clothes, she just did it 5 fun. But people liked her designs and 6 she started selling them online, and she has a company now. She runs her business at home. She has turned one room into 7 office and another into a studio where the clothes are made. As a designer, she often takes part in different fashion shows 8 her creative designs to public attention. Isabella has also found time to finish school. She’s smart, and she has thousands of fans online. It’s wonderful that she has already had people who work for her. Above all, she really knows what 9 to succeed in the world of fashion. “I get to follow my dream 10 be a teenager at the same time. I think I’m pretty lucky.” she says. 1．A．does B．has done C．did 2．A．when B．if C．although 3．A．interest B．interesting C．interested 4．A．she B．her C．herself 5．A．for B．with C．about 6．A．soon B．sooner C．soonest 7．A．a B．an C．the 8．A．bring B．brought C．to bring 9．A．needed B．is needed C．are needed 10．A．and B．but C．so 二、短文填空 Passage 1 Choosing a major is one of the most important decisions for most senior three students facing the gaokao. However, Zhong Fangrong’s choice came as 1 surprise. As a top student from Hunan, she chose archaeology (考古), one of the least popular majors (专业) in China. Her decision 2 (lead) to heated discussions online in the past few months. Some people think Zhong made a poor decision. They say she lacks 3 (wise) because she has to brave the coming challenges when looking for jobs. Others, however, support her, 4 (say) that people should not choose their majors depending only 5 practical reasons. Nowadays, the most popular majors do 6 (seem) to be practical ones-that is, majors that will lead to well-paid jobs. In the US, it’s a common stereotype (刻板印象) that some Asian and Jewish (犹太裔的) parents strongly encourage their children 7 (become) doctors or lawyers because those jobs are 8 (high) paid. American universities offer students more chances to learn different majors. In fact, some students try two or even three different majors 9 they find the right one. For me, after trying different majors, I found I showed deep 10 (curious) in scientific research. So I choose computer science as my lifelong love. Passage 2 How fast the world of work is changing because of new technology! Right now, more and more workers 1 (learn) new skills to keep up with these changes. For example, Sarah works as a financial analyst. She knows that in order to do a good job, she needs 2 (understand) new things. She 3 (attend) lectures about finance twice a month last year. Now, every day after work, she 4 (take) an online course about computers. Her friend David, who works in the same office, 5 (make) plans as well. His company is opening a new office in another city, and some coworkers 6 (move) there last month to help manage it. Workers today know it is important 7 (learn) all the time. Many people 8 (use) their free time to study. Sarah’s goal is 9 (become) an expert in her field within two years. She knows she must 10 (stay) open-minded and curious so that she will not be left behind. 2 / 18 1 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 who、which和that引导的定语从句（期中复习讲义） 01 复习目标锚定 02 核心考点精讲 03 限时分层演练 基础固本 / 综合进阶 复习目标 复习重点： 1. 关系代词who/whom/whose/which/that的基本用法与句法功能； 2. 先行词指人/指物时关系代词的选择规则； 3. 关系代词作主语时从句谓语的单复数一致； 4. 只用that不用which的情况（最高级、不定代词等）； 5. “介词+which/whom”结构的用法； 6. 定语从句与强调句、同位语从句的区分。 复习难点： 1. 关系代词作宾语时的省略规则与从句语序； 2. “one of+复数名词”作先行词时从句主谓一致； 3. 先行词既有人又有物时只用that的规则； 4. 介词+关系代词结构中介词的选择依据； 5. 区分定语从句与强调句型（It is...that...）； 6. 先行词被the only/the very/the same修饰时的关系词选择。 考情规律 词汇运用：侧重关系代词who/which/that的选择，以及从句谓语单复数一致。 语境运用：常结合先行词被最高级/the only修饰等特殊情况考查只用that的规则，以及介词+which结构。 写作运用：写作中用于合并简单句、丰富定语成分，提升句式复杂度，是高分作文必备的高级句式。 语法点1：关系代词who/which/that的基本用法 【知识精讲】 who/whom指人（who作主语，whom作宾语），which指物，that指人或物。 关系代词在定语从句中作主语或宾语：作主语时从句谓语单复数与先行词一致；作宾语时关系代词可以省略。 判断步骤：①找先行词（人/物）②分析从句缺少什么成分（主语/宾语）③选择合适的关系代词。 【限时训练】 1．The girl ________ is singing in the next room is my cousin. A．which B．who C．whom D．whose 【答案】B 【解析】先行词the girl指人，从句缺少主语，应用关系代词who。which指物，whom作宾语，whose表所属，均不符合。故选B。 2．This is the book ________ I bought yesterday. A．who B．what C．which D．whom 【答案】C 【解析】先行词the book指物，从句缺少宾语（bought的宾语），应用关系代词which/that。what不能引导定语从句，who/whom指人。故选C。 语法点2：只用that的情况与主谓一致 【知识精讲】 只用that不用which的情况： ①先行词被最高级、序数词修饰； ②先行词是all, everything, nothing, anything等不定代词； ③先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰； ④先行词既有人又有物。 主谓一致：one of+复数名词+定语从句，从句谓语用复数（修饰复数名词）；the only one of+复数名词+定语从句，从句谓语用单数（修饰the only one）。 【限时训练】 1．This is the best film ________ I have ever seen this year. A．which B．that C．who D．whom 【答案】B 【解析】先行词film被最高级the best修饰，这种情况下只能用that引导定语从句，不能用which。故选B。 2．He is one of the students who ________ late for class today. A．is B．are C．was D．be 【答案】B 【解析】one of+复数名词+定语从句，从句修饰的是复数名词the students，谓语动词用复数are。如果是the only one of...，从句谓语才用单数。故选B。 语法点3：介词+关系代词与从句辨析 【知识精讲】 “介词+which/whom”结构：介词由从句中的动词搭配或句意决定。 指物用which，指人用whom。 如：the house in which Lu Xun lived = the house (that/which) Lu Xun lived in。 区分定语从句与强调句：强调句结构It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其余，去掉It is...that后句子仍然完整；定语从句去掉后主句不完整。 【限时训练】 1．The city in ________ he lives is far from here. A．that B．which C．where D．who 【答案】B 【解析】介词in后面接关系代词，先行词the city指物，应用which，构成in which = where。介词后不能用that，where是关系副词不与介词连用，who指人。故选B。 2．Is there anything ________ I can do for you? A．which B．that C．what D．who 【答案】B 【解析】先行词是不定代词anything，这种情况下定语从句只能用that引导，不能用which。what不能引导定语从句，who指人。故选B。 基础固本练（限时：10分钟） 一、单项选择 1．Do you know the boy ________ is standing beside the shelf ________ holds different kinds of paintbrushes? A．who; which B．which; who C．whom; that D．that; where 【答案】A 【详解】句意：你认识站在放着各种画笔的书架旁边的那个男孩吗？ 第一空先行词为“the boy”（指人），空后为谓语动词“is standing”，关系词在定语从句中作主语，应用who或that引导；第二空先行词为“the shelf”（指物），空后为谓语动词“holds”，关系词在定语从句中作主语，应用which或that引导，where在从句中只能作状语不能作主语。应填who；which。 2．If we count the things ________ money cannot buy, we will feel rich. A．who B．what C．that D．where 【答案】C 【详解】句意：如果我们数一数钱买不到的那些东西，我们会感到富有。 who谁；what什么，不引导定语从句；that那；where在哪里。先行词是“the things”，指物，且关系词在从句中作buy的宾语，应用that引导定语从句。 3．A graduation ceremony (典礼) is an event ________ takes place ________ students graduate from a school. A．that; which B．who; when C．which; whose D．which; when 【答案】D 【详解】句意：毕业典礼是学生从学校毕业时举办的一项活动。 that/which用来指代事物；who指代人；whose表所属；when当……的时候。先行词an event是事物，定语从句缺少主语，可用that或which；后半句表达“当学生毕业时”，用when引导定语从句，在从句中作时间状语。 4．—What kind of music do you prefer? —I prefer music ________ has great lyrics, ________ this folk song. A．who; for example B．which; such as C．that; for example D．what; such as 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你喜欢哪种音乐？——我更喜欢歌词好的音乐，比如这首民歌。 who指人（作主语/宾语）；which指物（作主语/宾语）；that指人或物（作主语/宾语）；what不能引导定语从句。for example例如（后接句子或主谓结构，用逗号隔开）；such as例如（后接名词或名词短语）。第一空先行词music指物，定语从句缺主语，用which/that；第二空后接名词短语this folk song，用such as；结合选项，应填which; such as。 5．The school provides balanced meals ________ meet dietary guidelines. A．who B．what C．which D．whom 【答案】C 【详解】句意：学校提供符合饮食指南的均衡膳食。 who谁，指人；what什么；which哪个，指物；whom谁，指人。先行词“balanced meals”指物，且关系代词在从句中作主语，应用which引导定语从句。应填which。 6．Anyone who is a server or ________ has been one knows that customers always come first. A．whom B．what C．who D．which 【答案】C 【详解】句意：任何一名服务员或做过服务员的都知道顾客总是第一位的。 whom谁（who的宾格形式）；what什么；who谁（主格形式）；which哪一个。先行词为Anyone，指代人，空格处的关系词和前文的who is a server并列，都在从句中作主语，需选用指人且可作主语的关系词所以who符合要求，可指代人且在从句中作主语。 7．Marie Curie is one of the greatest scientists ________ the world has ever seen. A．what B．where C．that D．when 【答案】C 【详解】句意：居里夫人是世界所见过的最伟大的科学家之一。 what什么；where哪里；that那个/谁（引导定语从句，指代人或物）；when什么时候。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句修饰先行词“scientists”。当先行词被最高级（the greatest）修饰时，关系代词通常只用that，不用which或who。因此，that符合语境。 8．The hero ________ Tom looked up to most was Robin Hood. A．which B．where C．that D．what 【答案】C 【详解】句意：汤姆最崇拜的那个英雄是罗宾汉。 which指物；where指地点；that指人或物；what什么。先行词The hero指人，且在从句中作looked up to的宾语，关系代词应用who或that。选项中只有that符合，what不能引导定语从句。应填that。 9．The project about personal finance ________ will be presented in front of the whole class. A．which we are working on B．what we are working on C．who we are working on D．whose we are working on 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我们正在进行的那个关于个人理财的项目将在全班面前展示。 先行词是“The project”，指物，关系代词应用which或that。what不能引导定语从句；who指人；whose表所属关系。此处需用which引导定语从句修饰“project”，且work on搭配正确。应填which we are working on。 10．The scientist ________ devotes all his time to research is famous. A．who B．whom C．whose D．which 【答案】A 【详解】句意：那位把所有时间都致力于研究的科学家很有名。 who指代人（在从句中作主语或宾语）；whom指代人（在从句中作宾语）；whose表所属关系；which指代物。先行词The scientist是人，定语从句中缺少主语，用关系代词who。 11．A great number of listeners ________ like soft music will come to this performance. A．which B．who C．whose D．what 【答案】B 【详解】句意：许多喜欢轻音乐的听众将会来参加这场演出。 which哪个；who谁；whose谁的；what什么。根据“A great number of listeners”可知，先行词是listeners，指人，且在从句中作主语，应用who引导。 12．Which sentence is correct? A．I like the music who she plays. B．I like the music that she plays it. C．I like the music that she plays. D．I like the music that plays she. 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我喜欢她演奏的音乐。考查定语从句。 先行词the music指物，关系代词应用that或which，不能用who，排除A；关系代词that在从句中作plays的宾语，从句中不能再加it，排除B；定语从句需用陈述语序，即主语在前谓语在后，排除D；C项关系代词使用正确且语序得当，故选C。 13．The folk song ________ tells the story of Qu Yuan ________ very popular among old people. A．which; are B．who; is C．which; is D．that; are 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这首讲述屈原故事的民歌在老年人当中很受欢迎。 which指代物；who谁；is是；are是。先行词the folk song是物，用which引导定语从句；主语the folk song为单数，be动词用is，因此填which；is。 14．—Do you know why Li Ming likes the piece of music Butterfly Lovers so much? —Yes. He likes music ________ can touch his heart, and that’s ________ he loves it. A．who; why B．that; because C．which; why D．what; because 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你知道李明为什么这么喜欢《梁祝》这首乐曲吗？ ——知道。他喜欢能触动心灵的音乐，这就是他喜爱这首曲子的原因。 定语从句的先行词music是事物，且从句缺少主语，应用which或that引导；前半句“他喜欢能触动心灵的音乐”是原因，后半句“他喜欢它”是结果，“前因后果”用that’s why。应填which; why。 15．The ecosystem ________ is made up of plants and animals needs to stay in good balance. A．who B．whose C．whom D．which 【答案】D 【详解】句意：由动植物构成的生态系统需要保持良好的平衡。   who用来指代人，在从句中作主语；whose表示“谁的”，表所属关系；whom指代人，在从句中作宾语；which指代事物，在从句中作主语/宾语。在这个定语从句中，先行词“The ecosystem”（生态系统）是事物，要用关系代词which；其余三个都不能指代事物“ecosystem”。应填which。 16．—Who is the man ________ is talking with our teacher? —He is a famous writer. A．which B．whose C．that D．whom 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——那个正在和我们老师谈话的男人是谁？——他是一位著名的作家。 which哪个（指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语）；whose谁的（指所属关系）；that那个（指人或物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语）；whom谁（指人，在定语从句中作宾语）。先行词“the man”指人，关系词在定语从句“is talking”中作主语，应用that。 17．Deng Jiaxian is one of the scientists ________ have made great progress in nuclear research. A．whom B．who C．which D．whose 【答案】B 【详解】句意：邓稼先是在核研究方面取得巨大进步的科学家之一。 whom谁，宾格；who谁，主格；which哪个，指物；whose谁的。先行词是scientists，指人，关系代词在从句中作主语，应选who。 18．This is one of the best films ________ this year. A．they have been shown B．that has been shown C．that have been shown D．which has been shown 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这是今年上映的最好的电影之一。 先行词films前面有最高级the best修饰，定语从句只能用that引导，不能用which；one of+复数名词，定语从句修饰复数名词films，谓语动词用复数have。A选项多了主语they，语法错误；B、D谓语用单数has，不符合主谓一致。C符合语法规则。 19．In the sentence “We save each piece of paper that breaks off”, the antecedent is ________. A．we B．save C．each piece of paper D．breaks off 【答案】C 【详解】句意：在句子“我们保存每一张断裂下来的纸”中，先行词是每一张纸。 we我们；save保存；each piece of paper每一张纸；breaks off断裂。句中“that breaks off”是定语从句，修饰前面的名词短语，关系代词that指代的内容即为先行词，此处that指代“each piece of paper”，应填each piece of paper。 20．In general, it is failure ________ encourages us to work harder ________ finally leads to success. A．which; that B．who; that C．that; what D．what; that 【答案】A 【详解】句意：总的来说，正是失败激励我们更加努力，最终才引领我们走向成功。 第一空先行词为failure（表事物），在定语从句中作主语，可用which引导；第二空为强调句型it is...that的固定结构，用于强调主语failure，符合句子整体语法逻辑。应填which; that。 21．Modern technology is a bridge ________ people can connect with each other easily and share their ideas freely. A．which B．that C．by which D．by that 【答案】C 【详解】句意：现代科技是一座桥梁，人们可以通过它轻松地相互联系并自由分享想法。 which哪一个；that那个；by which通过它；by that错误搭配。根据句意可知，“people can connect with each other easily and share their ideas freely”表示人们通过这座桥梁实现联系，先行词“bridge”是物，且关系词在定语从句中作方式状语，相当于“through the bridge”，应用“介词+which”结构，即by which。 22．The information ________ you got from the interview is useful. A．who B．whose C．which D．where 【答案】C 【详解】句意：你从面试中得到的信息是有用的。 who谁；whose谁的；which哪个/哪些；where哪里。先行词是The information，指物，关系词在定语从句中作got的宾语，应用which或that引导。which符合语境。 23．We want to find out the kind of music ______ everyone likes. A．who B．whose C．that D．whom 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我们想要找出每个人都喜欢的那种音乐。 who谁（指代人，在从句中可作主语或宾语）；whose谁的（表所属关系，在从句中作定语，后接名词）；that引导定语从句时无实义（既可指代人也可指代物，在从句中可作主语或宾语）；whom谁（指代人，在从句中只作宾语）。先行词是music，指物，关系词在从句中作likes的宾语，因此可用that。 24．George is listening to some electronic music ________ he downloaded last night. A．who B．whose C．that D．whom 【答案】C 【详解】句意：乔治正在听一些他昨晚下载的电子音乐。 根据先行词“some electronic music”，可知先行词指物，从句中downloaded缺宾语，指物应用that，既指物又可作宾语。 25．The policewoman ______ is standing near the concert hall will help you. A．which B．whose C．who D．whom 【答案】C 【详解】句意：那位正站在音乐厅附近的女警察将会帮助你。 which指物，在从句中作主语或宾语；whose谁的，表所属，意为“……的”，在从句中作定语，后接名词；who谁，在从句中作主语或宾语；whom谁，在从句中只作宾语。先行词是“The policewoman”，指人，且在从句中作主语，所以用who。 二、完成句子 26．I would like to have a partner. He can practice the erhu with me. ( 用关系词(that/ which/ who)合并为一句话) ________________________________________ 【答案】I would like to have a partner who can practice the erhu with me./I would like to have a partner that can practice the erhu with me. 【详解】句意：我想要一个搭档。他可以和我一起练习二胡。先行词partner指人，关系代词可用who或者that，在定语从句中作主语。故填I would like to have a partner who can practice the erhu with me./I would like to have a partner that can practice the erhu with me. 27．The lady is a volunteer. She offers help to homeless kids. (用定语从句 who 改写) The lady ________ ________ help to homeless kids is a volunteer. 【答案】 who offers 【详解】句意：这位女士是一名志愿者。她为无家可归的孩子提供帮助。原句要求用who引导定语从句，先行词the lady指人，关系词用who；先行词是单数，定语从句中的谓语动词用第三人称单数形式offers。故填who；offers。 28．The man is a musician. He plays the guitar.（合并为一句，用定语从句） The man ________ ________ the guitar is a musician. 【答案】 who plays 【详解】句意：这个男人是一名音乐家。他弹吉他。先行词the man指人，在从句中作主语，可用关系代词who；先行词为单数，从句谓语动词用plays。故填who；plays。 29．Rick is an intelligent musician. I want to be like him. (用关系代词that/who合并为一句话) ________________________________________ 【答案】Rick is an intelligent musician who I want to be like./Rick is an intelligent musician that I want to be like. 【详解】句意：Rick是一位聪慧的音乐家，我想成为像他一样的人。先行词musician表示人，可用关系代词who或that引导定语从句，在从句中作介词like的宾语。故填Rick is an intelligent musician who I want to be like./Rick is an intelligent musician that I want to be like. 30．This is the person. He can help you with your studies. (改成定语从句) ____________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】This is the person that can help you with your studies./This is the person who can help you with your studies. 【详解】句意：这是那个人。他能帮助你学习。也就是“这是那个能帮助你学习的人。”改写后的句子中“can help you with your studies”作“the person”的定语，the person是先行词，先行词指人，且在从句中作主语，关系代词用who或that，句首单词的首字母要大写。 31．This is the radio. He bought it in that shop. (改成定语从句) ____________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】This is the radio that he bought in that shop./This is the radio which he bought in that shop. 【详解】句意：这是那台收音机。他在那家商店买的这台收音机。原句中两句共有的核心名词“the radio”是先行词，属于指代物的名词，且它在第二句中作动词bought的宾语，改为定语从句时，需要选用关系代词that/which来指代先行词，将其放在先行词the radio之后，引导后面的从句he bought in that shop，合并后形成完整的定语从句复合句。 32．那位正在弹钢琴的女生是我的同班同学。 The girl ________ is playing the piano is my classmate. 【答案】who/that 【详解】原句中缺少定语从句引导词。先行词是the girl，指人，在从句中作is playing the piano的主语，可填引导词who或that。 33．那是我们上个月讨论过的那本传记。 That is the biography ________ we ________ about last month. 【答案】 that/which talked 【详解】原句中“我们上个月讨论过的”用来修饰先行词the biography（物），可用关系代词that或which引导定语从句；时间状语last month表示过去，动词用一般过去时talked。故填that/which；talked。 34．The girl is standing beside the window.She is a new student. (改成定语从句) ____________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The girl who is standing beside the window is a new student./The girl that is standing beside the window is a new student. 【详解】句意：那个女孩正站在窗边。她是一名新学生。先行词the girl是人，在定语从句中作主语，用关系代词who/that引导。合并句子，把is standing beside the window作定语修饰the girl。 35．She is one of the students ________ work very hard. 她是学习非常用功的学生中的一个。 【答案】that/who 【详解】原句中“引导定语从句的关系代词”是关键词，表示“引导定语从句的关系代词”的单词是that/who，that/who指代人，引导定语从句修饰先行词students。故填that/who。 综合进阶练（限时：20分钟） 一、语法选择 Passage 1 请通读下面短文，掌握其大意，根据语法和上下文连贯的要求，从每小题所给的三个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题卡上将对应选项涂黑。 Wang Tao is a special young man. Over the past five years, he 1 15 different jobs, from common ones to some interesting and unusual ones. Back in his school days, Wang’s teacher once encouraged 2 to try different jobs to enrich his life experience. “Why not?” he thought. So he started with simple 3 , like helping the gardener water plants and the librarian put books in order. These small experiences were 4 good start for him, and he discovered the joy of trying different jobs. After he left school, he tried 5 jobs and got further experience. He once worked 6 an onion cutter, which gave him watery eyes every day. He also looked after pandas, a job that seemed easy 7 required great patience. Today, Wang 8 to share his stories from time to time. He is often asked 9 he gets joy from trying new things. “Yes, it’s my greatest joy,” he says. “And it’s important 10 our jobs.” Wang’s story teaches us that each job has easy and difficult parts. We should learn new skills and never stop trying. 1．A．tries B．tried C．has tried 2．A．he B．him C．his 3．A．task B．task’s C．tasks 4．A．a B．an C．the 5．A．many B．more C．the most 6．A．as B．in C．on 7．A．but B．or C．so 8．A．invites B．is invited C．was invited 9．A．what B．that C．whether 10．A．love B．to love C．loving 【答案】 1．C 2．B 3．C 4．A 5．B 6．A 7．A 8．B 9．C 10．B 【导语】本文讲述了王涛在五年内尝试 15 种不同工作、从中获得乐趣与成长的故事，告诉我们每份工作都有意义，要不断学习和尝试。 1．句意：在过去的五年里，他尝试了15种不同的工作。 根据句首时间状语“Over the past five years”可知，句子应用现在完成时，has tried符合时态要求。tries一般现在时；tried一般过去时，均不符。 2．句意：早在学生时代，王涛的老师曾鼓励他去尝试不同的工作来丰富他的人生经历。 动词encouraged后接代词作宾语，应用宾格形式。him意为“他”，符合语境。he主格；his形容词性物主代词/名词性物主代词，均不能作宾语。 3．句意：于是他开始做简单的任务，比如帮园丁浇花、帮图书管理员整理书籍。 根据下文“like helping...”可知是多个任务，且空前无冠词或限定词，应用复数形式。tasks为复数形式，符合语境。task单数；task’s名词所有格，均不符。 4．句意：这些小经历对他来说是一个好的开端，并且他发现了尝试不同工作的乐趣。 start在此处为可数名词，意为“开端/开始”，且 good 以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。an用于元音音素开头的词前；the表特指，此处并非特指。 5．句意：离开学校后，他尝试了更多的工作并获得了进一步的经验。 根据句意，与之前“简单的任务”相比，他尝试了“更多”的工作，应用比较级。more是many的比较级，符合语境。many原级；the most最高级，均不符合“与之前比较”的逻辑。 6．句意：他曾作为一名切洋葱工工作过，这份工作让他每天都眼泪汪汪。 work as为固定搭配，意为“作为……工作”。work in在……工作，后接地点；work on从事……，后接具体项目。 7．句意：他还照顾过熊猫，这份工作看起来容易但需要极大的耐心。 空前“seemed easy”与空后“required great patience”构成转折关系，应用转折连词but。or或者/否则；so所以，均不符合逻辑关系。 8．句意：如今，王涛不时受邀分享他的故事。 主语“Wang Tao”与动词“invite”之间为被动关系，且时间为“Today”，应用一般现在时的被动语态 is invited。invites主动语态；was invited一般过去时被动，均不符。 9．句意：他经常被问到，他是否从尝试新事物中获得快乐。 动词asked后接宾语从句，根据答语“Yes, it’s my greatest joy”可知，问句为一般疑问句，应用 whether引导宾语从句，意为“是否”。what什么，引导名词性从句；that引导陈述句从句，无疑问含义。 10．句意：而且热爱我们的工作很重要。 本句结构为“It’s+adj.+to do sth.”，其中It为形式主语，动词不定式作真正主语。to love为不定式形式，符合结构要求。love动词原形；loving动名词，均不符。 Passage 2 Choose the best answer. (选择最恰当的答案) Do you have 1 dream job? What do you plan to do in the future? Let’s take a look at three awesome jobs that Anna, Tommy and Luna do and see how they turn their hobbies into their favourite work! ★ Pet Helper Anna loves animals. She works in a pet store and her job is to care for pets when their owners go out. Every morning, she feeds the pets, and then takes dogs for walks. She tries her best to make sure all the pets are happy and healthy all the time. She plays with different animals every day, and never seems to get 2 with her job. ★ Book Reviewer (评论员) Tommy works for a kids’ magazine. His job is to read children’s books and recommend the best ones to readers. “I look for stories 3 have fun plots or brave characters,” he says. He writes short reviews like, “This classic book opened my eyes to a whole new world.” Book companies send him free books every month, 4 his influence as a children’s book reviewer. “I want to help more kids love literature,” he says. “I am going to stick to this resolution no matter what happens.” ★ Ice Cream Taster Luna works for an ice cream company. Her job is to evaluate the flavor and texture of new products. “I taste nice ice cream every day, “ she says. 5 it’s too strong or not sweet enough, she will provide feedback to the product developers. The company 6 the latest model of freezer to produce ice cream. The best thing? She takes big boxes of free ice cream home for her family! Luna says, “It’s like a long, happy summer!” She is unwilling 7 this job because she loves it so much. Work can be fun when you love it! 8 it’s caring for pets, sharing books, or tasting ice cream, the best jobs make every day special and meaningful. Many teenagers hope to find a fun job in the future, so teachers encourage them 9 their hobbies first. They believe a hobby-based job 10 bring more joy to daily life. So start dreaming — your perfect job might be waiting for you in the years ahead! 1．A．the B．a C．an 2．A．bored B．boring C．bore 3．A．who B．that C．what 4．A．due to B．instead of C．so that 5．A．If B．Until C．Although 6．A．is equipped with B．equip with C．equipped with 7．A．quit B．quitting C．to quit 8．A．Whether B．When C．Since 9．A．to explore B．exploring C．explore 10．A．need B．can C．should 【答案】 1．B 2．A 3．B 4．A 5．A 6．A 7．C 8．A 9．A 10．B 【导语】本文介绍Anna、Tommy和Luna如何将爱好变成职业，鼓励青少年先探索爱好，认为基于爱好的工作能给日常生活带来更多快乐。 1．句意：你有一份理想的工作吗？ 此处泛指一份理想的工作，需填一个不定冠词，dream以辅音音素开头，应选a。an用于元音音素开头的单词前。 2．句意：她每天和不同的动物玩耍，似乎从不对自己的工作感到厌烦。 get bored with“对……感到厌倦”，是固定搭配，用来形容人的感受。boring“无聊的”，用来形容事物；bore“使厌烦”，是动词，不符合此处语法和语义。 3．句意：“我寻找有着有趣情节或勇敢人物的故事，” 他说。 先行词stories是物，从句缺主语，关系词用that。who的先行词只能是人，what不能引导定语从句。 4．句意：图书公司每月寄给他免费书，由于他作为儿童书评员的影响力。 此空选介词短语due to“因为、由于”，表示由于他作为儿童书评员的影响力，符合逻辑。instead of“而不是”、so that“为了”，都不符合。 5．句意：如果味道太浓或者甜度不够，她会向产品研发人员提供反馈。 前后句之间是肯定的条件关系，用 If“如果”，条件状语从句，符合语义。until“直到”、although“尽管”都不符合。 6．句意：这家公司配备最新型号的冰柜来生产冰淇淋。 主语The company是第三人称单数，和动词“equip”之间是被动关系，需用被动语态结构is equipped with。be equipped with“配备有……”，是固定的被动结构。 7．句意：她不愿意辞去这份工作，因为她非常热爱它。 be unwilling to do“不愿意做某事”，是固定搭配，选动词不定式to quit，表示不愿意辞去这份工作。quit和quitting形式错误。 8．句意：无论是照顾宠物，分享书籍，还是品尝冰淇淋，好的工作让每一天都特别而有意义。whethe…or…表示“无论……还是……”，是固定结构，引导让步状语从句。When“当……时”、Since“自从”都无法构成该搭配。 9．句意：很多青少年希望将来找到一份有趣的工作，老师鼓励他们先探索自己的爱好。 encourage sb to do sth“鼓励某人做某事”，是固定搭配，选动词不定式to explore，作宾语补足语。exploring和explore形式错误。 10．句意：他们相信一份基于爱好的工作能够给日常生活带来更多快乐。 此空选情态动词can“能够、可以”，表示一份基于爱好的工作能够给日常生活带来更多快乐，符合语境。need“需要”、should“应该”都不符合。 Passage 3 请通读下面短文，掌握其大意，根据语法和上下文连贯的要求，从每小题所给的三个选项中选出一个最佳答案。 Quite a few children know what job they want to choose when they grow up. But not everyone opens their own company. This is exactly what Isabella Rose Taylor 1 so far. She started designing clothes 2 she was eight years old. At the time, Isabella was 3 in painting. She used a lot of red, blue and yellow, and these colours helped 4 to think of new clothes which she could make. When Isabella designed and made clothes, she just did it 5 fun. But people liked her designs and 6 she started selling them online, and she has a company now. She runs her business at home. She has turned one room into 7 office and another into a studio where the clothes are made. As a designer, she often takes part in different fashion shows 8 her creative designs to public attention. Isabella has also found time to finish school. She’s smart, and she has thousands of fans online. It’s wonderful that she has already had people who work for her. Above all, she really knows what 9 to succeed in the world of fashion. “I get to follow my dream 10 be a teenager at the same time. I think I’m pretty lucky.” she says. 1．A．does B．has done C．did 2．A．when B．if C．although 3．A．interest B．interesting C．interested 4．A．she B．her C．herself 5．A．for B．with C．about 6．A．soon B．sooner C．soonest 7．A．a B．an C．the 8．A．bring B．brought C．to bring 9．A．needed B．is needed C．are needed 10．A．and B．but C．so 【答案】 1．B 2．A 3．C 4．B 5．A 6．A 7．B 8．C 9．B 10．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述少年设计师伊莎贝拉的故事。她八岁起步，如今拥有公司，兼顾学业与梦想，展现非凡才华，成功实现了自己的人生目标。 1．句意：这正是伊莎贝拉·罗斯·泰勒到目前为止所做的。 根据“so far”，可知句子应用现在完成时。根据语境，强调过去动作对现在的影响，has done做（现在完成时）符合。does做（一般现在时），did做（一般过去时），均不与so far连用。 2．句意：她八岁时就开始设计衣服。 根据“she was eight years old”，可知是时间状语从句，表示具体时间点，when“当……时”符合。if如果（表条件），although虽然（表让步），均不符。 3．句意：当时，伊莎贝拉对绘画感兴趣。 根据“be...in”，此处需要形容词作表语，固定搭配be interested in，修饰人用interested“感兴趣的”。interest兴趣（名词），interesting有意思的（修饰物的形容词），均不符。 4．句意：这些颜色帮助她想到新衣服。 根据“helped”，可知动词后接宾格，作宾语用her“她”。she她（主格），herself她自己，均不符。 5．句意：她只是为了好玩而做。 根据“fun”，固定搭配do sth. for fun（为了好玩而做某事），表目的用for“为了”。with和，about关于，均不符。 6．句意：但人们喜欢她的设计，并且不久她开始在网上售卖。 人们喜欢她的设计，她开始在网上售卖，表示时间推移，用原级soon“不久”。sooner更早，soonest最早，均不符。 7．句意：她把一个房间变成了办公室。 此后接单数可数名词“office”，泛指一个办公室，用不定冠词，元音音素开头用an“一个”。a一个（用于辅音因素开头的词前），the这个（表特指），均不符。 8．句意：参加时装秀以引起公众关注。 表示参加时装秀的目的，应用动词不定式 to bring作目的状语，to bring“去带来”符合。bring带来（原形）；brought带来了（过去式），均不符。 9．句意：她真的知道时尚界成功需要什么。 what is needed意为“所需要的东西”，此句是被动语态，表示“被需要”，what作主语，视为单数，谓语用is needed。needed需要（过去式），are needed被需要（主语为复数），都不符合。 10．句意：我追随梦想并且同时做个青少年。 “follow my dream”（追逐我的梦想）和“be a teenager”（做青少年）是并列关系，用and“和”连接。but但是（表转折），so所以（表因果），均不符。 二、短文填空 Passage 1 Choosing a major is one of the most important decisions for most senior three students facing the gaokao. However, Zhong Fangrong’s choice came as 1 surprise. As a top student from Hunan, she chose archaeology (考古), one of the least popular majors (专业) in China. Her decision 2 (lead) to heated discussions online in the past few months. Some people think Zhong made a poor decision. They say she lacks 3 (wise) because she has to brave the coming challenges when looking for jobs. Others, however, support her, 4 (say) that people should not choose their majors depending only 5 practical reasons. Nowadays, the most popular majors do 6 (seem) to be practical ones-that is, majors that will lead to well-paid jobs. In the US, it’s a common stereotype (刻板印象) that some Asian and Jewish (犹太裔的) parents strongly encourage their children 7 (become) doctors or lawyers because those jobs are 8 (high) paid. American universities offer students more chances to learn different majors. In fact, some students try two or even three different majors 9 they find the right one. For me, after trying different majors, I found I showed deep 10 (curious) in scientific research. So I choose computer science as my lifelong love. 【答案】 1．a 2．has led 3．wisdom 4．saying 5．on 6．seem 7．to become 8．highly 9．until 10．curiosity 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，文章主要讨论了高中生选择专业的问题，以钟芳蓉选择考古专业引发热议为例，探讨了选择专业不应仅基于现实原因，而应遵从内心兴趣的观点。 1．句意：然而，钟芳蓉的选择让人有些意外。此处修饰单数可数名词surprise，表示“一个……的意外”，且surprise以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。 2．句意：她的决定在过去的几个月里在网上引发了热烈的讨论。根据时间状语“in the past few months”可知，本句应用现在完成时，结构为“have/has+过去分词”。主语Her decision是第三人称单数，助动词用has，lead的过去分词为led。故填has led。 3．句意：他们说她缺乏智慧，因为她必须勇敢面对找工作时即将到来的挑战。根据空前的动词lacks可知，此处需要填名词作宾语；wise是形容词，其名词形式为wisdom，意为“智慧”，不可数名词。 4．句意：其他人则支持她说，人们不应该仅仅根据实际原因来选择专业。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词support，且设空处与主句之间没有连词连接，因此此处应用非谓语动词形式。动词say与其逻辑主语Others之间是主动关系，应用现在分词作伴随状语，表示“其他人支持她，并说……”，say的现在分词形式为saying。 5．句意：其他人则支持她说，人们不应该仅仅根据实际原因来选择专业。此处表示“根据，基于”，固定短语depend on意为“依靠”，此处需用介词on。 6．句意：如今，最受欢迎的专业似乎都是实用型的——也就是说，那些能带来高薪工作的专业。本句主语“The most popular majors”是复数，描述客观事实用一般现在时，谓语动词用原形。seem to be意为“似乎是”。故填seem。 7．句意：在美国，有一种普遍的刻板印象，即一些亚裔和犹太裔父母强烈鼓励他们的孩子成为医生或律师，因为那些工作报酬很高。固定搭配encourage sb. to do sth.意为“鼓励某人做某事”，此处需用动词不定式形式to become。 8．句意：在美国，有一种普遍的刻板印象，即一些亚裔和犹太裔父母强烈鼓励他们的孩子成为医生或律师，因为那些工作报酬很高。此处修饰动词paid，应用副词。high的副词形式为highly，意为“高度地”，highly paid意为“高薪的”。 9．句意：事实上，有些学生尝试两门甚至三门不同的专业，直到他们找到合适的。此处表示“直到”，引导时间状语从句，应填until。 10．句意：对我来说，在尝试了不同的专业后，我发现自己对科学研究表现出了深深的好奇心。此处作动词showed的宾语，且被形容词deep修饰，应用名词形式；curious是形容词，其名词形式为curiosity，意为“好奇心”。 Passage 2 How fast the world of work is changing because of new technology! Right now, more and more workers 1 (learn) new skills to keep up with these changes. For example, Sarah works as a financial analyst. She knows that in order to do a good job, she needs 2 (understand) new things. She 3 (attend) lectures about finance twice a month last year. Now, every day after work, she 4 (take) an online course about computers. Her friend David, who works in the same office, 5 (make) plans as well. His company is opening a new office in another city, and some coworkers 6 (move) there last month to help manage it. Workers today know it is important 7 (learn) all the time. Many people 8 (use) their free time to study. Sarah’s goal is 9 (become) an expert in her field within two years. She knows she must 10 (stay) open-minded and curious so that she will not be left behind. 【答案】 1．are learning 2．to understand 3．attended 4．takes 5．is making 6．moved 7．to learn 8．use 9．to become 10．stay 【导语】本文讲述了由于科技发展，职场变化迅速，如今职场人士需要不断学习新技能提升自己，举例介绍Sarah和David坚持学习、规划自我，说明终身学习对职场人的重要性。 1．句意：此刻，越来越多的劳动者正在学习新技能来跟上这些变化。“Right now”是现在进行时标志词，表示此时此刻正在发生的动作。主语“workers”是复数，be动词用“are”，learn变为“learning”，故需用“are learning”。 2．句意：她知道为了做好工作，她需要了解新事物。固定短语：need to do sth.表示“需要去做某事”，need后要接不定式（to+动词原形），故需用“to understand”。 3．句意：去年，她一个月参加两次金融讲座。“last year”是一般过去时的标志词，描述过去发生的事情。 attend意为“参加”，需用其过去式“attended”。 4．句意：现在，每天下班后，她都上计算机线上课程。“every day”是一般现在时的标志词，描述习惯性、经常性动作。 主语“she”是第三人称单数，动词要变三单形式，需用“takes”。 5．句意：同在一间办公室的她的朋友David也正在制定计划。公司正在筹备新办公室，David正在制定相应计划，强调现阶段正在进行的动作，用现在进行时。 主语“David”是单数，be动词需用“is”，make变为“making”，故需用“is making”。 6．句意：他的公司正在另一座城市开设新办公室，上个月一些同事搬到那里帮忙管理。“last month”是一般过去时的标志词，表示过去发生的动作。需用move的过去式“moved”。 7．句意：如今的职场人明白，持续学习是很重要的。固定句型：It is+形容词+to do sth.表示“做某事是……的”。it作形式主语，真正主语是后面不定式to do，故需用“to learn”。 8．句意：很多人利用空余时间学习。陈述现在普遍客观情况，用一般现在时。主语“Many people”是复数，故需用动词原形“use”。 9．句意：Sarah的目标是两年内成为她所在领域的专家。不定式to do作表语，用来解释主语“goal”的具体内容，目标是“要去做某事”，故需用“to become”。 10．句意：她知道她必须保持开放心态与好奇心，这样才不会被淘汰。must是情态动词，情态动词后接动词原形，故需用“stay”。 2 / 18 1 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $