Unit 1 - 8 单元易错知识点解析与配套练习 2026-2027学年人教版英语八年级上册

八年级英语(人教版)上册 单元易错知识点解析与配套练习 (Unit 1—8) Unit 1 Happy Holiday 【单元话题】 假期经历分享、旅行见闻与假期收获 【语法项目】 不定代词;一般过去时复习 易错点 1:不定代词 someone / anyone / no one / everyone 的句式选用错误 【易错点】 把否定句写成 I didn't see someone in the hall,把肯定句写成 Everyone didn't enjoy the trip。 【错因】 学生把 someone 与 anyone 视为可随意替换的形式,未掌握二者在句式上的分工。英语中,someone、something 一般用于肯定句;anyone、anything 用于否定句和疑问句。此外还需注意,everyone 等含 every- 的不定代词不能与否定词连用表示“并非所有人都……”,若是否定全体,应使用 no one 或 none。 【正误对比】 【错例】I didn't see someone in the school hall yesterday. 【正例】I didn't see anyone in the school hall yesterday. 【错例】Did you meet someone interesting during your holiday? 【正例】Did you meet anyone interesting during your holiday? 【错例】Everyone didn't enjoy the trip because of the bad weather. 【正例】No one enjoyed the trip because of the bad weather. 【语法规则】 some- 用于肯定句,any- 用于否定疑问;every- 不与否定连,全体否定用 no one。 易错点 2:不定代词作主语时谓语动词的单复数错配 【易错点】 把“每个人都很兴奋”写成 Everyone are very excited,把“一切都很顺利”写成 Everything go well。 【错因】 学生按汉语的“每个人”“一切”理解为复数概念,误用复数谓语。英语中,由 some-、any-、no-、every- 与 -one、-body、-thing 构成的不定代词,作主语时谓语动词一律用单数形式(Everyone is here. Everything goes well.)。学生出错的原因是把汉语的语义复数等同于英语的语法复数。 【正误对比】 【错例】Everyone are very excited about the coming summer holiday. 【正例】Everyone is very excited about the coming summer holiday. 【错例】Everything go well during our trip to Yunnan. 【正例】Everything goes well during our trip to Yunnan. 【错例】Nobody know the answer to this question. 【正例】Nobody knows the answer to this question. 【语法规则】 不定代词作主语,谓语一律用单数;everyone is、everything goes,三单形式莫忘记。 易错点 3:形容词修饰不定代词时的位置错误 【易错点】 把“有趣的地方”写成 interesting somewhere,把“特别的事”写成 special something。 【错因】 学生按汉语的“形容词 + 名词”语序,把形容词置于不定代词之前,未掌握英语中形容词修饰不定代词必须后置这一规则。英语中,形容词、不定式、介词短语等修饰不定代词时,一律放在不定代词之后:something interesting、nothing special、somewhere quiet、anything important。学生出错的原因是把汉语的定语前置习惯直接迁移到了英语。 【正误对比】 【错例】Did you go to interesting somewhere during your summer holiday? 【正例】Did you go to somewhere interesting during your summer holiday? 【错例】I want to tell you special something about my trip. 【正例】I want to tell you something special about my trip. 【错例】There is important nothing in his bag. 【正例】There is nothing important in his bag. 【语法规则】 形容词修饰不定代词须后置,something interesting 是常式;定语后置莫前置。 易错点 4:一般过去时不规则动词的过去式误用规则变化 【易错点】 把 take 的过去式写成 taked,把 swim 的过去式写成 swimmed,把 buy 的过去式写成 buyed。 【错因】 学生对不规则动词缺乏成组记忆,遇到没有把握的词一律套用加 -ed 的规则。英语不规则动词的过去式虽无统一规律,但可按变化特征分组记忆:① 原形与过去式相同(put—put、cut—cut、let—let);② 元音字母变化(take—took、swim—swam、write—wrote、give—gave);③ 以 -ought/-aught 结尾(buy—bought、think—thought、teach—taught);④ 特殊形式(go—went、see—saw、have—had、do—did)。 【正误对比】 【错例】We taked a lot of photos during our trip to Mount Huangshan. 【正例】We took a lot of photos during our trip to Mount Huangshan. 【错例】He swimmed in the sea with his father last summer. 【正例】He swam in the sea with his father last summer. 【错例】My mother buyed some local food for us. 【正例】My mother bought some local food for us. 【语法规则】 不规则动词分组记,元音变化、ought 尾、原过同形、特殊式;taked、swimmed、buyed 皆为错。 易错点 5:一般过去时否定句与疑问句中 did 与过去式的双重标记 【易错点】 把否定句写成 I didn't went to the beach,把疑问句写成 Did you saw the sunrise? 【错因】 学生已记住过去式要变形,在借助 did 构成否定与疑问时仍保留动词的过去式,形成“did + 过去式”的双重标记错误。英语语法规定:助动词 did 本身已承担过去时的语法标记,其后的实义动词必须还原为原形。此外,含 be 动词的句子变否定、变疑问时不借助 did,而是直接在 was/were 上操作。 【正误对比】 【错例】I didn't went to the beach because it rained heavily. 【正例】I didn't go to the beach because it rained heavily. 【错例】Did you saw the beautiful sunrise on the mountain? 【正例】Did you see the beautiful sunrise on the mountain? 【错例】He didn't was at home during the summer holiday. 【正例】He wasn't at home during the summer holiday. 【语法规则】 did 已带过去标,后接动词必原形;be 动词不借 did,was/were 后加 not 提句首。 易错点 6:一般过去时与现在完成时的时态判定混淆 【易错点】 把“我去年暑假去过云南”写成 I have been to Yunnan last summer holiday。 【错因】 学生把“去过某地”一律用现在完成时,未注意句中是否出现明确的过去时间状语。英语中,现在完成时强调过去动作对现在的影响,不与明确的过去时间状语连用;一般过去时表示过去某一时间发生的动作,与 yesterday、last summer、in 2025、three days ago 等连用。判断依据是句中是否有明确指向过去的状语。 【正误对比】 【错例】I have been to Yunnan with my parents last summer holiday. 【正例】I went to Yunnan with my parents last summer holiday. 【错例】We have visited the Palace Museum in 2025. 【正例】We visited the Palace Museum in 2025. 【错例】I have seen him three days ago at the school gate. 【正例】I saw him three days ago at the school gate. 【语法规则】 明确过去时间状,一律使用过去时;现在完成不指时,强调经历与影响。 易错点 7:假期经历叙述中的时态一致性与连词误用 【易错点】 在同一段叙述中出现时态混用,写成 Last summer I go to Hainan and I am very happy。 【错因】 学生在写作时逐句构思,未从整段的时间背景出发统一时态。英语中叙述过去发生的一连串动作时,各分句的谓语动词都应使用过去式,以保持时态一致,这是叙事性语篇的基本要求。此外,学生在连接过去事件时容易用 and 连接语义相反的内容,忽略了 but 的转折功能。学生出错的原因是把每个分句当作独立句子处理,忽略了语篇层面的时态统一与逻辑连贯。 【正误对比】 【错例】Last summer holiday I go to Hainan with my family and I am very happy. 【正例】Last summer holiday I went to Hainan with my family and I was very happy. 【错例】We visited many interesting places, and the weather was not good. 【正例】We visited many interesting places, but the weather was not good. 【错例】I took many photos and I buy some local food for my friends. 【正例】I took many photos and I bought some local food for my friends. 【语法规则】 叙述过去一连串,各句谓语统一过;语义相反用 but,时态一致是原则。 Unit 1 Happy Holiday 配套练习 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. I didn't see (someone) in the school hall yesterday. 2. Everyone (be) very excited about the coming summer holiday. 3. Did you go to (somewhere) interesting during your holiday? 4. We (take) a lot of photos during our trip to Mount Huangshan. 5. My mother (buy) some local food for us last week. 6. I didn't (go) to the beach because it rained heavily. 7. you (see) the beautiful sunrise on the mountain? 8. I want to tell you (something) special about my trip. 9. We (visit) the Palace Museum in 2025. 10. Everything (go) well during our trip to Yunnan. 二、按要求改写句子 11. I went to Yunnan last summer holiday. (改为否定句) I to Yunnan last summer holiday. 12. She visited her grandparents during the holiday. (改为一般疑问句) she her grandparents during the holiday? 13. We stayed in Beijing for a week. (对划线部分提问) did you stay in Beijing? 14. There is nothing interesting in this book. (改为同义句) There isn't interesting in this book. 15. Everyone enjoyed the trip very much. (改为否定句) enjoyed the trip. 三、单句改错(每句有一处错误) 16. (诊断改错)I didn't see someone in the school hall yesterday. -> 17. (诊断改错)Everyone are very excited about the coming summer holiday. -> 18. (诊断改错)Did you go to interesting somewhere during your holiday? -> 19. (诊断改错)I didn't went to the beach because it rained heavily. -> 20. (诊断改错)I have been to Yunnan with my parents last summer holiday. -> 四、语篇语法填空 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Last summer holiday, I 1. (go) to Yunnan with my family. We 2. (spend) a whole week there. 3. (something) in Yunnan was new to me. The sky was blue and the air was fresh. We 4. (visit) many interesting places. 5. (everyone) in my family enjoyed the trip very much. One day, we 6. (climb) a high mountain to see the sunrise. It was so beautiful that 7. (no one) wanted to leave. I 8. (take) more than two hundred photos. I also 9. (buy) some local food for my friends. Did you go 10. (somewhere) interesting last summer? Please tell me about your holiday. Unit 2 Home Sweet Home 【单元话题】 家庭劳动分工、家居布置与待客之道 【语法项目】 情态动词 can / could 表示请求与许可 易错点 1:can 与 could 表请求时的礼貌程度误判 【易错点】 把“您能帮我一下吗”写成 Can you help me? 时误认为 could 是过去式、不能用于现在。 【错因】 学生只掌握 could 是 can 的过去式这一用法,未注意 could 还可以用于现在时语境表示更委婉的请求。英语中,can 与 could 都可表示请求,但 could 语气更委婉、更礼貌,并非表示过去时间。因此向长辈、老师或陌生人提出请求时,用 Could you ? 更得体;向熟人或朋友提出请求时,用 Can you ? 即可。 【正误对比】 【错例】Could you helped me with the housework now? 【正例】Could you help me with the housework now? 【错例】Excuse me, can you tell me how to get to the post office?(对陌生人宜用 could) 【正例】Excuse me, could you tell me how to get to the post office? 【错例】Could you to open the window for me? 【正例】Could you open the window for me? 【语法规则】 could 不表过去表委婉,对长辈陌生人更得体;can 用于熟人朋友,后接动词原形。 易错点 2:Could you ? 的答语误用 could 【易错点】 把 Could you help me? 的肯定回答写成 Yes, I could.。 【错因】 学生把问句中的 could 直接搬进答语,回答 Yes, I could.,未注意答语中应使用 can。英语中,Could you ? 虽用 could 提问,但表示的是现在的请求,因此肯定回答用 Yes, sure. / Yes, I can.,否定回答用 Sorry, I can't.。这一现象与 Could I ? 的答语规则一致。学生出错的原因是只做了形式上的对应,未理解 could 在此处表委婉而非表过去。 【正误对比】 【错例】— Could you help me clean the living room? — Yes, I could. 【正例】— Could you help me clean the living room? — Yes, sure. / Yes, I can. 【错例】— Could I use your phone? — Yes, you could. 【正例】— Could I use your phone? — Yes, you can. 【错例】— Could you pass me the salt? — No, I couldn't. 【正例】— Could you pass me the salt? — Sorry, I can't. 【语法规则】 Could 提问 can 作答,形式不一莫照搬;肯定 Yes, I can,否定 Sorry, I can't。 易错点 3:can / could 表请求与表能力的语义混淆 【易错点】 把“你能帮我做家务吗”理解为询问能力,答成 Yes, I can do housework。 【错因】 学生把 can 一律理解为“能够、会”,未注意 can 在疑问句中还可以表示请求,此时句子的重点在于“请你做某事”,而不是“你有没有能力做”。判断依据是语境:Can you ? 若用于请求,答语用 Sure. / Of course. / Sorry, I can't.;若用于询问能力,答语用 Yes, I can. 并说明具体技能。 【正误对比】 【错例】— Can you help me do the dishes? — Yes, I can do the dishes.(答语生硬,不符合请求语境) 【正例】— Can you help me do the dishes? — Sure, I'd love to. 【错例】— Can you speak Japanese? — Sure, I'd love to. 【正例】— Can you speak Japanese? — Yes, I can. 【错例】— Could you play the piano when you were five? — Sure, I'd love to. 【正例】— Could you play the piano when you were five? — Yes, I could. 【语法规则】 请求答 Sure/Of course,能力答 Yes, I can;语境不同义不同,判断依据看场合。 易错点 4:Can I ? 与 Can you ? 的语义指向混用 【易错点】 把“我可以借用你的手机吗”写成 Can you lend me your phone?(虽意思相近,但用于请求许可时应说 Can I borrow your phone?)。 【错因】 学生把 Can I ? 与 Can you ? 视为同一句型的两种写法,未注意二者的语义指向完全不同。英语中,Can/Could I ? 用于请求许可,即“我可以……吗”,主语是说话人自己;Can/Could you ? 用于提出请求,即“你能……吗”,主语是听话人。学生出错的原因是没有把主语的人称与句子的功能对应起来。 【正误对比】 【错例】— Can you use your computer for a while?(若想表达“我可以用一下吗”) 【正例】— Can I use your computer for a while? 【错例】— Could I help you with the housework?(若想表达“你能帮我吗”) 【正例】— Could you help me with the housework? 【错例】— May I use your phone? — Yes, you may.(初中阶段更常用 can/could) 【正例】— Could I use your phone? — Yes, you can. 【语法规则】 Can I 求许可,Can you 提请求;主语不同功能不同,人称对应莫搞错。 易错点 5:请求句型中动词形式的错误 【易错点】 把“请你把窗户打开好吗”写成 Could you opening the window?,把“我可以帮你吗”写成 Can I to help you? 【错因】 学生把 can/could 后的动词形式与介词后接动名词的规则混淆,出现动名词或不定式的错误形式。英语语法规定:情态动词 can、could 后必须接动词原形,既不加 -ing 也不加 to。这一规则适用于所有情态动词。学生出错的原因是未把“情态动词 + 动词原形”作为固定结构来记忆。 【正误对比】 【错例】Could you opening the window for me? It is a bit hot here. 【正例】Could you open the window for me? It is a bit hot here. 【错例】Can I to help you with the housework? 【正例】Can I help you with the housework? 【错例】Could you please to turn down the music? 【正例】Could you please turn down the music? 【语法规则】 can/could 后接动词原形,不加 -ing 不加 to;情态动词固定式,形式统一莫变通。 易错点 6:家务与待客情境中的常见搭配错误 【易错点】 把“做家务”写成 do the houseworks,把“整理房间”写成 clean up my room 时误写为 clean my room up 的位置错误,把“为客人做准备”写成 prepare for the guests 时误用 prepare to。 【错因】 学生的错误集中在固定搭配上:① housework 是不可数名词,没有复数形式;② “动词 + 副词”型短语接名词时位置灵活,但接代词时必须把代词放在中间(clean it up,不能写成 clean up it);③ prepare for 表示“为……做准备”,for 不能换成 to。学生出错的原因是只记住短语的大意,未掌握其结构与搭配限制。 【正误对比】 【错例】I often help my mother do the houseworks on weekends. 【正例】I often help my mother do the housework on weekends. 【错例】Your room is messy. Please clean up it now. 【正例】Your room is messy. Please clean it up now. 【错例】We need to prepare to our guests' arrival. 【正例】We need to prepare for our guests' arrival. 【语法规则】 housework 不可数,无复数形式;代词置于动副短语中间;prepare for 固定搭配。 Unit 2 Home Sweet Home 配套练习 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. Could you (help) me with the housework now? 2. I use your phone for a while? 3. — Could you pass me the salt? — Yes, . 4. I often help my mother do the (housework) on weekends. 5. Your room is messy. Please clean up now. 6. We need to prepare our guests' arrival. 7. Could you please (turn) down the music? 8. — Can you speak Japanese? — Yes, I . 9. My brother can (cook) simple meals by himself. 10. you please open the window? It is a bit hot here. 二、按要求改写句子 11. Can you help me clean the living room? (用 could 改写,使语气更委婉) you me clean the living room? 12. I can use your computer. (改为请求许可的疑问句) I your computer? 13. Could you open the door for me? (作肯定回答) Yes, . 14. She can do the dishes by herself. (改为一般疑问句) she the dishes by herself? 15. Please turn down the TV. (用 Could you please 改写句子) you please down the TV? 三、单句改错(每句有一处错误) 16. (诊断改错)Could you opening the window for me? It is a bit hot here. -> 17. (诊断改错)— Could you help me clean the living room? — Yes, I could. -> 18. (诊断改错)I often help my mother do the houseworks on weekends. -> 19. (诊断改错)Your room is messy. Please clean up it now. -> 20. (诊断改错)We need to prepare to our guests' arrival. -> 四、语篇语法填空 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 My family are busy preparing for the Spring Festival. There is a lot of housework to do. I say to my mother, "1. you please let me help you?" She smiles and says, "Yes, you 2. . Thank you, dear." I ask my brother, "3. you help me clean the windows?" He says, "Sure, I'd love to." My father is preparing 4. our guests' arrival. He 5. (clean) the living room and puts fresh flowers on the table. "6. I put the fruit on this plate?" I ask. "Of course, you 7. ," says my father. At six o'clock, everything 8. (be) ready. Our guests arrive and say, "What a sweet home you have!" We all feel very happy. I think everyone 9. (can) do something for the family. When we work together, our home 10. (become) a warmer place. Unit 3 Same or Different? 【单元话题】 朋友之间的异同比较、相互理解与和而不同 【语法项目】 形容词副词的比较级(-(i)er 与 more);as as 结构 易错点 1:比较级的构成方式误用 -er 与 more 【易错点】 把 more tall 写成 more taller,把 beautiful 的比较级写成 beautifuler,把 outgoing 的比较级写成 more outgoing 时误写为 outgoinger。 【错因】 学生未掌握比较级构成的基本规则:单音节词和部分双音节词加 -er(tall—taller、happy—happier);多音节词和部分双音节词前加 more(beautiful—more beautiful、outgoing—more outgoing)。学生出错的根源是只记住其中一种方式,遇到词形较长或较短的形容词时便随意套用。此外,学生容易在 more 后再加 -er,形成重复标记。 【正误对比】 【错例】My brother is more taller than me, but I am more outgoing than him. 【正例】My brother is taller than me, but I am more outgoing than him. 【错例】This picture is beautifuler than that one. 【正例】This picture is more beautiful than that one. 【错例】He is more outgoinger than his brother. 【正例】He is more outgoing than his brother. 【语法规则】 单音节加 -er,多音节前加 more;more 后不加 -er,两者只选其一。 易错点 2:比较级句型中 than 的遗漏与误用 【易错点】 把“他比我高”写成 He is taller I,把“她比我更努力”写成 She works harder me。 【错因】 学生把汉语的“比他高”直接对应成“taller + 他”,遗漏了英语中表示比较必须使用的 than 这一连接词。英语中,比较级句型的基本结构为“A + be/实义动词 + 比较级 + than + B”。学生出错的原因是把汉语的“比”字结构与英语的 than 结构混为一谈,未建立 than 作为比较句标志词的意识。 【正误对比】 【错例】He is taller I, but I am stronger he. 【正例】He is taller than me, but I am stronger than him. 【错例】She works harder me and gets better grades. 【正例】She works harder than me and gets better grades. 【错例】My English is better than he. 【正例】My English is better than his. 【语法规则】 比较级后接 than,标志词不可省;than 后接名词或宾格,比较对象须对等。 易错点 3:as as 结构中误用比较级 【易错点】 把“他和我一样高”写成 He is as taller as me。 【错因】 学生把 as as 结构理解为比较级的一种,在 as 之间使用比较级形式,形成 as taller as 这类错误。英语语法规定:as as 结构表示“和……一样”,两个 as 之间必须用形容词或副词的原级,不能用比较级。其否定形式为 not as/so as,表示“不如……”。这一结构的核心特征是“同级比较”,与比较级的“差级比较”形成对照。 【正误对比】 【错例】He is as taller as me, but we have different hobbies. 【正例】He is as tall as me, but we have different hobbies. 【错例】She sings as more beautifully as her sister. 【正例】She sings as beautifully as her sister. 【错例】My English is as better as his. 【正例】My English is as good as his. 【语法规则】 as as 中间用原级,不用比较级;同级比较用原形,差级比较才用比较级。 易错点 4:not as as 与比较级的转换错误 【易错点】 把“他不如我高”写成 He is not as taller as me。 【错因】 学生不了解 not as as 结构与“less than”或“比较级 + than”之间的转换关系,在改写句子时出现形式错误。英语中,not as/so as 表示“不如……”,可转换为“less + 原级 + than”或“反义形容词的比较级 + than”。例如:He is not as tall as me. = He is shorter than me. 转换的关键是把握语义的等价性。学生出错的原因是没有对这类转换进行归纳。 【正误对比】 【错例】He is not as taller as me, so he sits in the front row. 【正例】He is not as tall as me, so he sits in the front row. 【错例】My bike is not as newer as yours. 【正例】My bike is not as new as yours. / My bike is older than yours. 【错例】She is not as more outgoing as her sister. 【正例】She is not as outgoing as her sister. 【语法规则】 not as as 表不如,中间仍用原级;可换反义比较级,语义等价莫出错。 易错点 5:比较级前的修饰词误用 very 【易错点】 把“他比我高得多”写成 He is very taller than me。 【错因】 学生把 very 当作可以修饰任何形容词的通用副词,未注意 very 不能修饰比较级。英语中,修饰比较级的程度副词有 much、far、a lot、a little、a bit、even、still 等(much taller、a little taller);very 只能修饰原级(very tall)。学生出错的原因是没有对这两类副词的修饰对象进行区分。 【正误对比】 【错例】He is very taller than me, so he always helps me get things from the top shelf. 【正例】He is much taller than me, so he always helps me get things from the top shelf. 【错例】This book is very more interesting than that one. 【正例】This book is much more interesting than that one. 【错例】She is more a little outgoing than her brother. 【正例】She is a little more outgoing than her brother. 【语法规则】 very 修饰原级,much/a little 修饰比较级;a little 置于 more 之前,位置莫颠倒。 易错点 6:比较对象不一致造成的逻辑错误 【易错点】 把“我的英语比他的好”写成 My English is better than him。 【错因】 学生只注意比较级的语法形式,未注意比较的两个对象必须在类别上对等。英语中,比较句要求前后比较的对象属于同一类别:My hair is longer than hers.(我的头发 vs 她的头发),不能写成 My hair is longer than her.(我的头发 vs 她这个人)。学生出错的原因是把汉语的省略表达习惯迁移到英语中,造成比较对象错位。 【正误对比】 【错例】My English is better than him, so I often help him with it. 【正例】My English is better than his, so I often help him with it. 【错例】The weather in Beijing is colder than Shanghai. 【正例】The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Shanghai. 【错例】My bike is newer than my brother. 【正例】My bike is newer than my brother's. 【语法规则】 比较对象须对等,同类相比才合理;名词用名词性物主代词,避免人与物相比。 易错点 7:不规则比较级形式与词形变化遗漏 【易错点】 把 good 的比较级写成 gooder,把 many 的比较级写成 manyer,把 little 的比较级写成 littler。 【错因】 学生对不规则比较级缺乏专门记忆,按一般规则处理。英语中,常见的不规则比较级有:good/well—better、bad/badly/ill—worse、many/much—more、little—less、far—farther/further、old—older/elder。此外,以“辅音字母 + y”结尾的形容词变 y 为 i 再加 -er(happy—happier、early—earlier),重读闭音节双写末辅音再加 -er(big—bigger、thin—thinner)。 【正误对比】 【错例】My English is gooder than his, but his maths is better than mine. 【正例】My English is better than his, but his maths is better than mine. 【错例】He has manyer friends than me. 【正例】He has more friends than me. 【错例】This box is biger and heavyer than that one. 【正例】This box is bigger and heavier than that one. 【语法规则】 good/well 变 better,bad 变 worse,many/much 变 more;y 尾变 i 加 -er,重读闭音节双写。 Unit 3 Same or Different? 配套练习 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. My brother is (tall) than me, but I am (outgoing) than him. 2. This picture is (beautiful) than that one. 3. He is as (tall) as me, but we have different hobbies. 4. She is not as (outgoing) as her sister. 5. He is (much) taller than me, so he sits in the back row. 6. My English is (good) than (he). 7. He has (many) friends than me. 8. This box is (big) and (heavy) than that one. 9. She sings as (beautiful) as her sister. 10. My bike is not as (new) as yours. 二、按要求改写句子 11. He is taller than me. (改为同义句,用 not as as) I am as him. 12. She is more outgoing than her sister. (改为同义句,用 not as as) Her sister is as her. 13. My hair is long. Her hair is longer. (合并为一个句子) Her hair is mine. 14. Tom is 1.6 metres tall. Jack is 1.6 metres tall, too. (用 as as 合并句子) Tom is Jack. 15. This book is much more interesting than that one. (对划线部分提问) this book that one? 三、单句改错(每句有一处错误) 16. (诊断改错)My brother is more taller than me, but I am more outgoing than him. -> 17. (诊断改错)He is as taller as me, but we have different hobbies. -> 18. (诊断改错)He is very taller than me, so he always helps me. -> 19. (诊断改错)My English is better than him, so I often help him with it. -> 20. (诊断改错)This box is biger and heavyer than that one. -> 四、语篇语法填空 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 My best friend Li Ming and I are very different. He is 1. (tall) than me, but I am 2. (outgoing) than him. He is good at maths, and his maths is much 3. (good) than mine. But my English is 4. (good) than 5. (he). We are quite different, but we get along very well. Li Ming is 6. (quiet) than me, and he likes reading 7. (many) books than I do. I like sports, and I am 8. (strong) than him. He is not as 9. (strong) as me, but he runs 10. (fast) than me. We often help each other. I think being different is not a bad thing at all. Unit 4 Amazing Plants and Animals 【单元话题】 神奇的动植物、生态价值与生物多样性保护 【语法项目】 形容词副词的最高级(-(i)est 与 most) 易错点 1:最高级的构成方式误用 -est 与 most 【易错点】 把 the most tallest 写成 the most tallest,把 beautiful 的最高级写成 beautifulest。 【错因】 学生未掌握最高级构成的基本规则:单音节词和部分双音节词加 -est(tall—tallest、big—biggest);多音节词和部分双音节词前加 most(beautiful—most beautiful、amazing—most amazing)。学生出错的根源是只记住其中一种方式,遇到词形较长或较短的形容词时便随意套用,也容易在 most 后再加 -est,形成重复标记。 【正误对比】 【错例】The blue whale is the most largest animal in the world. 【正例】The blue whale is the largest animal in the world. 【错例】This is the beautifulest flower in our garden. 【正例】This is the most beautiful flower in our garden. 【错例】The bee is one of the most busiest insects in nature. 【正例】The bee is one of the busiest insects in nature. 【语法规则】 单音节加 -est,多音节前加 most;most 后不加 -est,两者只选其一。 易错点 2:最高级前定冠词 the 的遗漏 【易错点】 把“他是我们班最高的”写成 He is tallest in our class。 【错因】 学生只记住最高级的形式,未注意形容词最高级前通常须加定冠词 the 这一规则。英语中,形容词最高级表示“最……”,在句中作定语或表语时,前面一般都要加 the(the tallest、the most beautiful)。学生出错的原因是把最高级当作与比较级并列的形式,忽略了 the 是最高级的标志性成分。 【正误对比】 【错例】The blue whale is largest animal in the world. 【正例】The blue whale is the largest animal in the world. 【错例】The bee is busiest insect in the garden. 【正例】The bee is the busiest insect in the garden. 【错例】She is most beautiful girl in our class. 【正例】She is the most beautiful girl in our class. 【语法规则】 形容词最高级前加 the,标志成分不可省;作定语作表语皆如此。 易错点 3:最高级后 in 与 of 短语的适用对象误判 【易错点】 把“他是我们班最高的学生”写成 He is the tallest of our class。 【错因】 学生把 in 与 of 视为可以互换,未掌握二者在最高级句型中的分工。英语中,in 后接表示范围或场所的名词(in the world、in our class、in China);of 后接表示同类事物或人的复数名词或代词(of all the students、of the three、of us)。判断依据是后面的名词是“范围”还是“同类个体”。学生出错的原因是没有把短语类型与语义功能对应起来。 【正误对比】 【错例】He is the tallest of our class, and he plays basketball best. 【正例】He is the tallest in our class, and he plays basketball best. 【错例】The blue whale is the largest animal of the world. 【正例】The blue whale is the largest animal in the world. 【错例】She is the most hard-working in all the students. 【正例】She is the most hard-working of all the students. 【语法规则】 in 后接范围场所,of 后接同类复数;范围用 in 个体用 of,判断依据看后词。 易错点 4:one of the + 最高级 + 复数名词的结构错误 【易错点】 把“熊猫是最可爱的动物之一”写成 The panda is one of the most lovely animal in the world。 【错因】 学生把 one of 理解为“一个”,后面的名词误用单数,未注意 one of 表示“其中之一”,其后必须接复数名词这一规则。英语中,one of the + 最高级 + 复数名词 表示“最……的之一”,谓语动词用单数(因为主语是 one)。学生出错的两个根源:一是忽略了名词须用复数,二是谓语动词的数判断错误。 【正误对比】 【错例】The panda is one of the most lovely animal in the world. 【正例】The panda is one of the most lovely animals in the world. 【错例】Bamboo is one of the fastest growing plant in nature. 【正例】Bamboo is one of the fastest growing plants in nature. 【错例】He is one of the best student in our class. 【正例】He is one of the best students in our class. 【语法规则】 one of the + 最高级 + 复数名词,谓语动词用单数;名词复数不可省。 易错点 5:不规则最高级形式与词形变化遗漏 【易错点】 把 good 的最高级写成 goodest,把 many 的最高级写成 manyest,把 bad 的最高级写成 baddest。 【错因】 学生对不规则最高级缺乏专门记忆,按一般规则处理。英语中,常见的不规则最高级有:good/well—best、bad/badly/ill—worst、many/much—most、little—least、far—farthest/furthest、old—oldest/eldest。此外,以“辅音字母 + y”结尾的形容词变 y 为 i 再加 -est(happy—happiest、busy—busiest),重读闭音节双写末辅音再加 -est(big—biggest、thin—thinnest)。 【正误对比】 【错例】The bee is the goodest example of teamwork in nature. 【正例】The bee is the best example of teamwork in nature. 【错例】This is the manyest interesting animal in the book. 【正例】This is the most interesting animal in the book. 【错例】The bigest animal in the world is the blue whale. 【正例】The biggest animal in the world is the blue whale. 【语法规则】 good/well 变 best,bad 变 worst,many/much 变 most;y 尾变 i 加 -est,重读闭音节双写。 易错点 6:最高级与比较级的适用语境混淆 【易错点】 把“在我们班,他是最高的”写成 In our class, he is taller。 【错因】 学生只关注形容词的形式变化,未根据比较对象的数量选择合适的形式。英语中,比较级用于两者之间的比较(He is taller than me.);最高级用于三者或三者以上之间的比较(He is the tallest in our class.)。判断依据是参与比较的对象数量。学生出错的原因是没有在选用形式前先确认比较范围。 【正误对比】 【错例】Of the three animals, the panda is the more lovely. 【正例】Of the three animals, the panda is the most lovely. 【错例】Of the two boys, he is the tallest. 【正例】Of the two boys, he is the taller. 【错例】In our class, he is taller. 【正例】In our class, he is the tallest. 【语法规则】 两者比较用比较级,三者以上用最高级;比较范围定形式,数量判断是前提。 Unit 4 Amazing Plants and Animals 配套练习 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. The blue whale is (large) animal in the world. 2. This is (beautiful) flower in our garden. 3. He is the (tall) boy in our class. 4. The panda is one of the (lovely) animals in the world. 5. The bee is the (good) example of teamwork in nature. 6. Bamboo is one of the (fast) growing plants in nature. 7. She is the (hard-working) student in our class. 8. Of the three animals, the panda is the (lovely). 9. The (big) animal in the world is the blue whale. 10. The bee is the (busy) insect in the garden. 二、按要求改写句子 11. Tom is 1.7 metres tall. Jack is 1.6 metres tall. Mike is 1.5 metres tall. (用最高级改写句子) Tom is of the three boys. 12. The blue whale is the largest animal in the world. (对划线部分) the largest animal in the world? 13. He is taller than any other student in our class. (改为同义句,用最高级) He is student in our class. 14. The panda is very lovely. It is one of the most lovely animals. (合并为一个句子) The panda is one of animals in the world. 15. She is the most hard-working student in our class. (对划线部分提问) she in your class? 三、单句改错(每句有一处错误) 16. (诊断改错)The blue whale is the most largest animal in the world. -> 17. (诊断改错)The blue whale is largest animal in the world. -> 18. (诊断改错)He is the tallest of our class, and he plays basketball best. -> 19. (诊断改错)The panda is one of the most lovely animal in the world. -> 20. (诊断改错)The bee is the goodest example of teamwork in nature. -> 四、语篇语法填空 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Plants and animals are amazing. The blue whale is 1. (large) animal in the world. It can grow up to thirty metres long. The panda is one of the 2. (lovely) animals in the world, and it is also one of the 3. (rare) animals. Bamboo is one of the 4. (fast) growing plants in nature. It can grow more than one metre in a single day. The bee is 5. (busy) insect in the garden. It works hard all day and helps flowers grow. Among all the animals, I like the dolphin 6. (well) because it is very clever. Of all the plants in our school garden, the sunflower is 7. (beautiful). We should protect 8. (they) because they are our friends. The earth is 9. (we) only home, and it is 10. (important) thing for us to protect it. Unit 5 What a Delicious Meal! 【单元话题】 中西方美食制作、饮食文化与食物中的情感记忆 【语法项目】 感叹句;可数名词与不可数名词 易错点 1:感叹句中 What 与 How 的选用依据错误 【易错点】 把“多么美味的食物啊”写成 How delicious food,把“这道菜多么好吃啊”写成 What delicious the dish is。 【错因】 学生把 What 与 How 视为可以互换的感叹词,未掌握二者的选用依据。英语中,What 用于感叹名词(What a delicious meal!),How 用于感叹形容词或副词(How delicious the meal is!)。判断方法:看感叹的中心词是名词还是形容词/副词——中心词是名词用 What,中心词是形容词或副词用 How。 【正误对比】 【错例】How delicious food it is! 【正例】What delicious food it is! / How delicious the food is! 【错例】What delicious the dish is! 【正例】How delicious the dish is! / What a delicious dish it is! 【错例】How nice meal it is! 【正例】What a nice meal it is! 【语法规则】 What 感叹名词,How 感叹形容词副词;看中心词定感叹词,两者不可随意换。 易错点 2:What 感叹句中冠词的遗漏与误用 【易错点】 把“多么好吃的蛋糕啊”写成 What delicious cake it is!(若指一块蛋糕,应加 a)。 【错因】 学生只记住 What 用于感叹名词,未掌握其后是否加 a/an 的判断依据。英语中,What 感叹句有三种结构:① What a/an + 形容词 + 单数可数名词 + 主语 + 谓语;② What + 形容词 + 复数名词 + 主语 + 谓语;③ What + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + 主语 + 谓语。判断依据是名词是可数还是不可数、是单数还是复数。 【正误对比】 【错例】What delicious cake it is!(指一整块蛋糕时) 【正例】What a delicious cake it is! 【错例】What a fresh vegetables they are! 【正例】What fresh vegetables they are! 【错例】What nice soup is it! 【正例】What nice soup it is! 【语法规则】 单数可数加 a/an,复数不可数都不加;What 后名词先判断,冠词使用有依据。 易错点 3:How 感叹句的结构错误 【易错点】 把“这汤多么好喝啊”写成 How delicious soup! 【错因】 学生把 How 感叹句与 What 感叹句的结构混淆,在 How 后接名词,或遗漏了句子的主语和谓语。英语中,How 感叹句有两种结构:① How + 形容词/副词 + 主语 + 谓语(How delicious the soup is!);② How + 形容词 + a/an + 单数可数名词 + 主语 + 谓语(How delicious a soup it is!,较少用)。学生出错的原因是没有掌握 How 后接形容词或副词这一基本要求。 【正误对比】 【错例】How delicious soup! 【正例】How delicious the soup is! / What delicious soup it is! 【错例】How beautiful flowers they are! 【正例】How beautiful the flowers are! / What beautiful flowers they are! 【错例】How fast does he run!(How 感叹句用陈述语序) 【正例】How fast he runs! 【语法规则】 How 后接形容词副词,主谓成分不可省;名词不接 How 后,感叹名词用 What。 易错点 4:可数名词与不可数名词的混用 【易错点】 把 food 当作可数名词写成 many foods,把 bread 写成 a bread,把 soup 写成 soups。 【错因】 受汉语影响,学生认为凡是名词都可以计数,忽略英语中不可数名词不能直接用数词或 a/an 修饰这一限制。英语中,food、bread、soup、rice、meat、milk、water、sugar、salt 等在初中阶段通常作不可数名词处理,没有复数形式,表示数量时须借助单位词(a piece of bread、a bowl of soup、two cups of milk)。 【正误对比】 【错例】There are many foods on the table, and I want a bread. 【正例】There is much food on the table, and I want a piece of bread. 【错例】My mother made two soups for dinner. 【正例】My mother made two bowls of soup for dinner. 【错例】I need two sugars for my coffee. 【正例】I need two spoons of sugar for my coffee. 【语法规则】 不可数名词无复数,a/an 数词都不加;表示数量借单位,a piece of、two bowls of。 易错点 5:不可数名词的量词表达与主谓一致错误 【易错点】 把“两杯牛奶”写成 two cup of milk,把“一碗汤”写成 a bowl of soups。 【错因】 学生的错误包含两个层面:① 量词名词的单复数错误——量词本身是可数名词,数词大于 1 时须用复数(two cups of);② 不可数名词加了复数(a bowl of soup,soup 不加 -s)。此外,在 there be 句型中,谓语动词的形式由量词的单复数决定(There are two cups of milk on the table.)。 【正误对比】 【错例】There are two cup of milk on the table. 【正例】There are two cups of milk on the table. 【错例】My mother made a bowl of soups for me. 【正例】My mother made a bowl of soup for me. 【错例】There is three pieces of bread on the plate. 【正例】There are three pieces of bread on the plate. 【语法规则】 量词可数须变复,不可数名词不变形;There be 谓语看量词,数词大于 1 用复数。 易错点 6:how many 与 how much 的选用错误 【易错点】 把“我们需要多少牛奶”写成 How many milk do we need? 【错因】 学生把 how many 与 how much 视为同义表达,未掌握二者在适用对象上的分工。英语中,how many 后接可数名词复数(How many eggs do we need?);how much 后接不可数名词(How much milk do we need?)。此外,how much 还可用于询问价格(How much is it?)。学生出错的原因是没有把疑问短语与名词的可数性对应起来。 【正误对比】 【错例】How many milk do we need for the cake? 【正例】How much milk do we need for the cake? 【错例】How much eggs do we need for the cake? 【正例】How many eggs do we need for the cake? 【错例】How many is this delicious cake? 【正例】How much is this delicious cake? 【语法规则】 how many 后接可数复,how much 后接不可数;问价格也用 how much,判断依据看名词。 易错点 7:食物制作描述中动词与副词的位置错误 【易错点】 把“先把土豆洗干净,然后切成片”写成 First wash the potatoes cleanly, then cut them into pieces 时误用 cleanly。 【错因】 学生把 clean(形容词/动词)与 cleanly(副词)混用,未注意 wash 后接形容词作宾语补足语这一用法。英语中,wash sth. clean(把某物洗干净)、cut sth. into pieces(把某物切成片)、put sth. into(把某物放进)都是固定表达。此外,描述制作过程的顺序副词(first、then、next、after that、finally)须置于句首并用逗号分隔。 【正误对比】 【错例】First wash the potatoes cleanly, then cut them into piece. 【正例】First wash the potatoes clean, then cut them into pieces. 【错例】Then put the soup into a bowl and add some salts. 【正例】Then put the soup into a bowl and add some salt. 【错例】Finally, you can eat it with your family happily together. 【正例】Finally