专题01非限制性定语从句（期中复习讲义）高二英语上学期外研版

专题02 非限制性定语从句 01 期中考情透视 02 复习目标锚定 03 知识体系构建 04 核心考点精讲 考点一 本质与标点 / 考点二 关系代词 / 考点三 关系副词 考点四 as与which / 考点五 介词及数量结构 / 考点六 句式迁移 05 限时分层演练 基础固本练 / 综合进阶练 本专题聚焦高考英语语法填空、阅读长难句理解和应用文写作中的非限制性定语从句。命题常通过逗号后的补充信息考查关系词的指代对象与句法功能，并将“which指代整句”“as表示正如”“介词＋关系代词”等结构设为高频考点。 识记 说清非限制性定语从句的功能、标点规则；掌握who / whom / whose / which / as / when / where；牢记“不用that、关系词不可省略”。 理解 以先行词和从句缺少的成分为依据，辨析which与as、where / when与which、介词＋关系代词及数量结构。 应用 准确完成高考语法填空；快速提取阅读长难句主干；在应用文和读后续写中用非限制性定语从句补充人物、背景与结果。 知识主线：找准先行词 → 判断从句中缺少的成分 → 检查逗号、语义与介词搭配。 考点一 本质、标点与限制性定语从句的区别 1. 功能：限制性定语从句限定先行词的身份或范围；非限制性定语从句提供补充说明信息，删去后主句仍能表达核心事实，通常用逗号与主句隔开。 The students who volunteered for the project received certificates. The students, who volunteered for the project, received certificates. 第二句表示这些学生都参加了该项目，并且获得了证书；从句只是提供补充信息。 ⚠️避坑指南 非限制性定语从句中不能用that，关系代词不可省略；应先确认空格属于定语从句，不能将逗号后的并列分句误判为从句。 考点二 关系代词who / whom / whose / which 2. 指人且从句缺主语用who；关系词作宾语可用whom；表所属用whose；指物或指代整句用which。 Professor Li, whose team has made progress in clean energy, will give a lecture. 李教授的团队在清洁能源领域取得进展，他将作专题讲座。（whose在从句中作定语） Ms Green, to whom I sent the report, replied immediately. ⚠️概念辨析 who通常作主语，也可在较不正式的语体中作宾语；whom主要作宾语。介词前置时，书面表达一般采用“介词＋whom”。 考点三 where / when与which：先分析从句成分 3. where与when分别在从句中作地点状语和时间状语；地点词、时间词只是线索，最终要看从句缺少什么成分。 The library, where we met for the first time, is being renovated. The library, which we visited last Sunday, is being renovated. 同一个先行词library：第一句的定语从句缺地点状语，第二句的visited缺宾语，因此分别选where与which。 The ceremony will take place in November, when the weather is usually pleasant. 考点四 which与as指代整个主句：高考高频 4. which可指代前面主句所说的整件事，说明结果、影响或评价；此种用法通常位于主句之后。 The research team failed to meet the deadline, which surprised their supervisor. 研究团队未能如期完成任务，这让指导老师很意外。（which指代前面整件事，在从句中作主语） 5. as通常具有“正如”的含义，可位于主句前、中、后，常见结构：As is known to all; As is often the case; As was expected。 As was expected, the new reading programme attracted many students. ⚠️易混易错 “As is often the case, ...”位于句首，不能直接用which替换；表示意外结果的“..., which surprised ...”通常也不用as。 考点五 “介词＋关系代词”与数量结构 6. 介词由搭配及语义决定；介词前置时，指人用whom，指物用which，均不用that。 The programme, for which the school raised funds, will begin soon. 7. “数词／all／some／most／none＋of＋whom/which”表示整体中的部分；指人用whom，指物用which。 The club welcomed thirty new members, eight of whom were exchange students. They designed five posters, two of which were selected for the exhibition. ⚠️避坑指南 “..., some of whom ...”是非限制性定语从句；“..., and some of them ...”是并列句。若缺少and，不可直接用“..., some of them ...”连接两个完整分句。 考点六 长难句拆分与写作迁移 8. 阅读时先暂时略过非限制性定语从句，提取主句主谓，再还原从句的补充信息；写作时可用which补充结果、whose补充人物信息、where / when补充背景。 The community museum, which was restored by local volunteers, now attracts visitors from across the country. 主干：The community museum now attracts visitors. 从句补充博物馆的修复情况。 We organised a recycling campaign, which encouraged more students to reduce waste. 基础固本练（限时：15分钟） 一、单项选择（1—5题，每题只有一个最佳答案） 1．The scientist, ______ latest findings have attracted wide attention, will speak at our school. A．who B．whom C．whose D．which 【答案】C 【解析】考查whose引导的非限制性定语从句。句意：这位科学家将在我校演讲，他的最新研究成果备受关注。先行词为scientist，指人；latest findings与scientist之间存在所属关系，关系词在从句中作定语，故选C。 2．The school library, ______ students can read quietly after class, has been renovated. A．which B．where C．that D．what 【答案】B 【解析】考查where引导的非限制性定语从句。句意：学校图书馆已经翻新，学生们可以在那里课后安静阅读。students can read quietly after class主谓完整，空格处作地点状语，先行词library表示地点，故选B。 3．The graduates, ______ the head teacher had taught for three years, returned for a reunion. A．which B．whose C．that D．whom 【答案】D 【解析】考查whom引导的非限制性定语从句。句意：班主任曾教过三年的毕业生回来聚会。先行词graduates指人，taught后缺宾语；非限制性定语从句不能用that。四个选项中只有whom正确，故选D。 4．Our team completed the survey early, ______ allowed us to check the data twice. A．which B．as C．that D．where 【答案】A 【解析】考查which指代整个主句。句意：我们小组提前完成调查，这让我们能够再核查一次数据。关系词指代前面“提前完成调查”这一事实，并在从句中作主语，表达直接结果。故选A。 5．The festival will be held in October, ______ the weather is usually mild. A．which B．whom C．when D．that 【答案】C 【解析】考查when引导的非限制性定语从句。句意：节日将在十月举办，那时天气通常温和。先行词October表示时间，the weather is usually mild成分完整，关系词作时间状语，故选C。 二、语法填空（6—10题，每空填一个适当的词） 6．The engineer, ______ ideas were adopted by the committee, received an award. 【答案】whose 【解析】考查whose。句意：这位工程师的想法被委员会采纳，他因此获奖。ideas与engineer存在所属关系，whose修饰名词ideas，在从句中作定语。故填whose。 7．The town, ______ she spent most of her childhood, has changed greatly. 【答案】where 【解析】考查where。句意：她度过大部分童年的那个小镇变化很大。spent的宾语是most of her childhood，从句缺少表示“在小镇里”的地点状语。故填where。 8．Mr Gao, with ______ I worked on the project, offered helpful advice. 【答案】whom 【解析】考查“介词＋关系代词”。句意：与我一起做该项目的高先生提出了有用建议。work with sb.是固定搭配，介词with已前置，先行词Mr Gao指人，故填whom。 9．Their proposal was rejected, ______ surprised everyone in the research group. 【答案】which 【解析】考查which指代整个主句。句意：他们的提议遭否决，这令研究小组的所有人意外。关系词指代“提议被否决”这一事实，在从句中作主语，故填which。 10．The novel, the ending of ______ moved many readers, became a bestseller. 【答案】which 【解析】考查“名词＋of＋which”结构。句意：这部小说成了畅销书，它的结尾感动了许多读者。先行词novel指物，of后缺宾语；the ending of which相当于whose ending。故填which。 综合进阶练（限时：15分钟） 一、高考真题节选（1—3题，每空填一个适当的词） 1．【2025年高考全国Ⅰ卷·语法填空第56题节选】 Go, or weiqi in Chinese, ______ originated in China more than 4,000 years ago. 【答案】which 【解析】考查关系代词which。先行词是Go（围棋），指物；originated前缺主语，从句对Go的起源作补充说明，且非限制性定语从句不用that。故填which。 2．【2024年新课标Ⅱ卷·语法填空第56题节选】 Chinese cultural elements commemorating Tang Xianzu, ______ is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia,” add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon. 【答案】who 【解析】考查关系代词who。先行词Tang Xianzu指人；关系词在“is known as ...”中作主语，引导非限制性定语从句，故填who。 3．【2023年全国甲卷·语法填空第43题节选】 Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, ______ Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow.” 【答案】as 【解析】考查as引导的非限制性定语从句。句意：然而，正如雷切尔·卡森在《明日寓言》中所说，寓言这一形式如今仍有价值。as指代主句内容，作says的宾语，表示“正如”。故填as。 二、原创情境语篇（4—7题，每空填一个适当的词） An online project invited teenagers to record sounds from their neighbourhoods. The project leader, Ms Lin, 4. ______ work focuses on sound and memory, asked students to compare recordings from different seasons. They chose four places, two of 5. ______ were close to a busy road. One student recorded a riverside path, 6. ______ the sounds of birds could still be heard clearly. The recordings were displayed at a community event, 7. ______ encouraged more residents to take part. 【答案与解析】 4. whose Ms Lin指人，work与其构成所属关系，whose在从句中修饰work，故填whose。 5. which four places指物，two of which表示其中两处，在从句中作主语，故填which。 6. where 先行词a riverside path表示地点，从句成分完整，缺地点状语，故填where。 7. which 指代“录音在社区活动中展出”这一事实，在从句中作主语，故填which。 三、综合运用（8—10题） 8．【单句改错】改正句中唯一一处定语从句错误： The volunteers, that had collected the recordings, shared their findings at the event. 【答案】that → who 【解析】volunteers指人，关系词作从句主语；非限制性定语从句不能用that，应改为who。 9．【句式合并】用非限制性定语从句将两句合并为一句： The interview was postponed unexpectedly. This disappointed the entire team. 【答案】The interview was postponed unexpectedly, which disappointed the entire team. 【解析】which指代“采访意外推迟”这一事实，在从句中作主语，逗号引出补充说明。 10．【翻译表达】使用“数词＋of whom”结构翻译： 我们邀请了二十位校友参加活动，其中三位分享了自己的求学经历。 【答案】We invited twenty alumni to the event, three of whom shared stories about their school days. 【解析】先行词alumni指人，three of whom表示“其中三位”，在从句中作主语；不用three of them直接连接两分句。 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 非限制性定语从句 01 期中考情透视 02 复习目标锚定 03 知识体系构建 04 核心考点精讲 考点一 本质与标点 / 考点二 关系代词 / 考点三 关系副词 考点四 as与which / 考点五 介词及数量结构 / 考点六 句式迁移 05 限时分层演练 基础固本练 / 综合进阶练 本专题聚焦高考英语语法填空、阅读长难句理解和应用文写作中的非限制性定语从句。命题常通过逗号后的补充信息考查关系词的指代对象与句法功能，并将“which指代整句” “as表示正如” “介词＋关系代词”等组合设为区分度较高的考点。 识记 说清非限制性定语从句的功能、逗号规则；掌握who / whom / whose / which / as / when / where；牢记“不用that、关系词通常不可省略”。 理解 以先行词和从句缺少的成分为依据，辨析which与as、where / when与which、介词＋关系代词及数量结构。 应用 准确完成语法填空；迅速提取长难句主干；在应用文和读后续写中用非限制性定语从句补充人物、背景与结果。 知识主线：找准先行词 → 判断从句中缺少的成分 → 检查逗号、语义与介词搭配。 考点一 本质、标点与限制性定语从句的区别 1. 功能：限制性定语从句限定先行词的身份或范围；非限制性定语从句提供________信息，删去后主句仍能表达核心事实，通常用________与主句隔开。 The students who volunteered for the project received certificates. The students, who volunteered for the project, received certificates. 这些学生都参加了项目，并获得证书。（补充说明已知的这群学生） ⚠️避坑指南 非限制性定语从句中一般不用that，关系代词也不可省略；必须先确认空格属于定语从句，不能将逗号后的并列分句误判成从句。 考点二 关系代词 who / whom / whose / which 2. 指人、缺主语用________；宾语可用whom；表所属用________；指物或指代整句用________。 Professor Li, whose team has made progress in clean energy, will give a lecture. 李教授的团队在清洁能源领域取得了进展，他将作讲座。（whose在从句中作定语） Ms Green, to whom I sent the report, replied immediately. ⚠️概念辨析 who通常作主语，也可在较不正式的语体中作宾语；whom主要作宾语。介词前置时，书面表达优先用“介词＋whom”。 考点三 where / when 与 which：先看从句缺什么 3. where与when分别在从句中作________状语和________状语；地点词、时间词只是线索，最终要看从句的句子成分是否完整。 The library, where we met for the first time, is being renovated. The library, which we visited last Sunday, is being renovated. 同一个先行词library：第一句从句缺“在该处”的地点状语；第二句visited缺宾语，因此选which。 The ceremony will take place in November, when the weather is usually pleasant. 考点四 which与as指代整个主句：高考高频 4. which可指代前面主句的________，说明结果、影响或评价；这种用法通常位于主句________。 The research team failed to meet the deadline, which surprised their supervisor. 研究团队未能如期完成任务，这使指导老师很意外。（which指整件事） 5. as常有“________”之意，可位于主句前、中、后，常见结构：As is known to all; As is often the case; As was expected。 As was expected, the new reading programme attracted many students. ⚠️易混易错 “As is often the case, ...”置于句首，一般不能用which替换；而表示意外后果的“..., which surprised...”通常不用as。 考点五 “介词＋关系代词”与数量结构 6. 介词由搭配及语义决定；介词前置时，指人用________，指物用________，不用that。 The programme, for which the school raised funds, will begin soon. 7. “数词／all／some／most／none＋of＋whom/which”表示整体中的部分。指人用________，指物用________。 The club welcomed thirty new members, eight of whom were exchange students. They designed five posters, two of which were selected for the exhibition. ⚠️避坑指南 “..., some of whom ...”是定语从句；“..., and some of them ...”是并列句。没有and时，不可直接写“..., some of them ...”连接两个完整分句。 考点六 长难句拆分与写作迁移 8. 阅读时先跳过非限制性定语从句，提取主句主谓，再还原从句的补充信息；写作时可用which补充结果、whose补充人物信息、where/when补充背景。 The community museum, which was restored by local volunteers, now attracts visitors from across the country. 主干：The community museum now attracts visitors. 从句补充修复者及修复情况。 We organised a recycling campaign, which encouraged more students to reduce waste. 基础固本练（限时：15分钟） 一、单项选择（1—5题，每题只有一个最佳答案） 1．The scientist, ______ latest findings have attracted wide attention, will speak at our school. A．who B．whom C．whose D．which 2．The school library, ______ students can read quietly after class, has been renovated. A．which B．where C．that D．what 3．The graduates, ______ the head teacher had taught for three years, returned for a reunion. A．which B．whose C．that D．whom 4．Our team completed the survey early, ______ allowed us to check the data twice. A．which B．as C．that D．where 5．The festival will be held in October, ______ the weather is usually mild. A．which B．whom C．when D．that 二、语法填空（6—10题，每空填一个适当的词） 6．The engineer, ______ ideas were adopted by the committee, received an award. 7．The town, ______ she spent most of her childhood, has changed greatly. 8．Mr Gao, with ______ I worked on the project, offered helpful advice. 9．Their proposal was rejected, ______ surprised everyone in the research group. 10．The novel, the ending of ______ moved many readers, became a bestseller. 综合进阶练（限时：15分钟） 一、高考真题节选（1—3题，每空填一个适当的词） 1．【2025年高考英语全国Ⅰ卷·语法填空】 Go, or weiqi in Chinese, ______ originated in China more than 4,000 years ago. 2．【2024年新课标Ⅱ卷·语法填空】 Chinese cultural elements commemorating Tang Xianzu, ______ is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia,” add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon. 3．【2023年全国甲卷·语法填空】 Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, ______ Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow.” 二、原创情境语篇（4—7题，每空填一个适当的词） An online project invited teenagers to record sounds from their neighbourhoods. The project leader, Ms Lin, 4. ______ work focuses on sound and memory, asked students to compare recordings from different seasons. They chose four places, two of 5. ______ were close to a busy road. One student recorded a riverside path, 6. ______ the sounds of birds could still be heard clearly. The recordings were displayed at a community event, 7. ______ encouraged more residents to take part. 三、综合运用（8—10题） 8．【单句改错】改正句中唯一一处定语从句错误： The volunteers, that had collected the recordings, shared their findings at the event. 改正：____________________________________________________________ 9．【句式合并】用非限制性定语从句将两句合并为一句： The interview was postponed unexpectedly. This disappointed the entire team. 合并：____________________________________________________________ 10．【翻译表达】使用“数词＋of whom”结构翻译： 我们邀请了二十位校友参加活动，其中三位分享了自己的求学经历。 翻译：____________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $