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同学们,大家好,欢迎来到今天的语法微课堂,我是麻城市职业技术教育集团的李磊老师。今天我们要一起来认识英语中非常有趣的四朵金花。哪四朵金花呢?就是我们在表达花费时最容易混淆的四个动词,spend, take coast和pay。很多同学一看到花费,脑子里就有一团乱麻,不知道用哪个。别急,今天李老师就带大家把它们一一分辨清楚。大家看屏幕,我们先来读四个句子。Number one, IT costs me two hundred. Number two, I always spent two hours washing my car. Number three, I paid one thousand and five hundred from my car. Number four, IT takes me one hour to wash your car. 这四个句子都表达了花钱或者花时间,但用的动词各不相同,它们就是今天的主角。我们逐一来看。首先第一朵金花coast,coast的意思是价格为花费,它的特点是主语必须是物。后面跟金钱句型,somebody cost something, cost somebody money, 意思是某物花费了某人多少钱。比如the sweater cost three hundred yen,或者the sweater costs me three hundred,and两个句型都可以cost,后面可以直接跟金钱,也可以跟宾语对cost变形原形、过去式、过去分词都是cost,千万不要写成coasted的。第二朵金花spend。Spend意思是花费,它的专属特点是主语必须是人,后面可以跟金钱,也可以跟时间。它有两个常用句型,somebody spend money or time in doing something, 某人花费金钱或时间做某事。例句,he spends three hundred yen in buying the sweater. 他花了300元买这件毛衣。He's spent three days in doing the work. 他花了三天时间完成这份工作。第二个句型,somebody spend money or time on something. 这个句型里面没有动作,这介词on后面可以直接接某事。He spent three hundred years on the sweater. 注意spend变形,spend原形,过去式spent过去分词,spent第三朵金花胚。它的意思是付钱,它的专属特点是主语也是人,后面跟的是金钱。但它的固定搭配很特殊,是somebody pay money for something,意思就是某人为某物付了多少钱。回到开头的句子,i paid one thousand and five hundred for my car, 我为这辆车付了1500美元。再比如i paid three hundred years for the sweater,我买这件毛衣付了300元。注意这个句型当中与pay搭配的介词是for paid,变形原形paid,过去式paid,过去分词paid。最后一朵金花take,它的意思是花费,特点为主语,通常是IT或者是动名词。后面跟时间。最经典的句型是IT takes somebody time to do something。做某事花费某人多长时间?例句,IT takes me one hour to wash your car. 花了我1个小时的时间来洗你的车。Take的变形原型take过去式took,过去分词taken。好,四朵金花都介绍完了,我们来看这张总结表格,帮大家理清思路。当主语是人的时候,谓语动词我们用spend宾语可以接时间或金钱。固定搭配的两个句型,somebody spend money or time in doing something, somebody spend money or time on something. 主语是IT,谓语可以用take宾语加时间或金钱。IT takes somebody sometime to do something, 主语是物备用closed宾语金钱,something cost somebody money. 注意是人,我们可以用pay宾语金钱,somebody pay money for something. 好,接下来我们做几道练习题检验一下。第一题,how long did IT people to learn on the moon? 这里主语我们可以看到是IT,后面是time,疑问词how long?所以搭配动词take number two,I always a lot of money on these comics. 我们可以看到主语是爱,是人,后面是money,搭配的介词是on,所以我们用spend。I always spend a lot of money on these comics. Number three, how much did you pay this for this computer? Five hundred dollars. 我们可以看到特殊疑问词是how much搭配的介词是for,主语是人,所以我们选择pay OK。Number four, look at this new dictionary, IT doesn't me too much. 我们可以看到主语是IT雾,后面是人,me再跟money,这是coast经典句型,所以正确答案是b okay,last one, mister Smith will ten thousand gun for those new computers. 主语是mr smith是人,后面用到了money,搭配介词for,所以用pay。好,接下来我们再来看一下总结四朵金花的用法。Take coast pay spend, 我们用一张思维表格图总结了这四个动词的用法。最后为了帮大家牢牢记住,老师给大家准备了一个记忆口诀,coast和pay花时花金钱,take后面跟时间,既花时间又花钱,使用span记心间。注意四朵金花的变形,coast, coast, coast, spent, spent, spent, take, took, taken, pay, paid, paid. 好了,今天的微课就到这里,希望同学们以后在遇到花费的时候,能想起李老师这四朵金花,准确选出正确的动词,谢谢大家。
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