Unit 2 Getting along分层作业设计2026-2027学年外研版八年级英语上册

外研版（2024）八年级英语上册 Unit 2 Getting along 分层作业设计 （2026—2027学年度第一学期） 一、作品基础信息 作品名称 外研版（2024）八年级英语上册 Unit 2 Getting along 分层作业设计 学科 英语 年级 八年级（上册） 教材版本 外研版（2024）初中英语八年级上册 单元课题 Unit 2 Getting along（和睦相处） 主题范畴 人与社会——社会服务与人际沟通（良好的人际关系与人际交往） 作业类型 单元分层作业（书面作业为主，兼有实践性作业） 适用对象 八年级学生（按学习水平分为基础层、提升层、拓展层） 作业总量 共12道大题，约40小题，分三个层级 作业时长 约30分钟（基础层约15分钟；提升层累计约25分钟；拓展层累计约30分钟） 设计依据 《义务教育英语课程标准（2022年版）》、“双减”政策及“教—学—评”一体化要求 设计时间 2026年9月 设计者 （　　　　　　　） 二、设计背景与意图 （一）课标依据与政策背景 《义务教育英语课程标准（2022年版）》指出：“作业评价是教学过程的重要组成部分。”作业设计应“兼顾个体差异，把握好作业的内容、难度和数量”。在“双减”政策“减负提质”的导向下，本作业坚持素养导向、目标一致、层次递进、形式多样、自主选择的原则，围绕语言能力、文化意识、思维品质和学习能力四个维度进行分层设计，力求实现“教—学—评”一体化，让作业真正成为学生巩固知识、发展能力、涵养品格的成长阶梯。 （二）教材与语篇分析 本作业对应外研版（2024）八年级英语上册 Unit 2“Getting along”（和睦相处），隶属“人与社会”主题范畴下“社会服务与人际沟通”主题群，聚焦“良好的人际关系与人际交往”子主题。单元以“没有人是一座孤岛（No one is an island.）”开篇，围绕“如何与他人和睦相处”展开。 单元语篇包括：改编自英国作家奥斯卡·王尔德（Oscar Wilde）的《自私的巨人》（The Selfish Giant），讲述巨人由自私到分享的转变，传递“分享快乐，快乐加倍（Shared joy is a double joy.）”的道理；以及以安徽桐城六尺巷（Liù chǐ xiàng）为背景的《相隔六尺，心却更近》（Six chi away, but closer together），借“让他三尺又何妨”的处世智慧，诠释“善良会激励更多善良（Kindness encourages more kindness.）”的传统美德。两篇语篇一中一西、彼此呼应，共同指向“尊重、分享、宽容、理解”的交往主题。 本单元核心语言知识为现在完成时（二），重点包括 since 与 for 的辨析、have been to / have gone to / have been in 的区别、already / yet / ever / never / just 等时间副词的位置与用法，以及短暂性动词向延续性表达的转换。 （三）学情分析 八年级学生已初步掌握现在完成时的基本用法，具备一定的词汇量和语篇理解能力，能够围绕熟悉话题进行简单的书面表达。但学生之间的差异较为明显：部分学生基础薄弱，词汇记忆和基本句型的运用仍是难点；部分学生基础扎实，渴望更高层次的挑战。若采用“一刀切”的作业，容易出现基础弱的学生“吃不消”、学有余力的学生“吃不饱”的情况。因此，作业设计应“保底”与“拔高”兼顾，让每个学生都能在适合自己的任务中获得成功体验。 （四）设计意图 1. 分层不贴标签，鼓励自主选择。作业分为基础巩固类（★必做）、能力提升类（★★推荐选做）和拓展创新类（★★★自主选做）三个层级，学生可结合自身情况自主选择，并鼓励逐层挑战。 2. 目标一致，梯度递进。三个层级分别指向“巩固语言基础—发展语用能力—培养创新思维”，形成螺旋上升的学习路径，杜绝为分层而分层。 3. 减负提质，形式多样。减少机械抄写，融入情境交际、图表梳理、跨学科实践等任务，作业总时长控制在30分钟左右。 4. 育人为本，文化浸润。借助《六尺巷》等语篇，引导学生体会中华优秀传统文化中“以和为贵”的处世智慧，学会理解、分享与合作。 三、作业目标 （一）语言能力 1. 能正确认读、拼写并运用本单元重点词汇与短语（如 shout, gate, glad, knock, afraid, message, return, lively, narrow, argue, agreement, kindness 等；get along with, since then, knock down, give up, in return, find out 等）。 2. 能正确运用现在完成时（二）描述持续到现在的动作或状态，准确区分 since 与 for，正确使用 have been to / have gone to / have been in，掌握 already / yet / ever / never / just 的用法及短暂性动词的延续性转换。 3. 能读懂语篇，获取关键信息，并能围绕“人际交往”话题完成80—100词的书面表达。 （二）文化意识 4. 通过《自私的巨人》与《六尺巷》两篇语篇，理解中西方关于“分享”“宽容”“谦让”的价值理念，感受中华优秀传统文化“以和为贵”的魅力，增强文化自信。 （三）思维品质 5. 能借助“情节山”“思维导图”等工具梳理语篇结构，分析人物的情感变化；能就“如何与人相处”进行比较、分析和判断，形成自己的观点并合理表达。 （四）学习能力 6. 能根据自身水平自主选择作业层级，主动反思与调整学习策略；能在真实或模拟情境中运用英语解决问题，逐步养成自主、合作、探究的学习习惯。 四、作业内容与目标对应表 说明：“对应目标”一栏中的编号参见“三、作业目标”。 层级 题号·题型 作业内容概要 对应目标 核心素养 建议用时 难度 基础巩固类 （★必做） 一·单词拼写 根据首字母或汉语提示写单词（8题） 目标1 语言能力 3分钟 ★ 二·词形填空 用所给词的适当形式填空（6题） 目标1、2 语言能力 3分钟 ★ 三·单项选择 现在完成时及词汇辨析（8题） 目标2 语言能力 4分钟 ★ 四·短语填空 用方框内短语的适当形式填空（6题） 目标1 语言能力 3分钟 ★ 五·完成句子 根据汉语提示完成句子（5题） 目标1、2 语言能力 4分钟 ★ 能力提升类 （★★选做） 六·句型转换 按要求改写句子，操练现在完成时（4题） 目标2 语言能力 4分钟 ★★ 七·补全对话 还原交际对话（5空，含1个多余项） 目标1、6 语言·学习 4分钟 ★★ 八·完形填空 交友技巧主题语篇（10空） 目标1、5 语言·思维 6分钟 ★★ 九·阅读理解 “六尺巷”改编语篇（5题） 目标3、4 文化·思维 6分钟 ★★ 拓展创新类 （自主选做） 十·任务型阅读 用思维导图梳理语篇并表达观点 目标4、5 思维·文化 5分钟 ★★★ 十一·书面表达 就“人际交往”话题写作（80—100词） 目标3、5 语言·思维 8分钟 ★★★ 十二·跨学科实践 制作海报/思维导图/短视频（三选一） 目标4、6 文化·学习 10分钟 ★★★ 五、作业评价 （一）评价理念 坚持“教—学—评”一体化，采用形成性评价与终结性评价相结合、定量评价与定性评价相结合的方式，突出评价的诊断、激励与改进功能，让评价从关注分数转向关注学生的成长。 （二）评价方式 1. 学生自评：对照“分层自评表”，反思作业完成情况与收获，用星级为自己打分。 2. 同伴互评：小组内交换批阅，重点关注书写规范、语言准确与表达得体。 3. 教师评价：结合作业完成度、正确率与创新性，给予等级评定和个性化评语。 4. 家长参与：对跨学科实践类作业，由家长见证并评价完成过程，形成家校育人合力。 （三）分层评价量表 层级 评价重点 评价标准 等级 基础层 正确率与规范性 词汇拼写、语法形式正确，书写工整，按时独立完成 A优秀 / B良好 / C合格 提升层 理解与应用 能在语境中准确运用语言，语篇理解到位，表达连贯 A优秀 / B良好 / C合格 拓展层 创新与表达 观点鲜明、逻辑清晰、富有创意，语言流畅，形式多样 A优秀 / B良好 / C合格 （四）成绩评定 综合评定成绩按下列公式计算： 说明：基础巩固类为必做项，占50%；能力提升类与拓展创新类为选做项，按实际完成情况计分。 （五）激励与反馈 对按时完成基础层任务的学生给予基础分；对主动完成提升层、拓展层任务的学生给予“进步分”“挑战分”，并在班级“英语成长墙”展示优秀作品，形成正向激励，让每个学生都能体验进步与成功。 六、试题详情 （一）基础巩固类（★ 必做） 一、根据句意及首字母或汉语提示，填写单词。（每小题1分，共8分） 1. Don't s______ at your little brother. It's not polite. 2. The children ran through the g______ into the beautiful garden. 3. I'm g______ to hear that you have made good friends with your new classmates. 4. The two families ______（争吵）over the dividing line between their houses. 5. We should learn to ______（尊重）other people's ideas. 6. My ______（邻居）is a kind woman, and she often helps others. 7. The story tells us the ______（寓意）that sharing brings joy. 8. Reading English ______（文章）is a good way to learn new words. 二、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。（每小题1分，共6分） 1. I ______ (live) in this city since 2020. 2. —How long ______ your uncle ______ (work) in the hospital?　—For about ten years. 3. My sister ______ (not finish) her homework yet. 4. The two boys ______ (be) good friends since they were six years old. 5. It is important ______ (understand) each other when we get along with others. 6. The kind girl often ______ (offer) help to the old people in her neighbourhood. 三、单项选择。（每小题1分，共8分） (　)1. —Where is Tom?　—He ______ to the library. He will be back soon. 　　　　A. has been　　B. has gone　　C. went　　D. goes (　)2. The Zhang family ______ in Tongcheng for hundreds of years. 　　　　A. live　　B. lived　　C. have lived　　D. will live (　)3. We haven't heard from Lily ______ last year. 　　　　A. for　　B. since　　C. in　　D. at (　)4. —Have you finished your homework ______?　—Yes, I have ______ finished it. 　　　　A. yet; yet　　B. already; already　　C. yet; already　　D. already; yet (　)5. The Giant ______ the high wall and let the children play in his garden. 　　　　A. knocked　　B. knocked down　　C. knocked at　　D. knocked off (　)6. Kitty and I ______ each other since we were in Grade 4. 　　　　A. know　　B. knew　　C. have known　　D. will know (　)7. —______ have you been in the English club?　—For two months. 　　　　A. How often　　B. How long　　C. How soon　　D. How far (　)8. Spring didn't come to the Giant's garden ______ he knocked down the wall. 　　　　A. so　　B. because　　C. until　　D. if 四、用方框中所给短语的适当形式填空。（每小题1分，共6分） get along with　　find out　　give up　　reach an agreement　　in return　　at last 1. After a long talk, the two families finally ______ about the dividing line. 2. Nobody can ______ others well if he only thinks about himself. 3. The little boy wanted to ______ why spring never came to the Giant's garden. 4. The Zhang family ______ three chi of land to their neighbour out of kindness. 5. The Wu family stepped back three chi ______. 6. ______, the Giant understood that sharing brings happiness. 五、根据汉语意思完成句子，每空一词。（每小题2分，共10分） 1. 孩子们一看到巨人就跑开了。 　　The children ______ ______ when they saw the Giant. 2. 从那以后，巨人再也没有在花园里见过一个孩子。 　　______ ______, the Giant has never seen a child in his garden. 3. 你和你的新同桌相处得怎么样？ 　　How do you ______ ______ ______ your new deskmate? 4. 经过讨论，两家人最终达成了一致。 　　After the discussion, the two families finally ______ ______ ______. 5. 这个故事提醒我们要把这首诗记在心里。 　　The story reminds us to ______ the poem ______ ______. （二）能力提升类（★★ 推荐选做） 六、按要求完成句子，每空一词。（每小题2分，共8分） 1. They have known each other for ten years.（对划线部分 for ten years 提问） 　　______ ______ have they known each other? 2. I have already finished my homework.（改为否定句） 　　I ______ finished my homework ______. 3. He has been to Shanghai twice.（对划线部分 twice 提问） 　　______ ______ ______ has he been to Shanghai? 4. The Giant left his garden seven years ago.（改为同义句） 　　The Giant ______ ______ ______ from his garden for seven years. 七、补全对话。（每空1分，共5分）从方框中选择恰当的句子完成对话，其中有一项是多余的。 A. What happened?　　B. What did you argue about?　　C. Don't worry.　　D. What should I do then?　　E. How long have you known him?　　F. I think you should talk to him first. A: Hi, Li Ming. You look unhappy. (1) ______ B: I had an argument with my best friend, Wang Tao. A: I'm sorry to hear that. (2) ______ B: We argued over a small thing. He borrowed my favourite book and didn't return it on time. A: I see. (3) ______ You can talk to him and tell him how you feel. B: You're right. But I'm afraid he will be angry with me. A: (4) ______ A true friend should understand you. B: I hope so. (5) ______ A: You can say sorry to him first. Then you may make up soon. B: OK. Thank you for your advice. 八、完形填空。（每小题1分，共10分） 　　Making friends is an important skill in our life. Before you make friends, you need to decide what kind of friends you want. Most people like to have friends who enjoy the ___1___ things as they do. Then they can spend more time together happily. 　　The quickest way to make friends is to ___2___. When you smile, people will think you are ___3___ and easy to talk to. It may be hard to smile at first, but remember that most people will stay ___4___ from a face with an angry look. 　　Learning to talk with others is also a good way to make friends. One easy way to start a ___5___ with someone is to say something nice about them. Think about how ___6___ you feel when someone says something nice to you. Doesn't it make you want to keep ___7___ to that person? 　　Also, you can ask your new friends some questions about ___8___. Who is their favourite singer? What do they usually do after school? These are all good questions to start a talk. When someone asks you a question, give a(n) ___9___ to it. Nothing will stop a talk more quickly than a shrug (耸肩) for an answer. 　　Getting along with others isn't ___10___, but with a smile and kind words, you can make a lot of good friends. (　)1. A. serious　　B. different　　C. same　　D. important (　)2. A. think　　B. smile　　C. agree　　D. believe (　)3. A. worried　　B. friendly　　C. angry　　D. sad (　)4. A. away　　B. out　　C. up　　D. off (　)5. A. talk　　B. job　　C. travel　　D. meeting (　)6. A. sad　　B. tired　　C. good　　D. bad (　)7. A. talk　　B. talking　　C. talked　　D. to talk (　)8. A. themselves　　B. himself　　C. yourself　　D. ourselves (　)9. A. excuse　　B. answer　　C. idea　　D. example (　)10. A. easy　　B. funny　　C. boring　　D. hard 九、阅读理解。（每小题2分，共10分） 　　Narrow lanes are very common in China. They are usually about two metres wide, or six chi in traditional Chinese units. Most of them are nothing special. But Liuchi Lane in Tongcheng, Anhui Province, is perhaps the most famous one of them all. 　　Its story dates back to the Qing Dynasty. Two local families, the Zhangs and the Wus, got into a dispute over the dividing line between their two courtyards. The two sides were never able to reach an agreement. The Zhang family was very angry. Their relative Zhang Ying held a high position in the government. They wrote him a letter, asking for advice. 　　When his reply came, they opened it and found a poem inside: “A letter from far away just for a wall. Three chi to your neighbour is nothing at all.” 　　After reading it, the Zhang family felt ashamed. They stepped back three chi for their neighbour. This act moved the Wu family. In return, they decided to do the same thing. They gave up another three chi. And so came the six-chi-wide lane between the two houses. 　　Hundreds of years have passed, and the lane is still there. The people of Tongcheng still keep the poem in mind. Whenever they walk down the lane, they remember how kindness encourages more kindness. (　)1. What is special about Liuchi Lane? 　　　A. It is the widest lane in China.　　B. It is the most famous narrow lane in China. 　　　C. It was built by Zhang Ying.　　D. It is two hundred metres long. (　)2. What did the Zhangs and the Wus argue over? 　　　A. A letter.　　B. A poem.　　C. The dividing line.　　D. A courtyard. (　)3. Why did the Zhang family write to Zhang Ying? 　　　A. To ask for advice.　　B. To borrow some money.　　C. To make friends.　　D. To buy a house. (　)4. What does the underlined word “ashamed” probably mean? 　　　A. Very happy.　　B. Very angry.　　C. Feeling sorry.　　D. Feeling tired. (　)5. What can we learn from the story? 　　　A. Time waits for no one.　　B. Kindness encourages more kindness. 　　　C. Seeing is believing.　　D. Every man has his faults. （三）拓展创新类（★★★ 自主选做） 十、任务型阅读。（共10分） 　　再读课文 Six chi away, but closer together（或“九”中的短文），完成下列任务。 　　1. 用思维导图（Story Map）梳理故事要素：时间（When）、地点（Where）、人物（Who）、起因（What）、经过（How）、结果（Result）。（6分） 　　2. 结合短文，用1—2句英语谈谈“退一步”的好处。（4分） 　　参考句式：In my opinion, ... / I think ... / It is better to ... 十一、书面表达。（共15分） 　　请从下面两题中任选一题，写一篇80—100词的英语短文。 　　A. 你的笔友 Peter 来信说，他最近和同学相处得不太好，向你寻求建议。请你给他回一封邮件，就“如何与同学和睦相处”提几条建议。 　　B. 讲述一个你与朋友由争执到理解的真实故事，并谈谈你的感受。 　　要求：①语言准确、表达流畅；②可适当运用本单元词汇、短语和句型；③词数80—100词。 　　参考词汇：get along with, respect, share, understand, kindness, in return, say sorry 　　开头已给出：A. Dear Peter, I'm sorry to hear that you have some problems getting along with your classmates. ... 　　B. I have a good friend. We once had an argument, but we understood each other at last. ... 十二、跨学科实践作业。（选做，共10分） 　　以下任务三选一，学期内完成即可： 　　1. 制作一张英文宣传海报（Poster）：以“A Guide to Getting Along with Others”为主题，图文并茂，至少包含5条相处建议。 　　2. 绘制思维导图（Mind Map）：用英文梳理《The Selfish Giant》或《六尺巷》的故事情节与主题。 　　3. 录制短视频或音频（1分钟左右）：用英语讲述一位身边“与人相处”达人（家人、同学或老师）的故事，并说明你从他/她身上学到了什么。 七、答案与解析 （一）基础巩固类 一、1. shout　2. gate　3. glad　4. argued　5. respect　6. neighbour　7. message　8. articles 【解析】1. shout at 意为“冲……大喊”。4. 由句意可知用一般过去时，argue 的过去式为 argued。5. respect 意为“尊重”。7. message 在此意为“寓意、要旨”。8. article 为可数名词，此处泛指，用复数 articles。 二、1. have lived　2. has; worked　3. hasn't finished　4. have been　5. to understand　6. offers 【解析】1. since 2020 为时间点，用现在完成时，live 为延续性动词。2. How long 提问持续时间，答语为 For...，用现在完成时；主语 your uncle 为第三人称单数，用 has。3. yet 用于否定句句末。4. since 引导的时间状语从句，主句用现在完成时，复数主语用 have。5. It is + adj. + to do sth. 句型。6. often 表示经常性动作，用一般现在时，主语为第三人称单数，动词加 -s。 三、1—4 B C B C　5—8 B C B C 【解析】1. has gone to 表示“去了某地（尚未回来）”，与“will be back soon”呼应。2. for hundreds of years 表示延续时间，用现在完成时。3. since 后接时间点 last year。4. yet 用于疑问句句末，already 用于肯定句句中。5. knock down 意为“拆毁、推倒”，符合语境。6. since 引导时间状语从句，主句用现在完成时。7. How long 提问持续时间，答语为 For two months。8. not ... until ... 意为“直到……才……”。 四、1. reached an agreement　2. get along with　3. find out　4. gave up　5. in return　6. At last 【解析】3. find out 意为“查明、弄清”。4. 由上下文可知用一般过去时，give up 的过去式为 gave up。5. in return 意为“作为回报”。6. at last 意为“最终、终于”，置于句首首字母大写。 五、1. ran away　2. Since then　3. get along with（或 get on with）　4. reached an agreement　5. keep; in mind 【解析】1. “跑开”用 run away，由 saw 可知用一般过去时 ran away。3. “与……相处”用 get along with / get on with，助动词 do 后接动词原形。5. “把……记在心里”用 keep ... in mind。 （二）能力提升类 六、1. How long　2. haven't; yet　3. How many times　4. has been away 【解析】1. 对 for ten years（时间段）提问用 How long。2. 改为否定句时 already 变 yet 并置于句末，助动词用 haven't。3. 对 twice（次数）提问用 How many times，后接一般疑问句语序。4. “离开七年前”与“已经离开七年”同义，left 转换为延续性表达 has been away。 七、(1) A　(2) B　(3) F　(4) C　(5) D（多余项：E） 【解析】第(1)空询问“出了什么事”，选 A；第(2)空承接上文询问“为什么事争吵”，选 B；第(3)空给出“先与他谈谈”的建议，选 F；第(4)空是宽慰对方的话，选 C；第(5)空询问“那我该怎么办”，选 D。E 项“你认识他多久了”与语境不符，为多余项。 八、1—5 C B B A A　6—10 C B A B D 【解析】1. 由后文“spend more time together”可知应有相同喜好，选 same。2. 由下文“When you smile”可知选 smile。3. 微笑使人显得友好，选 friendly。4. stay away from 意为“远离”，符合语境。5. start a talk 意为“开始一次交谈”。6. 别人称赞你时你会感觉良好，选 good。7. keep doing sth. 意为“持续做某事”，故选 talking。8. 主语为 friends，反身代词用 themselves。9. 回答别人的问题应给出“回答”，选 answer。10. 与下文“but with a smile and kind words”呼应，说明并不难，选 hard。 九、1—5 B C A C B 【解析】1. 由“the most famous one of them all”可知，六尺巷是中国最著名的窄巷，选 B。2. 由“got into a dispute over the dividing line between their two courtyards”可知两家争执的是分界线，选 C。3. 由“asking for advice”可知写信是“寻求建议”，选 A。4. 结合后文张家主动退让三尺的行为，可推断 ashamed 意为“感到羞愧的”，选 C。5. 文章结尾点明主题“kindness encourages more kindness”（善良会激励更多善良），选 B。 （三）拓展创新类 十、参考示例： 　　1. When: the Qing Dynasty；Where: Liuchi Lane, Tongcheng, Anhui Province；Who: the Zhang family and the Wu family；What: They argued over the dividing line between their two houses；How: They couldn't reach an agreement, so they wrote to Zhang Ying for advice and received a poem；Result: Both families stepped back three chi, and the six-chi-wide lane appeared. 　　2. In my opinion, stepping back is not losing. It can bring us closer to others and make our life happier.（答案不唯一，围绕谦让、宽容、与人为善等角度作答合理即可） 十一、范文参考（A）： 　　Dear Peter, 　　I'm sorry to hear that you have some problems getting along with your classmates. Here are some tips for you. 　　First, be friendly and smile often. A smile can make others feel warm. Second, learn to share. Sharing your happiness and ideas with others is a good way to make friends. Third, respect others and listen to them carefully. When you disagree, try to put yourself in their shoes. Finally, if you make a mistake, say sorry in time. A true friend will understand you. 　　I hope these tips can help you. I'm sure you will get along well with your classmates soon. 　　Yours, Li Hua 十一、范文参考（B）： 　　I have a good friend, Tom. We once had an argument because of a small thing. We didn't talk to each other for a few days, and I felt very sad. One day, I thought it over and realized that friendship was more important than winning. So I said sorry to him, and he smiled. Since then, we have understood each other better. Now we still get along well. I have learned that understanding is the key to a true friendship. 十二、开放题，参考评价要点：主题鲜明、语言准确、图文（音画）协调、创意突出。教师可结合学生完成过程予以等级评价。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $