内容正文:
非谓语动词 —— 高中英语核心考点专项复习
三大形式;考点精讲;真题演练
-----高中英语语法专题
学习目标
1..掌握非谓语三种基本形式:to do /doing/done
2.分清谓语与非谓语的本质区别
3.会判断逻辑主语,区分主动 / 被动、时间先后
4.熟记高频固定搭配(to do /doing)
5.掌握独立主格、非谓语否定式、复合结构难点
6.高考真题题型突破(短文填空、语法填空、短文改错)
考点 1:
什么是非谓语动词
核心定义:一个简单句只能有 1 个谓语动词。 其余动词不能作谓语,丧失人称、时态变化,叫非谓语动词。
谓语:跟着主语变时态人称(does/did/will do)
非谓语:to do(不定式)、doing(动名词 / 现在分词)、done(过去分词)
口诀:有谓语,才用非谓语;无连词,不添谓语!
错:He stand there, cry.(两个谓语,无连词)
对:He stands there, crying.(stands 谓语;crying 非谓语)
小练:判断句子有没有非谓语
I want to buy a book.
He went home and watched TV.
→(有:to buy)
→(无,and 并列谓语)
考点 2:
三种基础形式基本含义
形式 名称 核心含义
to do 动词不定式 将来、目的、要做;表未发生
doing 动名词 / 现在分词 动名词:名词功能;现在分词:主动、进行
done 过去分词 被动、完成
拓展进阶形式(高考高频)
having done 主动完成(动作发生在主句谓语之前,主动)
having been done 被动完成(动作发生在主句谓语之前,被动)
提示:to be done(将要被做);being done(正在被做)
考点 3:
动词不定式 to do
用法
表目的:I get up early to catch the bus.
表打算 / 想要:want/hope/plan to do
形容词后:It is + adj. + to do(it 形式主语)
疑问词 + to do:what to do /how to do it
作定语:something to eat(要吃的东西)
不带to不定式(省to)
使役动词 make /let/have;感官动词 see, hear, watch, notice
结构:see sb do;make sb do(主动;被动要还原 to:sb be made to do)
例如:He was made to apologize. 他被迫道歉。
小练习:填空
She decided ______ (study) harder.
to study
考点 4:
两类用法(动名词 & 现在分词)
doing
① 动名词(名词属性:主语、宾语)
Reading books is good.(主语)
I enjoy listening to music.(宾语)
② 现在分词(形容词属性:定语、状语,主动 + 进行)
The boy running is my brother.(正在跑的男孩)
Walking along the street, I saw many flowers.(我走在街上)
易混:see sb doing(看见正在做);see sb do(看见全过程)
练习:填空
______ (swim) is my favourite sport.
Swimming
考点 5:
done
过去分词(被动 + 完成)
核心:逻辑主语承受动作,动作已完成
作定语:The novel written by Mo Yan sells well.(被写)
作状语:Seen from the mountain, the city looks amazing. (逻辑主语 city,城市被看 → Seen)
对比区分
doing:主动,同时发生
done:被动,已完成
小练:______ (tire) from work, he went to bed early.
Tired
考点 6:
进阶形式(having done /having been done)
having done:主动,动作先于主句谓语完成
Having finished homework, he went out.
(先写完作业,再出去)
having been done:被动,动作先于主句谓语完成
Having been told many times, he still forgot it.
(已经被告诉很多次,仍然忘记)
注意:having done/having been done一般只作状语,很少作定语!
练习:______ (finish) his work, Tom left the office.
Having finished
考点 7:
非谓语做题万能三步法
【重中之重】
高考做题三步法(必背)
1.找逻辑主语:这个动作是谁发出的
2.判断主被动:
逻辑主语发出动作 → 主动(to do /doing/having done)
逻辑主语承受动作 → 被动(done /to be done /having been done)
3.判断时间先后
同时发生 → doing /done
动作在主句之前 → having done / having been done
目的 / 将来未发生 → to do
例题:______(hear) the news, she cried.
↓
逻辑主语
→(主动)
Hearing
考点 8:
只能接 to do 的动词
(高频固定搭配)
动词 + to do(背)
want, hope, decide, plan, refuse, fail, manage, pretend
offer, promise, learn, choose, agree, afford
例句:He refused to help me.
(他拒绝帮助我)
小练习:
She promised ______ (come) on time.
to come
考点 9:
只能接 doing 的动词
动词 + doing(背)
enjoy, finish, practice, mind, keep, suggest, avoid
imagine, risk, miss, admit, delay, escape
(高频固定搭配)
例句:I mind opening the window.
(我介意打开窗户。)
小练习:
Would you mind ______ (open) the window?
opening
考点 10:
短语 释义
stop to do 停下来,去做另一件事
stop doing 停止正在做的事
remember to do 记得要去做(未做)
remember doing 记得做过(已做完)
forget to do 忘记要做
forget doing 忘记做过
try to do 努力设法做
try doing 试着做(尝试方法)
regret to do 遗憾要(告知坏消息)
regret doing 后悔做过某事
to do
& doing 含义不同
(超级易混)
例题:
Remember ______ (lock) the door when you leave.
to lock
考点 11:
非谓语否定形式 + 复合结构
否定式:not 放在非谓语前面
not to do;not doing;not having done
例句:He decided not to tell the truth. (他决定不说出真相。)
复合结构:for/of sb to do
例句:It’s easy for me to solve the problem.
(对我来说解决这个问题很简单。)
It’s kind of you to help me. (能帮我,真好。)
区分: of /for:形容词修饰人用 of;修饰事情用 for
练习:Tell him ______ (not, be) late.
not to be
考点 12:
独立主格结构
( 难点,高考语法填空)
独立主格:非谓语自带独立主语,和主句主语不一样
结构:名词 / 代词 + 非谓语,逗号隔开,不作从句(无连词)
例句:Weather permitting, we will go camping.
weather 是 permit 逻辑主语,主动 → permitting
(如果天气允许,我们就去露营。)
一句话:主句一套主谓;独立主格另外一套名词 + 非谓语,没有连词
小练:The meeting ______ (end), we left the hall.
having ended
考点 13:
语法填空高频考点汇总
作状语:优先判断逻辑主语,doing/done/having done
作定语:to do(将来)doing(主动进行)done(被动完成)
固定搭配:to do /doing 固定动词搭配
独立主格;非谓语否定 not 前置; being done(正在被…)to be done(将要被…)
易错提醒:逗号不能连接两个完整句子!逗号后面优先考虑非谓语
高考语法填空常考方向
综合基础练习题(一)
________(see) from the top of the hill, the whole town looks amazing.
The teacher told us ________(not make) any noise in the reading room.
I remember ________(meet) you somewhere before, but I can’t recall your name.
The problem ________(discuss) at the meeting yesterday is very important.
She was sitting by the window, ________(read) a novel.
It’s no use ________(cry) over spilt milk.
We hurried to the station, only ________(find) that the train had left.
He has a lot of homework ________(finish), so he can’t go out to play.
用括号内单词的正确形式填空,重点考查 to do /doing/done 非谓语三种形式
Seen
not to make
meeting
discussed
reading
crying
to find
to finish
综合基础练习题(二)语法填空 6 题
It’s no use ______ (cry) over spilt milk.
The teacher asked him ______ (not be) noisy.
______ (live) abroad for many years, he knows foreign culture well.
The building ______ (build) now will be our library.
I have something important ______ (tell) you.
______ (give) more time, we can finish it better.
crying
not to be
Having lived
being built
to tell
Given
高考真题改编(拔高练习)改错 + 单选
单句改错(划出错误并改正)
Seeing from the hill, the park is beautiful.
2.I look forward to hear from you.
改:Seeing → Seen
改:hear → hearing(to 是介词!)
重点陷阱:look forward to /pay attention to /be used to 中 to 是介词 + doing!
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 I was walking along the street the other day. 1.______(notice) a small box lying on the ground, I stopped 2.______(pick) it up. Inside was a note 3.______(write) by a kid. The note said he hoped 4.______(find) someone kind. I felt touched, 5.______(decide) to leave a gift in return.
Noticing
to pick
written
to find
deciding
全章易错点大盘点
坑 1:to 是介词,后面 + doing
look forward to doing;pay attention to doing;
be used to doing(习惯于)
坑 2:-ed 修饰人(感到…);-ing 修饰物(令人…)
excited 感到兴奋;exciting 令人兴奋
坑 3:having done 只作状语,一般不作定语
The man having finished work is Tom(错)
Having finished work, Tom went out.(对)
坑 4:感官动词被动必须还原 to
He was seen to enter the room.
坑 5:非谓语否定,not 放最前面
not to do ✔;to not do ❌
总结
三大形式:to do(目的将来)doing(主动进行)done(被动完成)
做题三步:找逻辑主语→判主被动→判时间先后
背固定搭配;警惕介词 to+doing;分清
- ing/-ed 形容词
4.独立主格:名词 + 非谓语,两套主语,无连词
谢谢观看!
$