精品解析：北京中国人民大学附属中学2026-2027学年高三上学期10月月考英语

人大附中2027届高三十月质量检测练习 英语 2026年10月 说明：本试卷共9页，共100分;考试时间90分钟;请在答题卡上填写个人信息，并将选择题的答案填涂在机读卡上. 第一部分：知识运用(共两节，30分) 第一节 完形填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分) 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。 I always recall an autumn day when life troubled me. As a teenager, I was caught up in the ____1____ of school, social activities and college applications — until my neighbor Mr. Jensen ____2____ me. Mr. Jensen was a quiet 70-year-old man who lived alone next door. Despite our age difference, we had a shared love for ____3____, a hobby that formed an unlikely friendship between us. One sunny afternoon, feeling stressed and anxious, I decided to take a break from my studies. I headed outside to my backyard garden where I began to angrily weed, my worries ____4____ into each pull of unwanted greenery. Mr. Jensen was there as usual, ____5____ his blossoming rosebushes. Seeing my upset, he walked slowly over and quietly started weeding alongside me. After a few minutes of shared silence, he finally spoke up. “You know,” he began, “weeding a garden is a lot like going through life.” Interested, I stopped and looked at him. He continued, “Sometimes, we focus so much on the ____6____ — the problems and difficulties — that we forget to enjoy the flowers.” He ____7____ to the beautiful roses in his garden, their bright colors shining in the afternoon sun. “Don’t forget to appreciate the roses, even as you deal with the weeds.” That simple wisdom ____8____ me hard. I had been so focused on my problems that I had simply forgotten to ____9____ my present — the friendships, the joy of learning new things, and the beauty of simply being alive. Now, when life’s “weeds” stress me, I pause and appreciate my “____10____”. 1. A. pressure B. vision C. fear D. loss 2. A. valued B. treated C. grounded D. required 3. A. jogging B. swimming C. planning D. gardening 4. A. pouring B. crashing C. streaming D. rolling 5. A. staring at B. looking for C. tending to D. picking up 6. A. results B. weeds C. misfortunes D. challenges 7. A. dashed B. reacted C. talked D. gestured 8. A. beat B. attracted C. hit D. flooded 9. A. enjoy B. create C. polish D. support 10. A. wisdom B. roses C. neighbor D. problems 第二节 语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分) A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 A retired American teacher reunited with a Chinese farmer 26 years after their initial encounter, returning to the once-barren sandy landscape transformed by his generous donation into a lush green environment. In 1999, Ronald Sakolsky ____11____ (teach) English in Luoyang when he discovered Inner Mongolian farmer Yin Yuzhen’s efforts to combat desertification. ____12____ (inspire) by her dedication, he donated US $5,000 to support her mission. Afterwards, Sakolsky returned to the US, while Yin used the funds ____13____ (plant) over 50,000 trees. Today, vegetation covers more than 80 per cent of the Mu Us Desert, which is one of China’s four major sandy regions. B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Poetry is the music of language, distilling (浓缩) emotion into its ____14____ (pure) form. It captures fleeting moments — a sunset, a sigh, a heartbeat — and makes them eternal. Through rhythm and imagery, poetry speaks ____15____ ordinary words cannot, touching the soul beyond logic. It is both intimate and universal, whispering truths that resonate across time and culture. A single line can evoke tears or ignite hope, ____16____ (prove) that less can indeed be more. Poetry is the art of seeing the world anew, where every word carries weight and every silence holds meaning. It is beauty, breathing. C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Yanqi Lake, located at the foot of the Yanshan Mountains in Huairou, Beijing, is a scenic spot ____17____ wild geese rest during spring and autumn, hence its name. Originally a reservoir built in 1959, it ____18____ (become) a national tourist attraction in the past few decades. The lake covers 230 hectares and ____19____ (surround) by mountains on three sides. It gained international fame as the venue for the 2014 APEC summit and the 2017 Belt and Road Forum. Today, it serves ____20____ both an international conference center and a public leisure destination, featuring a 13.14-kilometer lakeside greenway for cycling and hiking. 第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，38分) 第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。 A DOWNLOAD THESE APPS Our brains need challenging tasks to stay sharp. And thankfully, there’s an app for that — many, actually. Alvaro Femandez, CEO of market-research firm Sharp-Brains, suggests trying ones other than the games you usually play. “If you’re doing something that brings novelty, variety and a level of effort, you’re on the right path.” Here are three apps to get your brain going — and three more to help it gear back down. BrainHQ This app serves up short tests to identify your weak spots — be it memory or brain speed — and then offers suitable games to help you improve. Studies have shown users have the memory of a person 10 years younger, and have an easier time following a conversation in a crowded room. Lumocity Launched in 2007, this popular app with over 100 million users offers dozens of games and puzzles that focus on different brain skills. Completing tangram puzzles will help build your problem-solving abilities, matching games boost memory, and reordering numbers hones your mastery of math. Cognifit This app offers fun brain games that help boost a dozen skills, including concentration, memory, reasoning and coordination. (It even promises to help you become a better driver!) Additionally, Cognifit features tailored regimens for specific conditions, including Parkinson’s, “chemo brain,” depression and ADHD. Calm True to its name, Calm contains breathing exercises, 3-to-25-minute guided meditation sessions and stories designed to help you fall asleep. Actor Mathew McConaughey voices one such tale, called “Wonder”. Headspace This app has hundreds of guided meditations for every need: two-minute mini-sits, SOS sessions for moments of serious stress and versions for walks. For the end of the day, Headspace offers 45-minute podcasts that use calming visualizations and sounds to help you nod off. 10% Happier Inspired by ABC news anchor Dan Harris’ bestselling book, this app includes more than 500 guided meditations, as well as short videos to keep you motivated — and the option to text with a coach. 21. Which of the following is true according to the passage? A. Calm, Headspace and 10% Happier can help users improve sleep quality. B. The users of BrainHQ are ten years younger than those who don’t use it. C. Both Lumocity and Cognifit can improve users’ memory through games. D. In Calm, users can watch Mathew McConaughey act in the story “Wonder”. 22. “Jane is a senior three student. Since the beginning of school, she has been unable to concentrate in class, depressed and not very interested in anything.” Which of the following apps may be best for her? A. Calm and Headspace. B. Cognifit and 10% Happier. C. BrainHQ and Cognifit. D. Lumocity and 10% Happier. 23. This passage is more likely to be seen in ________. A. the health page of a newspaper B. a feature in a technology journal C. an analysis from a medical magazine D. research from a university publication B Dear Mr. Watson, CLAIMAL54323432-STORM DAMAGE TO ROOF I received a cheque for $623 dated 26 January in payment of my recent claim. However, I wish to tell you how upset I have been by the way your Claims Assessor, Mr. Michael Tan, handled this claim. When Mr. Tan first called me, he specifically told me that he believed I had been overcharged, and he would expect to pay that price for work on a double garage, rather than a single garage like mine. Mr. Tan suggested that I neither use nor recommend the contractor again. He continued to tell me it was unlikely for me to receive full payment. Never during this conversation did he mention that the reason for not receiving full payment was because of the nature of my insurance policy. Consequently, I wrote to Mr. Lance Ashe to complain about his pricing, stating that I was very upset thinking that he could have taken advantage by overcharging a 73-year-old woman. Mr. Ashe telephoned me immediately and explained his charges in detail. He later reported back to me that Mr. Tan explained that I would not receive full payment because of the type of policy I hold, which does not cover wear and tear. This was the first time this issue had been brought to my attention, so you can imagine my surprise. When I received Mr. Tan’s letter of 2 February, this situation was explained. If this had been explained in the first place I would have accepted it and would not have questioned Mr. Ashe’s charges. Instead, by telling me initially that I had been overcharged for this work, he caused a great deal of upset, not only for me but also for Mr. Ashe. I believed this claim was handled badly by Mr. Tan from the beginning. Therefore, a great deal of embarrassment has been caused over this issue. I felt you should know how disappointed and upset I am. I trust you will look into this and ensure that such claims are handled more appropriately in the future. Yours sincerely, Mrs. Richard 24. The author writes this letter to ___________ A. complain about a mishandled case B. inform the manager of a payment C. demand an apology from Mr. Watson D. require the manager to fire Mr. Tan 25. The underlined words “the contractor” in Para.2 refer to __________. A. Mr. Tan B. Mrs. Richard C. Mr. Watson D. Mr. Ashe 26. The author could not receive full payment because __________. A. her policy doesn’t cover some of the items B. the contractor overcharged her for the work C. Mr. Watson doesn’t take the matter seriously D. she spent too much money fixing her garage C In 1993, a ship sailed into the Pacific Ocean carrying nearly 1,000 pounds of iron, then dumped it all into the waves. The next morning, the water turned a little greenish due to newly emerged phytoplankton (浮游生物). The microorganisms, which need iron to grow, draw CO₂ out of the air. Fertilizing the ocean with iron is a form of geoengineering, a set of technologies fascinating for their potential to meaningfully impact Earth’s systems, and controversial for the same reason. As the planet heats, geoengineering is employed to manipulate (控制) it in novel ways, whether researchers mist the skies with sea salt to increase how much sunlight clouds reflect or invent machines to suck greenhouse gases out of the atmosphere. Engineering home-grown plankton sounds like a less dramatic approach. But the field is so new that scientists don’t yet know whether geoengineering with microorganisms would really be a gentler form of climate intervention. Microbes, after all, play enormously consequential roles in the world around us and within us. For the best chance of keeping Earth liveable, scientists need to understand exactly how the microscopic creatures might be useful, and perhaps even preferable to the more sci-fi approaches to cooling off the world. One favored approach centers on methane, a greenhouse gas accounting for 30% of the rise in global temperature. Mary Lidstrom, a professor, is working on genetically modifying bacteria that naturally consume methane, so that the microbes pull even more gas from the air. The bacteria would live inside facilities known as bioreactors. They could be positioned near known methane sources — landfills and wetlands — to minimize the amount of methane that makes it into the air. Scaling up any kind of climate engineering is tricky. Significantly slowing warming caused by methane would require about 300,000 bioreactors to be active for 20 years. And the downstream effects are difficult to predict, let alone contain. For example, the iron put into the Pacific Ocean could have consequences for other regions of the world’s seas. Also, there’s nearly as much uncertainty about intended effects. Scientists don’t know for sure how effective these concepts will prove to be. The 1993 ship expeditions, for example, didn’t stick around very long; the journeys were expensive, and scientists couldn’t remain at sea to determine what exactly was happening in the depths. Carbon stolen out of the atmosphere should remain buried for at least a century for maximum impact Yet it’s entirely possible that if the phytoplankton doesn’t sink to deep enough waters, it just gets eaten by the organisms in the surface ocean, and that CO₂ just returns to the atmosphere. The hotter the planet gets, the more attractive geoengineering will likely seem. Short of large-scale behavioral changes globally, we do seem to be committing ourselves to an engineered solution on our current routes. We might have to decide, sooner than we think, which levers we need to pull, large or small. 27. What can we learn about geoengineering? A. Ocean iron-fertilization is on the horizon. B. Sunlight-reflection method is cost-effective. C. Methane-eating bacteria are being improved. D. Gas-sucking machine is a theoretical concept. 28. What can we infer from Paragraph 4 about the geoengineering approaches? A. Their impact on the ecosystem is overlooked. B. Their implications are hard to anticipate. C. They call for decades of preparation. D. They are monitored continuously. 29. The iron-fertilization experiment may achieve its intended effects if __________. A. the target microbes survive B. carbon is stored separately C. the phytoplankton grows faster D. more deep-sea organisms are tested 30. What might be the best title for the passage? A. How Will Geoengineering Better Earth’s Systems? B. How to Cool the World Without Blocking the Sun? C. How to Steal Carbon with Sci-fi Approaches? D. How Can the Engineered Solution Deliver? D The science of our age is computational. Without models, simulations (模拟), statistical analysis, data storage and so on, our knowledge of the world would grow far more slowly. The late philosopher Paul Humphreys called this the “hybrid scenario” of science, where parts of the scientific process are assigned to computers. He also identified an “automated scenario”, where computers take over science completely. If such a scenario ever arrives, we would see a strange world indeed — the computational capacities for scientific reasoning, data processing, model-making and theorizing would far surpass our own abilities to the point that we humans are no longer needed. AI or artificial superintelligences may decide to explore scientific interests that human scientists are unmotivated to pursue, creating whole new paths of discovery. They might even gain knowledge about the world that lies beyond what our brains are capable of understanding. If the results of the completely automated scenario are beyond our comprehension, then why would we want to devote economic resources and intellectual talent towards its development? One reason may be that we think positive advancements will follow. A different reason would be aesthetic (美学的). There is something aesthetically pleasing in knowing that the world is being known, studied and understood. Alternatively, humanity might pursue the automated scenario out of beneficence: We think it would be good for the artificial superintelligences to pursue their own advanced science. Equally as many are those reasons why we might decide not to pursue the automated scenario. Perhaps, the discoveries the artificial superintelligence makes would generate new and terrible weapons. Perhaps, it’s simply the concern that some of the superintelligences will begin to experiment in ways that are dangerous, immoral or contrary to humanity’s shared values. So, what will we do? In Humphreys’s original presentation of the automated scenario, he suggested that the automated scenario would replace human science. Broader considerations point elsewhere. Our desires for understanding, explanation, knowledge and control will remain, and we cannot help but take action to address those desires — to continue to do science. We humans create beautiful things, pursue interhuman connection in friendship and romance, and find and construct meaning in life. The same holds true for our motivations for science. We will be stuck with our curiosity to understand and explain the natural world around us. If the automated scenario comes to pass, it seems that it will have to be as some new, alternative, secondary path — not a replacement, but an addition. Two species, pursuing science side by side, with different motivations, interests, frameworks and theories. Indeed, if we are to remain human, we must continue to pursue science. What are we, really, if we are not beauty-seeking, friendship-making, meaning-constructing, hopelessly curious animals? 31. What is the key difference between the hybrid and automated scenarios? A. The pace of scientific discovery. B. The level of computing efficiency. C. The range of machine domination. D. The depth of human understanding. 32. As for Humphreys’s argument in Paragraph 5, the author is ______. A. appreciative B. uncertain C. submissive D. unfavorable 33. What can be inferred from the passage? A. Scientific motivation is unique to humans. B. Humanity’s shared values need to be changed. C. Discoveries by AI might push past human boundaries. D. Humans should define the framework for AI development. 34. What does the author intend to tell us? A. Science plays a decisive role in who we are. B. The desire for scientific inquiry is here to stay. C. The automated scenario is bound to materialize. D. Humanity and machines work towards the same goal. 第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Charisma Are leaders born or made? Many leaders throughout history—such as Gandhi, Churchill, Napoleon, and Martin Luther King—seem to have a special quality that made them powerful and persuasive. We can identify that quality as charisma, but can we explain it? Charisma means a natural ability to attract other people and make them admire you. It is a complex mixture of social and emotional (情感的) skills. _____35_____ Richard Wiseman, a famous psychologist, points out that there are three key qualities of a charismatic person: They feel their own emotions strongly;they inspire strong emotions in other people; and they are unaffected by the influences of other charismatic people. You needn’ t worry if you don’ t have these qualities. _____36_____ Wiseman says that when you come upon someone who is charismatic, you can copy his or her body language and facial expressions without realizing it. This is called mirroring, and it works partly because people’ s behavior influences their emotions. _____37_____ He proves his point by giving the example of smiling back at someone who smiled at you. Your smiling back suggests that you accept the goodwill from the other person and hope to give it back to him. _____38_____ For example, if you stand up straight and raise your chest, you are more likely to feel confident and inspire others to feel confidence in you. Another expert says that the most charismatic people are usually good listeners. They give others the impression of being focused and modest. Charisma plays a large part in success because it is linked to self-confidence. _____39_____ One successful leadership coach points out that you need to come by your skills and techniques naturally,she warns—if the personality you project is not real, you may come across as insincere. A. This type of physical presence can be used to great effect. B. Today there is growing evidence that charisma can be learned. C. Charismatic persons should be active and sensitive to their surroundings. D. It needs to be recognized that charisma is more than just being optimistic. E. It helps to make strong personal connections and communicate effectively with others. F. But it is worth noting that charisma can’ t be a pretended ability although it can be learned. G. He adds you’ re unaware of picking up others’ gestures, but you know it makes you feel good. 第三部分：书面表达(共两节，32分) 第一节 阅读表达(共4小题;第40、41小题各2分，第42小题3分，第43小题5分，共12分) 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。 Stuttering (口吃) has nothing to do with intelligence. I know this because I stutter. If it takes me a while longer to say a word, it’s not because I can’t remember the word; it’s because the neural pathway that transforms words in my head into sounds in my mouth is wired differently. And differences, of course, are the best way to get negative attention in our society. Taking extra time to get my words out can surely be frustrating, but that’s nothing compared to the misery of dealing with people’s reactions. Almost all children who stutter are discouraged from speaking in one way or another. It’s usually not as direct as someone walking up to them and saying, “Hey, stuttering kid! Keep your mouth shut!” But when your voice causes adults and peers to snicker (窃笑) or roll their eyes, it’s pretty discouraging. Growing up, I learned to avoid speaking whenever possible. I hated what came out of my mouth, full of awkward breaks and pauses. I figured whatever future I had, it probably involved a vow of silence. Today I’m a touring author and comedian. It took me 30-something years to get over stuttering. Did I stop stuttering? No! I couldn’t stop if I wanted to. But I stopped wanting to stop. Instead of wasting all my time and energy trying to meet unattainable standards, I learned that it’s OK to stutter. And I learned by example. I attended the National Stuttering Association conference and met all kinds of people who stutter — people who didn’t hate themselves. They stuttered, and they were OK with it! I remember watching them and thinking, “That’s who I want to be!” There’s a popular saying in comedy: “Your weakness is your strength.” When I first entered my local open-mic scene, I was quickly met with some “smart” guys looking to score a cheap laugh at my expense. I remember introducing myself to one comedian and stuttering on my name, as I usually do. Eager to demonstrate his smartness, he replied, “Is that Nina with five Ns?” “No,” I said, “it’s Nina with two Ns!” Just like that, I had created a joke as the result of someone making fun of my stutter. To this day, whenever I need inspiration for a new joke, I just think about all the ridiculous comments I get from non-stuttering people. It’s a comedy gold mine! 40. Why does it take the author a while longer to say a word? _______________________________________________________________________ 41. What did the author learn from the National Stuttering Association conference? _______________________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. As a comedian, the author turns a deaf ear to all the ridiculous comments from non-stuttering people. _______________________________________________________________________ 43. How can you apply the author’s idea about weaknesses in your life? _______________________________________________________________________ 第二节(20分) 44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。为纪念红军长征胜利九十周年，你校上个月组织了为期两天的主题活动。你的英国朋友Jim在网上看到相关信息，很感兴趣，发来邮件询问有关情况。请你用英文给他回复，内容包括： 1．你印象最深的一个环节； 2．你对长征精神的理解。 注意：1．词数100左右； 2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 提示词：长征：the Long March Dear Jim, ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 人大附中2027届高三十月质量检测练习 英语 2026年10月 说明：本试卷共9页，共100分;考试时间90分钟;请在答题卡上填写个人信息，并将选择题的答案填涂在机读卡上. 第一部分：知识运用(共两节，30分) 第一节 完形填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分) 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。 I always recall an autumn day when life troubled me. As a teenager, I was caught up in the ____1____ of school, social activities and college applications — until my neighbor Mr. Jensen ____2____ me. Mr. Jensen was a quiet 70-year-old man who lived alone next door. Despite our age difference, we had a shared love for ____3____, a hobby that formed an unlikely friendship between us. One sunny afternoon, feeling stressed and anxious, I decided to take a break from my studies. I headed outside to my backyard garden where I began to angrily weed, my worries ____4____ into each pull of unwanted greenery. Mr. Jensen was there as usual, ____5____ his blossoming rosebushes. Seeing my upset, he walked slowly over and quietly started weeding alongside me. After a few minutes of shared silence, he finally spoke up. “You know,” he began, “weeding a garden is a lot like going through life.” Interested, I stopped and looked at him. He continued, “Sometimes, we focus so much on the ____6____ — the problems and difficulties — that we forget to enjoy the flowers.” He ____7____ to the beautiful roses in his garden, their bright colors shining in the afternoon sun. “Don’t forget to appreciate the roses, even as you deal with the weeds.” That simple wisdom ____8____ me hard. I had been so focused on my problems that I had simply forgotten to ____9____ my present — the friendships, the joy of learning new things, and the beauty of simply being alive. Now, when life’s “weeds” stress me, I pause and appreciate my “____10____”. 1. A. pressure B. vision C. fear D. loss 2. A. valued B. treated C. grounded D. required 3. A. jogging B. swimming C. planning D. gardening 4. A. pouring B. crashing C. streaming D. rolling 5. A. staring at B. looking for C. tending to D. picking up 6. A. results B. weeds C. misfortunes D. challenges 7. A. dashed B. reacted C. talked D. gestured 8. A. beat B. attracted C. hit D. flooded 9. A. enjoy B. create C. polish D. support 10. A. wisdom B. roses C. neighbor D. problems 【答案】1. A 2. C 3. D 4. A 5. C 6. B 7. D 8. C 9. A 10. B 【解析】 【导语】文章主要讲述了年少时被学业、社交和大学申请的压力裹挟的作者，在热爱园艺的邻居Jensen先生的引导下，从园艺劳作的感悟中明白不要被生活中的烦恼裹挟，要记得欣赏当下美好事物的故事。 【1题详解】 考查名词。句意：作为一个青少年，我被学业、社交活动和大学申请的压力裹挟着——直到我的邻居Jensen先生让我安定下来。A. pressure压力；B. vision视野；C. fear恐惧；D. loss损失。根据上文“I always recall an autumn day when life troubled me.”以及第三段中“feeling stressed and anxious, I decided to take a break from my studies”可知，作者当时正被各类事务带来的压力困扰。 【2题详解】 考查动词。句意：作为一个青少年，我被学业、社交活动和大学申请的压力裹挟着——直到我的邻居Jensen先生让我安定下来。A. valued重视；B. treated对待；C. grounded使安定、使清醒；D. required要求。根据第四段中“Seeing my upset, he walked slowly over and quietly started weeding alongside me.”以及他用园艺的道理开导作者的内容可知，Jensen先生的出现让深陷焦虑的作者从混乱的状态中安定了下来。 【3题详解】 考查名词。句意：尽管我们年龄差距很大，但我们都热爱园艺，这个爱好促成了我们之间一段不同寻常的友谊。A. jogging慢跑；B. swimming游泳；C. planning规划；D. gardening园艺。根据第三段中“I headed outside to my backyard garden where I began to angrily weed”可知，两人的共同爱好是园艺。 【4题详解】 考查动词。句意：我走到外面的后院花园，开始怒气冲冲地除草，把我的烦恼全都宣泄到每一下拔除杂草的动作里。A. pouring倾注、倾泻；B. crashing碰撞；C. streaming流淌；D. rolling滚动。根据上文“feeling stressed and anxious, I decided to take a break from my studies”以及“angrily weed”可知，作者是把满溢的烦恼都宣泄倾注到除草的动作中。 【5题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：Jensen先生像往常一样在那里，照料着他盛开的玫瑰丛。A. staring at凝视；B. looking for寻找；C. tending to照料；D. picking up捡起。根据第二段中“Mr. Jensen was a quiet 70-year-old man who lived alone next door. Despite our age difference, we had a shared love for ________”以及下文“his blossoming rosebushes”可知，喜爱园艺的Jensen先生此时正在打理、照料自己盛开的玫瑰丛。 【6题详解】 考查名词。句意：他继续说道：“有时候，我们太过关注杂草——也就是那些问题和困难，以至于忘了去欣赏花朵。”A. results结果；B. weeds杂草；C. misfortunes厄运；D. challenges挑战。根据第四段中“weeding a garden is a lot like going through life”以及倒数第二段“Don’t forget to appreciate the roses, even as you deal with the weeds.”可知，此处作者是把生活中的困难类比成花园里的杂草。 【7题详解】 考查动词。句意：他指了指花园里美丽的玫瑰，它们鲜艳的色彩在午后的阳光下闪耀。A. dashed猛冲；B. reacted反应；C. talked交谈；D. gestured指向、示意。根据上文“we forget to enjoy the flowers”以及下文“the beautiful roses in his garden, their bright colors shining in the afternoon sun”可知，Jensen先生说话的时候对着身旁的玫瑰做手势示意，用动作指向玫瑰来佐证自己的说法。 【8题详解】 考查动词。句意：那个简单的智慧深深触动了我。A. beat击打；B. attracted吸引；C. hit使猛然意识到、触动；D. flooded涌入。根据下文“I had been so focused on my problems that I had simply forgotten to ________ my present”可知，Jensen先生的话让作者深受触动、幡然醒悟。 【9题详解】 考查动词。句意：我一直太过专注于自己的问题，以至于完全忘记了享受当下——那些友谊、学习新事物的乐趣，以及单纯活着的美好。A. enjoy享受；B. create创造；C. polish打磨；D. support支持。根据倒数第二段“Don’t forget to appreciate the roses, even as you deal with the weeds.”可知，Jensen先生提醒作者要学会欣赏美好，作者此前一直困在压力里，忘了享受当下的生活。 【10题详解】 考查名词。句意：现在，当生活里的“杂草”让我压力重重时，我会停下来欣赏我的“玫瑰”。A. wisdom智慧；B. roses玫瑰；C. neighbor邻居；D. problems问题。根据第四段中“weeding a garden is a lot like going through life”以及倒数第二段“Don’t forget to appreciate the roses, even as you deal with the weeds.”的类比逻辑可知，此处对应前文的比喻，生活里的麻烦是“杂草”，值得欣赏的美好就是“玫瑰”。 第二节 语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分) A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 A retired American teacher reunited with a Chinese farmer 26 years after their initial encounter, returning to the once-barren sandy landscape transformed by his generous donation into a lush green environment. In 1999, Ronald Sakolsky ____11____ (teach) English in Luoyang when he discovered Inner Mongolian farmer Yin Yuzhen’s efforts to combat desertification. ____12____ (inspire) by her dedication, he donated US $5,000 to support her mission. Afterwards, Sakolsky returned to the US, while Yin used the funds ____13____ (plant) over 50,000 trees. Today, vegetation covers more than 80 per cent of the Mu Us Desert, which is one of China’s four major sandy regions. 【答案】11. was teaching 12. Inspired 13. to plant 【解析】 【导语】本文讲述美国退休教师Ronald Sakolsky在洛阳任教时，被中国治沙农民殷玉珍的事迹打动并捐款，26年后二人重逢，昔日沙地已变成绿洲的故事。 【11题详解】 考查时态。句意：1999年，Ronald Sakolsky正在洛阳教英语，这时他了解到内蒙古农民殷玉珍防治荒漠化所做的努力。was/were doing…when…意为“正在做某事，这时……”。In 1999是过去时间，主语Ronald Sakolsky是单数，be动词用was，teach变为was teaching。 【12题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：被她的奉献精神所鼓舞，他捐赠了5000美元来支持她的事业。句子主语he和inspire之间是被动关系，要用过去分词作状语，置于句首首字母大写。 【13题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：之后，Sakolsky回到美国，而殷玉珍用这笔资金种下了5万多棵树。固定搭配use sth. to do sth.意为“使用某物去做某事”，此处用不定式to plant作目的状语。 B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Poetry is the music of language, distilling (浓缩) emotion into its ____14____ (pure) form. It captures fleeting moments — a sunset, a sigh, a heartbeat — and makes them eternal. Through rhythm and imagery, poetry speaks ____15____ ordinary words cannot, touching the soul beyond logic. It is both intimate and universal, whispering truths that resonate across time and culture. A single line can evoke tears or ignite hope, ____16____ (prove) that less can indeed be more. Poetry is the art of seeing the world anew, where every word carries weight and every silence holds meaning. It is beauty, breathing. 【答案】14. purest 15. what 16. proving 【解析】 【导语】文章介绍了诗歌的魅力：它是语言的音乐，将情感浓缩至最纯粹的形态，用韵律与意象触动灵魂，言简而意丰。 【14题详解】 考查形容词。句意：诗歌是语言的音乐，把情感浓缩成它最纯粹的形式。根据句意可知，此处表达“最纯粹的”，应用形容词pure的最高级形式purest。 【15题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：借助韵律和意象，诗歌诉说着普通词语所不能诉说的东西，超越逻辑去触动灵魂。此处为宾语从句，作动词speaks的宾语，从句中为避免重复，省略了cannot后的实义动词speak，其后缺宾语，表示“……的事物”，应用连接代词what。 【16题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：简简单单一行诗句就可以催人泪下或者点燃希望，证明少确实可以胜多。句中已有谓语动词can evoke，空处应填非谓语形式；此处用现在分词proving作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果。 C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Yanqi Lake, located at the foot of the Yanshan Mountains in Huairou, Beijing, is a scenic spot ____17____ wild geese rest during spring and autumn, hence its name. Originally a reservoir built in 1959, it ____18____ (become) a national tourist attraction in the past few decades. The lake covers 230 hectares and ____19____ (surround) by mountains on three sides. It gained international fame as the venue for the 2014 APEC summit and the 2017 Belt and Road Forum. Today, it serves ____20____ both an international conference center and a public leisure destination, featuring a 13.14-kilometer lakeside greenway for cycling and hiking. 【答案】17. where 18. has become 19. is surrounded 20. as 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍了北京雁栖湖的地理位置、历史沿革及现状。 【17题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：雁栖湖位于北京怀柔燕山脚下，是一处春秋两季有大雁栖息的风景区，因此得名。空处引导的定语从句，修饰先行词a scenic spot；先行词是地点名词，所填关系词在该从句中作地点状语，要填关系副词where。 【18题详解】 考查动词的态和主谓一致。句意：它最初是1959年修建的一座水库，在过去几十年里已成为国家级旅游景区。所填词作谓语，时间状语in the past few decades是现在完成时的标志词；主语是代词it，和提示词become之间是语义上的主动关系，要填has become。 【19题详解】 考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：该湖占地230公顷，三面环山。本句陈述客观事实，根据by mountains on three sides可知，主语The lake与surround之间为被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态；主语是单数名词，要填is surrounded。 【20题详解】 考查介词。句意：如今，它充当国际会议中心和公众休闲目的地双重角色，还设有一条13.14公里的环湖绿道供骑行和徒步。serve as是固定短语，表示“充当”，要填介词as。 第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，38分) 第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。 A DOWNLOAD THESE APPS Our brains need challenging tasks to stay sharp. And thankfully, there’s an app for that — many, actually. Alvaro Femandez, CEO of market-research firm Sharp-Brains, suggests trying ones other than the games you usually play. “If you’re doing something that brings novelty, variety and a level of effort, you’re on the right path.” Here are three apps to get your brain going — and three more to help it gear back down. BrainHQ This app serves up short tests to identify your weak spots — be it memory or brain speed — and then offers suitable games to help you improve. Studies have shown users have the memory of a person 10 years younger, and have an easier time following a conversation in a crowded room. Lumocity Launched in 2007, this popular app with over 100 million users offers dozens of games and puzzles that focus on different brain skills. Completing tangram puzzles will help build your problem-solving abilities, matching games boost memory, and reordering numbers hones your mastery of math. Cognifit This app offers fun brain games that help boost a dozen skills, including concentration, memory, reasoning and coordination. (It even promises to help you become a better driver!) Additionally, Cognifit features tailored regimens for specific conditions, including Parkinson’s, “chemo brain,” depression and ADHD. Calm True to its name, Calm contains breathing exercises, 3-to-25-minute guided meditation sessions and stories designed to help you fall asleep. Actor Mathew McConaughey voices one such tale, called “Wonder”. Headspace This app has hundreds of guided meditations for every need: two-minute mini-sits, SOS sessions for moments of serious stress and versions for walks. For the end of the day, Headspace offers 45-minute podcasts that use calming visualizations and sounds to help you nod off. 10% Happier Inspired by ABC news anchor Dan Harris’ bestselling book, this app includes more than 500 guided meditations, as well as short videos to keep you motivated — and the option to text with a coach. 21. Which of the following is true according to the passage? A. Calm, Headspace and 10% Happier can help users improve sleep quality. B. The users of BrainHQ are ten years younger than those who don’t use it. C. Both Lumocity and Cognifit can improve users’ memory through games. D. In Calm, users can watch Mathew McConaughey act in the story “Wonder”. 22. “Jane is a senior three student. Since the beginning of school, she has been unable to concentrate in class, depressed and not very interested in anything.” Which of the following apps may be best for her? A. Calm and Headspace. B. Cognifit and 10% Happier. C. BrainHQ and Cognifit. D. Lumocity and 10% Happier. 23. This passage is more likely to be seen in ________. A. the health page of a newspaper B. a feature in a technology journal C. an analysis from a medical magazine D. research from a university publication 【答案】21. C 22. B 23. A 【解析】 【导语】本文介绍了六款帮助锻炼大脑或放松大脑的应用程序。 【21题详解】 细节理解题。根据Lumocity下面的“Completing tangram puzzles will help build your problem-solving abilities, matching games boost memory, and reordering numbers hones your mastery of math.(完成七巧板拼图将有助于培养你的解决问题能力，配对游戏提升记忆力，重新排序数字可以磨练你对数学的掌握)”以及Cognifit下面的“This app offers fun brain games that help boost a dozen skills, including concentration, memory, reasoning and coordination.(这款应用提供有趣的脑力游戏，有助于提升十多种能力，包括专注力、记忆力、推理能力和协调能力)”可知，Lumocity和Cognifit都可以通过游戏提升用户记忆力。 【22题详解】 推理判断题。根据Cognifit下面的“This app offers fun brain games that help boost a dozen skills, including concentration, memory, reasoning and coordination. Additionally, Cognifit features tailored regimens for specific conditions, including Parkinson’s, “chemo brain,” depression and ADHD.(这款应用提供有趣的脑力游戏，有助于提升十多种能力，包括专注力、记忆力、推理能力和协调能力。此外，Cognifit针对特定状况提供定制疗法，包括帕金森综合征、化疗脑、抑郁症以及注意缺陷多动障碍)”以及10% Happier下面的“Inspired by ABC news anchor Dan Harris’ bestselling book, this app includes more than 500 guided meditations, as well as short videos to keep you motivated — and the option to text with a coach.(这款应用受美国广播公司新闻主播丹·哈里斯的畅销书启发，包含500多个引导式冥想，还有短视频激励用户，并且可以选择和教练短信沟通)”可知，Jane上课无法集中注意力、情绪低落且对任何事提不起来兴趣，Cognifit可应对注意力和抑郁问题，10% Happier有冥想、激励视频并且还可咨询教练，可以帮助提升兴趣，最适合她。 【23题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中“Here are three apps to get your brain going — and three more to help it gear back down.(这里有三个应用程序可以让你的大脑运转起来，还有三个可以帮助它减速)”并结合全文可知，文章介绍锻炼大脑、放松解压的各类App，和大众身心健康相关，最有可能出自报纸的健康版面。 B Dear Mr. Watson, CLAIMAL54323432-STORM DAMAGE TO ROOF I received a cheque for $623 dated 26 January in payment of my recent claim. However, I wish to tell you how upset I have been by the way your Claims Assessor, Mr. Michael Tan, handled this claim. When Mr. Tan first called me, he specifically told me that he believed I had been overcharged, and he would expect to pay that price for work on a double garage, rather than a single garage like mine. Mr. Tan suggested that I neither use nor recommend the contractor again. He continued to tell me it was unlikely for me to receive full payment. Never during this conversation did he mention that the reason for not receiving full payment was because of the nature of my insurance policy. Consequently, I wrote to Mr. Lance Ashe to complain about his pricing, stating that I was very upset thinking that he could have taken advantage by overcharging a 73-year-old woman. Mr. Ashe telephoned me immediately and explained his charges in detail. He later reported back to me that Mr. Tan explained that I would not receive full payment because of the type of policy I hold, which does not cover wear and tear. This was the first time this issue had been brought to my attention, so you can imagine my surprise. When I received Mr. Tan’s letter of 2 February, this situation was explained. If this had been explained in the first place I would have accepted it and would not have questioned Mr. Ashe’s charges. Instead, by telling me initially that I had been overcharged for this work, he caused a great deal of upset, not only for me but also for Mr. Ashe. I believed this claim was handled badly by Mr. Tan from the beginning. Therefore, a great deal of embarrassment has been caused over this issue. I felt you should know how disappointed and upset I am. I trust you will look into this and ensure that such claims are handled more appropriately in the future. Yours sincerely, Mrs. Richard 24. The author writes this letter to ___________ A. complain about a mishandled case B. inform the manager of a payment C. demand an apology from Mr. Watson D. require the manager to fire Mr. Tan 25. The underlined words “the contractor” in Para.2 refer to __________. A. Mr. Tan B. Mrs. Richard C. Mr. Watson D. Mr. Ashe 26. The author could not receive full payment because __________. A. her policy doesn’t cover some of the items B. the contractor overcharged her for the work C. Mr. Watson doesn’t take the matter seriously D. she spent too much money fixing her garage 【答案】24. A 25. D 26. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章是一封投诉信，Richard太太写信给保险公司投诉理赔评估人Michael Tan先生对自己案件的不当处理。 【24题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“I received a cheque for $623 dated 26 January in payment of my recent claim. However, I wish to tell you how upset I have been by the way your Claims Assessor, Mr. Michael Tan, handled this claim. (我已收到1月26日支票623美元，以支付我最近的索赔。但是，我想告诉你们，我对你们的理赔评估人Michael Tan先生处理这一索赔的方式是多么不满意。)”可推知，Richard太太写这封信是为了投诉一起处理不当的案件。故选A。 【25题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第二段中“When Mr. Tan first called me, he specifically told me that he believed I had been overcharged, and he would expect to pay that price for work on a double garage, rather than a single garage like mine. (当谭先生第一次打电话给我的时候，他明确地告诉我，他认为我被多收了钱，他希望为双层车库而不是像我这样的单间车库支付这个价格。)”以及第三段中“Consequently, I wrote to Mr. Lance Ashe to complain about his pricing, stating that I was very upset thinking that he could have taken advantage by overcharging a 73-year-old woman. (因此，我写信给Lance Ashe先生投诉他的定价，说我非常不安，想到他可能是占了一个73岁妇女的便宜，多收了费。)”可知，谭先生认为作者被多收了钱，并且建议Richard太太不要再使用这个承包商，而这个承包商正是Lance Ashe先生。故划线词指的是“Mr. Ashe”。故选D。 【26题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Never during this conversation did he mention that the reason for not receiving full payment was because of the nature of my insurance policy. (在这次谈话中，他从未提到我没有得到全额赔偿的原因是我的保险政策的性质。)”以及第三段中“He later reported back to me that Mr. Tan explained that I would not receive full payment because of the type of policy I hold, which does not cover wear and tear. (他后来告诉我，谭先生解释说，我不会收到全额赔偿，因为我所持的保单不包括磨损。)”可知，Richard太太不能得到全额赔付，因为她的保单不包括一些项目。故选A。 C In 1993, a ship sailed into the Pacific Ocean carrying nearly 1,000 pounds of iron, then dumped it all into the waves. The next morning, the water turned a little greenish due to newly emerged phytoplankton (浮游生物). The microorganisms, which need iron to grow, draw CO₂ out of the air. Fertilizing the ocean with iron is a form of geoengineering, a set of technologies fascinating for their potential to meaningfully impact Earth’s systems, and controversial for the same reason. As the planet heats, geoengineering is employed to manipulate (控制) it in novel ways, whether researchers mist the skies with sea salt to increase how much sunlight clouds reflect or invent machines to suck greenhouse gases out of the atmosphere. Engineering home-grown plankton sounds like a less dramatic approach. But the field is so new that scientists don’t yet know whether geoengineering with microorganisms would really be a gentler form of climate intervention. Microbes, after all, play enormously consequential roles in the world around us and within us. For the best chance of keeping Earth liveable, scientists need to understand exactly how the microscopic creatures might be useful, and perhaps even preferable to the more sci-fi approaches to cooling off the world. One favored approach centers on methane, a greenhouse gas accounting for 30% of the rise in global temperature. Mary Lidstrom, a professor, is working on genetically modifying bacteria that naturally consume methane, so that the microbes pull even more gas from the air. The bacteria would live inside facilities known as bioreactors. They could be positioned near known methane sources — landfills and wetlands — to minimize the amount of methane that makes it into the air. Scaling up any kind of climate engineering is tricky. Significantly slowing warming caused by methane would require about 300,000 bioreactors to be active for 20 years. And the downstream effects are difficult to predict, let alone contain. For example, the iron put into the Pacific Ocean could have consequences for other regions of the world’s seas. Also, there’s nearly as much uncertainty about intended effects. Scientists don’t know for sure how effective these concepts will prove to be. The 1993 ship expeditions, for example, didn’t stick around very long; the journeys were expensive, and scientists couldn’t remain at sea to determine what exactly was happening in the depths. Carbon stolen out of the atmosphere should remain buried for at least a century for maximum impact Yet it’s entirely possible that if the phytoplankton doesn’t sink to deep enough waters, it just gets eaten by the organisms in the surface ocean, and that CO₂ just returns to the atmosphere. The hotter the planet gets, the more attractive geoengineering will likely seem. Short of large-scale behavioral changes globally, we do seem to be committing ourselves to an engineered solution on our current routes. We might have to decide, sooner than we think, which levers we need to pull, large or small. 27. What can we learn about geoengineering? A. Ocean iron-fertilization is on the horizon. B. Sunlight-reflection method is cost-effective. C. Methane-eating bacteria are being improved. D. Gas-sucking machine is a theoretical concept. 28. What can we infer from Paragraph 4 about the geoengineering approaches? A. Their impact on the ecosystem is overlooked. B. Their implications are hard to anticipate. C. They call for decades of preparation. D. They are monitored continuously. 29. The iron-fertilization experiment may achieve its intended effects if __________. A. the target microbes survive B. carbon is stored separately C. the phytoplankton grows faster D. more deep-sea organisms are tested 30. What might be the best title for the passage? A. How Will Geoengineering Better Earth’s Systems? B. How to Cool the World Without Blocking the Sun? C. How to Steal Carbon with Sci-fi Approaches? D. How Can the Engineered Solution Deliver? 【答案】27. C 28. B 29. A 30. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了地球工程(geoengineering)这一技术，包括其向海洋施铁以促进浮游生物生长吸收二氧化碳、改造细菌消耗甲烷等方法，同时也探讨了其潜在的不确定性和风险。 【27题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“One favored approach centers on methane, a greenhouse gas accounting for 30% of the rise in global temperature. Mary Lidstrom, a professor, is working on genetically modifying bacteria that naturally consume methane, so that the microbes pull even more gas from the air. (一种受欢迎的方法是以甲烷为中心，甲烷是一种温室气体，占全球温度上升的30%。教授Mary Lidstrom正在研究如何基因改造自然消耗甲烷的细菌，以便这些微生物从空气中吸收更多的气体)”可知，关于地球工程，有科学家正在研究如何基因改造消耗甲烷的细菌，即改进食用甲烷的细菌。故选C项。 【28题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“Significantly slowing warming caused by methane would require about 300,000 bioreactors to be active for 20 years. And the downstream effects are difficult to predict, let alone contain. For example, the iron put into the Pacific Ocean could have consequences for other regions of the world’s seas.(要想显著减缓甲烷引起的气候变暖，需要大约30万个生物反应器在20年内保持活跃。下游的影响很难预测，更不用说控制了。例如，进入太平洋的铁可能会对世界海洋的其他地区产生影响)”可推知，地球工程方法可能带来其它后果，其影响很难预测。故选B项。 【29题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第5段：“ if the phytoplankton doesn’t sink to deep enough waters, it just gets eaten by the organisms in the surface ocean, and that CO₂ just returns to the atmosphere.”（如果浮游植物没有下沉到足够深的水域，它就会被表层海洋中的生物吃掉，而那些二氧化碳就会重新回到大气中。)可知，浮游生物需存活并沉入深海（避免被捕食），才能长期封存碳。结合选项可知，选项A：“target microbes survive”（目标微生物存活）是下沉封存的前提，切题。故选A项。 【30题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，对比传统地球工程（如反光、吸碳机器）与微生物方法（铁施肥、甲烷菌），强调后者可能更温和但不确定性高（第2、5段），并探讨其可行性（第3段）与挑战（第4-5段）。故选B项。 D The science of our age is computational. Without models, simulations (模拟), statistical analysis, data storage and so on, our knowledge of the world would grow far more slowly. The late philosopher Paul Humphreys called this the “hybrid scenario” of science, where parts of the scientific process are assigned to computers. He also identified an “automated scenario”, where computers take over science completely. If such a scenario ever arrives, we would see a strange world indeed — the computational capacities for scientific reasoning, data processing, model-making and theorizing would far surpass our own abilities to the point that we humans are no longer needed. AI or artificial superintelligences may decide to explore scientific interests that human scientists are unmotivated to pursue, creating whole new paths of discovery. They might even gain knowledge about the world that lies beyond what our brains are capable of understanding. If the results of the completely automated scenario are beyond our comprehension, then why would we want to devote economic resources and intellectual talent towards its development? One reason may be that we think positive advancements will follow. A different reason would be aesthetic (美学的). There is something aesthetically pleasing in knowing that the world is being known, studied and understood. Alternatively, humanity might pursue the automated scenario out of beneficence: We think it would be good for the artificial superintelligences to pursue their own advanced science. Equally as many are those reasons why we might decide not to pursue the automated scenario. Perhaps, the discoveries the artificial superintelligence makes would generate new and terrible weapons. Perhaps, it’s simply the concern that some of the superintelligences will begin to experiment in ways that are dangerous, immoral or contrary to humanity’s shared values. So, what will we do? In Humphreys’s original presentation of the automated scenario, he suggested that the automated scenario would replace human science. Broader considerations point elsewhere. Our desires for understanding, explanation, knowledge and control will remain, and we cannot help but take action to address those desires — to continue to do science. We humans create beautiful things, pursue interhuman connection in friendship and romance, and find and construct meaning in life. The same holds true for our motivations for science. We will be stuck with our curiosity to understand and explain the natural world around us. If the automated scenario comes to pass, it seems that it will have to be as some new, alternative, secondary path — not a replacement, but an addition. Two species, pursuing science side by side, with different motivations, interests, frameworks and theories. Indeed, if we are to remain human, we must continue to pursue science. What are we, really, if we are not beauty-seeking, friendship-making, meaning-constructing, hopelessly curious animals? 31. What is the key difference between the hybrid and automated scenarios? A. The pace of scientific discovery. B. The level of computing efficiency. C. The range of machine domination. D. The depth of human understanding. 32. As for Humphreys’s argument in Paragraph 5, the author is ______. A. appreciative B. uncertain C. submissive D. unfavorable 33. What can be inferred from the passage? A. Scientific motivation is unique to humans. B. Humanity’s shared values need to be changed. C. Discoveries by AI might push past human boundaries. D. Humans should define the framework for AI development. 34. What does the author intend to tell us? A. Science plays a decisive role in who we are. B. The desire for scientific inquiry is here to stay. C. The automated scenario is bound to materialize. D. Humanity and machines work towards the same goal. 【答案】31. C 32. D 33. C 34. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，作者先介绍两种模式，再分析自动化模式的利弊，最终明确观点：人类对探索、理解自然世界的好奇心和科研渴望会一直存在，自动化模式即便实现，也只是人类科学的补充而非替代，人类必然会继续开展科学研究。 【31题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“The late philosopher Paul Humphreys called this the “hybrid scenario” of science, where parts of the scientific process are assigned to computers. He also identified an “automated scenario”, where computers take over science completely.(已故哲学家保罗·汉弗莱斯（Paul Humphreys）将这种情形称为科学的“混合模式”，即科学过程的部分环节交由计算机处理。他还提出了一种“全自动化模式”，即计算机完全接管科学)”可知，混合模式与全自动化模式之间的关键区别是机器主导的范围。故选C。 【32题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Broader considerations point elsewhere. Our desires for understanding, explanation, knowledge and control will remain, and we cannot help but take action to address those desires — to continue to do science.(但更广泛的考量指向了另一个方向。我们对理解、解释、知识和控制的渴望将依然存在，我们无法不采取行动来满足这些渴望——即继续从事科学活动)”可知，Humphreys的观点是“自动化模式会取代人类科学”，而作者紧接着用“Broader considerations point elsewhere.(更全面的考量指向另一个方向)”明确反驳，随后指出人类对探索世界的渴望会一直存在，必然会继续开展科学研究。由此可见，作者对Humphreys的观点是不赞同的。故选D。 【33题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“AI or artificial superintelligences may decide to explore scientific interests that human scientists are unmotivated to pursue, creating whole new paths of discovery. They might even gain knowledge about the world that lies beyond what our brains are capable of understanding.(人工智能或超级人工智能可能会决定探索人类科学家缺乏动力去追求的科学兴趣，开辟全新的发现路径。它们甚至可能获得超出人类大脑理解能力的世界知识)”可知，人工智能的发现可能会突破人类的界限。故选C。 【34题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是倒数第二段“Our desires for understanding, explanation, knowledge and control will remain, and we cannot help but take action to address those desires — to continue to do science. We humans create beautiful things, pursue interhuman connection in friendship and romance, and find and construct meaning in life. The same holds true for our motivations for science. We will be stuck with our curiosity to understand and explain the natural world around us.(我们对理解、阐释、认知与掌控的渴望将始终存在，我们不由自主地会采取行动来满足这些渴望——即持续投身于科学探索。我们人类创造美好事物，在友情与爱情中追寻人际间的联结，并在生活中探寻与构建意义。对于科学探索的动机，亦是如此。我们会始终怀揣着好奇心，去理解并阐释我们周围的自然世界)”可知，文章核心围绕 “科学研究的自动化模式” 展开，作者先介绍两种模式，再分析自动化模式的利弊，最终明确观点：人类对探索、理解自然世界的好奇心和科研渴望会一直存在，自动化模式即便实现，也只是人类科学的补充而非替代，人类必然会继续开展科学研究，因此本文是想告诉我们对科学探索的渴望将永存不灭。故选B。 第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Charisma Are leaders born or made? Many leaders throughout history—such as Gandhi, Churchill, Napoleon, and Martin Luther King—seem to have a special quality that made them powerful and persuasive. We can identify that quality as charisma, but can we explain it? Charisma means a natural ability to attract other people and make them admire you. It is a complex mixture of social and emotional (情感的) skills. _____35_____ Richard Wiseman, a famous psychologist, points out that there are three key qualities of a charismatic person: They feel their own emotions strongly;they inspire strong emotions in other people; and they are unaffected by the influences of other charismatic people. You needn’ t worry if you don’ t have these qualities. _____36_____ Wiseman says that when you come upon someone who is charismatic, you can copy his or her body language and facial expressions without realizing it. This is called mirroring, and it works partly because people’ s behavior influences their emotions. _____37_____ He proves his point by giving the example of smiling back at someone who smiled at you. Your smiling back suggests that you accept the goodwill from the other person and hope to give it back to him. _____38_____ For example, if you stand up straight and raise your chest, you are more likely to feel confident and inspire others to feel confidence in you. Another expert says that the most charismatic people are usually good listeners. They give others the impression of being focused and modest. Charisma plays a large part in success because it is linked to self-confidence. _____39_____ One successful leadership coach points out that you need to come by your skills and techniques naturally,she warns—if the personality you project is not real, you may come across as insincere. A. This type of physical presence can be used to great effect. B. Today there is growing evidence that charisma can be learned. C. Charismatic persons should be active and sensitive to their surroundings. D. It needs to be recognized that charisma is more than just being optimistic. E. It helps to make strong personal connections and communicate effectively with others. F. But it is worth noting that charisma can’ t be a pretended ability although it can be learned. G. He adds you’ re unaware of picking up others’ gestures, but you know it makes you feel good. 【答案】35. E 36. B 37. G 38. A 39. F 【解析】 【分析】本文是说明文。文章介绍历史上领导者都具有魅力或非凡的领导能力。魅力意味着一种自然的吸引他人的能力让他们羡慕你，魅力不可能是一种假装的能力，尽管它是可以习得的。 【35题详解】 根据上句Charisma means a natural ability to attract other people and make them admire you. It is a complex mixture of social and emotional (情感的) skills. 得知，魅力意味着一种自然的能力，吸引别人并使他们崇拜你，这是一种复杂的社会和情感技能的混合体。可知，这里在描述魅力的优势，接下来要继续陈述它的优点，选项E中helps to do，它有助于建立强有力的人际关系，并与他人有效沟通。起到承上启下的作用。故选E。 【36题详解】 根据空格下句Wiseman says that when you come upon someone who is charismatic, you can copy his or her body language and facial expressions without realizing it. 得知，怀斯曼说，当你遇到一个有魅力的人时，你可以下意识的模仿他或她的肢体语言和面部表情。由此可知，魅力是可以模仿的。copy和learn是近义词。如今，越来越多的证据表明，魅力是可以习得的。故选B。 【37题详解】 根据上句This is called mirroring, and it works partly because people’ s behavior influences their emotions.得知，这被称为镜像，它的作用主要是因为人们的行为影响了他们的情绪。再根据空格下句He proves his point by giving the example of smiling back at someone who smiled at you. 得知，他通过给一个对你微笑的人微笑，证明了他的观点。可知， influences their emotions体现在选项中makes you feel good.，是你没有意识到你在学会别人的姿势，但你知道这会让你感觉良好。故选G。 【38题详解】 根据下句For example, if you stand up straight and raise your chest, you are more likely to feel confident and inspire others to feel confidence in you. 举个例子，如果你站直了，抬起你的胸膛，你就更有可能感到自信，并激励他人对你有信心。此空位于句首，在总结这种姿势的积极效果。”故选A。 【39题详解】 根据上句Charisma plays a large part in success because it is linked to self-confidence.得知，魅力在成功中起着很大的作用，因为它与自信有关。再根据空格下句：她警告说，一位成功的领导教练指出，你需要自然地掌握自己的技能和技巧。由此可知，魅力不可能是一种假装的能力，尽管它是可以习得的。故选F。 第三部分：书面表达(共两节，32分) 第一节 阅读表达(共4小题;第40、41小题各2分，第42小题3分，第43小题5分，共12分) 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。 Stuttering (口吃) has nothing to do with intelligence. I know this because I stutter. If it takes me a while longer to say a word, it’s not because I can’t remember the word; it’s because the neural pathway that transforms words in my head into sounds in my mouth is wired differently. And differences, of course, are the best way to get negative attention in our society. Taking extra time to get my words out can surely be frustrating, but that’s nothing compared to the misery of dealing with people’s reactions. Almost all children who stutter are discouraged from speaking in one way or another. It’s usually not as direct as someone walking up to them and saying, “Hey, stuttering kid! Keep your mouth shut!” But when your voice causes adults and peers to snicker (窃笑) or roll their eyes, it’s pretty discouraging. Growing up, I learned to avoid speaking whenever possible. I hated what came out of my mouth, full of awkward breaks and pauses. I figured whatever future I had, it probably involved a vow of silence. Today I’m a touring author and comedian. It took me 30-something years to get over stuttering. Did I stop stuttering? No! I couldn’t stop if I wanted to. But I stopped wanting to stop. Instead of wasting all my time and energy trying to meet unattainable standards, I learned that it’s OK to stutter. And I learned by example. I attended the National Stuttering Association conference and met all kinds of people who stutter — people who didn’t hate themselves. They stuttered, and they were OK with it! I remember watching them and thinking, “That’s who I want to be!” There’s a popular saying in comedy: “Your weakness is your strength.” When I first entered my local open-mic scene, I was quickly met with some “smart” guys looking to score a cheap laugh at my expense. I remember introducing myself to one comedian and stuttering on my name, as I usually do. Eager to demonstrate his smartness, he replied, “Is that Nina with five Ns?” “No,” I said, “it’s Nina with two Ns!” Just like that, I had created a joke as the result of someone making fun of my stutter. To this day, whenever I need inspiration for a new joke, I just think about all the ridiculous comments I get from non-stuttering people. It’s a comedy gold mine! 40. Why does it take the author a while longer to say a word? _______________________________________________________________________ 41. What did the author learn from the National Stuttering Association conference? _______________________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. As a comedian, the author turns a deaf ear to all the ridiculous comments from non-stuttering people. _______________________________________________________________________ 43. How can you apply the author’s idea about weaknesses in your life? _______________________________________________________________________ 【答案】40. It’s because the neural pathway that transforms words in the author’s head into sounds in the author’s mouth is wired differently. 41. It’s OK to stutter. 42. As a comedian, the author turns a deaf ear to all the ridiculous comments from non-stuttering people. Whenever the author needs inspiration for a new joke, she just thinks about all the ridiculous comments she gets from non-stuttering people. 43. 示例：I will accept my weaknesses and make good use of them, just like the author. For example, I am short, which is a disadvantage in basketball. Yet I take advantage of it to move flexibly on the court and play well. 【解析】 【导语】本文主要讲述了一位口吃者走出对自身口吃的自卑，最终成为巡演作家和喜剧演员的成长经历。 【40题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第一段的“If it takes me a while longer to say a word, it’s not because I can’t remember the word; it’s because the neural pathway that transforms words in my head into sounds in my mouth is wired differently. (如果我说出一个词需要花更长时间，那并不是因为我记不住这个词；而是因为将我脑中的词语转化为口中发出的声音的神经通路，其连接方式与众不同。)”可知，作者说出一个词需要更长时间的原因是，将脑海中的想法转化为口头语音的神经通路连接方式异于常人。 【41题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第四段的“Instead of wasting all my time and energy trying to meet unattainable standards, I learned that it’s OK to stutter. (我没有浪费所有的时间和精力去追求遥不可及的标准，而是认识到口吃也没关系。)”可知，作者从全国口吃协会的会议中领悟到，不需要强行追求彻底改掉口吃，接纳自己口吃的状态也完全没问题。 【42题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第六段的“To this day, whenever I need inspiration for a new joke, I just think about all the ridiculous comments I get from non-stuttering people. It’s a comedy gold mine! (直到今天，每当我需要新笑话的灵感时，我就会想起所有来自非口吃者的荒谬评论，这是一座喜剧金矿。)”可知，原陈述中“作者对所有来自非口吃者的荒谬评论都充耳不闻”的表述是错误的，作者并没有无视这些评论，反而主动将这些评论作为自己喜剧创作的灵感来源。 【43题详解】 开放性题目。此题要求回答：你要如何将作者关于弱点的观点应用到自己的生活中？答案不唯一，合理即可。作者传递的核心观点是不必执着于消除自身的弱点，可以尝试接纳弱点，甚至挖掘弱点的独特价值，将原本的劣势转化为属于自己的独特优势。例如：我会接纳自己的弱点，并像作者那样好好利用它们。比如我个子矮，这在打篮球时是个劣势，但我可以借助这个特点在球场上灵活移动，打出好表现。 第二节(20分) 44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。为纪念红军长征胜利九十周年，你校上个月组织了为期两天的主题活动。你的英国朋友Jim在网上看到相关信息，很感兴趣，发来邮件询问有关情况。请你用英文给他回复，内容包括： 1．你印象最深的一个环节； 2．你对长征精神的理解。 注意：1．词数100左右； 2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 提示词：长征：the Long March Dear Jim, ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】 Dear Jim,   It is great to hear that you are interested in our school’s two‑day activity held last month to mark the 90th anniversary of the victory of the Long March. The part that impressed me most was the field simulation of a small section of the Long March, where we walked 5 kilometers with simple supplies and shared simple meals just like the soldiers did decades ago.   From my point of view, the Long March spirit is about being brave to overcome all difficulties and never giving up when facing challenges. It always pushes me to keep moving forward when I meet obstacles in my senior high study. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达要求考生以李华的身份，给英国朋友Jim回信，介绍学校为纪念长征胜利九十周年举办的两天主题活动，讲述自己印象最深的环节，并说明自己对于长征精神的理解。 【详解】1.词汇积累 感兴趣的：interested → fascinated 推动：push → motivate 克服：overcome → conquer 障碍：obstacle → barrier 2.句式拓展 同义句转换 原句：The part that impressed me most was the field simulation of a small section of the Long March, where we walked 5 kilometers with simple supplies and shared simple meals just like the soldiers did decades ago. 拓展句：What impressed me most was the field simulation of a small section of the Long March, in which we walked 5 kilometers with simple supplies and shared simple meals just like the soldiers did decades ago. 【点睛】【高分句型1】It is great to hear that you are interested in our school’s two‑day activity held last month to mark the 90th anniversary of the victory of the Long March.(运用了that引导的宾语从句和过去分词短语held…作后置定语) 【高分句型2】The part that impressed me most was the field simulation of a small section of the Long March, where we walked 5 kilometers with simple supplies and shared simple meals just like the soldiers did decades ago.(运用了that引导的限制性定语从句以及where引导的非限制性定语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $