内容正文:
Unit 3 Great Ideas Exploring the topic 课时4&5
第四课时 Theme Reading
1. movable adj. 可移动的;活动的
【教材原句】The movable type printing was a great invention in ancient China.
【讲解】
movable 是形容词,意为“可移动的;活动的;不固定的”,由动词 move + -able 构成。
常见搭配:movable type printing(活字印刷术);movable property(动产);movable bridge(活动桥)。
派生词:move(动词,移动);movement(名词,运动;移动);moved(形容词,感动的);moving(形容词,令人感动的)。
辨析:movable(可移动的,强调能够被移动);mobile(移动的,强调便携或可自由移动,如 mobile phone 手机)。
【例句】
• The movable type printing was invented by Bi Sheng. 活字印刷术是毕昇发明的。
• The furniture is movable. 这件家具是可以移动的。
• He was deeply moved by the story. 他被这个故事深深感动了。
【练习题】
1. 用所给词适当形式填空:The ______ (move) type printing is one of the Four Great Inventions.
答案:movable
2. 翻译:活字印刷术是中国古代的伟大发明。
答案:Movable type printing was a great invention in ancient China.
2. speed up 加速;加快
【教材原句】The car sped up as it entered the highway.
【讲解】
speed up 意为“加速;加快”,可指速度加快,也可指进程加快。
speed 作名词,意为“速度;速率”,常见搭配:at high speed(高速);at a speed of(以……的速度);speed limit(限速)。
作动词,过去式和过去分词为 sped 或 speeded,常见搭配:speed up(加速);slow down(减速)。
反义短语:slow down(减速;放慢)。
【例句】
• The train began to speed up. 火车开始加速。
• We need to speed up the project. 我们需要加快项目进度。
• He was driving at a speed of 100 km/h. 他以每小时100公里的速度行驶。
【练习题】
1. 选择:Please ______ if you want to catch the train. A. slow down B. speed up C. put up D. take up
答案:B
2. 翻译:飞机起飞后很快加速了。
答案:The plane sped up soon after take-off.
3. medal n. 奖牌;奖章
【教材原句】She won a gold medal in the Olympic Games.
【讲解】
medal 是可数名词,意为“奖牌;奖章;勋章”,复数形式为 medals。
常见搭配:win a medal(获奖牌);gold medal(金牌);silver medal(银牌);bronze medal(铜牌);medal winner(奖牌获得者)。
辨析:medal(奖牌,金属制成的奖章);model(模型;模特);metal(金属)。注意拼写和发音的区别。
【例句】
• He won a gold medal in the 100-meter race. 他在100米赛跑中获得金牌。
• The soldier was awarded a medal for bravery. 这名士兵因勇敢被授予勋章。
• She has won many medals in her career. 她在职业生涯中赢得了许多奖牌。
【练习题】
1. 选择:The athlete won a ______ medal in the competition. A. model B. metal C. medal D. mental
答案:C
2. 翻译:他在奥运会上获得了一枚银牌。
答案:He won a silver medal in the Olympic Games.
4. in honor of 为纪念;向……致敬
【教材原句】The monument was built in honor of the national heroes.
【讲解】
in honor of 意为“为纪念……;为向……表示敬意;为庆祝……”,美式拼写为 in honor of,英式拼写为 in honour of。
honor 作名词,意为“荣誉;光荣;敬意”,常见搭配:It is an honor to do sth.(做某事很荣幸);have the honor of(有幸……)。
作动词,意为“尊敬;给……以荣誉;履行”,常见搭配:honor one's promise(履行承诺)。
拓展:in memory of(为纪念……);in celebration of(为庆祝……)。
【例句】
• The party was held in honor of his birthday. 聚会是为庆祝他的生日而举办的。
• This street is named in honor of the great scientist. 这条街以这位伟大科学家的名字命名以示纪念。
• It is a great honor to meet you. 很荣幸见到你。
【练习题】
1. 选择:The museum was built ______ the great writer. A. in honor of B. in the honor of C. on honor of D. for honor of
答案:A
2. 翻译:这座纪念碑是为了纪念那些英雄而建的。
答案:The monument was built in honor of the heroes.
第五课时 Grammar in Use
1. 后缀 -en:形容词/名词变动词
【教材原句】The sun brightens the room.
【讲解】
后缀 -en 加在形容词或名词后,构成动词,表示“使变得;使成为”。
形容词 + -en 变动词:weak → weaken(使变弱);bright → brighten(使明亮);wide → widen(加宽);short → shorten(缩短);deep → deepen(加深);sharp → sharpen(使锋利)。
名词 + -en 变动词:strength → strengthen(加强);height → heighten(加高;增强);length → lengthen(加长)。
注意:-en 也可加在名词后变形容词(表材质),如 wood → wooden。
【例句】
• Please shorten the report. 请把报告缩短。
• The road will be widened next year. 这条路明年将加宽。
• We should strengthen our cooperation. 我们应该加强合作。
【练习题】
1. 用所给词适当形式填空:We should ______ (strong) our bodies.
答案:strengthen
2. 写出动词形式:wide → ______;short → ______
答案:widen; shorten
2. 一般过去时的被动语态:was/were + 过去分词
【教材原句】The telephone was invented by Bell in 1876.
【讲解】
一般过去时被动语态结构:主语 + was/were + 过去分词(done)。
肯定句:The bridge was built in 1990.
否定句:主语 + was/were + not + 过去分词。The bridge was not built in 1990.
一般疑问句:Was/Were + 主语 + 过去分词?— Was the bridge built in 1990? — Yes, it was. / No, it wasn't.
特殊疑问句:疑问词 + was/were + 主语 + 过去分词?When was the bridge built?
被动语态强调动作的承受者,动作的执行者由 by 引出(可省略)。
【例句】
• The book was written by Lu Xun. 这本书是鲁迅写的。
• The trees were planted last spring. 这些树是去年春天种的。
• Was the meeting held yesterday? 会议是昨天开的吗?
【练习题】
1. 用所给词适当形式填空:The house ______ (build) ten years ago.
答案:was built
2. 改为被动语态:People invented the wheel thousands of years ago. → The wheel ______ ______ thousands of years ago.
答案:was invented
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