第58卷 说明文阅读理解 -【2027版】黑龙江省（春季高考）《英语考纲百套卷》（原卷版+解析版）

编写说明：【2027版】黑龙江省（春季高考）《英语考纲百套卷》，依据最新版《中等职业学校公共基础课课程标准》及历年真题编写。本套试卷共78份：第一部分是52份考点训练卷。第二部分是单项选择、阅读理解、英汉互译等16份专题训练卷。第三部分是10份综合模拟卷。 本试卷是【2027版】黑龙江省（春季高考）《英语考纲百套卷》的第58卷，是专题训练卷。 【2027版】黑龙江省（春季高考）《英语考纲百套卷》 第58卷 专题训练卷·说明文阅读理解 考试时间：40分钟 满分：100分 班级 姓名 学号 成绩 1、 阅读理解（阅读下列短文，短文后面有五个小题，从每小题所给的四个选项中，选出一个最佳选项。未选、错选或多选均不得分。共25小题，每小题4分, 满分100分。） Passage 1 Rain gardens are special shallow planted areas built in low‑lying city ground. Unlike common flower beds, they are designed to collect and process rain‑water runoff from nearby roads and building rooftops. They serve as one low‑cost nature‑based solution for modern city flood risk. When rain falls, extra surface water flows into rain gardens instead of rushing straight into underground drainage pipes. Native local plants grow inside these gardens. Soil and plant roots work together. They slow water flow, trap dirt and break down certain light pollutants carried by rain‑water. After processing, clean water slowly sinks deep into underground soil layers. Rain gardens bring multiple city benefits. They reduce sudden heavy‑rain pressure on city pipe networks. They also create small green living spaces for insects and birds in built‑up city blocks. However, rain gardens cannot be placed everywhere. Builders need to check local ground conditions. The site cannot sit right above underground water sources, to avoid polluting groundwater. People also need to choose proper local plant species which can stand both wet and dry periods. Many city planners have begun to include rain‑garden designs in new community construction projects. Rain gardens do not solve all urban water problems. But they combine green scenery with practical water‑processing functions and improve the quality of city public space. 1. What is the main design purpose of rain gardens? A. To produce large quantities of fresh drinking water. B. To collect and deal with city rain‑water runoff. C. To grow expensive rare flowers for city visitors. D. To replace all city public parks completely. 2. What helps rain gardens clean rain‑water? A. Man‑made chemical machines inside the garden. B. Soil and roots of local native plants. C. Fast‑running underground drainage pipes. D. Special imported stone decorations. 3. Which factor should builders consider before building a rain garden? A. Local ground and underground water conditions. B. How to grow huge fruit trees inside the area. C. How to make it as large as possible. D. Whether it can produce food for citizens. 4. What benefit can rain gardens bring to city blocks? A. They can stop all heavy‑rain weather. B. They offer small green habitats for birds and insects. C. They can supply enough tap water for nearby families. D. They can remove all kinds of serious industrial pollution. 5. What is the main idea of this passage? A. Different kinds of traditional city public parks. B. Functions, requirements and values of city rain gardens. C. Detailed steps for building large underground pipes. D. Reasons for serious flood disasters in big cities. Passage 2 Noise pollution has gradually become a common city trouble. Continuous loud noise from traffic, construction and public activities influences people’s rest, mood and physical health. Modern material scientists have developed various noise‑reducing materials to ease this problem. Noise‑reducing materials fall into two main groups. One group works by absorbing sound waves. Porous materials belong to this type. Inside these materials exist countless tiny holes. When sound waves go in, energy turns into small heat and sound becomes weaker. Such materials are widely used inside meeting halls, libraries and music‑performance rooms. The second group blocks sound from passing through. Thick heavy boards are typical examples. They stop most sound waves travelling from one side to the other. They are often used on walls beside busy city roads. People need to notice that no single material can solve all noise troubles. Absorbing‑type materials cannot block noise; blocking‑type materials cannot take in extra sound echo inside rooms. So engineers often combine two kinds in real projects. Noise‑reducing materials are not magic. They can lower noise levels but cannot make all noise disappear. Besides material choices, reasonable building layout also matters. For example, setting green belts between roads and living buildings can also cut noise influence. Material technology and layout planning work together to create quieter living surroundings for city residents. 6. What problem do noise‑reducing materials help deal with? A. Shortage of city fresh water resources. B. The shortage of city public green space. C. City noise pollution caused by traffic and activities. D. High cost of city building construction. 7. How do porous sound‑absorbing materials work? A. They reflect all sound waves back to outside. B. Tiny holes take in sound‑wave energy and turn it into heat. C. They produce soft new sound to cover loud noise. D. They change sound into light energy directly. 8. Where are sound‑absorbing porous materials widely used? A. Inside halls, libraries and music‑performance rooms. B. On the surface of city‑road asphalt. C. Under the ground of city squares. D. On the outer surface of household drinking cups. 9. Why do engineers often combine two types of noise‑reducing materials? A. One material is too expensive to use alone. B. The law requires people to use two materials together. C. Using two kinds can completely remove all noise. D. One single type cannot finish all noise‑processing needs. 10. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Two main types of noise‑reducing materials and their practical application. B. Different sources of serious water pollution in modern cities. C. How to completely remove all city environmental pollution. D. History of building high‑speed city traffic roads. Passage 3 Human beings have an inside natural time‑keeping system called the biological clock. It runs inside human bodies and responds mainly to light changes from the outside world. It controls our sleep‑wake circle, body temperature change, hormone release and many other regular body activities. It helps human bodies fit daily day‑night cycles on earth. Different people have slightly different biological‑clock rhythms. Some people naturally feel energetic early in the morning and get sleepy at nightfall. They are often called “early birds”. Some others become active late at night and find it hard to get up early in the morning; people call them “night owls”. These natural differences are partly decided by human genes. However, modern lifestyles greatly influence the operation of biological clocks. Unregular rest schedules can disturb the biological clock. Staying up late for digital screens, sleeping in for long hours on weekends, or long‑distance cross‑time‑zone travel will break its normal rhythm. When the biological clock gets disordered, people may suffer bad sleep quality, low daytime energy and easy bad mood. Long‑term clock disorder may also raise risks of certain physical health troubles. People can take simple steps to keep their biological clock in good condition. Keeping fixed sleeping and getting‑up time every day is the most important measure. Getting proper natural sunlight in daytime also helps. Reducing screen light before bedtime supports stable clock operation. Our biological clock is not unchangeable. With steady living habits, most people can adjust it into a healthy state. 11. What mainly influences the running of human biological clock from outside? A. Food people eat every day. B. Changes of outside light. C. Wind speed of the weather. D. Changes of air pressure. 12. What is true about “early birds” and “night owls”? A. Their rhythm differences are completely decided by living habits only. B. Their body‑time differences come partly from human genes. C. “Night owls” are always in bad physical condition. D. “Early birds” never need sleep in daytime. 13. Which of the following may disturb biological‑clock normal rhythm? A. Keeping the same sleep time every single day. B. Receiving proper natural sunlight in daytime. C. Long‑distance cross‑time‑zone travel. D. Reducing screen light before bedtime. 14. What result may long‑term biological‑clock disorder bring? A. It will make people never need any sleep. B. It may cause poor sleep and increase some health risks. C. It will completely change human gene structure. D. It makes people become “early birds” overnight. 15. What is the main idea of this text? A. The human biological clock: its function, influence factors and adjustment methods. B. Different kinds of sleeping medicines for people with sleep trouble. C. How to cure all serious genetic diseases of human bodies. D. Reasons why modern young people all become night owls. Passage 4 Winter‑time light‑related customs exist across many parts of the world. In cold short‑day winter months, natural sunlight lasts for a short time. Ancient human groups created light‑centred traditions to celebrate the gradual return of longer daylight and wish for warmth and hope. In northern European areas, old winter light traditions connect with candle lighting. Families place multiple candles at home. Candles stand for light beating cold winter darkness. In modern times, public outdoor candle‑lit walking activities are held in some towns. Local residents walk along quiet streets with hand‑held candles and share warm drinks. In parts of North America, there is the tradition of decorating house outer surfaces with colourful light strings in winter holiday seasons. People hang large numbers of small lights on trees, door frames and building walls. Neighbours visit each other to appreciate these light decorations. Some communities organize light‑viewing walking routes for local citizens. In some Asian regions, lantern‑related winter customs have thousands of years of history. Hand‑made paper lanterns carry good‑wish meanings. People hang lanterns in public squares or at home gateways. Some activities include lantern‑riddle games for people of different ages. Though forms differ greatly among different cultures, these winter‑light customs share similar inner spirit. People use man‑made light to fight short dark winter days. They gather together, pass good wishes and look forward to the coming of warmer seasons. Such customs pass down from generation to generation and keep changing little by little with social development. 16. Why did ancient people create winter‑time light‑centred traditions? A. To compete for expensive festival prizes. B. To celebrate daylight getting longer and wish for hope and warmth. C. To produce large amounts of electric power for cities. D. To teach children how to make different kinds of candles. 17. What can we see in some modern northern‑European‑town winter activities? A. Public candle‑lit walking with hand‑held candles. B. Large‑scale firework shows every night. C. Selling huge candle‑making machines. D. International lantern‑making skill competitions. 18. What is the shared inner spirit of different winter‑light customs? A. To make as much electricity consumption as possible. B. To fight winter darkness and pass on people’s good wishes. C. To encourage people to stay at home alone in winter. D. To show off expensive home decorations to neighbours. 19. Which of the following is true about Asian winter lantern customs? A. They have existed for thousands of years. B. They only can be seen inside big museums. C. They require all lanterns to be made from metal materials. D. They cannot be enjoyed by children. 20. What is the main idea of this passage? A. History of electric‑light invention in modern society. B. Different winter‑time light‑related customs around the world. C. How to produce different festival candles in factories. D. Reasons why winter days become short on the earth. Passage 5 Remote‑meeting technology has become widely used in modern business and public‑service work. Supported by network audio‑video tools, people in different locations can hold group meetings without travelling to the same physical room. This technology changes traditional office‑meeting patterns and brings both advantages and practical challenges. For organisations, remote‑meeting tools cut down travelling time and travelling expenses. Team members in different cities or even different countries can communicate conveniently. It also makes it easier for part‑time workers or field‑site staff to take part in group discussion. However, remote meetings are not completely free of limits. Stable high‑speed network connection becomes basic requirement. Bad network conditions will cause voice break‑up and picture delay and disturb whole discussion progress. Besides technical troubles, there are also human‑factor challenges. In remote‑meeting situations, some participants may get easily distracted by home‑side things. Without face‑to‑face atmosphere, some persons are unwilling to express real opinions. Group‑members may misunderstand each other’s meanings because of lack of body‑language information. Remote‑meeting cannot take the place of all face‑to‑face communication. For complex creative brainstorm or important personal‑emotion‑related talks, in‑person meetings still show obvious strengths. Many modern organisations choose mixed modes: use remote‑meeting for regular information‑sharing talks and arrange face‑to‑face meetings for key complex topics. Proper tool selection helps organisations improve overall communication efficiency. 21. What basic technical condition do remote meetings require? A. Very large expensive meeting‑hall buildings. B. Stable high‑speed network connection. C. Every participant must own expensive video cameras. D. Long‑distance air‑travel tickets for every member. 22. What is one advantage of remote‑meeting technology for organisations? A. It completely removes all human‑factor communication mistakes. B. It cuts down travelling time and related expenses. C. It makes every participant offer creative ideas automatically. D. It can solve all complex business problems without discussion. 23. Which belongs to human‑factor challenge for remote‑meeting? A. Participants may get distracted by home‑side surroundings. B. It costs more money than traditional in‑person meetings. C. Participants must travel to one same office building. D. It requires people to work 24 hours non‑stop. 24. What mode do many modern organisations choose at present? A. Give up remote‑meeting and hold all meetings face‑to‑face. B. Hold all meetings completely through remote‑meeting tools. C.Use mixed communication modes according to topic features. D. Stop all group‑meeting activities to save work time. 25. What is the main idea of this passage? A. Remote‑meeting technology: its advantages, challenges and practical usage modes. B. Detailed steps for building large modern office‑meeting halls. C. History of long‑distance business travelling development. D. Ways to solve all network‑connection problems in cities. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 编写说明：【2027版】黑龙江省（春季高考）《英语考纲百套卷》，依据最新版《中等职业学校公共基础课课程标准》及历年真题编写。本套试卷共78份：第一部分是52份考点训练卷。第二部分是单项选择、阅读理解、英汉互译等16份专题训练卷。第三部分是10份综合模拟卷。 本试卷是【2027版】黑龙江省（春季高考）《英语考纲百套卷》的第58卷，是专题训练卷。 【2027版】黑龙江省（春季高考）《英语考纲百套卷》 第58卷 专题训练卷·说明文阅读理解 考试时间：40分钟 满分：100分 班级 姓名 学号 成绩 1、 阅读理解（阅读下列短文，短文后面有五个小题，从每小题所给的四个选项中，选出一个最佳选项。未选、错选或多选均不得分。共25小题，每小题4分, 满分100分。） Passage 1 Rain gardens are special shallow planted areas built in low‑lying city ground. Unlike common flower beds, they are designed to collect and process rain‑water runoff from nearby roads and building rooftops. They serve as one low‑cost nature‑based solution for modern city flood risk. When rain falls, extra surface water flows into rain gardens instead of rushing straight into underground drainage pipes. Native local plants grow inside these gardens. Soil and plant roots work together. They slow water flow, trap dirt and break down certain light pollutants carried by rain‑water. After processing, clean water slowly sinks deep into underground soil layers. Rain gardens bring multiple city benefits. They reduce sudden heavy‑rain pressure on city pipe networks. They also create small green living spaces for insects and birds in built‑up city blocks. However, rain gardens cannot be placed everywhere. Builders need to check local ground conditions. The site cannot sit right above underground water sources, to avoid polluting groundwater. People also need to choose proper local plant species which can stand both wet and dry periods. Many city planners have begun to include rain‑garden designs in new community construction projects. Rain gardens do not solve all urban water problems. But they combine green scenery with practical water‑processing functions and improve the quality of city public space. 1. What is the main design purpose of rain gardens? A. To produce large quantities of fresh drinking water. B. To collect and deal with city rain‑water runoff. C. To grow expensive rare flowers for city visitors. D. To replace all city public parks completely. 2. What helps rain gardens clean rain‑water? A. Man‑made chemical machines inside the garden. B. Soil and roots of local native plants. C. Fast‑running underground drainage pipes. D. Special imported stone decorations. 3. Which factor should builders consider before building a rain garden? A. Local ground and underground water conditions. B. How to grow huge fruit trees inside the area. C. How to make it as large as possible. D. Whether it can produce food for citizens. 4. What benefit can rain gardens bring to city blocks? A. They can stop all heavy‑rain weather. B. They offer small green habitats for birds and insects. C. They can supply enough tap water for nearby families. D. They can remove all kinds of serious industrial pollution. 5. What is the main idea of this passage? A. Different kinds of traditional city public parks. B. Functions, requirements and values of city rain gardens. C. Detailed steps for building large underground pipes. D. Reasons for serious flood disasters in big cities. 【导读】本篇是说明文，主题：城市雨水花园。介绍雨水花园的设计用途、工作原理、建设条件以及在城市建设当中的价值。 【答案】1.B 2.B 3.A 4.B 5.B 【解析】 1. B细节理解题，题干句意：雨水花园的主要设计用途是什么？ 原文第1段第1‑2行：Rain gardens are special shallow planted areas built in low‑lying city ground. Unlike common flower beds, they are designed to collect and process rain‑water runoff from nearby roads and building rooftops. 分析：雨水花园设计目的是收集、处理城市雨水径流。 A错误：文中没有说用来生产大量饮用水；B正确； C错误：不是为城市游客培育昂贵珍稀花卉；D错误：不能完全取代城市所有公园。 2. B细节理解题，题干句意：什么帮助雨水花园净化雨水？ 原文第2段第2‑3行：Native local plants grow inside these gardens. Soil and plant roots work together. They slow water flow, trap dirt and break down certain light pollutants carried by rain‑water. 分析：土壤与本土植物根系共同作用净化雨水。 A错误：花园内部没有人造化学机器；B正确； C错误：地下排水管道是雨水的下游去处，不负责净化；D错误：和进口石头装饰物无关。 3. A细节理解题，题干句意：建造雨水花园之前，建造者需要考虑哪一项因素？ 原文第3段第2‑4行：Builders need to check local ground conditions. The site cannot sit right above underground water sources, to avoid polluting groundwater. People also need to choose proper local plant species which can stand both wet and dry periods. 分析：建造者需要考察当地地质与地下水条件。 A正确；B错误：文中没有要求在园区种植大型果树； C错误：不以建造得尽可能大为要求；D错误：建造目的不是产出食物供给市民。 4. B细节理解题，题干句意：雨水花园可以给城市街区带来什么益处？ 原文第3段第1‑2行：They reduce sudden heavy‑rain pressure on city pipe networks. They also create small green living spaces for insects and birds in built‑up city blocks. 分析：雨水花园为鸟类、昆虫提供小型绿色栖息地。 A错误：无法阻止暴雨天气；B正确； C错误：不能为周边家庭提供自来水；D错误：不能清除各类严重工业污染。 5. B主旨大意题，题干句意：这篇短文的主旨是什么？ 分析：全文讲解城市雨水花园的功能、建设要求以及价值。 A错误：文章不是介绍传统城市公园种类；B正确； C错误：没有讲述修建地下管道详细步骤；D错误：不探讨大城市洪涝灾害成因。 Passage 2 Noise pollution has gradually become a common city trouble. Continuous loud noise from traffic, construction and public activities influences people’s rest, mood and physical health. Modern material scientists have developed various noise‑reducing materials to ease this problem. Noise‑reducing materials fall into two main groups. One group works by absorbing sound waves. Porous materials belong to this type. Inside these materials exist countless tiny holes. When sound waves go in, energy turns into small heat and sound becomes weaker. Such materials are widely used inside meeting halls, libraries and music‑performance rooms. The second group blocks sound from passing through. Thick heavy boards are typical examples. They stop most sound waves travelling from one side to the other. They are often used on walls beside busy city roads. People need to notice that no single material can solve all noise troubles. Absorbing‑type materials cannot block noise; blocking‑type materials cannot take in extra sound echo inside rooms. So engineers often combine two kinds in real projects. Noise‑reducing materials are not magic. They can lower noise levels but cannot make all noise disappear. Besides material choices, reasonable building layout also matters. For example, setting green belts between roads and living buildings can also cut noise influence. Material technology and layout planning work together to create quieter living surroundings for city residents. 6. What problem do noise‑reducing materials help deal with? A. Shortage of city fresh water resources. B. The shortage of city public green space. C. City noise pollution caused by traffic and activities. D. High cost of city building construction. 7. How do porous sound‑absorbing materials work? A. They reflect all sound waves back to outside. B. Tiny holes take in sound‑wave energy and turn it into heat. C. They produce soft new sound to cover loud noise. D. They change sound into light energy directly. 8. Where are sound‑absorbing porous materials widely used? A. Inside halls, libraries and music‑performance rooms. B. On the surface of city‑road asphalt. C. Under the ground of city squares. D. On the outer surface of household drinking cups. 9. Why do engineers often combine two types of noise‑reducing materials? A. One material is too expensive to use alone. B. The law requires people to use two materials together. C. Using two kinds can completely remove all noise. D. One single type cannot finish all noise‑processing needs. 10. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Two main types of noise‑reducing materials and their practical application. B. Different sources of serious water pollution in modern cities. C. How to completely remove all city environmental pollution. D. History of building high‑speed city traffic roads. 【导读】本篇是说明文，主题：降噪材料。分为两大类降噪材料，分别介绍工作原理、应用场景，同时说明材料局限性以及建筑布局辅助降噪的思路。 【答案】6.C 7.B 8.A 9.D 10.A 【解析】 6. C细节理解题，题干句意：降噪材料有助于解决什么问题？ 原文第1段第1‑2行：Noise pollution has gradually become a common city trouble. Continuous loud noise from traffic, construction and public activities influences people’s rest, mood and physical health. Modern material scientists have developed various noise‑reducing materials to ease this problem. 分析：降噪材料用来应对交通、公共活动带来的城市噪音污染。 A错误：和城市淡水资源短缺无关；B错误：不解决城市公共绿地不足； C正确；D错误：与城市建筑施工高成本无关。 7. B细节理解题，题干句意：多孔吸音材料是如何发挥作用的？ 原文第2段第2‑4行：Porous materials belong to this type. Inside these materials exist countless tiny holes. When sound waves go in, energy turns into small heat and sound becomes weaker. 分析：多孔吸音材料依靠无数小孔吸收声波能量，转化为热量削弱噪音。 A错误：不是把声波全部反射回去；B正确； C错误：不会产生新的柔和噪音掩盖噪声；D错误：不能直接将声音转化为光能。 8. A细节理解题，题干句意：多孔吸音材料被广泛使用在什么地方？ 原文第2段第4‑5行：Such materials are widely used inside meeting halls, libraries and music‑performance rooms. 分析：多孔吸音材料大量应用于会议厅、图书馆、音乐演出场馆内部。 A正确；B错误：不用在城市道路沥青表层； C错误：不铺设在城市广场地下；D错误：不用于水杯外表面。 9. D细节理解题，题干句意：为什么工程师在实际项目中经常把两类降噪材料结合使用？ 原文第3段第3‑5行：People need to notice that no single material can solve all noise troubles. Absorbing‑type materials cannot block noise; blocking‑type materials cannot take in extra sound echo inside rooms. So engineers often combine two kinds in real projects. 分析：单一材料无法处理全部降噪需求，因此工程师将两类材料结合使用。 A错误：原文没有提及某一类材料价格昂贵；B错误：不是法律强制要求； C错误：两类结合也不能彻底消除全部噪音；D正确。 10. A主旨大意题，题干句意：这篇文章的主旨是什么？ 分析：文章介绍两类降噪材料，工作原理和实际应用。 A正确；B错误：主题不是水污染来源； C错误：不讲解如何根除城市污染；D错误：没有讲述城市高速交通道路发展史。 Passage 3 Human beings have an inside natural time‑keeping system called the biological clock. It runs inside human bodies and responds mainly to light changes from the outside world. It controls our sleep‑wake circle, body temperature change, hormone release and many other regular body activities. It helps human bodies fit daily day‑night cycles on earth. Different people have slightly different biological‑clock rhythms. Some people naturally feel energetic early in the morning and get sleepy at nightfall. They are often called “early birds”. Some others become active late at night and find it hard to get up early in the morning; people call them “night owls”. These natural differences are partly decided by human genes. However, modern lifestyles greatly influence the operation of biological clocks. Unregular rest schedules can disturb the biological clock. Staying up late for digital screens, sleeping in for long hours on weekends, or long‑distance cross‑time‑zone travel will break its normal rhythm. When the biological clock gets disordered, people may suffer bad sleep quality, low daytime energy and easy bad mood. Long‑term clock disorder may also raise risks of certain physical health troubles. People can take simple steps to keep their biological clock in good condition. Keeping fixed sleeping and getting‑up time every day is the most important measure. Getting proper natural sunlight in daytime also helps. Reducing screen light before bedtime supports stable clock operation. Our biological clock is not unchangeable. With steady living habits, most people can adjust it into a healthy state. 11. What mainly influences the running of human biological clock from outside? A. Food people eat every day. B. Changes of outside light. C. Wind speed of the weather. D. Changes of air pressure. 12. What is true about “early birds” and “night owls”? A. Their rhythm differences are completely decided by living habits only. B. Their body‑time differences come partly from human genes. C. “Night owls” are always in bad physical condition. D. “Early birds” never need sleep in daytime. 13. Which of the following may disturb biological‑clock normal rhythm? A. Keeping the same sleep time every single day. B. Receiving proper natural sunlight in daytime. C. Long‑distance cross‑time‑zone travel. D. Reducing screen light before bedtime. 14. What result may long‑term biological‑clock disorder bring? A. It will make people never need any sleep. B. It may cause poor sleep and increase some health risks. C. It will completely change human gene structure. D. It makes people become “early birds” overnight. 15. What is the main idea of this text? A. The human biological clock: its function, influence factors and adjustment methods. B. Different kinds of sleeping medicines for people with sleep trouble. C. How to cure all serious genetic diseases of human bodies. D. Reasons why modern young people all become night owls. 【导读】本篇是说明文，主题：人体生物钟。讲解生物钟生理功能、个体差异、扰乱生物钟的诱因以及维持生物钟健康的可行方法。 【答案】11.B 12.B 13.C 14.B 15.A 【解析】 11. B细节理解题，题干句意：来自外界的什么因素主要影响人体生物钟的运行？ 原文第1段第1‑2行：Human beings have an inside natural time‑keeping system called the biological clock. It runs inside human bodies and responds mainly to light changes from the outside world. 分析：外界光线变化是影响人体生物钟的主要外部因素。 A错误：主要影响因素不是人吃的食物；B正确； C错误：和风速无关；D错误：不受气压变化主导。 12. B细节理解题，题干句意：关于“早起型”和“夜猫子”，哪一项说法是正确的？ 原文第2段第2‑5行：Some people naturally feel energetic early in the morning and get sleepy at nightfall. They are often called “early birds”. Some others become active late at night and find it hard to get up early in the morning; people call them “night owls”. These natural differences are partly decided by human genes. 分析：早起型、夜猫子的节律差异一部分由基因决定。 A错误：“完全由生活习惯决定”表述绝对；B正确； C错误：文章没有说夜猫子身体一定很差；D错误：没有说早起者白天永远不需要睡眠。 13. C细节理解题，题干句意：下面哪一项可能扰乱生物钟的正常节律？ 原文第3段第2‑3行：Unregular rest schedules can disturb the biological clock. Staying up late for digital screens, sleeping in for long hours on weekends, or long‑distance cross‑time‑zone travel will break its normal rhythm. 分析：跨时区长途旅行会扰乱生物钟正常节律。 A错误：每天固定睡觉时间有利于生物钟；B错误：白天接受适量日光对生物钟有益； C正确；D错误：睡前减少屏幕光线保护生物钟。 14. B细节理解题，题干句意：生物钟长期紊乱可能带来什么后果？ 原文第3段第3‑5行：When the biological clock gets disordered, people may suffer bad sleep quality, low daytime energy and easy bad mood. Long‑term clock disorder may also raise risks of certain physical health troubles. 分析：生物钟长期紊乱，会造成睡眠质量差，提升部分健康问题风险。 A错误：不会让人彻底不需要睡眠；B正确； C错误：不会彻底改变人类基因结构；D错误：不会一夜之间变成早起型。 15.A主旨大意题，题干句意：本文的主旨是什么？ 分析：本文介绍人体生物钟：功能、影响因素以及调节方式。 A正确；B错误：不是介绍各类安眠药； C错误：不讲解如何治愈全部基因疾病；D错误：没有分析现代人都成为夜猫子的原因。 Passage 4 Winter‑time light‑related customs exist across many parts of the world. In cold short‑day winter months, natural sunlight lasts for a short time. Ancient human groups created light‑centred traditions to celebrate the gradual return of longer daylight and wish for warmth and hope. In northern European areas, old winter light traditions connect with candle lighting. Families place multiple candles at home. Candles stand for light beating cold winter darkness. In modern times, public outdoor candle‑lit walking activities are held in some towns. Local residents walk along quiet streets with hand‑held candles and share warm drinks. In parts of North America, there is the tradition of decorating house outer surfaces with colourful light strings in winter holiday seasons. People hang large numbers of small lights on trees, door frames and building walls. Neighbours visit each other to appreciate these light decorations. Some communities organize light‑viewing walking routes for local citizens. In some Asian regions, lantern‑related winter customs have thousands of years of history. Hand‑made paper lanterns carry good‑wish meanings. People hang lanterns in public squares or at home gateways. Some activities include lantern‑riddle games for people of different ages. Though forms differ greatly among different cultures, these winter‑light customs share similar inner spirit. People use man‑made light to fight short dark winter days. They gather together, pass good wishes and look forward to the coming of warmer seasons. Such customs pass down from generation to generation and keep changing little by little with social development. 16. Why did ancient people create winter‑time light‑centred traditions? A. To compete for expensive festival prizes. B. To celebrate daylight getting longer and wish for hope and warmth. C. To produce large amounts of electric power for cities. D. To teach children how to make different kinds of candles. 17. What can we see in some modern northern‑European‑town winter activities? A. Public candle‑lit walking with hand‑held candles. B. Large‑scale firework shows every night. C. Selling huge candle‑making machines. D. International lantern‑making skill competitions. 18. What is the shared inner spirit of different winter‑light customs? A. To make as much electricity consumption as possible. B. To fight winter darkness and pass on people’s good wishes. C. To encourage people to stay at home alone in winter. D. To show off expensive home decorations to neighbours. 19. Which of the following is true about Asian winter lantern customs? A. They have existed for thousands of years. B. They only can be seen inside big museums. C. They require all lanterns to be made from metal materials. D. They cannot be enjoyed by children. 20. What is the main idea of this passage? A. History of electric‑light invention in modern society. B. Different winter‑time light‑related customs around the world. C. How to produce different festival candles in factories. D. Reasons why winter days become short on the earth. 【导读】本篇是说明文，主题：世界各地冬日灯光习俗。列举北欧、北美、亚洲不同地区冬日和灯光相关传统，解析不同习俗共通的精神内涵。题型：4道细节理解，1道主旨大意。 【答案】16.B 17.A 18.B 19.A 20.B 【解析】 16. B细节理解题，题干句意：古人为什么创立冬日以灯光为核心的传统习俗？ 原文第1段第2‑4行：In cold short‑day winter months, natural sunlight lasts for a short time. Ancient human groups created light‑centred traditions to celebrate the gradual return of longer daylight and wish for warmth and hope. 分析：古人创立冬日灯光传统，为庆祝白昼变长，期盼温暖与希望。 A错误：不是为争夺昂贵节日奖品；B正确； C错误：目的不是生产电力；D错误：不是教孩子制作蜡烛。 17. A细节理解题，题干句意：在现代北欧一些城镇的冬日活动中，我们可以看到什么？ 原文第2段第2‑4行：In modern times, public outdoor candle‑lit walking activities are held in some towns. Local residents walk along quiet streets with hand‑held candles and share warm drinks. 分析：现代北欧部分城镇会举办手持蜡烛户外漫步活动。 A正确；B错误：没有提及每晚大型烟花秀； C错误：不卖大型制烛机器；D错误：没有国际灯笼制作竞赛。 18. B细节理解题，题干句意：这些不同冬日灯光习俗共同的内在精神是什么？ 原文第5段第1‑2行：Though forms differ greatly among different cultures, these winter‑light customs share similar inner spirit. People use man‑made light to fight short dark winter days. They gather together, pass good wishes and look forward to the coming of warmer seasons. 分析：各类冬日灯光习俗共同内核：对抗冬日黑暗，传递美好祝愿。 A错误：不是尽可能消耗电能；B正确； C错误：不鼓励人们冬天独自居家；D错误：不是炫耀昂贵家居装饰。 19. A细节理解题，题干句意：关于亚洲冬日灯笼习俗，下面哪一项表述正确？ 原文第4段第1‑2行：In some Asian regions, lantern‑related winter customs have thousands of years of history. 分析：亚洲冬日灯笼习俗已经有数千年历史。 A正确；B错误：并非只能在博物馆看到； C错误：没有要求灯笼必须金属制作；D错误：儿童也可以参与。 20. B主旨大意题题干句意：这篇短文的主旨是什么？ 分析：文章介绍世界各地不同的冬日灯光相关习俗。 A错误：不介绍电灯发明历史；B正确； C错误：不讲工厂如何生产节日蜡烛；D错误：不解释地球上冬天白昼变短的原理。 Passage 5 Remote‑meeting technology has become widely used in modern business and public‑service work. Supported by network audio‑video tools, people in different locations can hold group meetings without travelling to the same physical room. This technology changes traditional office‑meeting patterns and brings both advantages and practical challenges. For organisations, remote‑meeting tools cut down travelling time and travelling expenses. Team members in different cities or even different countries can communicate conveniently. It also makes it easier for part‑time workers or field‑site staff to take part in group discussion. However, remote meetings are not completely free of limits. Stable high‑speed network connection becomes basic requirement. Bad network conditions will cause voice break‑up and picture delay and disturb whole discussion progress. Besides technical troubles, there are also human‑factor challenges. In remote‑meeting situations, some participants may get easily distracted by home‑side things. Without face‑to‑face atmosphere, some persons are unwilling to express real opinions. Group‑members may misunderstand each other’s meanings because of lack of body‑language information. Remote‑meeting cannot take the place of all face‑to‑face communication. For complex creative brainstorm or important personal‑emotion‑related talks, in‑person meetings still show obvious strengths. Many modern organisations choose mixed modes: use remote‑meeting for regular information‑sharing talks and arrange face‑to‑face meetings for key complex topics. Proper tool selection helps organisations improve overall communication efficiency. 21. What basic technical condition do remote meetings require? A. Very large expensive meeting‑hall buildings. B. Long‑distance air‑travel tickets for every member. C. Every participant must own expensive video cameras. D.Stable high‑speed network connection. 22. What is one advantage of remote‑meeting technology for organisations? A. It completely removes all human‑factor communication mistakes. B. It cuts down travelling time and related expenses. C. It makes every participant offer creative ideas automatically. D. It can solve all complex business problems without discussion. 23. Which belongs to human‑factor challenge for remote‑meeting? A. Participants may get distracted by home‑side surroundings. B. It costs more money than traditional in‑person meetings. C. Participants must travel to one same office building. D. It requires people to work 24 hours non‑stop. 24. What mode do many modern organisations choose at present? A. Give up remote‑meeting and hold all meetings face‑to‑face. B. Hold all meetings completely through remote‑meeting tools. C.Use mixed communication modes according to topic features. D. Stop all group‑meeting activities to save work time. 25. What is the main idea of this passage? A. Remote‑meeting technology: its advantages, challenges and practical usage modes. B. Detailed steps for building large modern office‑meeting halls. C. History of long‑distance business travelling development. D. Ways to solve all network‑connection problems in cities. 【导读】本篇是说明文，主题：远程会议技术。讲解远程会议优势、技术层面、人的因素带来的挑战，以及现代机构混合使用沟通模式的现状。 【答案】21.D 22.B 23.A 24.C 25.A 【解析】 21. D细节理解题，题干句意：远程会议需要什么基础技术条件？ 原文第2段第3‑4行：However, remote meetings are not completely free of limits. Stable high‑speed network connection becomes basic requirement. 分析：远程会议的基础技术条件是稳定高速网络。 A错误：不需要昂贵大型会议厅建筑；B错误：不需要全员长途机票； C错误：不要求每个人拥有昂贵摄像机；D正确。 22.B细节理解题，题干句意：对于机构而言，远程会议技术的一项优势是什么？ 原文第2段第1‑2行：For organisations, remote‑meeting tools cut down travelling time and travelling expenses. Team members in different cities or even different countries can communicate conveniently. 分析：对机构来说，远程会议节约出行时间与出行开销。 A错误：无法彻底消除沟通人为失误；B正确； C错误：不能自动产出创意想法；D错误：不会不经过讨论就解决全部业务难题。 23. A细节理解题，题干句意：哪一项属于远程会议中人为因素带来的挑战？ 原文第3段第1‑2行：Besides technical troubles, there are also human‑factor challenges. In remote‑meeting situations, some participants may get easily distracted by home‑side things. 分析：人为因素的挑战：参会者容易被居家环境干扰分心。 A正确；B错误：远程会议不会花费更多钱； C错误：不用前往同一办公楼；D错误：不要求24小时不间断工作。 24. C细节理解题，题干句意：目前很多现代机构会选择哪种模式？ 原文第4段第2‑3行：Many modern organisations choose mixed modes: use remote‑meeting for regular information‑sharing talks and arrange face‑to‑face meetings for key complex topics. 分析：很多现代机构根据话题特点，选择混合沟通模式。 A错误：没有放弃远程会议全部改用线下；B错误：不会所有会议全部线上； C正确；D错误：没有取消全部集体会议。 25. A主旨大意题题干句意：这篇文章的主旨是什么？ 分析：文章介绍远程会议技术：优势、挑战以及实际使用模式。 A正确；B错误：不讲解修建大型会议厅步骤； C错误：不介绍长途商务旅行发展史；D错误：不讲解如何根除城市网络故障。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $