知识清单01 选择性必修第一册Unit 1～Unit 2 单元词汇短语句型梳理（期中知识清单）高二英语上学期沪教版

知识清单01 选择性必修第一册Unit 1~Unit 2 单元词汇短语句型梳理 📚重点单词 名词(n.)crucial, property, extract, substance, circumstance, conclusion, academy, objective, passion, theory, patent, device, consequence, prospect, appliance, preference, instant, warning, security, innovation, absence, emphasis, career 动词(v.)commit, evaluate, obtain, acknowledge, defeat, analyse, insist, infer, encounter, found, sum, persuade, switch, secure, integrate, detect, oppose, advocate, resist, predict 形容词(adj.)vital, distinct, botanical, committed, extraordinary, gentle, numerous, distant, automatic, efficient, constant, critical, available, relevant, accurate 副词(adv.)apparently, gradually, potentially, nevertheless  📋重点短语 1. be vital/crucial to 对……至关重要 2. commit oneself to (doing) sth. 致力于；承诺做 3. be distinct from 与……截然不同 4. acknowledge doing sth. 承认做过某事 5. draw/reach a conclusion 得出结论 6. insist on doing sth. 坚决要求做某事 7. come to power (开始)掌权；上台 8. take up a position 担任；任职 9. sum up 总结；概括 10. wear and tear 磨损；损耗 11. switch on 打开（电器） 12. switch off 关掉（电器） 13. the instant (that) 一……就…… 14. in this sense 在这种意义上 15. keep in touch with 与……保持联系 16. early on 早期；在初期 17. catch fire 着火 18. be opposed to 反对 19. advocate doing sth. 倡导做某事 20. resist doing sth. 抵制做某事  📙必备句型 1. It is vital/crucial that…(should) do………是至关重要的（虚拟语气，should可省略） It is vital that we (should) stick to scientific research.对我们来说坚持科学研究至关重要。 解析：it作形式主语，that从句为真正主语，从句使用虚拟语气(should) do。 2. It is widely/universally acknowledged that…大家公认…… It is widely acknowledged that Tu Youyou is a great scientist.大家公认屠呦呦是一位伟大的科学家。 解析：acknowledge固定句型，that引导主语从句。 3. Upon/On doing sth. 一做某事就…… Upon arriving at the lab, he began to carry out the experiment.一到达实验室，他就开始做实验。 解析：upon/on后接名词/动名词，相当于时间状语从句as soon as…。 4. 主语 + be thought to do…被认为做…… The plant is thought to have special medical properties.这种植物被认为拥有特殊药性。 解析：被动+不定式结构，to have done表示动作已经完成。 5. It will be +时间段 + before…还要过多久才…… It will be several years before the new technology comes into use.还要好几年这项新技术才能投入使用。 解析：before引导时间状语从句，期中高频句型。 6. The instant (that) +从句 一……就…… The instant he heard the news, he rushed out of the room.他一听到消息就冲出房间。 解析：the instant作连词引导时间状语从句。 7. make it +adj.+for sb. to do sth. 使某人做某事成为…… Smart devices make it convenient for people to keep in touch.智能设备让人们保持联系变得方便。 解析：it作形式宾语，真正宾语为后面不定式。 8. as though/as if 仿佛；好像（可引导虚拟语气） He talks as though he knew everything.他说起话来好像什么都知道。 解析：与事实不符，从句用虚拟语气。  📕单元语法 Unit 1语法：过去完成时 Unit 2语法：将来进行时 ✍单元写作 写作1（Unit 1）：人物介绍类短文，介绍卓有成就的人物 写作2（Unit 2）：观点类短文，谈论科技对未来生活的影响（利弊） 知识点01 重点词类 1. crucial /ˈkruːʃl/ adj.______________________________ (be crucial to/for) 2. vital /ˈvaɪtl/ adj.______________________________(be vital to/for) 3. commit /kəˈmɪt/ vt.______________________________(commit oneself to doing；be committed to doing) 4. objective /əbˈdʒektɪv/ adj.______________________________ n.______________________________ 5. evaluate /ɪˈvæljueɪt/ vt.______________________________(evaluate sth. by…) 6. distinct /dɪˈstɪŋkt/ adj.______________________________ (be distinct from) 7. obtain /əbˈteɪn/ vt.______________________________ 8. acknowledge /əkˈnɒlɪdʒ/ vt.__________________________ (acknowledge doing；acknowledge sb. as/to be) 9. defeat /dɪˈfiːt/ vt.______________________________ n.______________________________ 10. analyse /ˈænəlaɪz/ vt.______________________________ 11. insist /ɪnˈsɪst/ v.______________________________；insist on doing；insist that…(should) do 12. circumstance /ˈsɜːkəmstɑːns/ n.______________________________（多用复数circumstances） 13. conclude /kənˈkluːd/ v.______________________________ 14. encounter /ɪnˈkaʊntə(r)/ vt.______________________________ n.______________________________ 15. extraordinary /ɪkˈstrɔːdnri/ adj.______________________________ 16. persuade /pəˈsweɪd/ vt.______________________________（persuade sb. to do / into doing） 17. switch /swɪtʃ/ v._________________________ n._________________ (switch on/off；switch from…to…) 18. secure /sɪˈkjʊə(r)/ adj.______________________________ vt.______________________________ 19. integrate /ˈɪntɪɡreɪt/ v.______________________________(integrate…into…) 20. instant /ˈɪnstənt/ adj.______________________________ n.______________________________ 知识点02 高频短语 1. ______________________________ 对……至关重要 2. ______________________________ 致力于；承诺做某事 3. ______________________________ 与……截然不同 4. ______________________________ 承认做过某事 5. ______________________________ 得出结论 6. ______________________________坚决要求做某事 7. ______________________________(开始)掌权；上台 8. ______________________________ 担任；任职 9. ______________________________ 总结；概括 10. ______________________________ （正常使用带来的）磨损，损耗 11. ______________________________ 打开（电器） 12. ______________________________关掉（电器） 13. ______________________________一……就…… 14. ______________________________ 在这种意义上 15. ______________________________ 与……保持联系 16. ______________________________ 在初期；早先 17. ______________________________ 着火（无被动语态） 18. ______________________________ 反对（to为介词，后接doing） 19. ______________________________ 倡导/主张做某事 20. ______________________________抵制；抗拒做某事 知识点03 重点句型 1. It is vital/crucial that…(should) do…（it形式主语，虚拟语气） ______________________________we (should) pay attention to scientific details. 翻译：我们应当重视科研细节，这一点至关重要。 2. It is widely acknowledged that… 大家公认…… ______________________________ hard work leads to great achievements. 翻译：大家公认努力造就伟大成就。 3. Upon / On + doing / n. 一做……就……（时间状语） ______________________________ the bad news, she couldn’t hold back her tears. 翻译：一听到这个坏消息，她忍不住流下眼泪。 4. 主语 + be thought to do / to have done 被认为…… This medicine ______________________________millions of lives. 翻译：这种药物被认为拯救了数百万人的生命。 5. It will be + 时间段 + before从句 还要过多久才…… ______________________________this new product comes into market. 翻译：还要两年这款新产品才会上市。 6. The instant (that) 从句 一……就…… ______________________________he sees his teacher, he will greet her politely. 翻译：他一见到老师就会礼貌问候。 7. make it + adj. + for sb. to do sth. it形式宾语 Modern technology ______________________________the unknown world. 翻译：现代科技让我们探索未知世界变得更加容易。 8. as though / as if 仿佛，好像（虚拟语气） He behaves______________________________he were the expert. 翻译：他表现得仿佛自己就是专家。 知识点04 重点语法 考点一 过去完成时（Past Perfect Tense） 1.基本句式结构 ✅肯定句：主语 + had + 过去分词(done) He had finished his report before the meeting. 在会议之前他就写完了报告。 ❌否定句：主语 + had not (hadn’t) + 过去分词 He hadn’t finished his report before the meeting. ❓一般疑问句：Had + 主语 + 过去分词…? Had he finished his report before the meeting? ✨要点：无论主语人称单复数，统一用had，无人称变化。 2.核心语义：过去的过去 时间轴：更早动作（had done）——→过去参照动作（did一般过去时）——→现在 句中必须存在一个过去时间/过去动作做参照物，某动作发生在这个参照之前，才用过去完成时。 例句：When I got to the station, the train had left. 我到达车站（got，过去参照）的时候，火车已经开走（leave发生在got之前，过去的过去）。 3.常见标志语境 1. by + 过去时间：by the end of last year / by 2023 By the end of last term, we had learned 2000 words. 2. before/when/by the time引导含有一般过去时的状语从句 By the time he arrived at the lab, all the other researchers had left. 3. 宾语从句：主句谓语为一般过去时，从句动作早于主句动作 She said that she had seen the film. 她说她看过这部电影。 4. 固定句型 hardly…when… / no sooner…than… 一……就……，主句用过去完成时 Hardly had we arrived when it began to rain. 我们刚到就下起雨了。 4.易混辨析：过去完成时 VS 一般过去时 一般过去时 did 单纯叙述过去发生一件事，不强调动作先后 只描述过去，不需要更早动作参照 He left. 他离开了。  过去完成时 had done 过去的过去；动作发生在另一个过去动作之前 必须有一个过去时间做参照 When I arrived, he had left.我到的时候，他已经走了。  ⚠避坑指南：没有另外一个过去动作作参照，不能随意使用过去完成时 ❌错误：He had lived in this town.（无参照） ✅正确：He lived in this town.（单纯陈述过去事实，一般过去时） 考点二 将来进行时（Future Continuous Tense） 1.基本句式结构 ✅肯定句：主语 + will be + 现在分词(doing) This time tomorrow, I will be flying to Chengdu. 明天这个时候，我将正飞往成都。 ❌否定句：主语 + will not(won’t) be + doing I won’t be sleeping at 9 tomorrow evening.明晚九点我不会在睡觉。 ❓一般疑问句：Will + 主语 + be doing…? Will you be attending the conference this time next week? 下周这个时候你会正在参会吗？ 2.两大核心用法 用法①：将来某特定时刻/时间段，动作正在进行（将来正在做） 时间标志：this time tomorrow；at 8 o’clock tomorrow evening；next week 等将来具体时间 At 9 tomorrow morning, we will be having an international science conference. 明天早上九点，我们将会正在参加一场国际科技会议。 用法②：表示已经安排、计划好的将来事件，客观预定，不含主观意愿 We will be visiting the science‑tech museum next month. 下个月我们将要参观科技馆。（已经安排好行程） 3.易混辨析：将来进行时 will be doing VS 一般将来时 will do will do 一般将来时 将要做某事 主观意愿、临时决定；单纯预言 I will buy some new equipment.我要买一些新设备（主观打算）  will be doing将来进行时 将会正在做；已安排好的将来 客观既定安排；将来某时正在发生 I will be testing the new device at 7 tomorrow.明天七点我会正在测试新设备。  4.补充：时间状语从句时态规则（主将从现） 主句将来进行时，时间/条件从句，仍然用一般现在时表将来。 When you arrive at the lab, I will be waiting for you.你到实验室的时候，我将会正在等你。（从句arrive用一般现在） 考点01 词类转换 （派生词）— 最高频 1. __________v. 承诺 → __________adj.尽心尽力的 → __________n.承诺；投入 2. __________v.评价 → __________n.评价；评估 3. __________adj.截然不同的 → __________n.差别；区分 4. __________v.承认；感谢 → __________n.承认；致谢 5. __________v.分析 → __________n.分析（复数analyses） 6. __________v.总结 → __________n.结论 7. __________adj.非凡的 → __________adv.非凡地 8. __________v.说服 → __________n.说服 → __________adj.有说服力的 9. __________adj.遥远的 → __________n.距离 10. __________adj.安全的 v.保护 → __________n.安全；保护措施 11. __________adj.自动的 → __________adv.自动地 12. __________v.合并 → __________adj.综合的 13. __________adj.效率高的 → __________n.效率 14. __________adj.立刻的 → __________adv.立刻 15. __________v.创新 → __________n.创新 16. __________v.反对 → __________n.反对 → __________adj.反对的 17. __________v.倡导 → __________n.倡导；拥护 18. __________v.抵抗 → __________n.抵抗 → __________adj.抵抗的 19. __________adj.准确的 → __________n.准确 20. __________adj.潜在的 → __________adv.潜在地 考点02 介词填空 — 必考 1. be vital/crucial __________对……至关重要 2. be committed __________(doing) sth.致力于（__________是介词，后接doing） 3. be distinct __________与……截然不同 4. insist __________doing sth.坚决要求做 5. commit oneself __________doing sth.致力于 6. be opposed __________doing sth.反对做某事 7. persuade sb __________doing sth.说服某人做某事 8. sum __________总结 9. switch __________/__________关闭/打开 10. keep __________touch with 和……保持联系 辨析01 acknowledge / admit 词/词语 用法 搭配 acknowledge 正式；承认事实、功绩；公开感谢 He acknowledged making a mistake. admit 普通用词；承认错误罪过 He admitted stealing the book. 辨析02 as / which引导非限制性定语从句 词/词语 用法 搭配 as 可置于句首、句中、句末；译为“正如” As we all know, science changes our life.  which 只能放在主句后面；指代整件事，译为“这一点” He passed the exam, which surprised everybody.  辨析03 persuade / advise 词/词语 用法 搭配 persuade 劝说成功，劝服 persuade sb to do / into doing  advise 只是“建议”，不一定成功 advise sb to do  题型 考查内容 示例 建议题量/难度 单词拼写 单词词义、词性变形；名词单复数、动词词形；单元核心名词、动词、形容词 根据汉语提示写出crucial，circumstance，acknowledge，persuade；注意名词复数、动词过去分词变形 10题 / ★ 单句语法填空 词类转换、固定介词搭配；过去完成时(had done)、将来进行时(will be doing)；虚拟语气、非谓语 By the time he arrived, the researchers ________(finish) the experiment.(had finished)；This time next week we ________(attend) the conference.(will be attending) 10 题 / ★ 完成句子 单元固定短语、重点句型；两大目标时态的句子输出 他致力于科研：He ________ ________ ________ scientific research.(is committed to) 8题 / ★★ 选词填空 方框选词+词形变形；时态、名词复数、非谓语变形；语境语义辨析 方框词：commit, evaluate, obtain, acknowledge, oppose；Many people ________ to the research project last year.(committed) 8 题 / ★★ 单项选择 词汇辨析、短语辨析；过去完成时vs一般过去时；将来进行时vs一般将来时；虚拟、固定句型 By the end of last year, the team ____ plenty of data.(had obtained)；—Can I call you at 8 tomorrow? —Sorry, I ____ my experiment then.(will be doing) 10 题 / ★★ 句型转换 句式改写；时态改写；简单句合并（by the time合并过去完成时；直接引语变间接引语改写将来进行时） He got there. All others had left.（用by the time合并）；“This time next month I will be doing research.” he said.（改为间接引语） 6题 / ★★ 短语翻译 单元重点短语中英互译；关注介词易错点 be committed to doing；be opposed to doing；draw a conclusion；sum up；upon doing sth. 8题 / ★ 词义配对 单词‑释义连线；单元高频动词、形容词匹配含义 match words: obtain‑get；acknowledge‑admit；persuade‑convince；advocate‑support 8 题 / ★ 短文语法填空 综合语篇，词汇、介词、连词；过去完成时、将来进行时语境判断；派生词变形 人物/科技主题短文，结合Unit1科学家人物、Unit2科技未来话题，10空，兼顾虚词和动词时态变形 1篇 1篇（10空） / ★★ 完形填空 语篇主题：杰出人物科研故事、科技发展；动词名词形容词辨析；时态语境、短语搭配 选项覆盖commit，acknowledge，persuade，circumstance；短语be opposed to，be committed to；兼顾时间逻辑判断过去完成时线索 1篇（15空）/ ★★★ 阅读理解 主题：杰出科学家、未来科技生活；细节理解、推理判断；识别文本中过去完成时、将来进行时表达含义 两篇阅读；侧重看懂动作先后逻辑、将来预定安排 2篇 / ★★ 书面表达 Unit1人物介绍短文；Unit2科技利弊观点短文；要求运用单元词汇、句型，恰当使用过去完成时、将来进行时 任务1：介绍一位成就卓越的科研人物；任务2：写短文谈论未来科技生活；词数80‑110词 1题 / ★★★ 题型 012 单词拼写(夯实双基，厚积薄发) 技巧 一句话要点 单词拼写 ——定词性→判变形→核对拼写 ①先判断空格词性（名/动/形/副）；②名词看单复数；动词重点看时态语态：过去完成时填过去分词；③注意长难单词拼写（circumstance、acknowledge）；④代入通读，语义通顺再确定答案。 单句语法填空 ——有提示考时态语态，无提示填虚词；抓时间标志判断语法 ①给出动词提示：找时间标志词；by+过去时间 / by the time+一般过去时 →优先过去完成时had done；this time next+将来时间 →优先将来进行时will be doing；②看到be committed / be opposed，牢记to是介词，后接doing；③无提示词填介词、连词；④虚拟语气It is vital that从句用(should)+动词原形。 完成句子 ——先标词性读语境，选词勿忘变形，做完核查剩余词 ①先定位中文对应的单元固定短语；②遇到时间线索，优先考虑过去完成时、将来进行时；③介词不能写错（to/of/from）；④写完检查主谓一致、时态是否匹配语境。 选词填空 ——每个单词只用一次；最后核对剩余词汇 ①先标注方框每个单词词性；通读全部句子把握语境；②选完单词必须做变形：时态（had done / will be doing）、名词复数、‑ed/‑ing形容词、非谓语；③每个词只用一次，做完回看剩余单词。 单项选择 ——抓时间线索判语法；翻译代入排除错误选项 ①时态题圈画时间标志：by+过去时间选过去完成；this time tomorrow选将来进行；②区分时态：过去完成时必须有另一个过去动作做参照，无参照不用had done；将来进行时侧重“将来某刻正在/已安排”，区别will do主观打算；③短语题把选项翻译代入，排除明显错误。 句型转换 ——宾变主改写被动不忘being；过去背景will改为would ①by the time合并句子：从句一般过去，主句用过去完成；②直接引语改间接引语：will be doing → would be doing；③时间状语从句，将来语境从句用一般现在，不能写will be doing。 短语翻译 ——固定搭配重点记介词，不要随意修改 ①重点记忆短语内部介词：be committed to doing，be opposed to doing；②upon/on后接动名词doing；③不按中文字面硬翻译，严格使用课本原短语。 词义配对 ——读懂含义一一对应，完成后复查校验 ①读懂左右两边单词与释义；重点匹配obtain、acknowledge、persuade、advocate；②全部完成之后整体复查一遍，防止交叉错配。 短文语法填空 ——先通读抓故事时间线，再逐空做题 ①通读全文，理清整体是过去叙事还是未来叙事；过去叙事找“过去的过去”填过去完成；②未来叙事看this time next…这类提示填将来进行时；③派生词注意词性转换；虚词看固定搭配。 完形填空 ——先通读抓主旨；动词重搭配，答案服从上下文逻辑 ①先完整读一遍，把握人物/科技主题，不要边读边做；②动词看搭配；名词看上下文复现；看到by the time、before等线索，留意过去完成时语境；③答案服从上下文逻辑，不要凭中文感觉做题。 阅读理解 ——细节题回原文定位找证据；推理切忌照搬原文 ①细节题：题干关键词回原文定位原句比对选项；②看到过去完成时，读懂“动作发生在另一个过去之前”；看到将来进行时读懂“将来预定/正在进行”；③推理题不能直接摘抄原文原句作为答案。 书面表达 ——分清写作格式；时态优先准确；优先保证句子正确率 ①人物介绍：描述在某个过去事件之前已经完成的成就，用过去完成时；②科技话题描述将来预定发生的事，选用将来进行时；③多用本单元句型It is widely acknowledged that…、upon doing…；④控制词数，少写复杂错句。 【题型一】单词拼写 根据汉语提示写出单词的正确形式 1. It is ________（至关重要的）for scientists to pay attention to small details. 2. He ________（致力于）himself to medical research all his life. 3. We need to ________（评估）the result of this experiment carefully. 4. It is widely ________（承认）that hard work brings achievements. 5. Under such difficult ________（环境）, he still kept on doing research. 6. We should draw a final ________（结论）after enough experiments. 7. I tried to ________（说服）him to give up that wrong idea. 8. Please ________（关掉）off all the switches before you leave the lab. 9. This new device can ________（自动地）control the temperature of the room. 10. Many people are ________（反对）to building factories near the lake. 【题型二】单句语法填空 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1. He was ________(commit) to finding a new treatment for the disease. 2. It is vital that we ________(take) action right now.（虚拟语气） 3. ________ is known to all, science and technology change our world.（非限制性定语从句） 4. Upon ________(hear) the good news, all the researchers jumped with joy. 5. This time next month, we ________(attend) an international science conference.（将来进行时） 6. He insisted that he ________(not make) that mistake.（陈述事实） 7. He insisted that we ________(start) our project as soon as possible.（虚拟） 8. The man succeeded, ________ made all his friends very excited.（非限制性定语从句） 9. The instant he ________(arrive), he will begin his speech. 10. Many people advocate ________(protect) our traditional culture. 【题型三】单项选择 1. It is vital that every student ____ good learning habits. A. forms B. form C. formed D. will form 2. ________ is mentioned above, the project has achieved great progress. A. Which B. What C. As D. That 3. This time next Friday, we ____ in the famous science museum. A. will visit B. will be visiting C. are visiting D. visited 4. He insisted that he ____ nothing wrong. A. did B. do C. does D. should do 5. He is fully committed ____ medical research. A. do B. to do C. to doing D. doing 6. The scientist succeeded in his research, ____ surprised the whole world. A. that B. which C. what D. it 7. I tried to ____ him to give up that plan, but he wouldn’t listen. A. advise B. persuade C. suggest D. make 8. It will be three years ____ the new smart home technology comes into wide use. A. since B. before C. when D. until 9. The instant the bell ____, all the students rushed out of the classroom. A. rings B. rang C. will ring D. is ringing 10. Many citizens are opposed ____ building a new factory near the river. A. build B. to build C. to building D. building 学科网（北京）股份有限公4 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 知识清单01 选择性必修第一册Unit 1~Unit 2 单元词汇短语句型梳理 📚重点单词 名词(n.)crucial, property, extract, substance, circumstance, conclusion, academy, objective, passion, theory, patent, device, consequence, prospect, appliance, preference, instant, warning, security, innovation, absence, emphasis, career 动词(v.)commit, evaluate, obtain, acknowledge, defeat, analyse, insist, infer, encounter, found, sum, persuade, switch, secure, integrate, detect, oppose, advocate, resist, predict 形容词(adj.)vital, distinct, botanical, committed, extraordinary, gentle, numerous, distant, automatic, efficient, constant, critical, available, relevant, accurate 副词(adv.)apparently, gradually, potentially, nevertheless  📋重点短语 1. be vital/crucial to 对……至关重要 2. commit oneself to (doing) sth. 致力于；承诺做 3. be distinct from 与……截然不同 4. acknowledge doing sth. 承认做过某事 5. draw/reach a conclusion 得出结论 6. insist on doing sth. 坚决要求做某事 7. come to power (开始)掌权；上台 8. take up a position 担任；任职 9. sum up 总结；概括 10. wear and tear 磨损；损耗 11. switch on 打开（电器） 12. switch off 关掉（电器） 13. the instant (that) 一……就…… 14. in this sense 在这种意义上 15. keep in touch with 与……保持联系 16. early on 早期；在初期 17. catch fire 着火 18. be opposed to 反对 19. advocate doing sth. 倡导做某事 20. resist doing sth. 抵制做某事  📙必备句型 1. It is vital/crucial that…(should) do………是至关重要的（虚拟语气，should可省略） It is vital that we (should) stick to scientific research.对我们来说坚持科学研究至关重要。 解析：it作形式主语，that从句为真正主语，从句使用虚拟语气(should) do。 2. It is widely/universally acknowledged that…大家公认…… It is widely acknowledged that Tu Youyou is a great scientist.大家公认屠呦呦是一位伟大的科学家。 解析：acknowledge固定句型，that引导主语从句。 3. Upon/On doing sth. 一做某事就…… Upon arriving at the lab, he began to carry out the experiment.一到达实验室，他就开始做实验。 解析：upon/on后接名词/动名词，相当于时间状语从句as soon as…。 4. 主语 + be thought to do…被认为做…… The plant is thought to have special medical properties.这种植物被认为拥有特殊药性。 解析：被动+不定式结构，to have done表示动作已经完成。 5. It will be +时间段 + before…还要过多久才…… It will be several years before the new technology comes into use.还要好几年这项新技术才能投入使用。 解析：before引导时间状语从句，期中高频句型。 6. The instant (that) +从句 一……就…… The instant he heard the news, he rushed out of the room.他一听到消息就冲出房间。 解析：the instant作连词引导时间状语从句。 7. make it +adj.+for sb. to do sth. 使某人做某事成为…… Smart devices make it convenient for people to keep in touch.智能设备让人们保持联系变得方便。 解析：it作形式宾语，真正宾语为后面不定式。 8. as though/as if 仿佛；好像（可引导虚拟语气） He talks as though he knew everything.他说起话来好像什么都知道。 解析：与事实不符，从句用虚拟语气。  📕单元语法 Unit 1语法：过去完成时 Unit 2语法：将来进行时 ✍单元写作 写作1（Unit 1）：人物介绍类短文，介绍卓有成就的人物 写作2（Unit 2）：观点类短文，谈论科技对未来生活的影响（利弊） 知识点01 重点词类 1. crucial /ˈkruːʃl/ adj.至关重要的；关键性的 (be crucial to/for) 2. vital /ˈvaɪtl/ adj.极其重要的；生死攸关的 (be vital to/for) 3. commit /kəˈmɪt/ vt.承诺；致力于；犯（罪、错）(commit oneself to doing；be committed to doing) 4. objective /əbˈdʒektɪv/ adj.客观的 n.目标；目的 5. evaluate /ɪˈvæljueɪt/ vt.评价；评估 (evaluate sth. by…) 6. distinct /dɪˈstɪŋkt/ adj.明显的；截然不同的 (be distinct from) 7. obtain /əbˈteɪn/ vt.(经努力)获得；得到 8. acknowledge /əkˈnɒlɪdʒ/ vt.承认；感谢 (acknowledge doing；acknowledge sb. as/to be) 9. defeat /dɪˈfiːt/ vt.击败；战胜 n.失败；挫败 10. analyse /ˈænəlaɪz/ vt.分析 11. insist /ɪnˈsɪst/ v.坚持；坚决要求；insist on doing；insist that…(should) do 12. circumstance /ˈsɜːkəmstɑːns/ n.条件；环境；状况（多用复数circumstances） 13. conclude /kənˈkluːd/ v.得出结论；结束 14. encounter /ɪnˈkaʊntə(r)/ vt.遭遇；邂逅 n.遭遇；冲突 15. extraordinary /ɪkˈstrɔːdnri/ adj.非凡的；杰出的 16. persuade /pəˈsweɪd/ vt.说服；劝说（persuade sb. to do / into doing） 17. switch /swɪtʃ/ v.转换；切换 n.开关 (switch on/off；switch from…to…) 18. secure /sɪˈkjʊə(r)/ adj.安全的；稳固的 vt.保护；获得 19. integrate /ˈɪntɪɡreɪt/ v.（使）合并；（使）成为一体(integrate…into…) 20. instant /ˈɪnstənt/ adj.立即的 n.瞬间；片刻 知识点02 高频短语 1. be vital/crucial to 对……至关重要 2. commit oneself to (doing) sth. 致力于；承诺做某事 3. be distinct from 与……截然不同 4. acknowledge doing sth. 承认做过某事 5. draw/reach/arrive at a conclusion 得出结论 6. insist on doing sth. 坚决要求做某事 7. come to power (开始)掌权；上台 8. take up a position 担任；任职 9. sum up 总结；概括 10. wear and tear （正常使用带来的）磨损，损耗 11. switch on 打开（电器） 12. switch off 关掉（电器） 13. the instant (that) 一……就…… 14. in this sense 在这种意义上 15. keep in touch with 与……保持联系 16. early on 在初期；早先 17. catch fire 着火（无被动语态） 18. be opposed to 反对（to为介词，后接doing） 19. advocate doing sth. 倡导/主张做某事 20. resist doing sth. 抵制；抗拒做某事 知识点03 重点句型 1. It is vital/crucial that…(should) do…（it形式主语，虚拟语气） It is crucial that we (should) pay attention to scientific details. 翻译：我们应当重视科研细节，这一点至关重要。 2. It is widely acknowledged that… 大家公认…… It is widely acknowledged that hard work leads to great achievements. 翻译：大家公认努力造就伟大成就。 3. Upon / On + doing / n. 一做……就……（时间状语） Upon hearing the bad news, she couldn’t hold back her tears. 翻译：一听到这个坏消息，她忍不住流下眼泪。 4. 主语 + be thought to do / to have done 被认为…… This medicine is thought to have saved millions of lives. 翻译：这种药物被认为拯救了数百万人的生命。 5. It will be + 时间段 + before从句 还要过多久才…… It will be two years before this new product comes into market. 翻译：还要两年这款新产品才会上市。 6. The instant (that) 从句 一……就…… The instant he sees his teacher, he will greet her politely. 翻译：他一见到老师就会礼貌问候。 7. make it + adj. + for sb. to do sth. it形式宾语 Modern technology makes it easier for us to explore the unknown world. 翻译：现代科技让我们探索未知世界变得更加容易。 8. as though / as if 仿佛，好像（虚拟语气） He behaves as though he were the expert. 翻译：他表现得仿佛自己就是专家。 知识点04 重点语法 考点一 过去完成时（Past Perfect Tense） 1.基本句式结构 ✅肯定句：主语 + had + 过去分词(done) He had finished his report before the meeting. 在会议之前他就写完了报告。 ❌否定句：主语 + had not (hadn’t) + 过去分词 He hadn’t finished his report before the meeting. ❓一般疑问句：Had + 主语 + 过去分词…? Had he finished his report before the meeting? ✨要点：无论主语人称单复数，统一用had，无人称变化。 2.核心语义：过去的过去 时间轴：更早动作（had done）——→过去参照动作（did一般过去时）——→现在 句中必须存在一个过去时间/过去动作做参照物，某动作发生在这个参照之前，才用过去完成时。 例句：When I got to the station, the train had left. 我到达车站（got，过去参照）的时候，火车已经开走（leave发生在got之前，过去的过去）。 3.常见标志语境 1. by + 过去时间：by the end of last year / by 2023 By the end of last term, we had learned 2000 words. 2. before/when/by the time引导含有一般过去时的状语从句 By the time he arrived at the lab, all the other researchers had left. 3. 宾语从句：主句谓语为一般过去时，从句动作早于主句动作 She said that she had seen the film. 她说她看过这部电影。 4. 固定句型 hardly…when… / no sooner…than… 一……就……，主句用过去完成时 Hardly had we arrived when it began to rain. 我们刚到就下起雨了。 4.易混辨析：过去完成时 VS 一般过去时 一般过去时 did 单纯叙述过去发生一件事，不强调动作先后 只描述过去，不需要更早动作参照 He left. 他离开了。  过去完成时 had done 过去的过去；动作发生在另一个过去动作之前 必须有一个过去时间做参照 When I arrived, he had left.我到的时候，他已经走了。  ⚠避坑指南：没有另外一个过去动作作参照，不能随意使用过去完成时 ❌错误：He had lived in this town.（无参照） ✅正确：He lived in this town.（单纯陈述过去事实，一般过去时） 考点二 将来进行时（Future Continuous Tense） 1.基本句式结构 ✅肯定句：主语 + will be + 现在分词(doing) This time tomorrow, I will be flying to Chengdu. 明天这个时候，我将正飞往成都。 ❌否定句：主语 + will not(won’t) be + doing I won’t be sleeping at 9 tomorrow evening.明晚九点我不会在睡觉。 ❓一般疑问句：Will + 主语 + be doing…? Will you be attending the conference this time next week? 下周这个时候你会正在参会吗？ 2.两大核心用法 用法①：将来某特定时刻/时间段，动作正在进行（将来正在做） 时间标志：this time tomorrow；at 8 o’clock tomorrow evening；next week 等将来具体时间 At 9 tomorrow morning, we will be having an international science conference. 明天早上九点，我们将会正在参加一场国际科技会议。 用法②：表示已经安排、计划好的将来事件，客观预定，不含主观意愿 We will be visiting the science‑tech museum next month. 下个月我们将要参观科技馆。（已经安排好行程） 3.易混辨析：将来进行时 will be doing VS 一般将来时 will do will do 一般将来时 将要做某事 主观意愿、临时决定；单纯预言 I will buy some new equipment.我要买一些新设备（主观打算）  will be doing将来进行时 将会正在做；已安排好的将来 客观既定安排；将来某时正在发生 I will be testing the new device at 7 tomorrow.明天七点我会正在测试新设备。  4.补充：时间状语从句时态规则（主将从现） 主句将来进行时，时间/条件从句，仍然用一般现在时表将来。 When you arrive at the lab, I will be waiting for you.你到实验室的时候，我将会正在等你。（从句arrive用一般现在） 考点01 词类转换 （派生词）— 最高频 1. commit v. 承诺 → committed adj.尽心尽力的 → commitment n.承诺；投入 2. evaluate v.评价 → evaluation n.评价；评估 3. distinct adj.截然不同的 → distinction n.差别；区分 4. acknowledge v.承认；感谢 → acknowledgement n.承认；致谢 5. analyse v.分析 → analysis n.分析（复数analyses） 6. conclude v.总结 → conclusion n.结论 7. extraordinary adj.非凡的 → extraordinarily adv.非凡地 8. persuade v.说服 → persuasion n.说服 → persuasive adj.有说服力的 9. distant adj.遥远的 → distance n.距离 10. secure adj.安全的 v.保护 → security n.安全；保护措施 11. automatic adj.自动的 → automatically adv.自动地 12. integrate v.合并 → integrated adj.综合的 13. efficient adj.效率高的 → efficiency n.效率 14. instant adj.立刻的 → instantly adv.立刻 15. innovate v.创新 → innovation n.创新 16. oppose v.反对 → opposition n.反对 → opposed adj.反对的 17. advocate v.倡导 → advocacy n.倡导；拥护 18. resist v.抵抗 → resistance n.抵抗 → resistant adj.抵抗的 19. accurate adj.准确的 → accuracy n.准确 20. potential adj.潜在的 → potentially adv.潜在地 考点02 介词填空 — 必考 1. be vital/crucial to 对……至关重要 2. be committed to (doing) sth.致力于（to是介词，后接doing） 3. be distinct from 与……截然不同 4. insist on doing sth.坚决要求做 5. commit oneself to doing sth.致力于 6. be opposed to doing sth.反对做某事 7. persuade sb into doing sth.说服某人做某事 8. sum up 总结 9. switch off/on 关闭/打开 10. keep in touch with 和……保持联系 辨析01 acknowledge / admit 词/词语 用法 搭配 acknowledge 正式；承认事实、功绩；公开感谢 He acknowledged making a mistake. admit 普通用词；承认错误罪过 He admitted stealing the book. 辨析02 as / which引导非限制性定语从句 词/词语 用法 搭配 as 可置于句首、句中、句末；译为“正如” As we all know, science changes our life.  which 只能放在主句后面；指代整件事，译为“这一点” He passed the exam, which surprised everybody.  辨析03 persuade / advise 词/词语 用法 搭配 persuade 劝说成功，劝服 persuade sb to do / into doing  advise 只是“建议”，不一定成功 advise sb to do  题型 考查内容 示例 建议题量/难度 单词拼写 单词词义、词性变形；名词单复数、动词词形；单元核心名词、动词、形容词 根据汉语提示写出crucial，circumstance，acknowledge，persuade；注意名词复数、动词过去分词变形 10题 / ★ 单句语法填空 词类转换、固定介词搭配；过去完成时(had done)、将来进行时(will be doing)；虚拟语气、非谓语 By the time he arrived, the researchers ________(finish) the experiment.(had finished)；This time next week we ________(attend) the conference.(will be attending) 10 题 / ★ 完成句子 单元固定短语、重点句型；两大目标时态的句子输出 他致力于科研：He ________ ________ ________ scientific research.(is committed to) 8题 / ★★ 选词填空 方框选词+词形变形；时态、名词复数、非谓语变形；语境语义辨析 方框词：commit, evaluate, obtain, acknowledge, oppose；Many people ________ to the research project last year.(committed) 8 题 / ★★ 单项选择 词汇辨析、短语辨析；过去完成时vs一般过去时；将来进行时vs一般将来时；虚拟、固定句型 By the end of last year, the team ____ plenty of data.(had obtained)；—Can I call you at 8 tomorrow? —Sorry, I ____ my experiment then.(will be doing) 10 题 / ★★ 句型转换 句式改写；时态改写；简单句合并（by the time合并过去完成时；直接引语变间接引语改写将来进行时） He got there. All others had left.（用by the time合并）；“This time next month I will be doing research.” he said.（改为间接引语） 6题 / ★★ 短语翻译 单元重点短语中英互译；关注介词易错点 be committed to doing；be opposed to doing；draw a conclusion；sum up；upon doing sth. 8题 / ★ 词义配对 单词‑释义连线；单元高频动词、形容词匹配含义 match words: obtain‑get；acknowledge‑admit；persuade‑convince；advocate‑support 8 题 / ★ 短文语法填空 综合语篇，词汇、介词、连词；过去完成时、将来进行时语境判断；派生词变形 人物/科技主题短文，结合Unit1科学家人物、Unit2科技未来话题，10空，兼顾虚词和动词时态变形 1篇 1篇（10空） / ★★ 完形填空 语篇主题：杰出人物科研故事、科技发展；动词名词形容词辨析；时态语境、短语搭配 选项覆盖commit，acknowledge，persuade，circumstance；短语be opposed to，be committed to；兼顾时间逻辑判断过去完成时线索 1篇（15空）/ ★★★ 阅读理解 主题：杰出科学家、未来科技生活；细节理解、推理判断；识别文本中过去完成时、将来进行时表达含义 两篇阅读；侧重看懂动作先后逻辑、将来预定安排 2篇 / ★★ 书面表达 Unit1人物介绍短文；Unit2科技利弊观点短文；要求运用单元词汇、句型，恰当使用过去完成时、将来进行时 任务1：介绍一位成就卓越的科研人物；任务2：写短文谈论未来科技生活；词数80‑110词 1题 / ★★★ 题型 012 单词拼写(夯实双基，厚积薄发) 技巧 一句话要点 单词拼写 ——定词性→判变形→核对拼写 ①先判断空格词性（名/动/形/副）；②名词看单复数；动词重点看时态语态：过去完成时填过去分词；③注意长难单词拼写（circumstance、acknowledge）；④代入通读，语义通顺再确定答案。 单句语法填空 ——有提示考时态语态，无提示填虚词；抓时间标志判断语法 ①给出动词提示：找时间标志词；by+过去时间 / by the time+一般过去时 →优先过去完成时had done；this time next+将来时间 →优先将来进行时will be doing；②看到be committed / be opposed，牢记to是介词，后接doing；③无提示词填介词、连词；④虚拟语气It is vital that从句用(should)+动词原形。 完成句子 ——先标词性读语境，选词勿忘变形，做完核查剩余词 ①先定位中文对应的单元固定短语；②遇到时间线索，优先考虑过去完成时、将来进行时；③介词不能写错（to/of/from）；④写完检查主谓一致、时态是否匹配语境。 选词填空 ——每个单词只用一次；最后核对剩余词汇 ①先标注方框每个单词词性；通读全部句子把握语境；②选完单词必须做变形：时态（had done / will be doing）、名词复数、‑ed/‑ing形容词、非谓语；③每个词只用一次，做完回看剩余单词。 单项选择 ——抓时间线索判语法；翻译代入排除错误选项 ①时态题圈画时间标志：by+过去时间选过去完成；this time tomorrow选将来进行；②区分时态：过去完成时必须有另一个过去动作做参照，无参照不用had done；将来进行时侧重“将来某刻正在/已安排”，区别will do主观打算；③短语题把选项翻译代入，排除明显错误。 句型转换 ——宾变主改写被动不忘being；过去背景will改为would ①by the time合并句子：从句一般过去，主句用过去完成；②直接引语改间接引语：will be doing → would be doing；③时间状语从句，将来语境从句用一般现在，不能写will be doing。 短语翻译 ——固定搭配重点记介词，不要随意修改 ①重点记忆短语内部介词：be committed to doing，be opposed to doing；②upon/on后接动名词doing；③不按中文字面硬翻译，严格使用课本原短语。 词义配对 ——读懂含义一一对应，完成后复查校验 ①读懂左右两边单词与释义；重点匹配obtain、acknowledge、persuade、advocate；②全部完成之后整体复查一遍，防止交叉错配。 短文语法填空 ——先通读抓故事时间线，再逐空做题 ①通读全文，理清整体是过去叙事还是未来叙事；过去叙事找“过去的过去”填过去完成；②未来叙事看this time next…这类提示填将来进行时；③派生词注意词性转换；虚词看固定搭配。 完形填空 ——先通读抓主旨；动词重搭配，答案服从上下文逻辑 ①先完整读一遍，把握人物/科技主题，不要边读边做；②动词看搭配；名词看上下文复现；看到by the time、before等线索，留意过去完成时语境；③答案服从上下文逻辑，不要凭中文感觉做题。 阅读理解 ——细节题回原文定位找证据；推理切忌照搬原文 ①细节题：题干关键词回原文定位原句比对选项；②看到过去完成时，读懂“动作发生在另一个过去之前”；看到将来进行时读懂“将来预定/正在进行”；③推理题不能直接摘抄原文原句作为答案。 书面表达 ——分清写作格式；时态优先准确；优先保证句子正确率 ①人物介绍：描述在某个过去事件之前已经完成的成就，用过去完成时；②科技话题描述将来预定发生的事，选用将来进行时；③多用本单元句型It is widely acknowledged that…、upon doing…；④控制词数，少写复杂错句。 【题型一】单词拼写 根据汉语提示写出单词的正确形式 1. It is ________（至关重要的）for scientists to pay attention to small details. 2. He ________（致力于）himself to medical research all his life. 3. We need to ________（评估）the result of this experiment carefully. 4. It is widely ________（承认）that hard work brings achievements. 5. Under such difficult ________（环境）, he still kept on doing research. 6. We should draw a final ________（结论）after enough experiments. 7. I tried to ________（说服）him to give up that wrong idea. 8. Please ________（关掉）off all the switches before you leave the lab. 9. This new device can ________（自动地）control the temperature of the room. 10. Many people are ________（反对）to building factories near the lake. 【答案】 1. crucial/vital 2. committed 3. evaluate 4. acknowledged 5. circumstances 6. conclusion 7. persuade 8. switch 9. automatically 10. opposed 【题型二】单句语法填空 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1. He was ________(commit) to finding a new treatment for the disease. 2. It is vital that we ________(take) action right now.（虚拟语气） 3. ________ is known to all, science and technology change our world.（非限制性定语从句） 4. Upon ________(hear) the good news, all the researchers jumped with joy. 5. This time next month, we ________(attend) an international science conference.（将来进行时） 6. He insisted that he ________(not make) that mistake.（陈述事实） 7. He insisted that we ________(start) our project as soon as possible.（虚拟） 8. The man succeeded, ________ made all his friends very excited.（非限制性定语从句） 9. The instant he ________(arrive), he will begin his speech. 10. Many people advocate ________(protect) our traditional culture. 【答案】 1. committed 2. (should) take 3. As 4. hearing 5. will be attending 6. didn’t make 7. (should) start 8. which 9. arrives 10. protecting 【题型三】单项选择 1. It is vital that every student ____ good learning habits. A. forms B. form C. formed D. will form 2. ________ is mentioned above, the project has achieved great progress. A. Which B. What C. As D. That 3. This time next Friday, we ____ in the famous science museum. A. will visit B. will be visiting C. are visiting D. visited 4. He insisted that he ____ nothing wrong. A. did B. do C. does D. should do 5. He is fully committed ____ medical research. A. do B. to do C. to doing D. doing 6. The scientist succeeded in his research, ____ surprised the whole world. A. that B. which C. what D. it 7. I tried to ____ him to give up that plan, but he wouldn’t listen. A. advise B. persuade C. suggest D. make 8. It will be three years ____ the new smart home technology comes into wide use. A. since B. before C. when D. until 9. The instant the bell ____, all the students rushed out of the classroom. A. rings B. rang C. will ring D. is ringing 10. Many citizens are opposed ____ building a new factory near the river. A. build B. to build C. to building D. building 【答案】 1.B 2.C 3.B 4.A 5.C 6.B 7.A 8.B 9.B 10.C 学科网（北京）股份有限公4 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $