选修2 Unit 6 Survival-【名师带你过关】2026-2027学年高考英语一轮复习（外研版）

Unit 6　Survival  一、词能自测·基础词 1.seaside adj.   2.predator n.  3.flourish v.  4.migratory adj.   5.supplement n.  6.eliminate v.  7.fierce adj.   8.nuclear adj.   9.hostile adj.   10.unmanned adj.  11.spacecraft n.  12.orbit v.  13.astronaut n.  14.capsule n.  [微语境·小测] 1.(2025·广东佛山一模)Our rats are contributing to a faster decline, which is what is needed if we are to 　　　　　　the disease.  2.Heavy snow and spring rains had turned the usually controllable waterfall into something 　　　　　　.   3.(25-26·广东汕头高三上期末)Companies fish for krill as they are used in products like health 　　　　and fish food.  4.Born in Taicang, Jiangsu province, Wu took part in the Manhattan Project which helped create the world􀆳s first 　　　　　　weapon.   5.This was the first time the PLAAF had published footage of manned and 　　　　　　aircraft teaming up, which quickly captured nationwide attention.  6.(2026·上海一模)Governments protect kids from 　　　　　　; they must now safeguard this fast⁃growing vulnerable group.  7.(2025·广东深圳一模)You can never be entirely sure what the future holds. Embrace this uncertainty and find ways to 　　　　　　within it.  二、词能自测·重点词 1. 　　　　　　n. 郊区,城郊   2. 　　　　　　adj. 城镇的,城市的   3. 　　　　　　v. 估计,估算   4. 　　　　　　adj. 至关重要的,关键性的   5. 　　　　　　v. 推断,推定   [微语境·小测] 1.(25-26·广东汕头高三上期末)Staying active is c　　　 for both physical and mental health.  2.Readers can i　　　 the author􀆳s critical attitude from the ironic descriptions in the novel.  3.And, by 2001, Experts E　　　 only about six bali mynahs were found in the wild, With thousands kept in captivity (圈养).  4.(2025·海南二模)Architecture Centre of Amsterdam is the centre for architecture, u　　　 design and landscape architecture.  三、词形跃迁·变形实战 1.greed n.贪婪;渴望→ 　　　　　　adj.贪婪的,贪心的;渴望的→ 　　　　　　adv.贪婪地,贪心地   2.crime n.罪,罪行→ 　　　　　　n.罪犯 adj.犯罪的   3.restrict v.限制,控制→ 　　　　　　n.限制;限定→ 　　　　　　adj.限制性的   4.commit v.犯(错误或罪行)→ 　　　　　　n.承诺;花费;献身;投入→ 　　　　　　adj.尽心尽力的;坚定的;坚信的   5.hike v.去远足→ 　　　　　　n.徒步旅行者,远足者   6.month n.月,月份→ 　　　　　　adj.每月一次的   7.consist v.组成→ 　　　　　　adj.一致的   8.optimistic adj.乐观的;乐观主义的 → 　　　　　　n.乐观主义  [微语境·小测] 1.(2025·广东一模) 　　　　　　(consist) training helps pets develop good habits, and regular interaction prevents loneliness and destructive behavior.   2.(2025·广东广州三模)Also, they were 7.66% more likely to sign a proposal supporting a law to restore voting rights to people with a 　　　　　　(crime) record.  3.(2025·广东佛山二模)Some venues will also have height 　　　　　　(restrict) so that audience sitting behind you can still see.  4.It can also help our relationships, making us feel more sympathetic and less 　　　　　(greed), more supported by and more likely to help others.  5.(2025·广东中山二模)A storm knocks the power out, or there􀆳s a short in the wiring, or the 　　　　　　(month) bill is unexpectedly high.  四、文词进阶·拓展词库 1.furious adj.   2.scatter vt.& vi.   3.plead vi.& vt.   4.embark on  5.clutch vi.& vt.   [微语境·小测] 1.(2025·广东佛山一模)At the tender age of 11, Malala 　　　　　　her advocacy for girls􀆳 education in her hometown, undeterred by the threats emanating from the Taliban, who vehemently opposed female education.  2.Tears welled up in her eyes as she 　　　　　　her throbbing ankle.  3.As precious minutes ticked away, the Arnshoffs rushed out, 　　　　　　for help to clear the lot.  4.The problem is that when you􀆳re 　　　　, it feels better to shout angrily than it does to take some centering deep breaths.   五、词组攻坚·语境搭链 1. 　　　　　　　　挡某人的路   2. 　　　　　　　　够不到   3. 　　　　　　　　总计   4. 　　　　　　　　分开   5. 　　　　　　　　适应;与……一致   [微语境·小测] 1.She had 　　　　　　with her husband the week before, was living in a flat by herself, and since she􀆳d found it too much to deal with, she􀆳d taken it out on other people.  2.It􀆳s really just an inborn (天生的) response, one that can be explained by our need to 　　　　　　or stand out from the crowd.  3.The team also hopes to add a guiding system or a way for the robot to avoid objects 　　　　　　.   4.The program is focused on the increasing cost of living which puts cultural experiences 　　　　for more and more people.  5.Her daily efforts, though small, will 　　　　　　significant progress over time.  Part Ⅰ　核心词汇 commit　v. 犯(错误或罪行);自杀;承诺,保证;忠于;全心全意投入(工作、活动等);花(钱或时间) (2025·广东深圳二模)DeepSeek has committed to addressing these issues by mid⁃2025, but its impact is already being felt worldwide. DeepSeek已承诺在2025年年中前解决这些问题,但其影响已波及全球。 (1)commit an error/a crime/suicide 做错事/犯罪/自杀 commit oneself to (doing) sth 专心致志于(做)某事;承诺/保证(做)某事 (2)commitment n. 投入,花费;承诺,许诺,保证;(对工作或某活动的)献身,奉献 make a commitment to sb/sth 对某人/某事作出承诺 (3)committed adj. 尽心尽力的;坚信的;坚定的 be committed to (doing) sth 全身心地投入(做)某事,致力于(做)某事 语法填空 ①The government 　　　　　　(commit) to improving public healthcare infrastructure over the past decade.  ②Her long⁃term 　　　　　　(commit) to wildlife conservation has earned her international recognition.  estimate　v. 估计,估算　(对数量、成本等的)估计;估价 (2025·广东广州一模)AI now “sees” through his body cam, recognizes tree species, estimates wood production, and sends real⁃time information to his phone. 如今,人工智能通过他的随身摄像头“观察”森林,识别树种、估算木材产量,并将实时信息发送到他的手机上。 (1)estimate … at … 估算/估计……为…… be estimate to be/have 估计有…… It is estimated that … 据估计…… (2)estimation n. (对水平、数量等的)估计;判断,评价 语法填空 ①Experts estimate the economic loss 　　　approximately two billion dollars due to the natural disaster.  ②The global population of the species is estimated 　　　　　　(have) declined by 40% in the past two decades.  optimistic　adj. 乐观的;乐观主义的;抱乐观看法的 However, even the most optimistic researchers provide a warning: “Innovative drugs will be effective only when they are used along with lifestyle changes.” 然而,就连最乐观的研究者也发出警告:“创新药物唯有与生活方式改变相结合,方能发挥疗效。” (1)be optimistic about … 对……乐观,对……持乐观的态度 be optimistic that 乐观地认为…… (2)optimism n. 乐观;乐观主义 (3)optimist n. 乐观的人;乐天派 (4)pessimistic adj. 悲观的 语法填空/补全句子 ①Investors remain optimistic 　　　　　　the long⁃term potential of renewable energy markets.  ②She 　　　　　　　　　　　　(持谨慎乐观态度) the new policy will address the core issues effectively.  restrict　v. 限制, 控制; 约束 By contrast, two⁃fifths of Americans claim to restrict their meat consumption either for ethical reasons or environmental ones. 相比之下,五分之二的美国人声称,出于伦理或环境原因,他们限制了自己的肉类摄入。 (1)restrict sb to (doing) sth 约束某人(做)某事 (2)restricted adj. 有限的, 受限制的; 受控制的, 受约束的 be restricted to 限制 (在某范围) (3)restriction n. 限制,约束 语法填空 ①Early access to the new software 　　　　(restrict) to registered beta testers.  ②The city has lifted travel 　　　　　　(restrict) previously imposed due to public health concerns.  react　v. (作出) 反应; 起 (化学) 反应; 回应 For a moment I held my breath, not sure how my son would react. 有那么一刻,我屏住了呼吸,不确定儿子会作何反应。 (1)react to 对……作出反应,起反应 react with 与……发生(化学)反应 react against 反对;反抗 (2)reaction n. (对某一情形或事件的) 反应 语法填空/补全句子 ①The market reacted swiftly 　　　　　　the unexpected announcement, with stock prices fluctuating dramatically.  ②   (公众对政策变化的反应) was overwhelmingly negative on social media. advanced　adj. 高级的;先进的 (2025·广东广州模拟预测)To fully understand and control this lantern􀆳s behavior, the team developed an advanced mathematical model to precisely program its shape, stability, and power. 为了充分理解并控制这盏灯笼的动态,团队开发了一个先进的数学模型,以精准编程其形状、稳定性和功率。 advance v. 前进;发展,进步;预支;提前;促进,推动n.前进;进步,进展;预付款;追求 make an advance/advances in 在某方面取得进步/发展 in advance (=ahead of time) 提前 in advance of 在……之前;比……进步 语法填空/补全句子 ①The conference will focus on the application of 　　　　　　(advance) artificial intelligence in sustainable development.  ②   (他们在仪式开始前就到达了现场) to ensure everything was perfectly arranged. consist　v. 由……组成 (2026·广东惠州二模)The tests consisted of both factual questions and conceptual⁃application questions, which were designed to assess their understanding of key concepts in the videos. 测试内容包含事实性问题与概念应用题,旨在评估他们对视频中核心概念的理解程度。 (1)consist of = be composed of = be made up of 由……构成,由……组成(表示整体由部分构成) (2)consist in 在于,存在于 (3)consist with 与……一致,与……相吻合 语法填空 ①True leadership consists 　　　　　　empowering others to achieve their full potential.   ②His actions did not consist 　　　　　　his earlier promises, which disappointed his supporters.   expose　v. 使暴露(于险境);揭露,使曝光;使接触,使体验 (2026·广东一模)For example, in jobs most exposed to AI, like software development, employment for workers aged 22⁃25 has fallen compared to older colleagues. 例如,在人工智能影响最显著的岗位中,如软件开发领域,22至25岁青年员工的就业率已低于年长同事。 (1)expose … to … 把暴露在……,使接触…… expose oneself to …… 接触……;使自己暴露于…… (2)exposed adj. 无遮蔽的; 无保护的 be exposed to 接触……; 暴露于…… (3)exposure n. 暴露 补全句子 ①   (经常接触外语的儿童) often develop better cognitive flexibility. ②By traveling alone to diverse cultures, she deliberately   (让自己接触新的视角与挑战). Part Ⅱ　核心句型 动词⁃ing的主动形式表示被动意义 The old bridge requires reinforcing before it can be reopened to heavy traffic. 这座旧桥需要加固,才能重新开放通行重型车辆。 　后跟动词⁃ing的主动形式表示被动意义的三种情况: (1)表示“需要”的动词如require,need,want,bear等。 (2)表示“值得”的形容词 deserve,worth。 (3)表示“超越,在……之外”的介词 past, beyond等。 补全句子 ① 　　　　　　　　　　　　(厨房地板需要擦洗) after the dinner party last night.   ② 　　　　　　　　　　　　(这个问题值得更彻底地调查) before drawing any conclusions.   that用作替代词 The climate of this region is more humid than that of my hometown. 这个地区的气候比我家乡的气候更潮湿。 　本句的“that”替代了前文的“climate”,避免重复。 　替代词that, those, it, one, ones的区别: (1)that表特指, 代替上文出现的同类的单数可数名词或不可数名词, 相当于 “the+单数名词”。 (2)those表特指,代替上文出现的复数名词,相当于“the+复数名词”。 (3)it表特指, 用来指代上文提到的同一个事物, 可替代单数可数名词或不可数名词。 (4)one表泛指,代替上文出现的同类的单数可数名词,相当于“a/an+单数可数名词”。代替复数名词时,使用ones。 中译英 ①在线课程的受欢迎程度如今已超过许多大学里的传统课堂授课。     ②芬兰的教育体系通常被认为比许多其他发达国家的教育体系更高效。     　　假定你是李华,你给学校Emergency Insights(应急管理洞察)栏目投稿,短文题目Learning from Pompeii: Prevention and Preparedness for Natural Disasters,内容包括: 1.简述庞贝古城因火山爆发而毁灭的历史事件; 2.描述自然灾害的常见类型和危害; 3.陈述预防自然灾害的措施和方法; 4.分享当自然灾害来临时的有效策略。 【完成句子】　 1.古罗马城市庞贝在公元79年维苏威火山的猛烈喷发中被彻底摧毁。(massive eruption)     2.这场悲剧犹如一声警钟,让我们深刻意识到防灾与备灾的重要性。(which引导非限制性定语从句)     3.为防范此类灾害,我们可以采取植树固土、筑坝防洪、执行严格的建筑标准等积极措施。(measure,standard)     4.此外,加强防灾意识教育并定期开展演练也至关重要。(vital)     5.当灾难来袭时,迅速疏散、获取应急物资以及保持有效沟通都极为关键。(when引导时间状语从句)     【组句成篇】　 用适当过渡词将以上句子组成100词左右的短文。 Learning from Pompeii: Prevention and Preparedness for Natural Disasters                         学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 6　Survival 一、 1.海滨的　2.掠食动物,捕食性动物　3.生长茂盛,兴盛 4.迁徙的　5.补充,增补,增加　6.消除,根除 7.恶劣的,极端的　8.核武器的　9.(生长环境)恶劣的 10.无人驾驶(操纵)的　11.航天器,宇宙飞船 12.环绕……运行　13.航天员,宇航员 14.(航天器的)密封舱,太空舱 ◉微语境·小测 1.eliminate　2.fierce　3.supplements　4.nuclear 5.unmanned　6.predators　7.flourish 二、 1.suburb　2.urban　3.estimate　4.crucial 　5.infer ◉微语境·小测 1.crucial　2.infer　3.estimated　4.urban 三、 1.greedy→greedily　2.criminal 3.restriction→restrictive　4.commitment→committed 5.hiker　6.monthly　7.consistent　8.optimism ◉微语境·小测 1.Consistent　2.criminal　3.restrictions　4.greedy　5.monthly 四、 1.猛烈的;狂怒的　2.撒;散开　3.恳求;认(罪) 4.开始;着手　5.猛地抓住;紧握 ◉微语境·小测 1.embarked on　2.clutched　3.pleading　4.furious 五、 1.in one’s way　2.out of reach　3.amount to 4.split up　5.fit in with ◉微语境·小测 1.split up　2.fit in with　3.in its way　4.out of reach 5.amount to 【词句锐解 靶心精练】 Part Ⅰ 1.①has been committed　②commitment 2.①at　②to have 3.①about ②is cautiously optimistic that 4.①is restricted　②restrictions 5.①to ②The public’s reaction to the policy change 6.①advanced ②They arrived at the venue in advance of the ceremony 7.①in　②with 8.①Children who are frequently exposed to foreign languages ②exposed herself to new perspectives and challenges Part Ⅱ 1.①The kitchen floor needs scrubbing ②This problem deserves investigating more thoroughly 2.①The popularity of online courses now exceeds that of traditional classroom lectures in many universities. ②The educational system in Finland is often considered more effective than that in many other developed nations. 【写作提质 素养靶向练】 【完成句子】 1.The ancient Roman city of Pompei was completely destroyed by the massive eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD. 2.This tragedy, which serves as a reminder, makes us realize the importance of disaster prevention and preparedness. 3.To prevent such disasters, we can take active measures like planting trees to hold soil, building dams to control floods, and conducting strict construction standards. 4.Furthermore, it is vital to raise education on disaster awareness and conduct regular drills. 5.When disasters strike, swift evacuation, access to emergency supplies, and effective communication are important. 【组句成篇】参考范文 Learning from Pompeii: Prevention and Preparedness for Natural Disasters When it comes to the ancient Roman city of Pompei, we can’t help but think of its thriving markets, grand buildings, and busy harbors. However, it was completely destroyed by the massive eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD. This tragedy, which serves as a reminder, makes us realize the importance of disaster prevention and preparedness. Natural disasters, such as earthquakes, floods, and typhoons, pose great threats to life and property. Consequently, to prevent such disasters, we can take active measures like planting trees to hold soil, building dams to control floods, and conducting strict construction standards. Furthermore, it is vital to raise education on disaster awareness and conduct regular drills. When disasters strike, swift evacuation, access to emergency supplies, and effective communication are important. Cooperation and unity can lead us through the darkest hours. Let’s learn from Pompei and be ready to face nature’s challenges. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $