专题01 动词不定式、定语从句、 V-ingV-ed形容词、 不定代词、被动语态（期中复习讲义）高一英语上学期北师大版

专题01动词不定式*定语从句*V-ingV-ed形容词*不定代词*被动语态 专题01-1 动词不定式----------------------------------------------------------------------------Page1---12 专题01-2 定语从句-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page12---24 专题01-3 V-ing和V-ed形式的形容词-----------------------------------------------------Page24---32 不定代词和被动语态------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page32---36 专题01-1动词不定式 01 期中考情透视 02 复习目标锚定 03 知识体系构建 04 核心考点精讲 考点清单一、不定式作主语典型用法 考点清单二、不定式作宾语两种典型用法 考点清单三、不定式作宾语补足语四种用法 考点清单四、不定式作定语两种典型用法 考点清单五、不定式作状语三种典型用法 考点清单六、不定式作表语典型用法 考点清单七、不定式三种典型省略 考点清单八，动词不定式形式多样化 05 限时分层演练 基础固本练 / 综合进阶练 本专题核心考点动词不定式，非谓语动词一种形式，基本形式为to do，在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语或宾语补足语。学习动词不定式难点在于：一是熟记一些动词搭配，需要与不定式连用，二是需要区分不定式和动名词的区别，三是动词不定式形式的复杂变化。命题上常结合语法填空、阅读理解长难句、完形填空语义搭配、写作句子结构等真实题型设置情境。整体以基础送分为主，需要进一步学习不定式作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语的用法。 识记 动词不定式的多样化形式 理解 不定式作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语的用法 应用 能用不定式升格英语应用文写作和读后续写 考点清单一、不定式作主语典型用法 要点精讲 ： 1.不定式作主语表示具体一次行为 (对比：动名词作主语表示泛指抽象行为) 。 2.不定式作主语三种情况：不定式直接作主语；It作形式主语；wh-to do短语作主语(谓语用单数)。 3.常考句型It is+ adj. +of / for sb to do sth 结构；It takes sb. time to do sth.等。 【 即时训练】 1.（2026 全国 Ⅰ 卷真题）It is also common for them ____________ (hold) during traditional Chinese holidays such as the Spring Festival. 2.（改编自 2023 全国甲卷）It takes generations of efforts ____________ (protect) our precious cultural heritage from disappearing. 3.（2021 全国甲卷・保留经典真题）It is possible ____________ (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers of the ancient city wall. 4.（改编 2025 北京卷）It is vital for teenagers ____________ (develop) a positive attitude towards daily challenges. 5.（改编 2024 九省联考）When and where ____________ (launch) the community project has not been announced yet. 考点清单二、不定式作宾语两种典型用法 要点精讲 1： 1.只接to do作宾语的动词:妙记--mecarfipsd霉咖啡不是的 manage, expect, choose, afford/ agree/ attempt, refuse, fail, intend, plan/pretend/promise, seem, decide/desire/determine 2.速记口诀：决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装；主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮 decide, determine, learn, hope, expect, refuse, manage, pretend, offer, promise, choose, plan, agree, aim, tend【即时训练】 1. They failed _____________(grasp) the importance of his words. 2. She never seemed __________(care) what the rest of us thought about her. 3. The houses are so expensive that he can't afford __________(buy) one. 4. Although he pretended __________(be) calm, his pale face gave him away. 5. (2019浙江) One study in America found that students' grades improved a little after the school introduced uniforms. But some students didn't want __________ (wear) the uniform. 要点精讲 2： 1.接to do/doing意义不同的动词：妙记--frogshmt青蛙聪明 2.forget, remember/regret, go on, stop, can’t help, mean, try。该考点非常重要，必须重视。 forget to do 忘记要去做某事（未做） forget doing 忘记已经做过某事（已做） remember to do 记得将要做某事（未做） remember doing 记得已经做过某事（已做） regret to do 遗憾去做某事（未做） regret doing 后悔做过某事（已做） go on to do 继续做另一件事 （对象变了） go on doing 继续做正在做的事 （对象不变） stop to do 停下来去做另一件事 （对象变了） stop doing 停止做某事 （对象不变） can’t help to do 不能帮助做某事 can’t help doing 情不自禁做某事 mean to do 打算做某事（未做） mean doing 意味着做某事 （解释作用） try to do 努力做某事（不一定成功） try doing 尝试做某事 （强调尝试和行动） 【即时训练】 1.（2024 全国甲卷真题）Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend ________ (catch) our attention because of their large size and variety学科网. 2.（2025 全国 Ⅰ 卷真题）“The exhibition brings together Go culture, cutting‑edge technology and contemporary art,” says Tu. “We hope ________ (present) the rather abstract Go game and AI in a visual context.”学科网 3.（2023 新高考 Ⅰ 卷真题）To eat one, you have to decide whether ________ (bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill, or to put the whole dumpling in your mouth. 4.（改编 2024 浙江 1 月卷）Many consumers plan ________ (shop) smartly and avoid unnecessary purchases during big sales. 5.（改编 2025 北京卷）He didn’t mean ________ (disturb) others when he entered the meeting room. 考点清单三、不定式作宾语补足语四种典型用法 要点精讲1： 1.观感使役类动词--see类(不定式作宾语补足语省略不定式符号to，但在被动语态中to应加上) 2.巧记--注意让迈克听听看看这块表有啥感觉 3.notice, let, make, hear, listen to, see, observe, watch, have, feel 【即时训练】 1.（2024 新高考 Ⅱ 卷真题）Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international visibility, said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed ________ (find) the connection between the two great writers广东省教育.... 2.（改编 2023 新高考 Ⅰ 卷）The thin wrappers of xiao long bao allow them ________ (lift) out of the steamer basket without breaking. 3.（改编 2025 全国 Ⅱ 卷）The ancient legend is reported ________ (pass) down for hundreds of years among local villagers. 4.（改编 2024 九省联考）All participants are required ________ (obey) the rules set for the competition. 5.（改编 2025 北京卷）The young man was observed ________ (enter) the research lab late at night. 要点精讲2： 1.warn类动词(只接to do后作宾补) 2.warn, tell, ask, persuade, expect等。 【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 6. Energy drinks are not allowed ____________(make) in Australia but are brought in from New Zealand. 7. Once his message was delivered, he allowed me________(stay)and watch. 8. They are required ______________ (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. 9. (2020浙江1月卷)The median (中位数的) age of an American in 1950 was 30—today it is 41 and is expected____________(increase) to 42 by 2050. 10. Passengers are permitted ___________(carry) only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane. 要点精讲3： 1.用于“with+名词+不定式”，表示一个主动的、将要发生的动作。 2.省略with后构成的“名词/代词+不定式” 构成独立主格结构。 【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 11. I send you 100 dollars today, the rest __________(follow) in a year. 12. With a lot of homework ___________(do), I decided not to watch the performance with you. 13. With a lot of difficult problems ___________(solve), the newly-elected president is having a hard time. 要点精讲4： 1.be said类动词：be said/believed/reported/known to do类句型， 2.该句型可以转化为It is said that…。 3.不定式根据语境还可能用进行式、被动式或完成式。 【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 14. Robert is said _____________(study) abroad, but I don't know what country he studied in. 15. Police are searching for a woman who is reported to _____________(miss) since the flood hit the area. 16. Alex is believed _______________(learn) by heart 2000 Chinese characters up to now. 考点清单四、不定式作定语典型用法 要点精讲1： 1.不定式作定语修饰名词，多表示一个主动的将要发生的动作。 2.不定式与名词之间是主谓关系或动宾关系。 3.若不定式是不及物动词，后边应加上适当的介词。 要点精讲2： 1.序数词first， second后常接动词不定式作定语。 2.形容词最高级后常接动词不定式作定语。 3. decision, wish, chance, promise, plan, time, attempt, effort, right, ability, patience 等抽象名词后常用不定式作定语，说明名词的内容。 要点精讲3： 1.现在分词作定语，表示一个主动的、正在进行的动作。 2.过去分词短语作定语，表示一个被动的、已经发生的动作。 【即时训练】 1.（2025 全国 Ⅱ 卷真题）Growing up, my family never used clotheslines, denying me the chance ________ (discover) the sweet “sunshine scent” of sun‑dried clothes学科网. 2.（2025 浙江 1 月首考真题）Tanya’s shop offers fashion clothes for women ________ (rent) rather than purchase them outright21世纪教.... 3.（改编 2023 全国甲卷）Fables are a powerful tool ________ (teach) moral lessons and pass on ancient wisdom. 4.（改编 2024 新高考 Ⅰ 卷）There is still a great deal of work ________ (complete) before the solar‑powered greenhouse opens to visitors. 5.（改编 2025 北京卷）She is always the first student ________ (volunteer) for community‑service activities. 考点清单五、不定式作状语三种典型用法 要点精讲1： 1.不定式作目的状语，多用于to do, so as to do, in order to do结构。 2.注意逻辑主语一致性，位于句末前边不能有逗号。 要点精讲2： 1.不定式作结果状语，多用于too…to, enough to do, only/never to do, so…as to, such as to等结构。 2.该结构关联性很强，注意抓住关键词作答。 要点精讲3： 1.不定式用于be+ adj+to do构成的反射不定式； 2.该结构不定式主动形式表示被动意义。 【即时训练】 1.（2024 新高考 Ⅰ 卷真题）The design features ten steel “sepals”. These sepals open on warm days ________ (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. 2.（2023 全国甲卷真题）For thousands of years, people have told fables ________ (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom广东省教育.... 3.（改编 2024 全国乙卷）He hurried to the exhibition hall, only ________ (tell) that all the tickets had been sold out. 4.（改编 2025 全国 Ⅰ 卷）The new material is light but strong and easy ________ (process) under normal temperatures. 5.（改编 2023 新高考 Ⅱ 卷）He climbed up onto the balcony ________ (see) the children playing in the yard below. 考点清单六、不定式作表语典型用法 要点精讲： 不定式作表语起解释说明作用。主语有实义动词do,作表语的不定式可省to。 If you are wrong, the least thing you can do is (to) apologize. 如果你做错了，你可以做的至少是道歉。 The only thing that he can do now is (to) abandon the plan. 现在他唯一能做的事情是放弃这个计划。 【即时训练】 1.（改编 2024 全国甲卷）The main goal of national parks is ________ (protect) native wildlife and natural landscapes. 2.（改编 2025 北京卷）My ambition after graduation is ________ (contribute) to environmental‑protection projects. 3.（改编 2023 全国乙卷）All you need to do is ________ (keep) an open‑mind when facing different cultural traditions. 4.（改编 2024 浙江 1 月卷）One practical solution is ________ (reduce) unnecessary consumption in daily life. 5.（改编 2025 全国 Ⅰ 卷）The function of this exhibition is ________ (build) bridges between Go culture and modern‑day art. 考点清单七、不定式的三种典型省略用法 要点精讲 1： 1.感官动词和使役动词接不定式作宾补时省略to（注意被动语态中to应加上）； 2.巧记--注意让迈克听听看看这块表有啥感觉 notice, let, make, hear, listen to, see, observe, watch, have, feel 要点精讲2：下列句型常省略to： may as well do sth 最好还是做…… had better do 最好做某事 do nothing but do sth 别无选择只好做某事 can’t help but do sth. 禁不住做某事 Why not do sth? 何不做某事？ prefer to do…rather than do sth, 宁愿做……而不愿做…… would rather do…than do… 宁愿做……而不愿做…… 要点精讲3： 1.在一定的上下文中，为了避免重复，有时不定式可以省略，但通常保留不定式符号to。 2.注意，不定式后面是动词be时，be应保留。 ⚠️对比：`have no choice but to do`，句中无实义 do，不能省 to 3. 避免重复：上下文重复，保留 to，省略后面动词；若原动词是 be，则`to be`完整保留。 考点清单八、动词不定式的复杂形式 不定式的否定式、完成式和被动式 （以动词find为例） 内容 主动语态 被动语态 否定式 一般式 to find to be found not to find 进行式 to be finding --- --- 完成式 to have found to have been found not to have found 【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. The boy pretended _____________(read) the book when the teacher came in. 2. The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle ___________(hear). 3. He got up early this morning so as _____________(catch)the early train. 4. The engine just won't start. Something seems __________(go) wrong with it. 5. I happened ______________(wait) for the bus when the accident happened.  6. His works are reported to____________________(translate) into 20 languages in the past decade. 7. The manager is believed ______________ (arrive) back from Paris where he met some European business partners. 8. The resolution encouraged this arrangement ____________(take) into account when future calendars of conferences and meetings are drafted. 9. I don’t know whether you happen ______________ (hear), but I’m going to study in the U.S. this September. 10. When asked why he went there, he said he was sent there ____________ (train) for a space flight. 基础固本练（限时：25分钟） 分层训练（一）高考真题通关 考点一：考查动词不定式短语作目的状语 1. （2025新课标II卷）…denying me the chance ________(discover) one of the great wonders of sunshine… 2.（2024新课标I卷）The design features ten steel “sepals (萼片)” made of glass and aluminium (铝). These sepals open on warm days 58 (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. 3.（2024九省联考卷）He knows that computers are here (stay) and that they will not disappear. 4.（2024浙江1月卷）The shelves in most supermarkets are full of family-size this and multi-buy that. However, if you’re shopping for one, buying extra (benefit) from price reductions doesn’t make sense. 5.（2023全国甲卷）For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言) __________ (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom. 6.（2022新课标I卷）The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that were previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority __________ (increase) effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management. 7.（2024 新高考 Ⅰ 卷）These sepals open on warm days ________(give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. 8.（2024 全国甲卷）…the national parks, in particular, tend ________(catch) our attention… 9. （2023 新高考 Ⅰ 卷）…you have to decide whether ________(bite) a small hole in it first… 10.（2024 新高考 Ⅱ 卷）…visitors …were often amazed ________(find) the connection between the two great writers. 考点二：考查动词不定式短语作定语 12.（2024北京卷）Slowing down can contribute significantly to personal growth. Taking the time ___11___ (rest) allows us to develop a deeper sense of self-awareness. 13.（2022全国甲卷）A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an, as a first step __________ (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot. 14.（2022北京卷）As Helen walked on, she heard a man charging towards her. Fearful that he might have an intention __________ (harm) her, Helen started to run. 15.（2021北京卷）Much of this increase can be due to climate change. The findings show a critical need (invest) in disaster prevention. 16.(2020·浙江卷) Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology __________ (change)lives. 17. (2019·全国II卷)Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene declared she had no plans __________(retire) from her 36-year-old business. 考点三：考查动词不定式短语作主语 18.（2021全国甲卷）It is possible __________ (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers. 19.（2020北京卷）It takes them hundreds of years __________ (break) down. Many of these bags end up in the ocean where larger ones can trap sea creatures, such as turtles and dolphins. 考点四：考查动词不定式短语作宾语 20.（2024全国甲卷）Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend 61 (catch) our attention because of their large size and variety. 21.（2023新课标I卷）To eat one, you have to decide whether (bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出), or to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue. 22.（2023新课标I卷）Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them ___________ (lift) out of the steamer basket without allowing them tearing or spilling any of their contents. 23.（2022新课标II卷）He saved my son’s life," said Mrs. Brown. "I don't know __________to thank him.” 24.（2022浙江1月卷）That approach brought Cobb's air travel last year down by 75%, and she plans __________ (continue) the practice. 25.（2021全国乙卷）Komodo National Park, officially recognized in 1980, is popular for ecotourism because of its unique biodiversity. Activities there range from whale watching to hiking (远足) and accommodations aim __________ (have) a low impact on the natural environment. 考点五：考查动词不定式短语作宾语补足语 26.（2024新课标II卷）Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international visibility, said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed ___63___ (find) the connection between the two great writers. 27.（2022浙江卷）Through touch, the one thing gallery signs tell you not __________ (do). 28.（2020浙江1月卷）Something significant is happening to the world population-it is aging. The median(中位数的)age of an American in 1950 was 30; today it is 41 and is expected __________ (increase)to 42 by 2050. 考点六：考查动词不定式主动形式被动意义 29.（2020全国II卷）Bamboo plants are associated with health, abundance and a happy home. They are easy__________ (care) for and make great presents. 分层训练（二）动词不定式易混对比十组 Group 1 1. “Keep silent!” the monitor told the boys to stop_________ (talk). 2. The girl walked so tiredly that she stopped_________ (have) a rest. Group 2 3. Mr Li is said _________ (study) abroad. But I don't know which country he studied in. 4. Mr Li is said _________ (study) abroad. But I don't know which country he is studying in. Group 3 5. The little girl had no choice but _______(stay) at home. 6. The little girl could do nothing but ______ (stay) at home. Group 4 7. After a rest, we went on _______the same problem. 8. After a rest, we went on_______(do)the next problem. Group 5 9. The little boy would like _____(take) her to the cinema. 10. The little boy would like ______(take) to the cinema. Group 6 11. This is an important letter. Don't forget _________(post) it this afternoon. 12. Don't look for the letter. You must have forgotten _________(post) it this after afternoon. Group 7 13. Why not try_________ (do) the maths problem in another way? 14. When I was at school, I tried_________ (learn) English well. Group 8 15. He rushed to the railway station, only___________ (tell) that the train had left. 16. He rushed to the railway station, only___________(find) that the train had left. Group 9 17. I regret_________ (not study) hard at school. 18. We regret_________ (say) that we can’t go to your birthday party. Group 10 19. I prefer_________ (walk) to_________ (ride) in a bus. 20. I prefer_________ (walk )rather than____(ride) in a bus. 分类通关（三）动词不定式助力应用文写作 书面表达句式升级：请运用动词不定式翻译下列各句。 1. (2024浙江1月)下次上课时如果你觉得有点累，记得站起来伸展身体！ ________________________________________________________________________________ 2. (2023全国乙) 学会编制帮助我提高创造性和解决问题的技巧。 ________________________________________________________________________________ 3. (2023新高考I) 因此我想知道有没有可能允许我们随意选择搭档。 ________________________________________________________________________________ 4. (2022全国乙)因为缺乏自律，他们更容易对网上聊天或打游戏上瘾。 ________________________________________________________________________________ 5.(2022全国乙) 目前，随着智能手机和电脑日益普及，越来越多学生正选择在教室之外以各种方式学英语。 ________________________________________________________________________________ 分类通关（四）动词不定式助力读后续写 1. (2024浙江1月)不知不觉，她找到了去图书馆或自助餐厅的路，没有迷路。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. (2024浙江1月)她刚一回到迷乱的迷宫，就开始探索一楼。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. (2024浙江1月)从那时起，伊娃不再被这座建筑的大小所压倒，而是将其视为一项需要克服的挑战。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. (2023新高考I)直到我参加了颁奖典礼并拿到了证书，我还是觉得很难相信。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. (2023新高考I)我紧紧地拥抱着他，无法表达他对我的信任有多重要。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 6. (2023新高考I)老师是我人生旅程中的希望灯塔，激励我把“不可能”变成“可能”。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 7. (2023浙江1月)我花了一下午的时间探索农场，和朋友们聊天，希望能一睹这只小鸟的风采。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 8. (2023浙江1月)我正要离开时，蜂鸟出现了。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 9. (2022新高考I)言语无法表达我的感受。我只是用一个大大的拥抱向他表示祝贺。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 10. (2022新高考I)在我的鼓励下，大卫下定决心参加这次大型越野跑。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 综合进阶练（限时：15分钟） 一、语法填空 （注意分析空格处所充当的句子成分） (2026·甘肃庆阳高三上期中)The Double Ninth Festival，also known as Chongyang Festival，falls on the ninth day of the ninth month on the traditional Chinese calendar and is a traditional occasion in China to honor and show respect for 1.　________　 elderly.This year，the festival falls on October 29.On Saturday，Beijing’s Chaoyang District launched its “Respect for the Elderly Month”­themed event，aimed 2.　________　 promoting the virtues of filial piety and fostering an elderly­friendly society.The event featured a 3.　________　 (vary) of programs with cutting­edge technology.During the event，certificates 4.　________　 (award) to the “Filial Stars” and outstanding caregivers of Chaoyang District.Flags were also presented to six volunteer service teams under the district’s “Silver Age Action” program.One of the highlights of the event was the 5.　________　 (office) launch of Beijing’s first “Age­Friendly Smart Experience Center”，now open to the public.6.　________　 (serve) as Chaoyang District’s model home for aging adaptation，the center brings together innovative achievements of over 20 technology companies.It 7.　________　 (integrate) immersive concentrated display experiences，technology innovation releases，and industry connections with home aging adaptation and elderly care solutions.Through live interactions and offline salons，the center aims to build a smart elderly care service system. The event also featured a song­and­dance performance 8.　________　 blended tradition and technology.In the song­and­dance piece “When the Moonlight”，a Yushu robot performed with graceful agility，moving 9.　________　 (harmony) with elderly dancers，making it the most innovative program of the event.In the exhibition hall，various elderly service organizations offered demonstrations，allowing the elderly to understand and experience the new services firsthand.Multiple digital platforms have opened new windows for lifelong learning for the elderly.Several cultural technology companies introduced smart apps designed 10.　________　 (enrich) the spiritual and cultural lives of seniors. 专题01-2 定语从句 01 期中考情透视 02 复习目标锚定 03 知识体系构建 04 核心考点精讲 考点清单一、关系代词 that 和 which 典型用法归纳 考点清单二、关系代词 whose, who, whom 典型用法归纳 考点清单三、关系副词 where 典型用法归纳 考点清单四、关系副词 when 典型用法归纳 考点清单五、关系副词 why 典型用法归纳 考点清单六、区分先行词作状语还是宾语 考点清单七、关系代词 as 典型用法归纳 考点清单八、定语从句 “介词 + 关系代词” 用法归纳 考点清单九、定语从句中的主谓一致用法归纳 考点清单十、分割型定语从句及强调句型、名词性从句变式考查 05 限时分层演练 基础固本练 / 综合进阶练 本专题核心考点定语的定义、三要素、分类（限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句），关系代词和关系副词的用法。命题上常结合语法填空、阅读理解长难句、完形填空语义搭配、写作句子结构等真实题型设置情境。整体以基础送分为主，需要进一步学习as的用法、“介词 + 关系代词” 用法、定语从句中的主谓一致用法、区分which与that 引导的定语从句，是拉开分差的关键点。 。 识记 准确理解定语从句的概念，先行词和关系词，限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。 理解 精准辨析易混成分：as的用法、“介词 + 关系代词” 用法、定语从句中的主谓一致用法、区分which与that 引导的定语从句。 应用 能在语法填空中判断定语从句的结构；能拆分阅读理解长难句主干；能写出结构正确且逻辑通顺的定语从句升格英语写作表达。 定语从句关系词 非限制性定语从句 考点一 关系代词 that 和 which 典型用法归纳 要点精讲 1：只用 that，不用 which 的 6 种场景 只用 that 的场景： 1. 先行词既有人又有物 eg.The horse and its rider that you told me are admired by us all. 2. 先行词被序数词修饰 eg.This is the first film that I have seen since I moved here. 3. 先行词被最高级修饰 eg.The TV tower is the highest building that has been built in this city. 4. 先行词为 all, nothing, anything, much, little 等不定代词 eg.All that glitters is not gold. 5. 先行词被 only/very/all/little 修饰 eg.This is the very pen that I am looking for. 6.主句以 who /which 开头的疑问句 | *Which book is the one that you recommended? 【 即时训练】 1. 【改编 2024 新课标 Ⅰ 卷】The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design…along the Silk Route ____ brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to define much of the richness of gardening in England. 2. This is the most touching story ____ I have ever read. 3. All ____ you have done will leave a mark on your growth. 4. Is there anything ____ we can do to reduce waste in daily life? 5. Which is the novel ____ interests you most among these works? 要点精讲 2：只用 which，不用 that 的 2 种场景 只用 which ： 1.非限制性定语从句（逗号隔开） | *Jim passed the driving test, which surprised everybody in the office. 2.介词 + 关系代词结构 | *Is this the room in which Mr. White lives? 【即时训练】 1.【2024 全国甲卷】Yellowstone was the largest United States national park —2.2 million acres—until Wrangell‑Saint Elias in southern Alaska, ____ became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres. 2. Thank you for your email, ____ really cheered me up. 3. The house in ____ we lived ten years ago has been pulled down. 4. The poem ____ he translated is popular among teenagers. 5. He failed the exam again, ____ made his parents very upset. 要点精讲 3：the way 作先行词表方式状语 从句缺方式状语：`the way that / in which / 省略`；that 在这里相当于关系副词 in which，不作代词。 例句：The way (that/in which) he explains the sentence is quite simple. 【即时训练】 1. I don’t like the way ____ you treat your classmates. 2. The way in ____ he solves problems deserves our learning. 3. The way ____ attracts me most is his positive attitude.（从句缺主语！） 4. 【2024 浙江 1 月卷】Of course, shops are not charities — they price goods in the way ____ will make them the most money. 5. I admire the way ____ she faces difficulties bravely. 考点二 关系代词 whose, who, whom 典型用法归纳 要点精讲 1：whose 用法 1. whose 在从句中作定语，表所属，先行词可以是人 / 物； 2. 替换公式：`whose + n = the + n + of whom/which = of whom/which + the + n`； 3. 特殊结构：`介词 + whose + n` 例句： He has written a book whose name I have completely forgotten. Look at the building, whose roof = the roof of which = of which the roof is red. 【即时训练】 1.【2020 全国 Ⅲ 卷】In ancient China lived an artist ____ paintings were almost lifelike. 2. 【改编 2023 全国乙卷】She picked a box ____ picture showed a young lady with perfect hair color. 3. This is Mr. Li, with ____ help I have made steady progress in oral English. 4. The village, ____ houses are built along the river, draws thousands of tourists every year. 5. A company ____ products are popular among teenagers must attach importance to innovation. 要点精讲 2：who /whom 用法 1. who：从句作**主语**，先行词指人；句型：*Those who… / Anyone who… 2. whom：从句作**宾语**，先行词指人；可用于`介词+whom`，who 不能放介词后。 例句： Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up here. The person to whom you just talked is Mr. Depp. 【即时训练】 1.【2024 新课标 Ⅱ 卷】Chinese cultural elements commemorating Tang Xianzu, ____ is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia”, add an international character to Stratford‑upon‑Avon. 2. The volunteers to ____ we offered thanks devoted much time to community service. 3. Anyone ____ wants to join the club shall fill in the application form. 4. Those ____ break the rules shall be punished. 5. The girl ____ we met at the station majors in traditional Chinese medicine. 考点清单三、关系副词 where 典型用法归纳 要点精讲 1. where 在从句作地点状语，从句主谓 / 主谓宾结构完整（不缺主宾）； 2. 先行词可以是具体地点：school, museum； 3. 抽象地点高频先行词 高考高频）：point, case, situation, stage, position, job, letter。 例句： We have reached the point where a change is needed. I don’t want a job where I’m chained to a desk all day. 【即时训练】 1. 【2020 全国 Ⅰ 卷】…China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot ____ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. 2. We have got into a situation ____ we have to make an immediate decision. 3. The case ____ you mentioned at the meeting needs further discussion.（从句缺宾语！） 4. This is the office ____ my father has worked for twenty years. 5. He wrote a long letter ____ he described his travel experience in Tibet. 考点清单四、关系副词 when 典型用法归纳 要点精讲 1. when 在从句作**时间状语**，从句句子完整； 2. 先行词：具体时间 day/month/year；抽象时间 age, stay, occasion； 3. 分割定语从句：先行词和 when 被主句谓语隔开。 例句： There are occasions when one must yield. The days are gone when physical strength was all you needed to make a living. 【即时训练【 1. I will never forget the summer holiday ____ I spent in Yunnan.（从句缺宾语） 2. There was a time ____ many young people were crazy about short‑video apps. 3. The days are gone ____ people depended heavily on letters for communication.（分割定语从句） 4. Do you still remember the moment ____ we first met on campus? 5. The stay ____ I enjoyed local folk culture impressed me deeply. 考点清单五、关系副词 why 典型用法归纳 要点精讲 1. why 在从句作**原因状语**，先行词一般 the reason；句型 *The reason why…is that…* 2. 若从句谓语是及物动词，缺少宾语，不能用 why，改用 that/which。 例句： The reason why he is late is that he failed to catch the first bus. The reason that he gave for being late is that he failed to catch the first bus. 【即时训练】 1. Do you know the reason ____ he refused our invitation? 2. The reason ____ he explained at the conference was not convincing.（explain 缺宾语） 3. The reason ____ many teenagers are anxious is that they face huge study pressure. 4. Is this the exact reason ____ accounts for his strange behaviour?（从句缺主语） 5. The reason ____ he resigned is that he wanted to pursue further study. 考点清单六、如何区分先行词作状语还是宾语 解题核心口诀： 从句缺主语 / 宾语 → 用关系代词 that/which/who/whom 从句主谓完整，不缺主宾→ 用关系副词 where/when/why 易错提醒：看到地点名词不一定用 where；看到时间名词不一定用 when！ 【即时训练】 1. Do you remember the years ____ we lived together in the countryside?（从句完整） 2. Do you remember the years ____ we spent together in the countryside?（spent 缺宾语） 3. Is this the factory ____ my uncle once worked?（从句完整） 4. Is this the factory ____ we visited last summer vacation?（visit 缺宾语） 5. The reason ____ he put forward is totally unacceptable.（put forward 缺宾语） 考点清单七、关系代词 as 典型用法归纳 要点精讲 1：限制性定语从句 as 1. 用作关系代词，引导限制性定语从句，作从句的主语、宾语； 2. 用于such…as…, so…as…, the same…as…, the same…that句型。注意定语从句关系词作主语或宾语，而so…that…, such…that…引导结果状语从句，that只起连接作用不作句子成分。 3. 注意the same…as…强调“和……是同一类”；the same…that…强调“和……是同一个”。 例句： This is the same dictionary as I lost yesterday.（同类） He is the same boy that helped me yesterday.（同一个人） 【即时训练】 1. Such books ____ you recommended are well worth reading. 2. It is such a moving story ____ many readers are touched to tears.（从句完整） 3. This is the same bag ____ I bought last month.（同款另一只） 4. This is the same bag ____ I lost yesterday.（就是丢失的那一只） 5. It is so difficult a problem ____ nobody can work out.（work out 缺宾语） 要点精讲 2：as 引导非限制性定语从句 vs which 1. as用作关系代词，引导非限制性定语从。 2. 位于主句的前、中、后，强调前后逻辑一致，表示“正如……。 3. 从句多含有see, know, expect, tell, report等动词； 4. which和as用法区别： ①位置上：which从句只能位于主句之后，as从句位于主句的前、中、后； ②逻辑上：which强调前后不一；as强调前后逻辑一致，“正如”； ③句式上：which多用于“which+动词+宾语”句型；as多用于as we all know/see, as is often the case with sb等句型。 【即时训练】 1.【2023 全国甲卷】Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, ____ Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow”. 2. He got full marks in the final exam, ____ was expected by his teachers. 3. He tore up my note, ____ upset me greatly. 4. ____ is often the case, teenagers tend to be curious about new things. 5. The project, ____ we had hoped, turned out to be a big success. 考点清单八、定语从句 “介词 + 关系代词” 用法归纳 要点精讲 1.先行词指人关系代词用whom，指物关系代词用which； 2.介词选择的原则：一看先行词特殊搭配，如to a degree；二看从句谓语动词搭配，如learn from；三看整个语境逻辑。特殊结构如in which case, with whose help等。 3.在特定情况下出现“介词+whose+名词”结构，whose作定语例句： I'll never forget the day on which we moved to our house. Mathematics is the subject in which I am most interested. 【即时训练】填介词 + 关系代词 1.【2026 全国 Ⅱ 卷】We move on to tai chi positions, of ____ there are forty‑two in the style that Angela teaches. 2. Do you remember the year in ____ we entered high school? 3. This is the girl from ____ I learned a great deal about volunteer work. 4. This is the coat for ____ she paid 800 yuan last winter. 5. Without ____ help, we couldn’t have finished the tough task ahead of time.（whose） 考点清单九、定语从句中的主谓一致用法归纳 要点精讲 1：先行词决定从句谓语 Anyone who does…* anyone 单数，从句谓语单数； Those who do…* those 复数，从句谓语复数； - I /you 作先行词，从句谓语和 I/you 保持一致。 要点精讲 2：one of /the only one of 高频考点 1. `one of +复数名词 + who/that + **复数谓语**`：先行词是复数名词； 2. `the only one of +复数名词 + who/that + **单数谓语**`：先行词是 the only one。 【即时训练】 1. Anyone who ____ (break) the school rules shall receive serious warning. 2. I, who ____ (be) your deskmate, will spare no effort to assist you. 3. He is one of the boys in our class who ____ (take) part in the national competition last year. 4. She is the only one of the students who ____ (win) the first prize twice so far. 5. Those who ____ (waste) food should be reminded of the value of grain. 考点清单十、分割型定语从句及强调句型、名词性从句变式考查 要点精讲 1. 分割定语从句：先行词与关系词被谓语、插入语隔开，找先行词不要只看紧邻名词。 The days are gone when physical strength was everything.* 2. 区分：定语从句（有关系词，修饰名词） vs 名词性从句（无先行词，从句充当主语 / 宾语 / 表语） vs 强调句 *It is…that…*（去掉 It is…that，句子完整） 【即时训练】 1. The days have passed ____ we could enjoy care‑free childhood.（分割定语从句） 2. It is on Sunday ____ we usually have group discussion.（强调句型！） 3. A story goes ____ ancient Chinese people invented paper during Han Dynasty.（同位语从句） 4. There are still many problems ____ remain to be solved in our daily life. 5. The time will come ____ humans can travel to Mars conveniently.（分割定语从句） 基础固本练（限时：25分钟） 分层训练（一）高考真题通关 1.【2026 全国 Ⅰ 卷】Drawn by the aroma of street food, they line up in front of stands ____ serve steaming dumplings and hot noodle soup. 2.【2026 浙江 1 月卷】…a scream ____ always ended in laughter. 3.【2025 新高考 Ⅰ 卷】An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go, or weiqi in Chinese, ____ originated in China more than 4,000 years ago. 4.【2025 浙江 1 月卷】Tanya is also looking beyond specialoccasion dresses to less formal clothing, ____ she plans to package as capsule wardrobes and offer to travellers. 5.【2024 新课标 Ⅱ 卷】Chinese cultural elements commemorating Tang Xianzu, ____ is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia,” add an international character to StratforduponAvon. 6.【2024 新课标 Ⅰ 卷】The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design…along the Silk Route ____ brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to define much of the richness of gardening in England. 7.【2024 全国甲卷】Yellowstone was the largest United States national park —2.2 million acres—until WrangellSaint Elias in southern Alaska, ____ became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres. 8.【2024 浙江 1 月卷】Of course, shops are not charities — they price goods in the way ____ will make them the most money. （二）定语从句易混对比十组 Group 1 1. The orphan came from Hainan Province, ___________ is far away from here. 2. The orphan came from Hainan Province, ___________ lost his parents when he was a baby. Group 2 3. The house ___________ window faces south is for the doctor. 4. The house ___________ faces south is for the doctor. Group 3 5. ___________ is well-known that China is rich in natural resources. 6. ___________ is well-known to us all is that China is rich in natural resources. Group 4 7. ___________ who leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. 8. ___________ who leave the room last ought to turn off the lights. Group 5 9. We’re just trying to reach a point ___________ both sides will sit down together and talk. 10. Remember that there is still one point ___________ we must make clear tomorrow. Group 6 11. He wrote a letter __________ explained what had happened in the accident. 12. He wrote a letter __________ he explained what had happened in the accident. Group 7 13.I don’t like the way ___________ you speak to her. 14.I don’t like the way___________ isn’t scientific. Group 8 15. Chaplin acted in 82 films, many of ___________he wrote and directed himself. 16. Chaplin acted in 82 films; many of ___________he wrote and directed himself. Group 9 17. The teacher didn’t know the reason ___________she was absent yesterday? 18. The teacher couldn’t accept the reason ___________ she explained yesterday? Group 10 19. Los Angeles is such an attractive place ___________everyone likes to visit. 20. Los Angeles is such an attractive place ___________everyone likes to visit it. 分层训练（三）定语从句助力应用文写作升格 书面表达句式升级：请准确运用定语从句翻译下列各句。 1. (2026 全国 Ⅰ 卷回忆版) 这位分享旅行故事的学长将会给我们做一场线上讲座。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. (2026 浙江 1 月卷回忆版) 这是一个线上读书俱乐部，在俱乐部里读书爱好者可以交流阅读心得。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. (2025 新高考 Ⅰ 卷) 我们将要参加的志愿者活动旨在帮助社区里那些独居的老年人。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. (2025 浙江 1 月卷) 我校开设了大量课外课程，其中人工智能是最受学生欢迎的一门课程。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. (2024 新课标 Ⅰ 卷) 我们学校将举办一场传统文化展览，它可以为学生提供近距离感受传统艺术魅力的机会。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 6. (2024 全国甲卷) 我向你推荐这家城市图书馆，在那里你能够读到许多关于中国历史的珍贵书籍。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 分层训练（四）定语从句助力读后续写升格 任务：根据中文提示翻译句子，熟练运用 who /which/whose /where 等定语从句关系词。 1. (2026 全国 Ⅰ 卷回忆版) 一阵微风吹过树林，这吹散了萦绕在我心头的焦虑。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. (2026 全国 Ⅱ 卷回忆版) 我遇到了一位登山者，他的经验教会我永不轻易放弃。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. (2026 浙江 1 月卷回忆版) 这是一片安静的湖畔，许多疲惫的旅行者会在此休整，重拾力量。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. (2026 新高考 Ⅱ 卷回忆版) 那些在困境中不曾放弃的人，终将收获属于自己的惊喜。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. (2025 新高考 Ⅰ 卷) 小男孩拾起那本封面已经破损的绘本，它勾起了他童年许多美好的回忆。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 6. (2025 浙江 1 月卷) 我们来到了一间小小的山间木屋，在那里我们度过了一个难忘的雨夜。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 7. (2025 全国乙卷) 一位头发花白的老人向我们挥手，他的眼神里满是善意与温暖。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 8. (2024 浙江 1 月卷) 她望向那条蜿蜒的跑道，跑道见证了她无数次充满汗水的训练。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 9. (2024 新课标 Ⅱ 卷) 站在终点线的教练朝她竖起大拇指，这给了她继续向前的巨大勇气。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 10. (2024 全国甲卷) 那个曾经害怕长跑的女孩终于战胜了内心的胆怯。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 综合进阶练（限时：15分钟） 一、语法填空 （注意分析空格处所充当的句子成分）（2026全国I卷） Daji, or big open-air fairs, typically take place on specific dates of the lunar calendar, for example, on dates with five or seven as the last digit. It is also common for them ____56____ (hold) during traditional Chinese holidays such as the Spring Festival and the Mid-Autumn Festival, as well as other local festivals. The exact dates and ____57____ (frequent) of daji vary from region to region. Daji originated from the ancient folk custom of trading goods, which dates back to ____58____ Han Dynasty. As transportation and communication ____59____ (be) underdeveloped at that time, it was very difficult for households to obtain daily ____60____ (necessity). As a solution, people gathered at specific locations on set days to trade their surplus (剩余的) items ____61____ what they needed. In addition to being venues for buying and selling, daji are occasions for socializing and entertainment. People from near and far crowd into these markets on daji days. ____62____ (draw) by the aroma (香味) of street food, they line up in front of stands ____63____ serve steaming dumplings and hot noodle soup. While eating and enjoying street performances, they chat with each other and share stories of their daily lives. Before ____64____ (head) home, they fill their shopping bags with fresh fruit and vegetables from local farmers, at prices significantly ____65____ (cheap) than those found in supermarkets. 专题01-3V-ing和V-ed形式的形容词 01期中考情透视 02复习目标锚定 03知识体系构建 04核心考点精讲 考点清单一、‑ed/‑ing形容词核心区分 考点清单二、分词形容词作定语 考点清单三、分词形容词作表语（be+‑ed/‑ing） 考点清单四、分词作状语（‑ing/‑ed作状语，新高考语法填空高频） 考点清单五、分词作宾语补足语 考点清单六、易混特殊词（‑ed/‑ing不遵循常规人/物） 05限时分层演练 基础固本练/综合进阶练 本专题核心考点‑ed/‑ing形容词作定语、表语、状语、宾语补足语的用法。命题上常结合语法填空、写作句子结构等真实题型设置情境。整体以基础送分为主，需要进一步学习‑ed/‑ing形容词作定语、表语、状语、宾语补足语的用法。 。 识记 ‑ed/‑ing形容词核心含义。 理解 精准辨析易混成分。 应用 能在语法填空中判断‑ed/‑ing形容词语境含义。 考点清单一、‑ed/‑ing形容词核心区分 要点精讲 1‑ing形容词：多用来描述事物本身的性质、特征，译为“令人……的”；主语通常是事物 amazing令人惊讶的；exciting令人兴奋的；boring令人无聊的；surprising令人吃惊的 2.‑ed形容词：多用来描述人的感受、情绪状态，译为“感到……的”；主语通常是人 amazed感到惊讶的；excited感到兴奋的；bored感到无聊的；surprised感到吃惊的 3.特殊提醒 ①少数‑ed形容词可以修饰事物名词，表达“与人感受相关”：excitedlook/surprisedexpression（感到激动/惊讶的神情，体现人的内心情绪） ②部分词只作分词不作普通形容词：developing发展中的/developed发达的；existing现存的 ③高频固定搭配：be‑ed+介词：beinterestedin；besurprisedat；beboredwith；bedelightedat 【即时训练】 1.（改编2024新高考Ⅰ卷）Thesepalsofthegreenhousecreatean________(amaze)sceneonwarmsunnydays. 2.（改编2025全国Ⅱ卷）Deniedthesunshinescent,Ifelt________(disappoint)atmychildhoodwithoutclotheslines. 3.（2023新高考Ⅰ卷改编）Thecontestwas________(challenge),yetIstillwantedtohaveatry. 4.（改编2024九省联考）Manyteenagersare________(interest)inscience‑popularizationactivities. 5.（改编2025北京卷）Itis________(tire)tospendlonghoursscrollingthroughshort‑videoapps. 考点清单二、分词形容词作定语 要点精讲 1.前置定语： ‑ing：令人……的（修饰物）；‑ed：感到……的（修饰人；也可修饰look,expression,face,smile等表情名词，反映人的情绪） 例：asurprisingresult令人吃惊的结果；asurprisedlook吃惊的神情 2.后置定语（分词作定语，本质是省略定语从句） -现在分词‑ing：主动、正在进行； -过去分词‑ed：被动、已经完成 thebooklyingonthedesk（主动：书躺在桌上） thebookwrittenbyLuXun（被动：被鲁迅写的书） 【即时训练】 1.（改编2024新高考Ⅱ卷）Wewereattractedbythestoriesofthetwogreatwritersinthe________(surprise)exhibition. 2.（改编2023全国甲卷）Fablesare________(inspire)storiesfullofancientwisdom. 3.（改编2025浙江1月）Tanyahada________(delight)smilewhentalkingaboutherclothes‑rentalshop. 4.（改编2024全国甲卷）Wevisitednationalparks________(contain)variousrarenativespecies. 5.（改编2025全国Ⅰ卷）Ireadanovel________(write)byayoungChinesewriter. 考点清单三、分词形容词作表语（be+‑ed/‑ing） 要点精讲 1.be+‑ing：主语（多为物）具有某种“令人……”的属性 Themovieismoving.这部电影令人感动 2.be+‑ed：主语（多为人）感到……；很多属于固定be+adj.+介词搭配 Iammoved.我被感动了/我很感动 besatisfiedwith；beconfusedabout；beastonishedat；befrightenedof ⚠️注意：部分be+‑ed是被动语态（强调动作），部分是形容词系表结构（强调状态） 对比： -Heissurprised.（系表，状态：他感到惊讶） -Hewassurprisedbythenews.（被动，被消息震惊） 【即时训练】 1.（2024新高考Ⅱ卷真题）…visitorswalkingthroughtheBirthplaceGardenwereoften________(amaze)attheconnectionbetweenthetwogreatwriters. 2.（改编2023新高考Ⅰ卷）Thewritingcompetitionwasreally________(encourage)toteenagers. 3.（改编2025北京卷）Manystudentsare________(confuse)abouthowtoimprovewrittenEnglish. 4.（改编2024九省联考）Thescienceshowis________(astonish)anddrawslargecrowds. 5.（改编2025全国Ⅱ卷）Iwas________(relax)whenIsmelledthesunshinescentofsun‑driedclothes. 考点清单四、分词作状语（‑ing/‑ed作状语，新高考语法填空高频） 要点精讲 分词作状语，逻辑主语等于主句主语 1.‑ing（现在分词）作状语：逻辑主语和分词是主动关系 Walkingalongthepark,weenjoyedthenaturalview.（we主动walk） 2.‑ed（过去分词）作状语：逻辑主语和分词是被动关系 Shockedbythescene,shestoodstill.（she被shock） 【即时训练】 1.（改编2023新高考Ⅰ卷）________(inspire)bymyteacher’swords,Idecidedtojointhewritingcontest. 2.（改编2024新高考Ⅰ卷）________(open)onwarmdays,thesepalsoffersunshineforplantsinside. 3.（改编2025全国Ⅰ卷）________(interest)inGoculture,Tucreatedthespecialexhibition. 4.（改编2024全国甲卷）________(see)fromthedistance,nationalparkslooklikegreenjewels. 5.（改编2025北京卷）________(fill)withexcitement,theteenagerstookpartincommunitypractice. 考点清单五、分词作宾语补足语 要点精讲 感官动词see,hear,find,notice,keep等后接宾补 1.seesbdoing：看见某人正在做（主动进行） 2.seesthdone：看见某物被做（被动完成） Isawhimreadingabook.我看见他正在读书 Isawthebookthrownaway.我看见这本书被扔掉 【即时训练】 1.（改编2024九省联考）Isawmanystudents________(take)partinthevolunteeractivitywhenIpassedby. 2.（改编2023全国甲卷）Wefoundtheancientstories________(touch)andeducational. 3.（改编2025全国Ⅱ卷）Ifoundmyoldclothes________(hang)ontheclothesline,bathedinsunshine. 4.（改编2024新高考Ⅱ卷）Wenoticedthewindowsoftheoldbuilding________(break)intheheavystorm. 5.（改编2025北京卷）Keepyourself________(inform)ofthelatestnewsabouttraditional‑cultureevents. 考点清单六、易混特殊词（‑ed/‑ing不遵循常规人/物） 要点精讲 1.developing发展中的；developed发达的（描述国家，不描述人的感受） developingcountries发展中国家；developedcountries发达国家 2.remaining剩余的（只用‑ing，无remained作形容词）；theremainingtime剩余时间 3.interestedparty利益相关方；excitedaudience激动的观众（修饰人用‑ed） 【即时训练】 1.（改编2024全国甲卷）Chinaisstilla________(develop)country. 2.（改编2025全国Ⅰ卷）Wespentthe________(remain)afternoonvisitingtheGo‑cultureexhibition. 3.（改编2023全国甲卷）Some________(develop)countriespaymoreattentiontoculturalheritageprotection. 4.（改编2024浙江1月卷）Allthe________(excite)audienceapplaudedforthefolkartists. 5.（改编2025北京卷）Wehavelittletime________(leave)beforethevolunteeractivitystarts. 基础固本练（限时：25分钟） 分层训练（一）高考真题通关 1.（改编2024新高考Ⅱ卷）Visitorswereoften________(amaze)attheconnectionbetweenwriters. 2. （改编2023全国甲卷）Fablesare________(inspire)storiespassingdownancientwisdom. 3. （改编2025全国Ⅰ卷）________(Inspire)bytheexhibition,manyteenagersfellinlovewithGoculture. 4. （改编2024新高考Ⅰ卷）________(Open)inwarmweather,thesepalsprovidesunshineforplants. 5. （改编2025浙江1月）Shewas________(delight)withherclothes‑rentalbusiness. 分类通关（二）‑ed/‑ing形容词易混对比十组 Group1amazing/amazed 1.Thespecialartshowis________(amaze). 2.Wefelt________(amaze)atthepoweroftraditional‑cultureart. Group2boring/bored 3.Manystudentsthinksomeoldlecturesare________(bore). 4.Somestudentsget________(bore)withlongtheoreticalspeeches. Group3exciting/excited 5.Thecomingvolunteeractivityis________(excite). 6.The________(excite)teenagerscouldhardlywaitfortheactivity. Group4surprising/surprised 7.Itis________(surprise)thatsomanyyouthlovetraditionalcrafts. 8.Wewere________(surprise)toseeteenagersperformingancientoperas. Group5satisfying/satisfied 9.Theresultofcommunityprojectis________(satisfy). 10.Volunteersare________(satisfied)withwhattheyhaveachieved. Group6moving/moved 11.Thestoryofheritageprotectersisreally________(move). 12.Deeply________(move),manyaudiencemembersburstintotears. Group7confusing/confused 13.Somegrammarrulesare________(confuse)forhigh‑schoolstudents. 14.Studentsoftenget________(confuse)about‑edand‑ingadjectives. Group8tiring/tired 15.Workingforlonghoursonheritageprotectionis________(tire). 16.Afterfieldwork,theresearchersfelt________(tire). Group9interesting/interested 17.Thefolk‑culturelectureisreally________(interest). 18.Moreandmoreteenagersbecome________(interest)inlocalfolkart. Group10developing/developed 19.Many________(develop)countriesattachimportancetoculturalinheritance. 20.________(develop)countriesstillfacegreatchallengesinheritageprotection. 分类通关（三）‑ed&‑ing助力应用文写作 要求：中文翻译成英文，恰当使用‑ed/‑ing形容词/分词 1.（改编2023新高考Ⅰ卷・建议信）这个鼓舞人心的写作比赛激发了很多学生的创作热情 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.（改编2024新课标Ⅰ卷・告知信）看到令人惊叹的温室，同学们感到十分兴奋 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3.（改编2025北京卷・倡议邮件）对很多青少年来说，参与社区志愿活动是一件令人充实的事情 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4.（改编2023全国甲卷・投稿）受寓言故事启发，我们计划举办一次传统文化分享会 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5.（改编2024九省联考・邀请信）我写信邀请你来观看这场令人震撼的科普展览 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 6.（改编2025全国Ⅰ卷・栏目投稿）很多对围棋感兴趣的青少年前来参观这次展览 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 7.（改编2024全国甲卷・发言稿）看到国家公园里各种各样珍稀动植物，游客们感到十分惊讶 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 8.（改编2023新高考Ⅱ卷・咨询邮件）我对部分令人困惑的语法点感到很迷茫，希望得到你的指导 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 9.（改编2025北京卷・倡议）被志愿者们的奉献精神打动，越来越多学生愿意参与社会实践 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 10.（改编2024新课标Ⅱ卷・邮件）这场令人印象深刻的展览搭建起中外文化沟通的桥梁 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ . 分类通关（四）‑ed&‑ing助力读后续写 合理使用‑ed/‑ing形容词、分词作状语、定语 1.（改编2023新高考Ⅰ卷）被老师的话语鼓舞，我鼓起勇气报名参加写作比赛 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.（改编2024浙江1月）面对这座迷宫般的大楼，伊娃感到很困惑 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3.（改编2025全国Ⅰ卷）看到狗狗欢快的样子，我内心充满惊喜 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4.（改编2023新高考Ⅰ卷）令人失望的结果并没有磨灭我对写作的热爱 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5.（改编2024浙江1月）受到周围同学的鼓励，她开始勇敢探索整栋教学楼 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 6.（改编2025全国Ⅰ卷）怀着激动的心情，我拆开信封查看比赛结果 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 7.（改编2023新高考Ⅰ卷）那个令人感动的故事深深打动了评委 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 8.（改编2024浙江1月）疲惫但是充满希望，她找到了通往图书馆的道路 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 9.（改编2025全国Ⅰ卷）弟弟被我的真诚打动，决定和我好好沟通 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 10.（改编2023新高考Ⅰ卷）听到获奖消息，她脸上露出惊喜的神情 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 综合进阶练（限时：15分钟） 一、语法填空（注意分析空格处所充当的句子成分） (2026·四川遂宁高三上期中)As temperatures rise across China，a new trend is taking hold.Outdoor sports,1.　________　 draw citizens out of gyms and into the wilderness，test people’s physical limits and reconnect them with nature. One standout in this trend，the Spartan Race，has exploded in 2.　________　(popular) in many Chinese cities.So far，the race along with its 3.　________　(mud) routes，high walls，and various obstacles，has gained significant attraction online as well.Last month，the Spartan China series 4.　________　 (land) in Changchun while on October 16­17，the Spartan Kids World Championship will be held 5.　________　 the second time at Yunding Snow Park in Hebei Province. Each event challenges participants to complete distances 6.　________　 (range) from 5 to 50 kilometers，with some 7.　________　(extreme) demanding obstacles depending on the race category.In practice，the race involves climbing，hanging，and carrying sandbags,8.　________　 total return to nature from gyms. Liu Mingyi，chief expert at the China Youth Sports and Physical Education Center，said that the rise of outdoor running competitions is far from accidental.“In the past，people stayed indoors，lifting weights in gyms.Now，there’s a growing desire 9.　________　(break) free from concrete buildings.” Liu commented.“These mud­stained events offer not just wildness,10.　________　 a kind of close dialogue with nature.” 不定代词的用法 被动语态 考点清单、不定代词用法 要点精讲1：each, both, all等不定代词用法 典型用法 典型示例 each指两者或两者以上中每个 They each have their own email address. 他们每个人都有自己的电子邮件地址。 both表示“两者都” Both his mother and his father will be there. 他父母二人都要去那里。 all指“(三者或三者以上)全部” All five men are hard workers. 五个人全都工作努力。 either表示“(两者中的)任何一个” You can park on either side of the street. 这条街两边都可停车。 neither表示“两者都不” Neither of my parents speaks a foreign language. 我的父母都不会说外语。 none表示“(三者或三者以上)全无，没有一点” We have three sons but none of them live nearby. 我们有三个儿子，但他们都不住在附近。 nothing表示“没有任何东西” The doctor said there was nothing wrong with me. 医生说我什么毛病也没有。 another泛指“(三者或三者以上中的)另一，又一” Heavy rains  continued  another three days. 大雨持续了三天。 Would you like another drink? 还想喝一杯吗？ other泛指“其余的”，只作定语 Are there any other questions? 还有其他问题没有？ others“另一些” Don't expect others to read your mind.  不要期望别人能看出你的心思。 the other特指两者之中的另一个 He raised one arm and then the other. 他先举起一只手，然后举起另一只。 the others“剩余的一些” I walked back while the others rode in the car.  别人都乘车，而我是走回来的。 即时训练一：结合语境用both, all, either, neither, none, nothing填空。 1. My brother would like to buy a good watch but _______was available from that shop. (江西2012) 2.---Would you like tea or coffee? ---_______ , thank you. I've just had some water. (辽宁2011) 3. Of all the books on the desk, __________is of any use for our study. (四川2006) 4. They produced two reports, ______ of which contained any useful suggestions. (上海2011春) 5. You may drop in or just give me a call. _______ will do. (安徽2006) 6.Both teams were in hard training; __________was willing to lose the game. 7. I made a call to my parents yesterday. To my disappointment, _______ of them answered it. 8.On _________ side/On _______sides of the road were green fields and some farm house. 9. –How do you find your classmates? –Most of them are kind, but ______ is so good to me as Bruce. 10. He had lost his temper and his health in the war and never found _______ of them again． 即时训练二：结合语境用something, anything, nothing, everything填空。 11. (全国2017)I agree with most of what you said, but I don’t agree with _________. 12. (全国2011II)I got this bicycle for _________: My friend gave it to me when she bought a new one. 13. (四川2011)There is _________ in his words. We should have a try. 14. (湖南2011)I know that_________ would ever discourage him; he would never give up wanting to be a director. 15. She couldn't see or hear_________ at all. 即时训练三：结合语境用other, others, another, the other, the others填空。 16. (重庆2013)Recycling is one way to protect the environment; reusing is________. 17. (全国2010 I)I'll spend half of my holiday practicing English and _________ half learning drawing. 18. (四川2008) The manager believes prices will not rise by __________ four percent. 19. (上海2006春)Both sides have accused _________of breaking the contract. 20.It is very necessary that children should be taught how to get along with_________. 21.Jack is hard-working and intelligent. In _________ words, I can’t speak too highly of him. 22. The first time I went there, they were living in a small house with dogs, ducks, and ______ animals. 23. There are five language labs here. One is on the second floor and _________ are in the third floor. 24. To warm himself, the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against _______. 25. I don't know any French people _________ than you. 【即时训练一答案】 1.none 2.Neither 3.none 4.neither 5.Either 6.neither 7.neither 8.either/each, both 9.none 10.none 【即时训练二答案】 11.everything 12.nothing 13. something 14. nothing 15. anything 【即时训练三答案】 1.another 2.the other 3.another 4.the other 5.others 6.other 7. other 8.the others 9.the other 10. other 要点精讲2： 典型用法 典型示例 few修饰可数名词，否定含义，“几乎没有” The last few winters have been very cold过去几个冬天都很冷。 a few修饰可数名词，肯定含义，“几个；一些” I have a few friends, but my younger sister has very few. 我有一些朋友，但我妹妹几乎没有朋友。 little修饰不可数名词，否定含义，“几乎没有” There is little time left.几乎没剩下什么时间了。 a little修饰不可数名词，肯定含义，“一点” She can speak a little French, but she knows little English.她能讲点法语，但她几乎不懂英语。 many修饰可数名词，肯定含义，“许多” We don't have very many copies left. 我们所剩的册数不多。 much修饰不可数名词，肯定含义，“许多” I don't have much money with me. 我没带多少钱。 即时训练四：结合语境用上述单词或词组的适当形式填空。 1.I try to visit my parents every ________ weeks.  2.He was advised to smoke ________ cigarettes and drink ________ beer.  3.But after the phone call, the journalist promised to ask ________ friends to teach him.  4.New drivers have twice as ________many accidents as experienced drivers. 5.Teenagers who are addicted to the Internet are ________ likely to suffer from depression. 即时训练四答案： 1. few 2. fewer, less 3. a few 4. more 分层训练（一）高考真题 【即时训练】在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。 1. (2024新课标II卷) Some of the things that Tang was writing about __________ (be) also Shakespeare’s concerns. 2. (2024新课标II卷) Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, inspired by The Peony Pavilion, __________ (build)at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace. 3. (2024全国甲卷) They__________ (be) part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there. 4.（2023新高考II卷）As a little girl, I (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. 5.（2023全国乙卷）Having visited several times over the last 10 years, I (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. 6. (2022全国乙)The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society__________ (address) the opening ceremony. “As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, ..” he said. 7. (2022新高考I) The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that __________ (be)previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority to increase effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management. 8. (2022新高考II) Henry __________ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony. 9. (2021·全国甲)The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China's long history. It __________ (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored. 10. (2021全国甲) We __________ (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. My bike was old and shaky but did the job. 17 / 22 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题01动词不定式*定语从句*V-ingV-ed形容词*不定代词*被动语态 专题01-1 动词不定式----------------------------------------------------------------------------Page1---19 专题01-2 定语从句-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page19---34 专题01-3 V-ing和V-ed形式的形容词-----------------------------------------------------Page34---44 不定代词和被动语态------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page44---49 专题01-1动词不定式 01 期中考情透视 02 复习目标锚定 03 知识体系构建 04 核心考点精讲 考点清单一、不定式作主语典型用法 考点清单二、不定式作宾语两种典型用法 考点清单三、不定式作宾语补足语四种用法 考点清单四、不定式作定语两种典型用法 考点清单五、不定式作状语三种典型用法 考点清单六、不定式作表语典型用法 考点清单七、不定式三种典型省略 考点清单八，动词不定式形式多样化 05 限时分层演练 基础固本练 / 综合进阶练 本专题核心考点动词不定式，非谓语动词一种形式，基本形式为to do，在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语或宾语补足语。学习动词不定式难点在于：一是熟记一些动词搭配，需要与不定式连用，二是需要区分不定式和动名词的区别，三是动词不定式形式的复杂变化。命题上常结合语法填空、阅读理解长难句、完形填空语义搭配、写作句子结构等真实题型设置情境。整体以基础送分为主，需要进一步学习不定式作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语的用法。 识记 动词不定式的多样化形式 理解 不定式作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语的用法 应用 能用不定式升格英语应用文写作和读后续写 考点清单一、不定式作主语典型用法 要点精讲 ： 1.不定式作主语表示具体一次行为 (对比：动名词作主语表示泛指抽象行为) 。 2.不定式作主语三种情况：不定式直接作主语；It作形式主语；wh-to do短语作主语(谓语用单数)。 3.常考句型It is+ adj. +of / for sb to do sth 结构；It takes sb. time to do sth.等。 【 即时训练】 1.（2026 全国 Ⅰ 卷真题）It is also common for them ____________ (hold) during traditional Chinese holidays such as the Spring Festival. 2.（改编自 2023 全国甲卷）It takes generations of efforts ____________ (protect) our precious cultural heritage from disappearing. 3.（2021 全国甲卷・保留经典真题）It is possible ____________ (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers of the ancient city wall. 4.（改编 2025 北京卷）It is vital for teenagers ____________ (develop) a positive attitude towards daily challenges. 5.（改编 2024 九省联考）When and where ____________ (launch) the community project has not been announced yet. 答案与解析 1. to be held it 作形式主语；them 指代 daji 大集，与 hold 被动，不定式被动作真正主语学科网。 2. to protect It takes … to do`固定句型，不定式作真正主语。 3.to walk It is +adj.+to do`，it 形式主语，不定式为真正主语21世纪教...。 4. to develop It is +adj.+for sb. to do sth.。 5.to launch wh‑to‑do`结构作主语，谓语用单数。 考点清单二、不定式作宾语两种典型用法 要点精讲 1： 1.只接to do作宾语的动词:妙记--mecarfipsd霉咖啡不是的 manage, expect, choose, afford/ agree/ attempt, refuse, fail, intend, plan/pretend/promise, seem, decide/desire/determine 2.速记口诀：决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装；主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮 decide, determine, learn, hope, expect, refuse, manage, pretend, offer, promise, choose, plan, agree, aim, tend【即时训练】 1. They failed _____________(grasp) the importance of his words. 2. She never seemed __________(care) what the rest of us thought about her. 3. The houses are so expensive that he can't afford __________(buy) one. 4. Although he pretended __________(be) calm, his pale face gave him away. 5. (2019浙江) One study in America found that students' grades improved a little after the school introduced uniforms. But some students didn't want __________ (wear) the uniform. 【答案与解析】 1. to grasp。fail to do未能做某事。故答案是to grasp。 2. to care。seem to do好像做某事。故答案是to care。 3. to buy。can’t afford to do sth是固定搭配，表示“承担不起做某事”。故答案是to buy。 4. to be。pretend to do表示“假装做某事”。故答案是to be。 5. to wear。want to do sth表示“想做某事”。故答案是to wear。 要点精讲 2： 1.接to do/doing意义不同的动词：妙记--frogshmt青蛙聪明 2.forget, remember/regret, go on, stop, can’t help, mean, try。该考点非常重要，必须重视。 forget to do 忘记要去做某事（未做） forget doing 忘记已经做过某事（已做） remember to do 记得将要做某事（未做） remember doing 记得已经做过某事（已做） regret to do 遗憾去做某事（未做） regret doing 后悔做过某事（已做） go on to do 继续做另一件事 （对象变了） go on doing 继续做正在做的事 （对象不变） stop to do 停下来去做另一件事 （对象变了） stop doing 停止做某事 （对象不变） can’t help to do 不能帮助做某事 can’t help doing 情不自禁做某事 mean to do 打算做某事（未做） mean doing 意味着做某事 （解释作用） try to do 努力做某事（不一定成功） try doing 尝试做某事 （强调尝试和行动） 【即时训练】 1.（2024 全国甲卷真题）Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend ________ (catch) our attention because of their large size and variety学科网. 2.（2025 全国 Ⅰ 卷真题）“The exhibition brings together Go culture, cutting‑edge technology and contemporary art,” says Tu. “We hope ________ (present) the rather abstract Go game and AI in a visual context.”学科网 3.（2023 新高考 Ⅰ 卷真题）To eat one, you have to decide whether ________ (bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill, or to put the whole dumpling in your mouth. 4.（改编 2024 浙江 1 月卷）Many consumers plan ________ (shop) smartly and avoid unnecessary purchases during big sales. 5.（改编 2025 北京卷）He didn’t mean ________ (disturb) others when he entered the meeting room. 答案 & 解析 1. to catch tend to do sth.`倾向于做某事，不定式作宾语学科网。 2. to present hope to do sth.`希望做某事，不定式作宾语学科网。 3. to bite whether + to do`作 decide 的宾语，与后文`to put`并列。 4. to shop plan to do sth.`计划做某事。 5. to disturb mean to do`打算做某事（区别 mean doing “意味着”）。 考点清单三、不定式作宾语补足语四种典型用法 要点精讲1： 1.观感使役类动词--see类(不定式作宾语补足语省略不定式符号to，但在被动语态中to应加上) 2.巧记--注意让迈克听听看看这块表有啥感觉 3.notice, let, make, hear, listen to, see, observe, watch, have, feel 【即时训练】 1.（2024 新高考 Ⅱ 卷真题）Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international visibility, said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed ________ (find) the connection between the two great writers广东省教育.... 2.（改编 2023 新高考 Ⅰ 卷）The thin wrappers of xiao long bao allow them ________ (lift) out of the steamer basket without breaking. 3.（改编 2025 全国 Ⅱ 卷）The ancient legend is reported ________ (pass) down for hundreds of years among local villagers. 4.（改编 2024 九省联考）All participants are required ________ (obey) the rules set for the competition. 5.（改编 2025 北京卷）The young man was observed ________ (enter) the research lab late at night. 答案 & 解析 1. to find 形容词`amazed`后接不定式作原因状语（宾补类高频考法）广东省教育...。 2. to be lifted allow sth. to be done`；小笼包是 “被拿起”，不定式被动作宾补广东省教育...。 3. to have been passed be reported to have been done`；动作已经流传数百年，完成被动。 4. to obey be required to do sth.`被要求做某事，不定式作主补。 5. to enter observe 用于被动语态，不定式符号 to 必须还原。 要点精讲2： 1.warn类动词(只接to do后作宾补) 2.warn, tell, ask, persuade, expect等。 【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 6. Energy drinks are not allowed ____________(make) in Australia but are brought in from New Zealand. 7. Once his message was delivered, he allowed me________(stay)and watch. 8. They are required ______________ (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. 9. (2020浙江1月卷)The median (中位数的) age of an American in 1950 was 30—today it is 41 and is expected____________(increase) to 42 by 2050. 10. Passengers are permitted ___________(carry) only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane. 【答案与解析】 6. to be made。allow sb to do sth允许某人做某事，故答案是to be made。 7. to stay。本句考查allow sb to do sth表示“允许某人做某事”。故答案是to stay。 8. to process。本题考查require sb to do sth表示“要求某人做某事”。故答案是to process。 9. to increase。本题考查expect sb to do sth表示“期待某人做某事”，故答案是to increase。 10 to carry。permit sb to do sth允许某人做事，故答案是to carry。 要点精讲3： 1.用于“with+名词+不定式”，表示一个主动的、将要发生的动作。 2.省略with后构成的“名词/代词+不定式” 构成独立主格结构。 【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 11. I send you 100 dollars today, the rest __________(follow) in a year. 12. With a lot of homework ___________(do), I decided not to watch the performance with you. 13. With a lot of difficult problems ___________(solve), the newly-elected president is having a hard time. 【答案与解析】 11. to follow。本句是省略with后构成的“名词/代词+不定式” 构成独立主格结构。故答案是to follow。 12. to do。with sth to do是with复合宾语结构，不定式强调将要发生的动作，故答案是to do。 13. to solve。with sth to do是with复合宾语结构，不定式强调将要发生的动作，故答案是to solve。 要点精讲4： 1.be said类动词：be said/believed/reported/known to do类句型， 2.该句型可以转化为It is said that…。 3.不定式根据语境还可能用进行式、被动式或完成式。 【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 14. Robert is said _____________(study) abroad, but I don't know what country he studied in. 15. Police are searching for a woman who is reported to _____________(miss) since the flood hit the area. 16. Alex is believed _______________(learn) by heart 2000 Chinese characters up to now. 【答案与解析】 14. to have studied。be said to do表示“据说做某事”；what country he studied in暗示该动作已结束，故答案是to have studied。 15. have been missing。since the flood hit the area暗示应用不定式完成式；结合语境又是一种“失踪”状态，故答案是have been missing。 16. to have learned/learnt。be believed to do表示“据相信做了某事”，结合语境该动作已经发生，应用to have done。故答案是to have learned/learnt。 考点清单四、不定式作定语典型用法 要点精讲1： 1.不定式作定语修饰名词，多表示一个主动的将要发生的动作。 2.不定式与名词之间是主谓关系或动宾关系。 3.若不定式是不及物动词，后边应加上适当的介词。 要点精讲2： 1.序数词first， second后常接动词不定式作定语。 2.形容词最高级后常接动词不定式作定语。 3. decision, wish, chance, promise, plan, time, attempt, effort, right, ability, patience 等抽象名词后常用不定式作定语，说明名词的内容。 要点精讲3： 1.现在分词作定语，表示一个主动的、正在进行的动作。 2.过去分词短语作定语，表示一个被动的、已经发生的动作。 【即时训练】 1.（2025 全国 Ⅱ 卷真题）Growing up, my family never used clotheslines, denying me the chance ________ (discover) the sweet “sunshine scent” of sun‑dried clothes学科网. 2.（2025 浙江 1 月首考真题）Tanya’s shop offers fashion clothes for women ________ (rent) rather than purchase them outright21世纪教.... 3.（改编 2023 全国甲卷）Fables are a powerful tool ________ (teach) moral lessons and pass on ancient wisdom. 4.（改编 2024 新高考 Ⅰ 卷）There is still a great deal of work ________ (complete) before the solar‑powered greenhouse opens to visitors. 5.（改编 2025 北京卷）She is always the first student ________ (volunteer) for community‑service activities. 答案与解析 1. to discover 抽象名词`chance`后接不定式作后置定语学科网。 2.to rent 不定式作后置定语修饰 clothes，表示用途 “供租用”21世纪教...。 3. to teach 不定式作后置定语修饰 tool。 4.to be completed work 与 complete 被动，不定式被动表有待完成。 5. to volunteer 序数词`the first`修饰名词，用不定式作后置定语。 考点清单五、不定式作状语三种典型用法 要点精讲1： 1.不定式作目的状语，多用于to do, so as to do, in order to do结构。 2.注意逻辑主语一致性，位于句末前边不能有逗号。 要点精讲2： 1.不定式作结果状语，多用于too…to, enough to do, only/never to do, so…as to, such as to等结构。 2.该结构关联性很强，注意抓住关键词作答。 要点精讲3： 1.不定式用于be+ adj+to do构成的反射不定式； 2.该结构不定式主动形式表示被动意义。 【即时训练】 1.（2024 新高考 Ⅰ 卷真题）The design features ten steel “sepals”. These sepals open on warm days ________ (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. 2.（2023 全国甲卷真题）For thousands of years, people have told fables ________ (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom广东省教育.... 3.（改编 2024 全国乙卷）He hurried to the exhibition hall, only ________ (tell) that all the tickets had been sold out. 4.（改编 2025 全国 Ⅰ 卷）The new material is light but strong and easy ________ (process) under normal temperatures. 5.（改编 2023 新高考 Ⅱ 卷）He climbed up onto the balcony ________ (see) the children playing in the yard below. 答案 & 解析 1. to give 不定式作目的状语：萼片张开，**为了**给植物提供阳光。 2.to teach 不定式作目的状语，与后文`to pass on`并列广东省教育...。 3. to be told only to do`表出乎意料的结果；他 “被告知”，不定式被动。 4. to process be + adj. + to do`反射不定式，主动形式表被动含义。 5. to see 不定式作目的状语，爬上去目的是看孩子们玩耍。 考点清单六、不定式作表语典型用法 要点精讲： 不定式作表语起解释说明作用。主语有实义动词do,作表语的不定式可省to。 If you are wrong, the least thing you can do is (to) apologize. 如果你做错了，你可以做的至少是道歉。 The only thing that he can do now is (to) abandon the plan. 现在他唯一能做的事情是放弃这个计划。 【即时训练】 1.（改编 2024 全国甲卷）The main goal of national parks is ________ (protect) native wildlife and natural landscapes. 2.（改编 2025 北京卷）My ambition after graduation is ________ (contribute) to environmental‑protection projects. 3.（改编 2023 全国乙卷）All you need to do is ________ (keep) an open‑mind when facing different cultural traditions. 4.（改编 2024 浙江 1 月卷）One practical solution is ________ (reduce) unnecessary consumption in daily life. 5.（改编 2025 全国 Ⅰ 卷）The function of this exhibition is ________ (build) bridges between Go culture and modern‑day art. 答案 & 解析 1. to protect 不定式作表语，解释 goal 的具体内容。 2.to contribute 不定式作表语解释 ambition。 3. (to) keep 主语含有实义动词 do，表语不定式符号 to 可省略。 4. to reduce 不定式作表语解释 solution。 5.to build 不定式作表语，说明 function 的内容。 考点清单七、不定式的三种典型省略用法 要点精讲 1： 1.感官动词和使役动词接不定式作宾补时省略to（注意被动语态中to应加上）； 2.巧记--注意让迈克听听看看这块表有啥感觉 notice, let, make, hear, listen to, see, observe, watch, have, feel 要点精讲2：下列句型常省略to： may as well do sth 最好还是做…… had better do 最好做某事 do nothing but do sth 别无选择只好做某事 can’t help but do sth. 禁不住做某事 Why not do sth? 何不做某事？ prefer to do…rather than do sth, 宁愿做……而不愿做…… would rather do…than do… 宁愿做……而不愿做…… 要点精讲3： 1.在一定的上下文中，为了避免重复，有时不定式可以省略，但通常保留不定式符号to。 2.注意，不定式后面是动词be时，be应保留。 ⚠️对比：`have no choice but to do`，句中无实义 do，不能省 to 3. 避免重复：上下文重复，保留 to，省略后面动词；若原动词是 be，则`to be`完整保留。 考点清单八、动词不定式的复杂形式 不定式的否定式、完成式和被动式 （以动词find为例） 内容 主动语态 被动语态 否定式 一般式 to find to be found not to find 进行式 to be finding --- --- 完成式 to have found to have been found not to have found 【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. The boy pretended _____________(read) the book when the teacher came in. 2. The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle ___________(hear). 3. He got up early this morning so as _____________(catch)the early train. 4. The engine just won't start. Something seems __________(go) wrong with it. 5. I happened ______________(wait) for the bus when the accident happened.  6. His works are reported to____________________(translate) into 20 languages in the past decade. 7. The manager is believed ______________ (arrive) back from Paris where he met some European business partners. 8. The resolution encouraged this arrangement ____________(take) into account when future calendars of conferences and meetings are drafted. 9. I don’t know whether you happen ______________ (hear), but I’m going to study in the U.S. this September. 10. When asked why he went there, he said he was sent there ____________ (train) for a space flight. 【答案与解析】 1. to be reading。pretend to be doing假装正在做某事。故答案是to be reading。 2. to be heard。struggle to do努力做某事。故答案是to be heard。 3. to catch。so as to do sth为了做某事。故答案是to catch。 4. to have gone。结合语境该动作已发生，故答案是to have gone。 5. to be waiting。句意：事故发生时，我碰巧正好在等公共汽车。happen to be doing表示“碰巧正在做某事”。 故答案是to be waiting。 6. to have been translated。 句意：据报道，在过去十年中，他的作品已被翻译成20种语言。故答案是 7. to have arrived。句意：据信，这位经理是从巴黎回来的，在那里他会见了一些欧洲商业伙伴。故答案是to have been translated。 8. to be taken。句意：该决议鼓励在起草今后的会议日历时考虑到这一安排。 故答案是to be taken。 9. to have heard。句意：我不知道你是否听说过，但我今年九月要去美国留学。故答案是to have heard。 10. to be trained。句意：当被问及为什么去那里时，他说他被派往那里接受太空飞行训练。故答案是to be trained。 基础固本练（限时：25分钟） 分层训练（一）高考真题通关 考点一：考查动词不定式短语作目的状语 1. （2025新课标II卷）…denying me the chance ________(discover) one of the great wonders of sunshine… 答案：to discover（作定语） 2.（2024新课标I卷）The design features ten steel “sepals (萼片)” made of glass and aluminium (铝). These sepals open on warm days 58 (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. 答案：to give 考查非谓语动词。句意：温室在温暖的日子里开放，利用液压系统为内部植物提供阳光和通风。use sth. to do sth.为固定搭配，表示“使用某物去做某事”，所以空处应用动词不定式形式作宾语补足语。故填to give。 3.（2024九省联考卷）He knows that computers are here (stay) and that they will not disappear. 答案: to stay 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：他知道电脑会一直存在，不会消失。be here to stay是一个固定短语，表示“固定下来; 普遍认可; 成为风尚”。故填to stay。 4.（2024浙江1月卷）The shelves in most supermarkets are full of family-size this and multi-buy that. However, if you’re shopping for one, buying extra (benefit) from price reductions doesn’t make sense. 答案: to benefit 【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：然而，如果你是想买一件，那么多买一件来享受降价是没有意义的。根据“buying extra”和“from price reductions”可知，此处是指多买一件来享受降价，所以应用to do不定式作目的状语。故填to benefit。 5.（2023全国甲卷）For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言) __________ (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom. 答案：to teach 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：几千年来，人们通过讲寓言来传授知识或传授智慧。根据句意可知，此处表达“来传授知识和智慧”，所以用不定式作目的状语。故填to teach。 6.（2022新课标I卷）The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that were previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority __________ (increase) effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management. 答案: to increase 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区，将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构，以提高效率，减少管理上的不一致性。设空处在句中作非谓语，做目的状语，应用动词的不定式的形式。故填to increase。 7.（2024 新高考 Ⅰ 卷）These sepals open on warm days ________(give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. 答案：to give（目的状语） 8.（2024 全国甲卷）…the national parks, in particular, tend ________(catch) our attention… 答案：to catch（作宾语） 9. （2023 新高考 Ⅰ 卷）…you have to decide whether ________(bite) a small hole in it first… 答案：to bite（作宾语） 10.（2024 新高考 Ⅱ 卷）…visitors …were often amazed ________(find) the connection between the two great writers. 答案：to find（作状语） 考点二：考查动词不定式短语作定语 12.（2024北京卷）Slowing down can contribute significantly to personal growth. Taking the time ___11___ (rest) allows us to develop a deeper sense of self-awareness. 答案: to rest 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：花时间休息可以让我们发展出更深层次的自我意识。take (the) time to do sth.为固定搭配，表示“花时间做某事”，所以空处应用动词不定式形式。故填to rest。 13.（2022全国甲卷）A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an, as a first step __________ (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot. 答案: to journey 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：近日，一名来自北京的盲人徒步40天来到西安，作为“一带一路”徒步旅行的第一步。分析句子结合句意可知，journey为动词，表示“旅行”，step前面有序数词，应用不定式，作后置定语。故填to journey。 14.（2022北京卷）As Helen walked on, she heard a man charging towards her. Fearful that he might have an intention __________ (harm) her, Helen started to run. 答案: to harm 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：海伦担心他可能有意伤害她，便开始快跑。分析句子结构，可知空处应填非谓语动词的形式，have an intention to do sth.意为“有意向做某事”，固定搭配，不定式作后置定语。故填to harm。 15.（2021北京卷）Much of this increase can be due to climate change. The findings show a critical need (invest) in disaster prevention. 答案: to invest 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：研究结果表明, 急需投资于灾害预防。根据语境可知, 此处表示未来的动作, 应用不定式, 作后置定语。故填to invest。 16.(2020·浙江卷) Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology __________ (change)lives. 答案: to change 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：农业让人们第一次体验到技术改变生活的力量。分析句子，简单句中已有动词gave故提示词部分需用非谓语动词。分析句意，此处需用不定式作定语。故填to change。 17. (2019·全国II卷)Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene declared she had no plans __________(retire) from her 36-year-old business. 答案: to retire 【解析】考查不定式作定语。此处用to do sth.作后置定语，用来修饰前面的名词plan，表示“……的计划”，故填to retire。 考点三：考查动词不定式短语作主语 18.（2021全国甲卷）It is possible __________ (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers. 答案: to walk 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在观察了城墙上所有的防御设备后，我们决定是时候采取行动了，还有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。分析句子可知，此处为句型“it +be+adj+to do sth.”，it为形式主语，动词walk的不定式短语作真正主语。故填to walk。 19.（2020北京卷）It takes them hundreds of years __________ (break) down. Many of these bags end up in the ocean where larger ones can trap sea creatures, such as turtles and dolphins. 答案: to break 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：它们用几百年的时间才分解。固定句型It takes sb./sth. +一段时间+ to do sth.（花某人/物多长时间干某事），此处用动词不定式（to do ）作真正主语，It形式主语。故填to break。 考点四：考查动词不定式短语作宾语 20.（2024全国甲卷）Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend 61 (catch) our attention because of their large size and variety. 答案: to catch 考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管村子任何层级的各种规模和类型的公园，但特别是国家公园，由于其规模大、种类多，往往会引起我们的注意。固定搭配：tend to do sth.，表示“倾向于做某事”，不定式作宾语，故填to catch。 21.（2023新课标I卷）To eat one, you have to decide whether (bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出), or to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue. 答案: to bite 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：吃小笼包的时候，你必须要决定是先咬一个小口流出汤汁，还是把整个小笼包放进嘴里，让热汤在舌头上爆炸。decide to do sth.“决定做某事”，用不定式作宾语，空处与后面to put并列作宾语，故填to bite。 22.（2023新课标I卷）Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them ___________ (lift) out of the steamer basket without allowing them tearing or spilling any of their contents. 答案：to be lifted 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：除了南翔，最好的小笼包有一个精致的，可以让它们从蒸笼篮中拿出来，而不会撕裂或溢出里面的东西。根据搭配allow sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事”可知，空格需用动词不定式作宾语补足语，补足语lift out与宾语them（指代小笼包）是逻辑上的动宾关系，空格需填动词不定式的被动式to be lifted。故填to be lifted。 23.（2022新课标II卷）He saved my son’s life," said Mrs. Brown. "I don't know __________to thank him.” 答案: how 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我不知道如何去感谢他。根据句子结构，设空处填写的是特殊疑问词+to do不定式结构作宾语。根据句意，how意为“如何”，符合句意。故填how。 24.（2022浙江1月卷）That approach brought Cobb's air travel last year down by 75%, and she plans __________ (continue) the practice. 答案: to continue 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：他打算继续这个实践。动词plan后面跟动词不定式，plan to do sth“计划做”，故填to continue。 25.（2021全国乙卷）Komodo National Park, officially recognized in 1980, is popular for ecotourism because of its unique biodiversity. Activities there range from whale watching to hiking (远足) and accommodations aim __________ (have) a low impact on the natural environment. 答案: to have 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：那里的活动从观鲸到徒步旅行并且住宿宗旨是对自然环境影响达到很小。固定短语aim to do译为“旨在，目的是”。故填to have。 考点五：考查动词不定式短语作宾语补足语 26.（2024新课标II卷）Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international visibility, said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed ___63___ (find) the connection between the two great writers. 答案: to find 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：Edmondson说，这些文化元素提高了斯特拉特福德的国际知名度，并补充说，游客们穿过故居花园时，常常惊讶于这两位伟大作家之间的联系。非谓语动词担当形容词“amazed”后的原因状语，用动词不定式形式。故填to find。 27.（2022浙江卷）Through touch, the one thing gallery signs tell you not __________ (do). 答案: to do 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：通过触摸，这是画廊招牌告诉你不要做的一件事。tell sb not to do sth“告诉某人不要做某事”为固定短语。故填to do。 28.（2020浙江1月卷）Something significant is happening to the world population-it is aging. The median(中位数的)age of an American in 1950 was 30; today it is 41 and is expected __________ (increase)to 42 by 2050. 答案: to increase 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意同上。根据短语be expected to do sth.“被期望做某事”后跟不定式，故填to increase。 考点六：考查动词不定式主动形式被动意义 29.（2020全国II卷）Bamboo plants are associated with health, abundance and a happy home. They are easy__________ (care) for and make great presents. 答案: to care 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：它们很容易照顾，也很适合作为礼物。这里考查“be +形容词 + to do”结构。故填to care。 分层训练（二）动词不定式易混对比十组 Group 1 1. “Keep silent!” the monitor told the boys to stop_________ (talk). 2. The girl walked so tiredly that she stopped_________ (have) a rest. 答案与解析： 1. talking。考查非谓语动词用法。stop doing 表示“停止做某事”。 2. to talk。考查非谓语动词用法。stop to do表示“停止一件事去做另一件事”。 Group 2 3. Mr Li is said _________ (study) abroad. But I don't know which country he studied in. 4. Mr Li is said _________ (study) abroad. But I don't know which country he is studying in. 答案与解析： 3. to have studied。考查非谓语动词用法。首先考查be said to do句型；he studied in暗示该动作已经完成，故应用不定式完成式。 4. to be studying。考查非谓语动词用法。首先考查be said to do句型；he is studying in暗示该动作正在进行，故应用不定式进行式。 Group 3 5. The little girl had no choice but _______(stay) at home. 6. The little girl could do nothing but ______ (stay) at home. 答案与解析： 5. to stay。考查非谓语动词用法。have no choice but to do sth表示“别无选择只好做某事”。 6. stay。考查非谓语动词用法。do nothing but do sth. 表示“别无选择只好做某事”。 Group 4 7. After a rest, we went on _______the same problem. 8. After a rest, we went on_______(do)the next problem. 答案与解析： 7. doing。考查非谓语动词用法。go on doing sth。表示“中断之后继续做同一件事”。 8. to do。考查非谓语动词用法。go on to do sth。表示“一件事后继续做另一件事”。 Group 5 9. The little boy would like _____(take) her to the cinema. 10. The little boy would like ______(take) to the cinema. 答案与解析： 9. to take。考查非谓语动词用法。would like/love to do…是固定句型，表示“想做某事”。 10. to be taken。考查非谓语动词用法。would like/love to be done…是固定句型，表示“想要被做”。 Group 6 11. This is an important letter. Don't forget _________(post) it this afternoon. 12. Don't look for the letter. You must have forgotten _________(post) it this after afternoon. 答案与解析： 11. to post。考查非谓语动词用法。forget to do表示“忘记去做某事（未做）”。 12. posting。考查非谓语动词用法。forget doing表示“忘记做了某事（已做）”。 Group 7 13. Why not try_________ (do) the maths problem in another way? 14. When I was at school, I tried_________ (learn) English well. 答案与解析： 13. doing。考查非谓语动词用法。try doing…表示“试着做……”，强调行动。 14. to learn。考查非谓语动词用法。try to do…表示“试图做某事……”，强调目标，未必成功。 Group 8 15. He rushed to the railway station, only___________ (tell) that the train had left. 16. He rushed to the railway station, only___________(find) that the train had left. 答案与解析： 15. to be told。考查非谓语动词用法。only to do 常作结果状语，表示出乎预料的结果，被动含义。 16. to find。考查非谓语动词用法。only to do 常作结果状语，表示出乎预料的结果。 Group 9 17. I regret_________ (not study) hard at school. 18. We regret_________ (say) that we can’t go to your birthday party. 答案与解析： 17. not having studied。考查非谓语动词用法。regret doing表示“后悔做了某事（已做）”。 18. to say。考查非谓语动词用法。regret to do表示“对将要做的事情表示遗憾（未做）”。 Group 10 19. I prefer_________ (walk) to_________ (ride) in a bus. 20. I prefer_________ (walk )rather than____(ride) in a bus. 答案与解析： 19.walking; riding。考查非谓语动词用法。prefer do…to doing…是固定句型，表示“宁愿……不愿……”。 20.to walk, ride。考查非谓语动词用法。prefer to do rather than do sth. 是固定句型，表示“宁愿做……不愿做……”。 分类通关（三）动词不定式助力应用文写作 书面表达句式升级：请运用动词不定式翻译下列各句。 1. (2024浙江1月)下次上课时如果你觉得有点累，记得站起来伸展身体！ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 2. (2023全国乙) 学会编制帮助我提高创造性和解决问题的技巧。 ____________________________________________________________________________________ 3. (2023新高考I) 因此我想知道有没有可能允许我们随意选择搭档。 ____________________________________________________________________________________ 4. (2022全国乙)因为缺乏自律，他们更容易对网上聊天或打游戏上瘾。 ____________________________________________________________________________________ 5.(2022全国乙) 目前，随着智能手机和电脑日益普及，越来越多学生正选择在教室之外以各种方式学英语。 ____________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 1. Next time you feel a bit tired during class, remember to stand up and stretch! 2. Learning to knit helped me develop my creativity and problem-solving skills. 3. So I was wondering if it is possible to allow us to choose the partner as we wish. 4. Because of their lack of self-discipline, they’re more easily addicted to chatting online or playing games. 5. Nowadays, with the growing popularity of smartphones and computers, an increasing number of students are choosing to learn English beyond the classroom in various ways. 分类通关（四）动词不定式助力读后续写 1. (2024浙江1月)不知不觉，她找到了去图书馆或自助餐厅的路，没有迷路。 1. Before she knew it, she was able to find her way to the library or cafeteria without getting lost. 2. (2024浙江1月)她刚一回到迷乱的迷宫，就开始探索一楼。 2. No sooner had she returned to the confusing maze than she set out to explore the first floor. 3. (2024浙江1月)从那时起，伊娃不再被这座建筑的大小所压倒，而是将其视为一项需要克服的挑战。 3. From then on, Eva was no longer overwhelmed by the size of the building, but instead saw it as a challenge to overcome. 4. (2023新高考I)直到我参加了颁奖典礼并拿到了证书，我还是觉得很难相信。 4. I still found it hard to believe until I attended the award presentation and got my certificate. 5. (2023新高考I)我紧紧地拥抱着他，无法表达他对我的信任有多重要。 5. I hugged him tightly, unable to express just how much his faith in me had meant. 6. (2023新高考I)老师是我人生旅程中的希望灯塔，激励我把“不可能”变成“可能”。 6. The teacher was a beacon of hope on my life journey, inspiring me to transform the “impossible” into “possible”. 7. (2023浙江1月)我花了一下午的时间探索农场，和朋友们聊天，希望能一睹这只小鸟的风采。 7. I spent the afternoon exploring the farm and chatting with my friends, hoping to catch a glimpse of the little bird. 8. (2023浙江1月)我正要离开时，蜂鸟出现了。 8. I was just about to leave when the hummingbird appeared. 9. (2022新高考I)言语无法表达我的感受。我只是用一个大大的拥抱向他表示祝贺。 9. Words failed to convey my feeling. I just congratulated him with a big hug. 10. (2022新高考I)在我的鼓励下，大卫下定决心参加这次大型越野跑。 10. Encouraged by me, David made up his mind to participate in the big cross-country run. 综合进阶练（限时：15分钟） 一、语法填空 （注意分析空格处所充当的句子成分） (2026·甘肃庆阳高三上期中)The Double Ninth Festival，also known as Chongyang Festival，falls on the ninth day of the ninth month on the traditional Chinese calendar and is a traditional occasion in China to honor and show respect for 1.　________　 elderly.This year，the festival falls on October 29.On Saturday，Beijing’s Chaoyang District launched its “Respect for the Elderly Month”­themed event，aimed 2.　________　 promoting the virtues of filial piety and fostering an elderly­friendly society.The event featured a 3.　________　 (vary) of programs with cutting­edge technology.During the event，certificates 4.　________　 (award) to the “Filial Stars” and outstanding caregivers of Chaoyang District.Flags were also presented to six volunteer service teams under the district’s “Silver Age Action” program.One of the highlights of the event was the 5.　________　 (office) launch of Beijing’s first “Age­Friendly Smart Experience Center”，now open to the public.6.　________　 (serve) as Chaoyang District’s model home for aging adaptation，the center brings together innovative achievements of over 20 technology companies.It 7.　________　 (integrate) immersive concentrated display experiences，technology innovation releases，and industry connections with home aging adaptation and elderly care solutions.Through live interactions and offline salons，the center aims to build a smart elderly care service system. The event also featured a song­and­dance performance 8.　________　 blended tradition and technology.In the song­and­dance piece “When the Moonlight”，a Yushu robot performed with graceful agility，moving 9.　________　 (harmony) with elderly dancers，making it the most innovative program of the event.In the exhibition hall，various elderly service organizations offered demonstrations，allowing the elderly to understand and experience the new services firsthand.Multiple digital platforms have opened new windows for lifelong learning for the elderly.Several cultural technology companies introduced smart apps designed 10.　________　 (enrich) the spiritual and cultural lives of seniors. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍重阳节及北京朝阳区“敬老月”活动，包括特色项目、智能体验中心及科技融合的表演。 1．the　考查冠词。句意：重阳节，又称重九节，在农历九月初九，是中国传统的敬老、尊老节日。此处为固定搭配“the elderly”，特指“老年人”这一群体，用定冠词the。故填the。 2．at　考查介词。句意：本周六，北京市朝阳区启动了“敬老月”主题活动，旨在弘扬孝道美德，营造敬老爱老的社会氛围。此处为固定搭配“be aimed at”，意为“旨在、目的是”，后接动名词作宾语，所以用介词at。故填at。 3．variety　考查名词。句意：活动包含多个融合前沿科技的特色项目。此处为固定搭配“a variety of”，意为“各种各样的”，用vary的名词形式variety。故填variety。 4．were awarded　考查动词语态。句意：活动期间，朝阳区为“孝星”和优秀护理员颁发了证书。此处为谓语动词，描述过去(活动期间)发生的事情，用一般过去时；且certificates与award为被动关系，主语为复数，所以谓语动词为were awarded。故填were awarded。 5．official　考查形容词。句意：活动的亮点之一是北京首个“适老智慧体验中心”正式启动，目前已对公众开放。此处修饰名词launch，用office的形容词形式official，意为“正式的”。故填official。 6．Serving　考查非谓语动词。句意：该中心作为朝阳区适老化改造示范基地，汇集了20多家科技企业的创新成果。此处为非谓语动词，the center与serve为主动关系(“中心充当示范基地”)，用现在分词serving作状语，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Serving。 7．integrates　考查动词时态。句意：它融合了沉浸式集中展示体验、科技创新发布、行业对接与居家适老化改造及养老解决方案。此处为谓语动词，描述中心的客观功能，用一般现在时；主语It为单数，所以谓语动词为integrates。故填integrates。 8．that/which　考查定语从句。句意：活动还上演了一场融合传统与科技的歌舞表演。此处为关系词引导的定语从句，先行词为a song­and­dance performance，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，用关系代词that或which。故填that/which。 9．harmoniously　考查副词。句意：在歌舞节目《当月光》中，玉树机器人动作优雅灵活，与老年舞者协调配合，成为活动中最具创新性的节目。此处修饰动词moving，用harmony的副词形式harmoniously，意为“协调地”。故填harmoniously。 10．to enrich　考查非谓语动词。句意：多家文化科技公司推出了智能应用程序，旨在丰富老年人的精神文化生活。此处为非谓语动词作状语，“设计应用程序”的目的是“丰富生活”，用动词不定式to enrich作目的状语。故填to enrich。 专题01-2 定语从句 01 期中考情透视 02 复习目标锚定 03 知识体系构建 04 核心考点精讲 考点清单一、关系代词 that 和 which 典型用法归纳 考点清单二、关系代词 whose, who, whom 典型用法归纳 考点清单三、关系副词 where 典型用法归纳 考点清单四、关系副词 when 典型用法归纳 考点清单五、关系副词 why 典型用法归纳 考点清单六、区分先行词作状语还是宾语 考点清单七、关系代词 as 典型用法归纳 考点清单八、定语从句 “介词 + 关系代词” 用法归纳 考点清单九、定语从句中的主谓一致用法归纳 考点清单十、分割型定语从句及强调句型、名词性从句变式考查 05 限时分层演练 基础固本练 / 综合进阶练 本专题核心考点定语的定义、三要素、分类（限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句），关系代词和关系副词的用法。命题上常结合语法填空、阅读理解长难句、完形填空语义搭配、写作句子结构等真实题型设置情境。整体以基础送分为主，需要进一步学习as的用法、“介词 + 关系代词” 用法、定语从句中的主谓一致用法、区分which与that 引导的定语从句，是拉开分差的关键点。 。 识记 准确理解定语从句的概念，先行词和关系词，限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。 理解 精准辨析易混成分：as的用法、“介词 + 关系代词” 用法、定语从句中的主谓一致用法、区分which与that 引导的定语从句。 应用 能在语法填空中判断定语从句的结构；能拆分阅读理解长难句主干；能写出结构正确且逻辑通顺的定语从句升格英语写作表达。 定语从句关系词 非限制性定语从句 考点一 关系代词 that 和 which 典型用法归纳 要点精讲 1：只用 that，不用 which 的 6 种场景 只用 that 的场景： 1. 先行词既有人又有物 eg.The horse and its rider that you told me are admired by us all. 2. 先行词被序数词修饰 eg.This is the first film that I have seen since I moved here. 3. 先行词被最高级修饰 eg.The TV tower is the highest building that has been built in this city. 4. 先行词为 all, nothing, anything, much, little 等不定代词 eg.All that glitters is not gold. 5. 先行词被 only/very/all/little 修饰 eg.This is the very pen that I am looking for. 6.主句以 who /which 开头的疑问句 | *Which book is the one that you recommended? 【 即时训练】 1. 【改编 2024 新课标 Ⅰ 卷】The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design…along the Silk Route ____ brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to define much of the richness of gardening in England. 2. This is the most touching story ____ I have ever read. 3. All ____ you have done will leave a mark on your growth. 4. Is there anything ____ we can do to reduce waste in daily life? 5. Which is the novel ____ interests you most among these works? 答案 & 解析 1. that/which；先行词 the Silk Route 指物，从句缺主语，二者均可。 2. that；先行词被形容词最高级修饰，只用 that。 3. that；先行词 all 不定代词，只用 that。 4. that；先行词 anything 不定代词，只用 that。 5. that；主句以 which 开头疑问句，只用 that。 要点精讲 2：只用 which，不用 that 的 2 种场景 只用 which ： 1.非限制性定语从句（逗号隔开） | *Jim passed the driving test, which surprised everybody in the office. 2.介词 + 关系代词结构 | *Is this the room in which Mr. White lives? 【即时训练】 1.【2024 全国甲卷】Yellowstone was the largest United States national park —2.2 million acres—until Wrangell‑Saint Elias in southern Alaska, ____ became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres. 2. Thank you for your email, ____ really cheered me up. 3. The house in ____ we lived ten years ago has been pulled down. 4. The poem ____ he translated is popular among teenagers. 5. He failed the exam again, ____ made his parents very upset. 答案 & 解析 1. which；逗号非限制性定语从句，不能用 that。 2. which；非限制性定语从句指代整件事。 3. which；介词 in 之后只用 which。 4. that/which；限制性从句，先行词 the poem 在从句作宾语。 5. which；非限制性定语从句指代前面整件事。 要点精讲 3：the way 作先行词表方式状语 从句缺方式状语：`the way that / in which / 省略`；that 在这里相当于关系副词 in which，不作代词。 例句：The way (that/in which) he explains the sentence is quite simple. 【即时训练】 1. I don’t like the way ____ you treat your classmates. 2. The way in ____ he solves problems deserves our learning. 3. The way ____ attracts me most is his positive attitude.（从句缺主语！） 4. 【2024 浙江 1 月卷】Of course, shops are not charities — they price goods in the way ____ will make them the most money. 5. I admire the way ____ she faces difficulties bravely. 答案 & 解析 1. that/in which / 不填；the way 作方式状语。 2. which；固定搭配 in which。 3. that/which；从句缺少主语，关系代词，不是状语！ 4. that/which；从句缺少主语，先行词 the way 作从句主语，用关系代词。 5. that/in which / 不填；the way 作方式状语。 考点二 关系代词 whose, who, whom 典型用法归纳 要点精讲 1：whose 用法 1. whose 在从句中作定语，表所属，先行词可以是人 / 物； 2. 替换公式：`whose + n = the + n + of whom/which = of whom/which + the + n`； 3. 特殊结构：`介词 + whose + n` 例句： He has written a book whose name I have completely forgotten. Look at the building, whose roof = the roof of which = of which the roof is red. 【即时训练】 1.【2020 全国 Ⅲ 卷】In ancient China lived an artist ____ paintings were almost lifelike. 2. 【改编 2023 全国乙卷】She picked a box ____ picture showed a young lady with perfect hair color. 3. This is Mr. Li, with ____ help I have made steady progress in oral English. 4. The village, ____ houses are built along the river, draws thousands of tourists every year. 5. A company ____ products are popular among teenagers must attach importance to innovation. 答案 & 解析 1. whose；作 paintings 的定语，“画家的画作”。 2. whose；作 picture 的定语，“盒子上的图片”。 3. whose；固定搭配 with one’s help。 4. whose；先行词 village，“村庄的房屋”。 5. whose；先行词 company，“公司的产品”。 要点精讲 2：who /whom 用法 1. who：从句作**主语**，先行词指人；句型：*Those who… / Anyone who… 2. whom：从句作**宾语**，先行词指人；可用于`介词+whom`，who 不能放介词后。 例句： Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up here. The person to whom you just talked is Mr. Depp. 【即时训练】 1.【2024 新课标 Ⅱ 卷】Chinese cultural elements commemorating Tang Xianzu, ____ is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia”, add an international character to Stratford‑upon‑Avon. 2. The volunteers to ____ we offered thanks devoted much time to community service. 3. Anyone ____ wants to join the club shall fill in the application form. 4. Those ____ break the rules shall be punished. 5. The girl ____ we met at the station majors in traditional Chinese medicine. 答案 & 解析 1. who；非限制性定语从句，先行词指人，从句作主语。 2. whom；介词 to 后只能用 whom。 3. who；Anyone who 固定句型，从句作主语。 4. who；Those who 固定句型。 5. whom/who/that；从句作宾语，可省略。 考点清单三、关系副词 where 典型用法归纳 要点精讲 1. where 在从句作地点状语，从句主谓 / 主谓宾结构完整（不缺主宾）； 2. 先行词可以是具体地点：school, museum； 3. 抽象地点高频先行词 高考高频）：point, case, situation, stage, position, job, letter。 例句： We have reached the point where a change is needed. I don’t want a job where I’m chained to a desk all day. 【即时训练】 1. 【2020 全国 Ⅰ 卷】…China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot ____ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. 2. We have got into a situation ____ we have to make an immediate decision. 3. The case ____ you mentioned at the meeting needs further discussion.（从句缺宾语！） 4. This is the office ____ my father has worked for twenty years. 5. He wrote a long letter ____ he described his travel experience in Tibet. 答案 & 解析 1. where；先行词 spot 抽象地点，从句完整，作地点状语。 2. where；先行词 situation 抽象地点，从句成分完整。 3. that/which；从句中 mention 缺少宾语，用关系代词，不用 where。 4. where；office 地点名词，从句完整，作地点状语。 5. where；先行词 letter 抽象地点概念，“在信中”，从句完整。 考点清单四、关系副词 when 典型用法归纳 要点精讲 1. when 在从句作**时间状语**，从句句子完整； 2. 先行词：具体时间 day/month/year；抽象时间 age, stay, occasion； 3. 分割定语从句：先行词和 when 被主句谓语隔开。 例句： There are occasions when one must yield. The days are gone when physical strength was all you needed to make a living. 【即时训练【 1. I will never forget the summer holiday ____ I spent in Yunnan.（从句缺宾语） 2. There was a time ____ many young people were crazy about short‑video apps. 3. The days are gone ____ people depended heavily on letters for communication.（分割定语从句） 4. Do you still remember the moment ____ we first met on campus? 5. The stay ____ I enjoyed local folk culture impressed me deeply. 答案 & 解析 1. that/which；spent 缺少宾语，关系代词，不用 when。 2. when；先行词 time，从句完整，作时间状语。 3. when；分割型定语从句，先行词 the days，从句完整。 4. when；先行词 moment，从句完整，时间状语。 5. when；先行词 stay 抽象时间，从句完整。 考点清单五、关系副词 why 典型用法归纳 要点精讲 1. why 在从句作**原因状语**，先行词一般 the reason；句型 *The reason why…is that…* 2. 若从句谓语是及物动词，缺少宾语，不能用 why，改用 that/which。 例句： The reason why he is late is that he failed to catch the first bus. The reason that he gave for being late is that he failed to catch the first bus. 【即时训练】 1. Do you know the reason ____ he refused our invitation? 2. The reason ____ he explained at the conference was not convincing.（explain 缺宾语） 3. The reason ____ many teenagers are anxious is that they face huge study pressure. 4. Is this the exact reason ____ accounts for his strange behaviour?（从句缺主语） 5. The reason ____ he resigned is that he wanted to pursue further study. 答案 & 解析 1. why；从句完整，the reason 作原因状语。 2. that/which；explain 及物动词缺宾语，不用 why。 3. why；从句完整，原因状语。 4. that/which；从句缺少主语，关系代词。 5. why；固定句型 the reason why…is that… 考点清单六、如何区分先行词作状语还是宾语 解题核心口诀： 从句缺主语 / 宾语 → 用关系代词 that/which/who/whom 从句主谓完整，不缺主宾→ 用关系副词 where/when/why 易错提醒：看到地点名词不一定用 where；看到时间名词不一定用 when！ 【即时训练】 1. Do you remember the years ____ we lived together in the countryside?（从句完整） 2. Do you remember the years ____ we spent together in the countryside?（spent 缺宾语） 3. Is this the factory ____ my uncle once worked?（从句完整） 4. Is this the factory ____ we visited last summer vacation?（visit 缺宾语） 5. The reason ____ he put forward is totally unacceptable.（put forward 缺宾语） 答案 & 解析 1. when；从句完整，时间状语。 2. that/which；spent 缺少宾语，关系代词。 3. where；从句完整，地点状语。 4. that/which；visit 缺少宾语。 5. that/which；put forward 缺少宾语，不能填 why。 考点清单七、关系代词 as 典型用法归纳 要点精讲 1：限制性定语从句 as 1. 用作关系代词，引导限制性定语从句，作从句的主语、宾语； 2. 用于such…as…, so…as…, the same…as…, the same…that句型。注意定语从句关系词作主语或宾语，而so…that…, such…that…引导结果状语从句，that只起连接作用不作句子成分。 3. 注意the same…as…强调“和……是同一类”；the same…that…强调“和……是同一个”。 例句： This is the same dictionary as I lost yesterday.（同类） He is the same boy that helped me yesterday.（同一个人） 【即时训练】 1. Such books ____ you recommended are well worth reading. 2. It is such a moving story ____ many readers are touched to tears.（从句完整） 3. This is the same bag ____ I bought last month.（同款另一只） 4. This is the same bag ____ I lost yesterday.（就是丢失的那一只） 5. It is so difficult a problem ____ nobody can work out.（work out 缺宾语） 答案 & 解析 1. as；such…as 限制性定语从句，as 作 recommend 宾语。 2. that；such…that 结果状语从句，从句完整。 3. as；the same…as 同一类物品。 4. that；the same…that 同一个实物。 5. as；so…as 定语从句，as 充当 work out 的宾语。 要点精讲 2：as 引导非限制性定语从句 vs which 1. as用作关系代词，引导非限制性定语从。 2. 位于主句的前、中、后，强调前后逻辑一致，表示“正如……。 3. 从句多含有see, know, expect, tell, report等动词； 4. which和as用法区别： ①位置上：which从句只能位于主句之后，as从句位于主句的前、中、后； ②逻辑上：which强调前后不一；as强调前后逻辑一致，“正如”； ③句式上：which多用于“which+动词+宾语”句型；as多用于as we all know/see, as is often the case with sb等句型。 【即时训练】 1.【2023 全国甲卷】Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, ____ Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow”. 2. He got full marks in the final exam, ____ was expected by his teachers. 3. He tore up my note, ____ upset me greatly. 4. ____ is often the case, teenagers tend to be curious about new things. 5. The project, ____ we had hoped, turned out to be a big success. 答案 & 解析 1. as；正如……，as 引导非限制性定语从句。 2. as；正如预料，契合预期。 3. which；这件事使我恼火，不一定是预料之中。 4. As；as is often the case 固定句型，句首大写。 5. as；as we had hoped “正如我们所期望的”。 考点清单八、定语从句 “介词 + 关系代词” 用法归纳 要点精讲 1.先行词指人关系代词用whom，指物关系代词用which； 2.介词选择的原则：一看先行词特殊搭配，如to a degree；二看从句谓语动词搭配，如learn from；三看整个语境逻辑。特殊结构如in which case, with whose help等。 3.在特定情况下出现“介词+whose+名词”结构，whose作定语例句： I'll never forget the day on which we moved to our house. Mathematics is the subject in which I am most interested. 【即时训练】填介词 + 关系代词 1.【2026 全国 Ⅱ 卷】We move on to tai chi positions, of ____ there are forty‑two in the style that Angela teaches. 2. Do you remember the year in ____ we entered high school? 3. This is the girl from ____ I learned a great deal about volunteer work. 4. This is the coat for ____ she paid 800 yuan last winter. 5. Without ____ help, we couldn’t have finished the tough task ahead of time.（whose） 答案 & 解析 1. which；of which 结构，先行词 positions 指物，介词后只用 which。 2. which；in the year 固定搭配。 3. whom；learn from sb，from+whom。 4. which；pay money for sth 固定搭配。 5. whose；without whose help，“没有…… 的帮助”。 考点清单九、定语从句中的主谓一致用法归纳 要点精讲 1：先行词决定从句谓语 Anyone who does…* anyone 单数，从句谓语单数； Those who do…* those 复数，从句谓语复数； - I /you 作先行词，从句谓语和 I/you 保持一致。 要点精讲 2：one of /the only one of 高频考点 1. `one of +复数名词 + who/that + **复数谓语**`：先行词是复数名词； 2. `the only one of +复数名词 + who/that + **单数谓语**`：先行词是 the only one。 【即时训练】 1. Anyone who ____ (break) the school rules shall receive serious warning. 2. I, who ____ (be) your deskmate, will spare no effort to assist you. 3. He is one of the boys in our class who ____ (take) part in the national competition last year. 4. She is the only one of the students who ____ (win) the first prize twice so far. 5. Those who ____ (waste) food should be reminded of the value of grain. 答案 & 解析 1. breaks；anyone 单数，从句谓语单数。 2. am；先行词 I，谓语和 I 一致。 3. took；one of + 复数名词，先行词 boys 复数；last year 过去时。 4. has won；the only one of，先行词 the only one 单数；so far 现在完成时。 5. waste；those 作先行词，谓语复数。 考点清单十、分割型定语从句及强调句型、名词性从句变式考查 要点精讲 1. 分割定语从句：先行词与关系词被谓语、插入语隔开，找先行词不要只看紧邻名词。 The days are gone when physical strength was everything.* 2. 区分：定语从句（有关系词，修饰名词） vs 名词性从句（无先行词，从句充当主语 / 宾语 / 表语） vs 强调句 *It is…that…*（去掉 It is…that，句子完整） 【即时训练】 1. The days have passed ____ we could enjoy care‑free childhood.（分割定语从句） 2. It is on Sunday ____ we usually have group discussion.（强调句型！） 3. A story goes ____ ancient Chinese people invented paper during Han Dynasty.（同位语从句） 4. There are still many problems ____ remain to be solved in our daily life. 5. The time will come ____ humans can travel to Mars conveniently.（分割定语从句） 答案 & 解析 1. when；分割定语从句，先行词 the days。 2. that；强调句型，去掉 It is…that 句子完整。 3. that；同位语从句，解释 story 的内容，不是定语从句。 4. that/which；定语从句，problems 作从句主语。 5. when；分割定语从句，先行词 the time。 基础固本练（限时：25分钟） 分层训练（一）高考真题通关 1.【2026 全国 Ⅰ 卷】Drawn by the aroma of street food, they line up in front of stands ____ serve steaming dumplings and hot noodle soup. 答案：that/which；解析：先行词 stands，从句作主语。 2.【2026 浙江 1 月卷】…a scream ____ always ended in laughter. 答案：that/which；解析：先行词 a scream，从句作主语。 3.【2025 新高考 Ⅰ 卷】An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go, or weiqi in Chinese, ____ originated in China more than 4,000 years ago. 答案：which；解析：逗号非限制性定语从句，指代 Go，从句作主语，不能用 that。 4.【2025 浙江 1 月卷】Tanya is also looking beyond special‑occasion dresses to less formal clothing, ____ she plans to package as capsule wardrobes and offer to travellers. 答案：which；解析：非限制性定语从句，先行词 clothing，从句作宾语。 5.【2024 新课标 Ⅱ 卷】Chinese cultural elements commemorating Tang Xianzu, ____ is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia,” add an international character to Stratford‑upon‑Avon. 答案：who；解析：先行词指人，非限制性定语从句，作主语。 6.【2024 新课标 Ⅰ 卷】The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design…along the Silk Route ____ brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to define much of the richness of gardening in England. 答案：that/which；解析：限制性定语从句，先行词 the Silk Route 作主语。 7.【2024 全国甲卷】Yellowstone was the largest United States national park —2.2 million acres—until Wrangell‑Saint Elias in southern Alaska, ____ became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres. 答案：which；解析：非限制性定语从句，先行词是公园名称，作主语。 8.【2024 浙江 1 月卷】Of course, shops are not charities — they price goods in the way ____ will make them the most money. 答案：that/which；解析：the way 在从句充当主语，关系代词，不是 in which。 （二）定语从句易混对比十组 Group 1 1. The orphan came from Hainan Province, ___________ is far away from here. 2. The orphan came from Hainan Province, ___________ lost his parents when he was a baby. 1. which 考查定语从句关系词用法。这是非限制性定语从句，先行词是Hainan Province，指物，作主语，故填which。 2. who 考查定语从句关系词用法。这是非限制性定语从句，先行词是The orphan，指人，作主语，故填who。 Group 2 3. The house ___________ window faces south is for the doctor. 4. The house ___________ faces south is for the doctor. 3. whose 考查定语从句关系词用法。本题是定语从句，先行词window在句中作定语。故填whose。 4. that/which 考查定语从句关系词用法。本题是定语从句，先行词window在句中作主语，指物。故填that/which。 Group 3 5. ___________ is well-known that China is rich in natural resources. 6. ___________ is well-known to us all is that China is rich in natural resources. 5. It 考查主语从句的用法。It is well-known that…是固定句型，It作形式主语。故填It。 6. What 考查定语从句关系词用法。___________ is well-known to us all是主语从句，又缺少主语和连接词，故填What。 Group 4 7. ___________ who leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. 8. ___________ who leave the room last ought to turn off the lights. 7. Anyone 考查定语从句用法。Anyone who…是固定句型，从句谓语动词用单数形式。故填Anyone。 8. Those 考查定语从句用法。Those who…是固定句型，从句谓语动词用复数形式。故填Those。 Group 5 9. We’re just trying to reach a point ___________ both sides will sit down together and talk. 10. Remember that there is still one point ___________ we must make clear tomorrow. 9. where 考查定语从句关系词用法。定语从句有主语，不缺少宾语，因此先行词a point作抽象的地点状语。故填where。 10. that/which 考查定语从句关系词用法。先行词one point 在从句充当宾语，make…clear…把……弄清楚。故填that/which。 Group 6 11. He wrote a letter __________ explained what had happened in the accident. 12. He wrote a letter __________ he explained what had happened in the accident. 11. that/which 考查定语从句关系词用法。定语从句缺少主语，指物，故用that/which。 12. where 考查定语从句关系词用法。定语从句有主语和宾语，因此这里表示“在这封信中”，表示地点概念，故填where。 Group 7 13.I don’t like the way ___________ you speak to her. 14.I don’t like the way___________ isn’t scientific. 13. that 考查定语从句关系词用法。先行词the way在定语从句___________ you speak to her充当方式状语，可以填that或in which或省略that。 14. that/which 考查定语从句关系词用法。先行词the way在定语从句___________ isn’t scientific中作主语，指物，故填that/which。 Group 8 15. Chaplin acted in 82 films, many of ___________he wrote and directed himself. 16. Chaplin acted in 82 films; many of ___________he wrote and directed himself. 15. which 考查定语从句关系词用法。逗号是关键，理解为定语从句“介词+关系代词”结构，先行词指物，作宾语，故填which。 16. them 考查定语从句关系词用法。分号相当于and，因此前后应理解为并列句，故填them。 Group 9 17. The teacher didn’t know the reason ___________she was absent yesterday? 18. The teacher couldn’t accept the reason ___________ she explained yesterday? 17. why 考查定语从句关系词用法。先行词the reason在定语从句充当原因状语，故填why。 18. that/which 考查定语从句关系词用法。先行词the reason在定语从句充当宾语，explained是及物动词，缺少宾语。故填why。 Group 10 19. Los Angeles is such an attractive place ___________everyone likes to visit. 20. Los Angeles is such an attractive place ___________everyone likes to visit it. 19. as 考查定语从句关系词用法。语境分析得知这是such…as…引导的限制性定语从句，as充当从句的主语或宾语。故应用as。 20. that 考查状语从句关系词用法。语境分析得知这是such…that…引导的结果状语从句，从句不缺少成分，that只起连接作用。故应用that。 分层训练（三）定语从句助力应用文写作升格 书面表达句式升级：请准确运用定语从句翻译下列各句。 1. (2026 全国 Ⅰ 卷回忆版) 这位分享旅行故事的学长将会给我们做一场线上讲座。 【答案】The senior schoolmate who shares travel stories will give us an online lecture. 2. (2026 浙江 1 月卷回忆版) 这是一个线上读书俱乐部，在俱乐部里读书爱好者可以交流阅读心得。 【答案】This is an online reading club where book‑lovers can exchange their reading thoughts. 3. (2025 新高考 Ⅰ 卷) 我们将要参加的志愿者活动旨在帮助社区里那些独居的老年人。 【答案】The volunteer activity that/which we will take part in is intended to help the elderly who live alone in the community. 4. (2025 浙江 1 月卷) 我校开设了大量课外课程，其中人工智能是最受学生欢迎的一门课程。 【答案】Our school offers a wide range of after‑school courses, of which artificial intelligence is the most popular among students. 5. (2024 新课标 Ⅰ 卷) 我们学校将举办一场传统文化展览，它可以为学生提供近距离感受传统艺术魅力的机会。 【答案】Our school will hold a traditional‑culture exhibition, which can offer students a chance to experience the charm of traditional arts up close. 6. (2024 全国甲卷) 我向你推荐这家城市图书馆，在那里你能够读到许多关于中国历史的珍贵书籍。 【答案】I’d like to recommend this city library to you, where you can read many precious books about Chinese history. 分层训练（四）定语从句助力读后续写升格 任务：根据中文提示翻译句子，熟练运用 who /which/whose /where 等定语从句关系词。 1. (2026 全国 Ⅰ 卷回忆版) 一阵微风吹过树林，这吹散了萦绕在我心头的焦虑。 【答案】A gentle wind blew through the woods, which blew away the anxiety hanging over my mind. 2. (2026 全国 Ⅱ 卷回忆版) 我遇到了一位登山者，他的经验教会我永不轻易放弃。 【答案】I met a climber, whose experience taught me never to give up easily. 3. (2026 浙江 1 月卷回忆版) 这是一片安静的湖畔，许多疲惫的旅行者会在此休整，重拾力量。 【答案】It was a quiet lakeside, where many tired travellers would stop to rest and regain their strength. 4. (2026 新高考 Ⅱ 卷回忆版) 那些在困境中不曾放弃的人，终将收获属于自己的惊喜。 【答案】Those who never give up when in difficulty will eventually get their own surprise. 5. (2025 新高考 Ⅰ 卷) 小男孩拾起那本封面已经破损的绘本，它勾起了他童年许多美好的回忆。 【答案】The little boy picked up the picture‑book whose cover was worn, which brought back many sweet memories of his childhood. 6. (2025 浙江 1 月卷) 我们来到了一间小小的山间木屋，在那里我们度过了一个难忘的雨夜。 【答案】We arrived at a small wooden mountain house, where we spent an unforgettable rainy night. 7. (2025 全国乙卷) 一位头发花白的老人向我们挥手，他的眼神里满是善意与温暖。 【答案】An elderly man with grey hair waved to us, whose eyes were filled with kindness and warmth. 8. (2024 浙江 1 月卷) 她望向那条蜿蜒的跑道，跑道见证了她无数次充满汗水的训练。 【答案】She looked toward the winding track, which had witnessed countless sweat‑soaked training sessions of hers. 9. (2024 新课标 Ⅱ 卷) 站在终点线的教练朝她竖起大拇指，这给了她继续向前的巨大勇气。 【答案】The coach, who stood at the finishing line, gave her a thumbs‑up, which gave her great courage to move forward. 10. (2024 全国甲卷) 那个曾经害怕长跑的女孩终于战胜了内心的胆怯。 【答案】The girl who used to be afraid of long‑distance running finally defeated the timidity inside her. 综合进阶练（限时：15分钟） 一、语法填空 （注意分析空格处所充当的句子成分）（2026全国I卷） Daji, or big open-air fairs, typically take place on specific dates of the lunar calendar, for example, on dates with five or seven as the last digit. It is also common for them ____56____ (hold) during traditional Chinese holidays such as the Spring Festival and the Mid-Autumn Festival, as well as other local festivals. The exact dates and ____57____ (frequent) of daji vary from region to region. Daji originated from the ancient folk custom of trading goods, which dates back to ____58____ Han Dynasty. As transportation and communication ____59____ (be) underdeveloped at that time, it was very difficult for households to obtain daily ____60____ (necessity). As a solution, people gathered at specific locations on set days to trade their surplus (剩余的) items ____61____ what they needed. In addition to being venues for buying and selling, daji are occasions for socializing and entertainment. People from near and far crowd into these markets on daji days. ____62____ (draw) by the aroma (香味) of street food, they line up in front of stands ____63____ serve steaming dumplings and hot noodle soup. While eating and enjoying street performances, they chat with each other and share stories of their daily lives. Before ____64____ (head) home, they fill their shopping bags with fresh fruit and vegetables from local farmers, at prices significantly ____65____ (cheap) than those found in supermarkets. 【答案】56. to be held 57. frequency 58. the 59. were 60. necessities 61. for 62. Drawn 63. that##which 64. heading 65. cheaper 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍了中国农村集市“大集”的日期、频率、历史渊源以及现代赶集的场景。 【56题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：它们也常常在传统节日期间举行，例如春节、中秋节以及其他地方性节日。固定句型“it is + adj. + for sb./sth. to do sth.”中不定式作真正主语，且hold(举行)与其逻辑主语“them(指代Daji)”之间为被动关系，故用不定式的被动式to be held。 【57题详解】 考查名词。句意：大集的确切日期和频率因地区而异。提示词与名词“dates”并列作主语，应用名词形式frequency，表示“频率”，不可数名词。 【58题详解】 考查冠词。句意：大集起源于古代民间以物易物的习俗，可追溯至汉朝。专有名词Han Dynasty特指“汉朝”，需用定冠词the限定。 【59题详解】 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：由于当时交通和通讯都不发达，家家户户很难买到日常必需品。提示词作谓语，时间状语“at that time”表明用一般过去时态，主语“transportation and communication”为复数概念，谓语用复数形式were。 【60题详解】 考查名词复数。句意同上。名词necessity意为“必需品”时通常用复数形式，泛指日常所需的多种物品。 【61题详解】 考查介词。句意：作为解决办法，人们在固定的日子里聚集到特定地点，用自己多余的物品来交换自己需要的东西。“trade A for B”是固定搭配，表示“用A交换B”。 【62题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：被街头小吃的香味所吸引，他们在热气腾腾的饺子摊和热汤面摊前排起长队。此处作状语，draw(吸引)用非谓语动词形式，与其逻辑主语they之间为被动关系，应用过去分词表被动；且位于句首，首字母大写。 【63题详解】 考查定语从句。句意同上。此处引导限制性定语从句，stands(摊位)是先行词，关系代词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或which引导从句。 【64题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：在回家之前，他们会把从当地农民那里买来的新鲜水果和蔬菜塞满购物袋，价格比超市里的便宜得多。介词“Before”后接动名词作宾语。 【65题详解】 考查形容词比较级。句意同上。提示词作后置定语修饰prices，且设空处后有“than”，应用比较级cheaper。 专题01-3 V-ing和V-ed形式的形容词 01期中考情透视 02复习目标锚定 03知识体系构建 04核心考点精讲 考点清单一、‑ed/‑ing形容词核心区分 考点清单二、分词形容词作定语 考点清单三、分词形容词作表语（be+‑ed/‑ing） 考点清单四、分词作状语（‑ing/‑ed作状语，新高考语法填空高频） 考点清单五、分词作宾语补足语 考点清单六、易混特殊词（‑ed/‑ing不遵循常规人/物） 05限时分层演练 基础固本练/综合进阶练 本专题核心考点‑ed/‑ing形容词作定语、表语、状语、宾语补足语的用法。命题上常结合语法填空、写作句子结构等真实题型设置情境。整体以基础送分为主，需要进一步学习‑ed/‑ing形容词作定语、表语、状语、宾语补足语的用法。 。 识记 ‑ed/‑ing形容词核心含义。 理解 精准辨析易混成分。 应用 能在语法填空中判断‑ed/‑ing形容词语境含义。 考点清单一、‑ed/‑ing形容词核心区分 要点精讲 1‑ing形容词：多用来描述事物本身的性质、特征，译为“令人……的”；主语通常是事物 amazing令人惊讶的；exciting令人兴奋的；boring令人无聊的；surprising令人吃惊的 2.‑ed形容词：多用来描述人的感受、情绪状态，译为“感到……的”；主语通常是人 amazed感到惊讶的；excited感到兴奋的；bored感到无聊的；surprised感到吃惊的 3.特殊提醒 ①少数‑ed形容词可以修饰事物名词，表达“与人感受相关”：excitedlook/surprisedexpression（感到激动/惊讶的神情，体现人的内心情绪） ②部分词只作分词不作普通形容词：developing发展中的/developed发达的；existing现存的 ③高频固定搭配：be‑ed+介词：beinterestedin；besurprisedat；beboredwith；bedelightedat 【即时训练】 1.（改编2024新高考Ⅰ卷）Thesepalsofthegreenhousecreatean________(amaze)sceneonwarmsunnydays. 2.（改编2025全国Ⅱ卷）Deniedthesunshinescent,Ifelt________(disappoint)atmychildhoodwithoutclotheslines. 3.（2023新高考Ⅰ卷改编）Thecontestwas________(challenge),yetIstillwantedtohaveatry. 4.（改编2024九省联考）Manyteenagersare________(interest)inscience‑popularizationactivities. 5.（改编2025北京卷）Itis________(tire)tospendlonghoursscrollingthroughshort‑videoapps. 答案与解析 1.amazing修饰事物scene“景象”，“令人惊叹的”，用‑ing 2.disappointed主语I，表达人的内心感受“感到失望的”，用‑ed 3.challenging修饰事物contest“比赛”，“具有挑战性的”，‑ing表事物属性 4.interested固定搭配beinterestedin“对……感兴趣”，描述人的感受 5.tiring描述这件事本身“令人疲惫的”，用‑ing 考点清单二、分词形容词作定语 要点精讲 1.前置定语： ‑ing：令人……的（修饰物）；‑ed：感到……的（修饰人；也可修饰look,expression,face,smile等表情名词，反映人的情绪） 例：asurprisingresult令人吃惊的结果；asurprisedlook吃惊的神情 2.后置定语（分词作定语，本质是省略定语从句） -现在分词‑ing：主动、正在进行； -过去分词‑ed：被动、已经完成 thebooklyingonthedesk（主动：书躺在桌上） thebookwrittenbyLuXun（被动：被鲁迅写的书） 【即时训练】 1.（改编2024新高考Ⅱ卷）Wewereattractedbythestoriesofthetwogreatwritersinthe________(surprise)exhibition. 2.（改编2023全国甲卷）Fablesare________(inspire)storiesfullofancientwisdom. 3.（改编2025浙江1月）Tanyahada________(delight)smilewhentalkingaboutherclothes‑rentalshop. 4.（改编2024全国甲卷）Wevisitednationalparks________(contain)variousrarenativespecies. 5.（改编2025全国Ⅰ卷）Ireadanovel________(write)byayoungChinesewriter. 答案与解析 1.surprising修饰事物exhibition“展览”，“令人惊叹的”，‑ing 2.inspiring修饰事物stories，“鼓舞人心的”，‑ing 3.delighted修饰smile，体现人物内心“喜悦的”神情，用‑ed 4.containingparks与contain是主动关系，现在分词作后置定语 5.writtennovel与write被动关系，过去分词作后置定语 考点清单三、分词形容词作表语（be+‑ed/‑ing） 要点精讲 1.be+‑ing：主语（多为物）具有某种“令人……”的属性 Themovieismoving.这部电影令人感动 2.be+‑ed：主语（多为人）感到……；很多属于固定be+adj.+介词搭配 Iammoved.我被感动了/我很感动 besatisfiedwith；beconfusedabout；beastonishedat；befrightenedof ⚠️注意：部分be+‑ed是被动语态（强调动作），部分是形容词系表结构（强调状态） 对比： -Heissurprised.（系表，状态：他感到惊讶） -Hewassurprisedbythenews.（被动，被消息震惊） 【即时训练】 1.（2024新高考Ⅱ卷真题）…visitorswalkingthroughtheBirthplaceGardenwereoften________(amaze)attheconnectionbetweenthetwogreatwriters. 2.（改编2023新高考Ⅰ卷）Thewritingcompetitionwasreally________(encourage)toteenagers. 3.（改编2025北京卷）Manystudentsare________(confuse)abouthowtoimprovewrittenEnglish. 4.（改编2024九省联考）Thescienceshowis________(astonish)anddrawslargecrowds. 5.（改编2025全国Ⅱ卷）Iwas________(relax)whenIsmelledthesunshinescentofsun‑driedclothes. 答案与解析 1.amazed主语visitors指人，beamazedat“对……感到惊讶”，‑ed表人的感受 2.encouraging主语competition事物，“令人鼓舞的”，‑ing 3.confused主语students人，beconfusedabout“对……感到困惑” 4.astonishing主语scienceshow事物，“令人震撼的”，‑ing 5.relaxed主语I，人感到放松，‑ed 考点清单四、分词作状语（‑ing/‑ed作状语，新高考语法填空高频） 要点精讲 分词作状语，逻辑主语等于主句主语 1.‑ing（现在分词）作状语：逻辑主语和分词是主动关系 Walkingalongthepark,weenjoyedthenaturalview.（we主动walk） 2.‑ed（过去分词）作状语：逻辑主语和分词是被动关系 Shockedbythescene,shestoodstill.（she被shock） 【即时训练】 1.（改编2023新高考Ⅰ卷）________(inspire)bymyteacher’swords,Idecidedtojointhewritingcontest. 2.（改编2024新高考Ⅰ卷）________(open)onwarmdays,thesepalsoffersunshineforplantsinside. 3.（改编2025全国Ⅰ卷）________(interest)inGoculture,Tucreatedthespecialexhibition. 4.（改编2024全国甲卷）________(see)fromthedistance,nationalparkslooklikegreenjewels. 5.（改编2025北京卷）________(fill)withexcitement,theteenagerstookpartincommunitypractice. 答案与解析 1.Inspired逻辑主语I与inspire被动，“被老师的话鼓舞”，过去分词作状语 2.Opening逻辑主语sepals与open主动，现在分词作状语 3.Interested固定搭配beinterestedin；状语省略be，直接用Interested 4.Seen主语nationalparks与see被动，“从远处被看”，用Seen 5.Filledbefilledwith“充满……”；作状语省略be，用Filled 考点清单五、分词作宾语补足语 要点精讲 感官动词see,hear,find,notice,keep等后接宾补 1.seesbdoing：看见某人正在做（主动进行） 2.seesthdone：看见某物被做（被动完成） Isawhimreadingabook.我看见他正在读书 Isawthebookthrownaway.我看见这本书被扔掉 【即时训练】 1.（改编2024九省联考）Isawmanystudents________(take)partinthevolunteeractivitywhenIpassedby. 2.（改编2023全国甲卷）Wefoundtheancientstories________(touch)andeducational. 3.（改编2025全国Ⅱ卷）Ifoundmyoldclothes________(hang)ontheclothesline,bathedinsunshine. 4.（改编2024新高考Ⅱ卷）Wenoticedthewindowsoftheoldbuilding________(break)intheheavystorm. 5.（改编2025北京卷）Keepyourself________(inform)ofthelatestnewsabouttraditional‑cultureevents. 答案与解析 1.takingseesbdoing看见某人正在做某事，主动进行 2.touching修饰事物stories，“感人的”，‑ing形容词作宾补 3.hangingclothes和hang主动，现在分词作宾补 4.brokenwindows与break被动，过去分词作宾补 5.informedkeepsbinformedof“使某人了解……”，被动含义，‑ed 考点清单六、易混特殊词（‑ed/‑ing不遵循常规人/物） 要点精讲 1.developing发展中的；developed发达的（描述国家，不描述人的感受） developingcountries发展中国家；developedcountries发达国家 2.remaining剩余的（只用‑ing，无remained作形容词）；theremainingtime剩余时间 3.interestedparty利益相关方；excitedaudience激动的观众（修饰人用‑ed） 【即时训练】 1.（改编2024全国甲卷）Chinaisstilla________(develop)country. 2.（改编2025全国Ⅰ卷）Wespentthe________(remain)afternoonvisitingtheGo‑cultureexhibition. 3.（改编2023全国甲卷）Some________(develop)countriespaymoreattentiontoculturalheritageprotection. 4.（改编2024浙江1月卷）Allthe________(excite)audienceapplaudedforthefolkartists. 5.（改编2025北京卷）Wehavelittletime________(leave)beforethevolunteeractivitystarts. 答案与解析 1.developingdevelopingcountry发展中国家 2.remainingremaining作定语“剩余的”固定用‑ing 3.developeddevelopedcountries发达国家 4.excited修饰人audience，“感到激动的” 5.lefttime与leave被动，thetimeleft“剩下的时间”，过去分词作后置定语 基础固本练（限时：25分钟） 分层训练（一）高考真题通关 1.（改编2024新高考Ⅱ卷）Visitorswereoften________(amaze)attheconnectionbetweenwriters. 答案：amazed（表语，人的感受） 2. （改编2023全国甲卷）Fablesare________(inspire)storiespassingdownancientwisdom. 答案：inspiring（定语，事物属性） 3. （改编2025全国Ⅰ卷）________(Inspire)bytheexhibition,manyteenagersfellinlovewithGoculture. 答案：Inspired（状语，被动） 4. （改编2024新高考Ⅰ卷）________(Open)inwarmweather,thesepalsprovidesunshineforplants. 答案：Opening（状语，主动） 5. （改编2025浙江1月）Shewas________(delight)withherclothes‑rentalbusiness. 答案：delighted（表语，人的感受） 分类通关（二）‑ed/‑ing形容词易混对比十组 Group1amazing/amazed 1.Thespecialartshowis________(amaze). 2.Wefelt________(amaze)atthepoweroftraditional‑cultureart. 答案&解析 amazing；‑ing描述事物“令人惊叹的” amazed；‑ed描述人内心感受“感到惊叹的” Group2boring/bored 3.Manystudentsthinksomeoldlecturesare________(bore). 4.Somestudentsget________(bore)withlongtheoreticalspeeches. 答案&解析 boring；事物令人无聊 bored；人感到无聊 Group3exciting/excited 5.Thecomingvolunteeractivityis________(excite). 6.The________(excite)teenagerscouldhardlywaitfortheactivity. 答案&解析 exciting；事物令人激动 excited；人感到激动 Group4surprising/surprised 7.Itis________(surprise)thatsomanyyouthlovetraditionalcrafts. 8.Wewere________(surprise)toseeteenagersperformingancientoperas. 答案&解析 surprising；事情令人吃惊 surprised；人感到吃惊 Group5satisfying/satisfied 9.Theresultofcommunityprojectis________(satisfy). 10.Volunteersare________(satisfied)withwhattheyhaveachieved. 答案&解析 satisfying；令人满意的（事物） satisfied；感到满意的（人，besatisfiedwith固定搭配） Group6moving/moved 11.Thestoryofheritageprotectersisreally________(move). 12.Deeply________(move),manyaudiencemembersburstintotears. 答案&解析 moving；令人感动的 moved；被感动，过去分词作状语 Group7confusing/confused 13.Somegrammarrulesare________(confuse)forhigh‑schoolstudents. 14.Studentsoftenget________(confuse)about‑edand‑ingadjectives. 答案&解析 confusing；令人困惑的（事物） confused；感到困惑的（人） Group8tiring/tired 15.Workingforlonghoursonheritageprotectionis________(tire). 16.Afterfieldwork,theresearchersfelt________(tire). 答案&解析 tiring；令人疲惫的（事情） tired；人感到疲惫 Group9interesting/interested 17.Thefolk‑culturelectureisreally________(interest). 18.Moreandmoreteenagersbecome________(interest)inlocalfolkart. 答案&解析 interesting；令人有趣的（事物） interested；beinterestedin“对……感兴趣”（人） Group10developing/developed 19.Many________(develop)countriesattachimportancetoculturalinheritance. 20.________(develop)countriesstillfacegreatchallengesinheritageprotection. 答案&解析 developed；发达国家 Developing；发展中国家 分类通关（三）‑ed&‑ing助力应用文写作 要求：中文翻译成英文，恰当使用‑ed/‑ing形容词/分词 1.（改编2023新高考Ⅰ卷・建议信）这个鼓舞人心的写作比赛激发了很多学生的创作热情 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.（改编2024新课标Ⅰ卷・告知信）看到令人惊叹的温室，同学们感到十分兴奋 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3.（改编2025北京卷・倡议邮件）对很多青少年来说，参与社区志愿活动是一件令人充实的事情 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4.（改编2023全国甲卷・投稿）受寓言故事启发，我们计划举办一次传统文化分享会 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5.（改编2024九省联考・邀请信）我写信邀请你来观看这场令人震撼的科普展览 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 6.（改编2025全国Ⅰ卷・栏目投稿）很多对围棋感兴趣的青少年前来参观这次展览 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 7.（改编2024全国甲卷・发言稿）看到国家公园里各种各样珍稀动植物，游客们感到十分惊讶 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 8.（改编2023新高考Ⅱ卷・咨询邮件）我对部分令人困惑的语法点感到很迷茫，希望得到你的指导 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 9.（改编2025北京卷・倡议）被志愿者们的奉献精神打动，越来越多学生愿意参与社会实践 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 10.（改编2024新课标Ⅱ卷・邮件）这场令人印象深刻的展览搭建起中外文化沟通的桥梁 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 参考答案 1.Thisinspiringwritingcontesthasarousedmanystudents’passionforcreation. 2.Seeingtheamazinggreenhouse,thestudentsfeltveryexcited. 3.Formanyteenagers,takingpartincommunityvolunteeractivitiesisarewardingthing. 4.Inspiredbyfablestories,weplantoholdatraditional‑culturesharingmeeting. 5.I’mwritingtoinviteyoutovisitthisastonishingscience‑popularizationexhibition. 6.ManyteenagersinterestedinGoculturecametovisittheexhibition. 7.Seeingvariousrareplantsandanimalsinnationalparks,visitorsfeltamazed. 8.Ifeelconfusedaboutsomeconfusinggrammarpointsandhopeforyourguidance. 9.Movedbythevolunteers’devotion,moreandmorestudentsarewillingtotakepartinsocialpractice. 10.ThisimpressiveexhibitionbuildsbridgesforcommunicationbetweenChineseandforeigncultures. 分类通关（四）‑ed&‑ing助力读后续写 合理使用‑ed/‑ing形容词、分词作状语、定语 1.（改编2023新高考Ⅰ卷）被老师的话语鼓舞，我鼓起勇气报名参加写作比赛 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.（改编2024浙江1月）面对这座迷宫般的大楼，伊娃感到很困惑 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3.（改编2025全国Ⅰ卷）看到狗狗欢快的样子，我内心充满惊喜 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4.（改编2023新高考Ⅰ卷）令人失望的结果并没有磨灭我对写作的热爱 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5.（改编2024浙江1月）受到周围同学的鼓励，她开始勇敢探索整栋教学楼 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 6.（改编2025全国Ⅰ卷）怀着激动的心情，我拆开信封查看比赛结果 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 7.（改编2023新高考Ⅰ卷）那个令人感动的故事深深打动了评委 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 8.（改编2024浙江1月）疲惫但是充满希望，她找到了通往图书馆的道路 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 9.（改编2025全国Ⅰ卷）弟弟被我的真诚打动，决定和我好好沟通 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 10.（改编2023新高考Ⅰ卷）听到获奖消息，她脸上露出惊喜的神情 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 参考答案 1.Inspiredbymyteacher’swords,Ipluckedupmycourageandsignedupforthewritingcontest. 2.Facedwiththemaze‑likebuilding,Evafeltconfused. 3.Seeingthedog’scheerfullook,Iwasfilledwithsurprise. 4.Thedisappointingresultdidn’tkillmypassionforwriting. 5.Encouragedbyherclassmatesaroundher,shebegantoexplorethewholeschoolbuildingbravely. 6.Filledwithexcitement,Iopenedtheenvelopetocheckthecontestresult. 7.Themovingstorydeeplymovedthejudges. 8.Tiredbuthopeful,shefoundherwaytothelibrary. 9.Movedbymysincerity,mybrotherdecidedtocommunicatewithmeheart‑to‑heart. 10.Hearingtheprize‑winningnews,asurprisedlookappearedonherface. 综合进阶练（限时：15分钟） 一、语法填空（注意分析空格处所充当的句子成分） (2026·四川遂宁高三上期中)As temperatures rise across China，a new trend is taking hold.Outdoor sports,1.　________　 draw citizens out of gyms and into the wilderness，test people’s physical limits and reconnect them with nature. One standout in this trend，the Spartan Race，has exploded in 2.　________　(popular) in many Chinese cities.So far，the race along with its 3.　________　(mud) routes，high walls，and various obstacles，has gained significant attraction online as well.Last month，the Spartan China series 4.　________　 (land) in Changchun while on October 16­17，the Spartan Kids World Championship will be held 5.　________　 the second time at Yunding Snow Park in Hebei Province. Each event challenges participants to complete distances 6.　________　 (range) from 5 to 50 kilometers，with some 7.　________　(extreme) demanding obstacles depending on the race category.In practice，the race involves climbing，hanging，and carrying sandbags,8.　________　 total return to nature from gyms. Liu Mingyi，chief expert at the China Youth Sports and Physical Education Center，said that the rise of outdoor running competitions is far from accidental.“In the past，people stayed indoors，lifting weights in gyms.Now，there’s a growing desire 9.　________　(break) free from concrete buildings.” Liu commented.“These mud­stained events offer not just wildness,10.　________　 a kind of close dialogue with nature.” 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了目前在中国流行的户外运动——斯巴达障碍赛，包括其形式和意义。 1．which　考查定语从句。句意：户外运动将市民从健身房吸引到野外，挑战人们的体能极限，并让他们重新与自然建立联系。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Outdoorsports，指物，在从句中作主语，故应用关系代词which。故填which。 2．popularity　考查名词。句意：这一趋势中的佼佼者“斯巴达障碍赛”，已在众多中国城市掀起热潮。空处应用名词，作宾语；popularity表示“流行、受欢迎”，为不可数名词，符合句意。故填popularity。 3．muddy　考查形容词。句意：截至目前，这项比赛以其泥泞赛道、高耸的围墙以及各种障碍设置，在网络上也引发了极大关注。空处应用形容词，修饰名词routes，作定语；muddy为形容词，表示“泥泞的”，符合句意。故填muddy。 4．landed　考查动词时态。句意：上个月，斯巴达中国系列赛登陆长春，而10月16日至17日，斯巴达儿童世锦赛将在河北省云顶雪场第二次举办。land为动词，表示“登陆”，在句中作谓语；根据时间状语Lastmonth可知，该句为一般过去时，land与主语theSpartanChinaseries之间为主动关系。故填landed。 5．for　考查介词。句意：上个月，斯巴达中国系列赛登陆长春；而10月16日至17日，斯巴达儿童世锦赛将在河北省云顶雪场第二次举办。介词短语forthesecondtime表示“第二次”，在句中作状语。故填for。 6．ranging　考查现在分词。句意：每项赛事都要求参与者完成5至50公里不等的赛程，并根据比赛类别设置部分极具挑战性的障碍。range为动词，表示“(在一定范围内)变化”，rangefrom...to...表示“范围从……到……”，由谓语动词challenges可知，空处应用range的非谓语动词形式，作后置定语修饰名词distances，并与其之间为主动关系，故应用现在分词形式。故填ranging。 7．extremely　考查副词。句意：每项赛事都要求参与者完成5至50公里不等的赛程，并根据比赛类别设置部分极具挑战性的障碍。空处应用副词，修饰形容词demanding，作状语；extremely为副词，表示“极其、极度地”，符合句意。故填extremely。 8．a　考查冠词。句意：实际上，这项赛事包含攀爬、悬挂以及搬运沙袋等项目，是一次从健身房向自然的彻底回归。空处应用冠词，修饰名词短语totalreturn，表示“一次彻底回归”，total为辅音音素开头，故应用不定冠词a，表示泛指。故填a。 9．tobreak　考查动词不定式。句意：现在，人们越来越渴望从混凝土建筑中解脱出来。名词desire后常用不定式作后置定语，adesiretodosth“做某事的渴望”。故填tobreak。 10．but　考查并列连词。句意：这些泥泞的活动不仅提供了野性，而且提供了一种与自然的亲密对话。notjust...but(also)．..“不仅……而且……”是固定搭配。故填but。 不定代词的用法 被动语态 考点清单、不定代词用法 要点精讲1：each, both, all等不定代词用法 典型用法 典型示例 each指两者或两者以上中每个 They each have their own email address. 他们每个人都有自己的电子邮件地址。 both表示“两者都” Both his mother and his father will be there. 他父母二人都要去那里。 all指“(三者或三者以上)全部” All five men are hard workers. 五个人全都工作努力。 either表示“(两者中的)任何一个” You can park on either side of the street. 这条街两边都可停车。 neither表示“两者都不” Neither of my parents speaks a foreign language. 我的父母都不会说外语。 none表示“(三者或三者以上)全无，没有一点” We have three sons but none of them live nearby. 我们有三个儿子，但他们都不住在附近。 nothing表示“没有任何东西” The doctor said there was nothing wrong with me. 医生说我什么毛病也没有。 another泛指“(三者或三者以上中的)另一，又一” Heavy rains  continued  another three days. 大雨持续了三天。 Would you like another drink? 还想喝一杯吗？ other泛指“其余的”，只作定语 Are there any other questions? 还有其他问题没有？ others“另一些” Don't expect others to read your mind.  不要期望别人能看出你的心思。 the other特指两者之中的另一个 He raised one arm and then the other. 他先举起一只手，然后举起另一只。 the others“剩余的一些” I walked back while the others rode in the car.  别人都乘车，而我是走回来的。 即时训练一：结合语境用both, all, either, neither, none, nothing填空。 1. My brother would like to buy a good watch but _______was available from that shop. (江西2012) 2.---Would you like tea or coffee? ---_______ , thank you. I've just had some water. (辽宁2011) 3. Of all the books on the desk, __________is of any use for our study. (四川2006) 4. They produced two reports, ______ of which contained any useful suggestions. (上海2011春) 5. You may drop in or just give me a call. _______ will do. (安徽2006) 6.Both teams were in hard training; __________was willing to lose the game. 7. I made a call to my parents yesterday. To my disappointment, _______ of them answered it. 8.On _________ side/On _______sides of the road were green fields and some farm house. 9. –How do you find your classmates? –Most of them are kind, but ______ is so good to me as Bruce. 10. He had lost his temper and his health in the war and never found _______ of them again． 即时训练二：结合语境用something, anything, nothing, everything填空。 11. (全国2017)I agree with most of what you said, but I don’t agree with _________. 12. (全国2011II)I got this bicycle for _________: My friend gave it to me when she bought a new one. 13. (四川2011)There is _________ in his words. We should have a try. 14. (湖南2011)I know that_________ would ever discourage him; he would never give up wanting to be a director. 15. She couldn't see or hear_________ at all. 即时训练三：结合语境用other, others, another, the other, the others填空。 16. (重庆2013)Recycling is one way to protect the environment; reusing is________. 17. (全国2010 I)I'll spend half of my holiday practicing English and _________ half learning drawing. 18. (四川2008) The manager believes prices will not rise by __________ four percent. 19. (上海2006春)Both sides have accused _________of breaking the contract. 20.It is very necessary that children should be taught how to get along with_________. 21.Jack is hard-working and intelligent. In _________ words, I can’t speak too highly of him. 22. The first time I went there, they were living in a small house with dogs, ducks, and ______ animals. 23. There are five language labs here. One is on the second floor and _________ are in the third floor. 24. To warm himself, the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against _______. 25. I don't know any French people _________ than you. 【即时训练一答案】 1.none 2.Neither 3.none 4.neither 5.Either 6.neither 7.neither 8.either/each, both 9.none 10.none 【即时训练二答案】 11.everything 12.nothing 13. something 14. nothing 15. anything 【即时训练三答案】 1.another 2.the other 3.another 4.the other 5.others 6.other 7. other 8.the others 9.the other 10. other 要点精讲2： 典型用法 典型示例 few修饰可数名词，否定含义，“几乎没有” The last few winters have been very cold过去几个冬天都很冷。 a few修饰可数名词，肯定含义，“几个；一些” I have a few friends, but my younger sister has very few. 我有一些朋友，但我妹妹几乎没有朋友。 little修饰不可数名词，否定含义，“几乎没有” There is little time left.几乎没剩下什么时间了。 a little修饰不可数名词，肯定含义，“一点” She can speak a little French, but she knows little English.她能讲点法语，但她几乎不懂英语。 many修饰可数名词，肯定含义，“许多” We don't have very many copies left. 我们所剩的册数不多。 much修饰不可数名词，肯定含义，“许多” I don't have much money with me. 我没带多少钱。 即时训练四：结合语境用上述单词或词组的适当形式填空。 1.I try to visit my parents every ________ weeks.  2.He was advised to smoke ________ cigarettes and drink ________ beer.  3.But after the phone call, the journalist promised to ask ________ friends to teach him.  4.New drivers have twice as ________many accidents as experienced drivers. 5.Teenagers who are addicted to the Internet are ________ likely to suffer from depression. 即时训练四答案： 1. few 2. fewer, less 3. a few 4. more 分层训练（一）高考真题 【即时训练】在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。 1. (2024新课标II卷) Some of the things that Tang was writing about __________ (be) also Shakespeare’s concerns. 2. (2024新课标II卷) Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, inspired by The Peony Pavilion, __________ (build)at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace. 3. (2024全国甲卷) They__________ (be) part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there. 4.（2023新高考II卷）As a little girl, I (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. 5.（2023全国乙卷）Having visited several times over the last 10 years, I (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. 6. (2022全国乙)The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society__________ (address) the opening ceremony. “As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, ..” he said. 7. (2022新高考I) The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that __________ (be)previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority to increase effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management. 8. (2022新高考II) Henry __________ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony. 9. (2021·全国甲)The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China's long history. It __________ (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored. 10. (2021全国甲) We __________ (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. My bike was old and shaky but did the job. 【答案】 1. were 2. was built 3. were 4. wished 5. was amazed 6. addressed 7. were 8. was fixing 9. was built 10. hired 17 / 22 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $