Unit 4 Exploring literature 词形变化背诵单及巩固练习-2026-2027学年高中英语译林版必修第二册

必修二 Unit 4 词形变化背诵单及巩固练习 一．重点词汇词形变化 1．devote vt. (...to) 致力；献身 → devoted adj. 全心全意的，忠诚的 → devotion n. 奉献，忠诚 2．determine vt. 确定；决心　vi. 决心 → determined adj. 坚决的 → determination n. 决心 3．significant adj. 有重要意义的 → significance n. 重要性 4．description n. 描述，说明 → describe vt. 描述，描写 5．sensitive adj. 体贴的；敏感的 → sense n. 感觉；意义　vt. & vi. 感觉到 6．capable adj. 有能力，有才能 → capability n. 才能，能力 → incapable adj. 无能力的 7．awaken vt. & vi. 唤起；(使)醒来 → awake adj. 醒着的 8．permanent adj. 永久的 → permanence n. 永久，永恒 9．universal adj. 普遍的；普遍存在的 → universe n. 宇宙 10．specific adj. 特定的；明确的 → specifically adv. 明确地，具体地 11．collect vt. 收集 → collection n. 收藏品；收集 → collector n. 收藏家 12．transport vt. & n. 运输，运送 → transportation n. 运输，运送 13．poetry n. 诗集，诗歌（总称）→ poet n. 诗人 → poem n. 诗 14．straighten vt. 挺直；(使)变直 → straight adj. 直的　adv. 笔直地 15．confuse vt. (将……)混淆；使糊涂 → confusing adj. 令人困惑的 → confused adj. 糊涂的，迷惑的 → confusion n. 困惑；混淆 二．巩固练习 1．________ (devote) to the study of folk poetry for over thirty years has finally earned the old professor the respect of scholars all over the world. 2．She was so ________ (determine) to finish her novel that she turned down three well-paid jobs and moved to a quiet village, where she lived on very little for two years. 3．The museum's ________ (collect) of ancient Chinese poems is said to be the finest in the country, drawing visitors from every corner of the world. 4．The young man was no ordinary ________ (poetry); his verses about village life moved even those readers who seldom opened a book. 5．The instructions on the box were so ________ (confuse) that half the students put the model together the wrong way and had to start again. 6．In his lecture, the poet tried to ________ (description) the moment when inspiration came to him, but no words seemed exact enough to capture it. 7．The committee doubted his ________ (capable) of leading such a large project, but within a year he had proved all of them wrong. 8．Nothing in this world has true ________ (permanent), the philosopher warned, and even the greatest works of literature must one day be forgotten. 9．Modern astronomers keep finding new planets, yet nobody can say for certain how large the ________ (universal) really is. 10．The discovery of those handwritten letters was of great ________ (significant) to historians, for they threw new light on how ordinary people lived during the war. 11．The old man lay ________ (awaken) the whole night, listening to the rain and thinking about the poems he had loved as a boy. 12．Mr. Wang, who has been ________ (devote) to teaching literature in this mountain school for forty years, is respected by every one of his students, past and present. 13．Although she never said a word about her troubles, I had a strong ________ (sensitive) that something was seriously wrong with her, and I turned out to be right. 14．Rare editions of his early poems are now so precious that ________ (collect) from Japan and Europe come to the small town every spring just to see them. 15．Because ________ (transport) in that mountainous area was extremely poor, the villagers had to carry their tea on their backs to the nearest market. 16．With great ________ (determine), the girl, who had been told she had no gift for writing, rewrote her story twelve times until it was published. 17．The teacher did not ask us to read the whole book; she told us ________ (specific) to compare the two chapters in which the hero's attitude towards war changes. 18．She did not write long novels; instead she wrote short ________ (poetry) about the sea, each of which could be read in a single minute. 19．The readers were left ________ (confuse) by the ending of the novel, which seemed to contradict everything that had happened in the previous chapters. 20．The old teacher always told us to keep our backs ________ (straighten) while reading, saying that a good posture helps one concentrate. 参考答案 1．【答案】Devotion 【考点】词形变化＋首字母大写——句首作主语须用名词，devotion 不可数。 【派生】devote vt. 致力；献身 → devotion n. 奉献，忠诚 → devoted adj. 全心全意的，忠诚的。 【句析】Devotion to the study of folk poetry for over thirty years 为主语，介词短语 to... 作 devotion 的后置修饰；谓语 has earned 用现在完成时，earn sb sth 意为“为某人赢得某物”；the respect of scholars all over the world 为直接宾语。 2．【答案】determined 【考点】词形变化——系动词 was 后接形容词作表语，so... that... 结构中用 -ed 形式表示“下定决心的”。 【派生】determine vt. 确定；决心　vi. 决心 → determined adj. 坚决的 → determination n. 决心。 【句析】主句为 She was so determined to finish her novel；so... that... 引导结果状语从句，从句中 turned down 与 moved 并列，均为一般过去时；where she lived on very little for two years 为非限制性定语从句，修饰 a quiet village。 3．【答案】collection 【考点】词形变化——名词所有格 museum's 后接名词作主语，谓语 is 表明用单数。 【派生】collect vt. 收集 → collection n. 收藏品；收集 → collector n. 收藏家。 【句析】The museum's collection of ancient Chinese poems 为主语，谓语 is said to be the finest 为“be said to be”结构；drawing visitors from every corner of the world 为现在分词短语作结果状语。 4．【答案】poet 【考点】词形变化——no ordinary 后接指人名词，且与后文 his verses 相呼应。 【派生】poetry n. 诗集，诗歌（总称，不可数）→ poet n. 诗人 → poem n. 诗（可数）。 【句析】主句 The young man was no ordinary poet 中 no 修饰名词，语气强于 not a；his verses about village life moved even those readers 用一般过去时；who seldom opened a book 为定语从句修饰 those readers。 5．【答案】confusing 【考点】词形变化——说明事物 The instructions，表示“令人困惑的”用 -ing 形式。 【派生】confuse vt. 混淆；使糊涂 → confusing adj. 令人困惑的 → confused adj. 糊涂的，迷惑的 → confusion n. 困惑；混淆。 【句析】主句为 The instructions on the box were so confusing；so... that... 引导结果状语从句，从句中 put the model together 与 had to start again 由 and 并列。 6．【答案】describe 【考点】词形变化——try to do sth 结构中 to 后接动词原形。 【派生】description n. 描述，说明 → describe vt. 描述，描写。 【句析】In his lecture 为状语；主句 the poet tried to describe the moment 中 when inspiration came to him 为定语从句修饰 the moment；but 连接并列分句，no words seemed exact enough to capture it 为系表结构，enough 后接不定式作结果状语。 7．【答案】capability 【考点】词形变化——形容词性物主代词 his 后接名词，capability of doing sth 意为“做某事的能力”。 【派生】capable adj. 有能力，有才能 → capability n. 才能，能力 → incapable adj. 无能力的。 【句析】主句为 The committee doubted his capability of leading such a large project；but 连接并列分句，within a year 为时间状语，he had proved all of them wrong 用过去完成时，prove sb wrong 意为“证明某人错了”。 8．【答案】permanence 【考点】词形变化——形容词 true 后接名词作 has 的宾语，不可数。 【派生】permanent adj. 永久的 → permanence n. 永久，永恒。 【句析】主句 Nothing in this world has true permanence 中 nothing 为不定代词作主语；the philosopher warned 为插入语；and 连接并列分句，even the greatest works of literature must one day be forgotten 为含情态动词的被动语态，one day 作时间状语。 9．【答案】universe 【考点】词形变化——定冠词 the 后接名词作从句主语。 【派生】universal adj. 普遍的；普遍存在的 → universe n. 宇宙。 【句析】主句 Modern astronomers keep finding new planets 用 keep doing 表示“不断做某事”；yet 连接并列分句，nobody can say for certain 中 for certain 意为“确切地”；how large the universe really is 为宾语从句，作 say 的宾语。 10．【答案】significance 【考点】词形变化——be of great ＋ 名词 结构作表语，表示“具有重大意义”。 【派生】significant adj. 有重要意义的 → significance n. 重要性。 【句析】The discovery of those handwritten letters 为主语，谓语 was of great significance 为“be of + 抽象名词”结构，相当于 be significant；for 引导并列分句表原因，其中 how ordinary people lived during the war 为宾语从句作介词 on 的宾语。 11．【答案】awake 【考点】词形变化——系动词 lay（lie 的过去式）后接形容词作表语，表示“醒着的”。 【派生】awaken vt. & vi. 唤起；(使)醒来 → awake adj. 醒着的。 【句析】The old man lay awake the whole night 为主系表结构；listening to the rain and thinking about the poems 为两个并列的现在分词短语作伴随状语；he had loved as a boy 为省略关系代词的定语从句，修饰 the poems，用过去完成时。 12．【答案】devoted 【考点】词形变化——be devoted to 为固定搭配，表示“致力于、忠诚于”，用 -ed 形式。 【派生】devote vt. 致力；献身 → devoted adj. 全心全意的，忠诚的 → devotion n. 奉献，忠诚。 【句析】Mr. Wang 为主语；who has been devoted to teaching literature... 为非限制性定语从句，用现在完成时强调持续四十年；谓语 is respected by every one of his students 为被动语态；past and present 为后置定语。 13．【答案】sense 【考点】词形变化——形容词 strong 后接名词，have a sense that... 意为“有一种……的感觉”。 【派生】sensitive adj. 体贴的；敏感的 → sense n. 感觉；意义　vt. & vi. 感觉到。 【句析】Although 引导让步状语从句；主句 I had a strong sense 后跟 that 引导的同位语从句，说明 sense 的具体内容；and 连接并列分句，I turned out to be right 中 turn out to be 表示“结果证明是”。 14．【答案】collectors 【考点】词形变化＋名词的数——作主语，谓语 come 表明用指人名词的复数。 【派生】collect vt. 收集 → collector n. 收藏家（复数为 collectors）→ collection n. 收藏品。 【句析】主句 Rare editions of his early poems are now so precious；so... that... 引导结果状语从句，从句主语为复数 collectors，谓语 come to the small town every spring just to see them 中不定式表目的。 15．【答案】transportation 【考点】词形变化——Because 引导的从句中作主语须用名词；transportation 为不可数名词。 【派生】transport vt. & n. 运输，运送 → transportation n. 运输，运送（同 transport）。 【句析】Because 引导原因状语从句，主语为不可数名词 transportation，谓语 was poor 用单数；主句 the villagers had to carry their tea on their backs to the nearest market 中 on their backs 为方式状语，to the nearest market 为目的状语。 16．【答案】determination 【考点】词形变化——介词 With 后接名词作状语，with great determination 意为“以极大的决心”。 【派生】determine vt. 决心 → determination n. 决心 → determined adj. 坚决的。 【句析】With great determination 为方式状语；主语 The girl 后有 who had been told she had no gift for writing 非限制性定语从句（含被动语态与宾语从句）；谓语 rewrote 用一般过去时；until it was published 为时间状语从句。 17．【答案】specifically 【考点】词形变化——修饰不定式，用副词作状语，意为“具体地、明确地”。 【派生】specific adj. 特定的；明确的 → specifically adv. 明确地，具体地。 【句析】分号为界，前一分句为 did not ask us to read the whole book；后一分句 she told us specifically to compare the two chapters 中 specifically 为状语，修饰不定式；in which the hero's attitude towards war changes 为“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，修饰 the two chapters。 18．【答案】poems 【考点】词形变化＋名词的数——short 后接可数名词，each of which 与 one minute 都表明指单篇的“诗”，故用复数。 【派生】poetry n. 诗歌（总称，不可数）→ poem n. 诗（可数，复数为 poems）→ poet n. 诗人。 【句析】分号连接两个并列分句，前句为 She did not write long novels；后句 she wrote short poems about the sea 中 instead 为连接副词；each of which could be read in a single minute 为非限制性定语从句，用“代词＋of which”结构。 19．【答案】confused 【考点】词形变化——leave sb/sth ＋ 形容词 结构中，说明人的感受用 -ed 形式。 【派生】confuse vt. 使糊涂 → confused adj. 糊涂的，迷惑的 → confusing adj. 令人困惑的 → confusion n. 困惑，混淆。 【句析】主句为 The readers were left confused by the ending of the novel，用被动语态；which seemed to contradict everything 为非限制性定语从句，修饰 the ending；that had happened in the previous chapters 为定语从句修饰 everything，用过去完成时。 20．【答案】straight 【考点】词形变化——keep ＋ 宾语 ＋ 形容词 结构中用形容词作宾语补足语。 【派生】straighten vt. 挺直；(使)变直 → straight adj. 直的　adv. 笔直地。 【句析】主句 The old teacher always told us to keep our backs straight 中 keep our backs straight 为“keep + 宾语 + 宾补”结构；while reading 为省略主语和 be 动词的时间状语；saying that... 为现在分词短语作伴随状语，that 引导宾语从句。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $