高考经典语法填空05——环境保护（全国通用）2027跟着经典英语高考试题备高考

专题05 高考经典语法填空 —环境保护 目 录 真题·命题感知 1 进阶·题型剖析 7 拔高·模拟演练 10 真题·命题感知 一、高考经典阅读理解——环境保护 经典1：（2014年新课标Ⅰ卷） Are you facing a situation that looks impossible to fix? In 1969,the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River Cleveland, Ohio. It 21 (be) unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up. The river was so polluted that it 22 (actual) caught fire and burned. Now, years later, this river is one of 23 most outstanding（杰出的）examples of environmental cleanup. But the river wasn’t changed in a few days 24 even a few months. It took years of work 25 (reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water. Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is 26 (clean) than ever. Maybe you are facing an impossible situation. Maybe you have a habit 27 is driving your family crazy. Possibly you drink too much or don’t know how to control your credit card use. When you face such an impossible situation, don’t you want a quick fix and something to change immediately? While there are 28 (amaze) stories of instant transformation, for most of us the 29 (change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river. Just be 30 (patience). 【答案】21．was 22．actually 23．the 24．or 25．to reduce 26．cleaner 27．that/which 28．amazing 29．changes 30．patient 【解析】 本文通过借用凯霍加河在以前污染非常严重，经过多年的努力，艰苦的工作终于有了回报，河水变干净了的事实告诉我们：当你面对看起来不可能解决的事情时，要敢于想办法慢慢解决，不能急躁，因为很多变化都是逐渐发生的，需要很多努力，我们需要耐心一点。 21．考查动词过去时态和主谓一致。根据本段第一句In 1969, the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland, Ohio.可知本段叙述的是过去发生的事情。the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland, Ohio在过去被污染地如此地严重，所以说过去没有人能够想象到这条河被清理干净。又主语“It”为三单，故填was。 22．考查副词用法。本句中使用副词actually做状语修饰谓语动词caught fire，actual是形容词，不能在句中做状语，通常只做定语或者表语修饰名词。故填actually。 23．考查冠词。横线后是形容词最高级most outstanding，形容词最高级前要加the,故填the。 24．考查连词。从上一段最后一句可知几年后，这条河是环境净化最杰出的例子之一。从语境可知这条河流的改变不是几天或者几个月的事情。因此前后是选择关系，故用or。 25．考查固定句式。固定句式：It takes sb. st to do sth.某人做某事花了多少时间；句中的不定式to reduce the industrial pollution and clean the water是句子真正的主语。前面的it是形式主语。故填to reduce。 26．考查比较级。本句： the water in the river is ___6___ (clean) than ever，横线后面有than，说明横线上应该使用比较级的形式。故填cleaner。 27．考查定语从句。本句是一个定语从句，先行词是a habit，定语从句中使用关系代词that/which指代先行词，在句做主语，不能省略。故填which / that。 28．考查形容词修饰物的。凡是－ed结尾的都是形容人的，表示“人感到……”，－ing结尾都是形容物的，表示“令人感到……”。本句___8___ (amazed) stories中此处修饰“stories 故事”，所以要用amazing。故填amazing。 29．考查名词复数。横线后面是系动词are，说明横线处主语应该是一个复数形式的名词，所以用changes。故填changes。change既可以作名词也可以作动词，在此为名词。 30．横线前面有系动词be，说明此处应用形容词，本句是一个祈使句be patient耐心一点。patient形容词，意为“耐心的”； patience名词，意为“耐心”。故填patient。 经典2：阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。（2022年新高考全国Ⅰ卷） The Chinese government recently finalized a plan to set up a Giant Panda National Park(GPNP). 1 (cover)an area about three times 2 size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country. The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that 3 (be)previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority 4 (increase)effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management. After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP 5 (design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, 6 leaving behind precious natural assets(资产)for future generations”. The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate 7 (population)and homes of giant pandas, and 8 (eventual)achieve a desired level of population in the wild. Giant pandas also serve 9 an umbrella species(物种), bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China. The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species 10 live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area. 【答案】 1．Covering 2．the 3．were 4．to increase 5．is designed 6．and 7．populations 8．eventually 9．as 10．that 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国政府决定建立的大熊猫国家公园(GPNP)的计划。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：该公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍，将成为中国首批国家公园之一。分析句子可知，空处应填动词非谓语形式作状语，空处和逻辑主语the GPNP为主动关系，应用现在分词形式作状语，首字母大写。故填Covering。 2．考查冠词。句意：该公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍，将成为中国首批国家公园之一。分析句子可知，此处考查倍数表达法，即为：倍数+ the size of +比较成份，因此此处应填定冠词the。故填the。 3．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区，将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构，以提高效率，减少管理上的不一致性。分析句子可知，空处在that引导的定语从句中作谓语，先行词为a significant number of areas，先行词在从句中作主语，根据“previously (之前地)”可知从句的时态应为一般过去时，根据主谓一致，从句主语复数，从句谓语要用复数形式。故填were。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区，将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构，以提高效率，减少管理上的不一致性。分析句子可知，空处应填动词非谓语形式作目的状语，故空处应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to increase。 5．考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：GPNP旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性，保护生物多样性，保护生态缓冲区，为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产”的指导原则。分析句子可知，空处在句中作谓语，和句子的主语The GPNP之间为被动关系；叙述客观事实，应用一般现在时。故设空处应为一般现在时的被动语态，主语单数，谓语应用单数形式。故填is designed。 6．考查连词。句意：GPNP旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性，保护生物多样性，保护生态缓冲区，为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产”的指导原则。分析句子可知，空处前后为并列关系，应用并列连词and。故填and。 7．考查名词。句意：GPNP的主要目标是改善不同种群和大熊猫家园之间的联系，最终达到理想的野生大熊猫数量水平。分析句子可知，空处和and后的复数名词homes并列，且在句中作宾语，应用可数名词population ，意为“种群”，且应用复数形式。故填populations。 8．考查副词。句意：GPNP的主要目标是改善不同种群和大熊猫家园之间的联系，最终达到理想的野生大熊猫数量水平。分析句子可知，空处后为动词achieve，空处应用副词作状语修饰动词achieve，结合语意可知，此处意为“最终”，应用副词eventually。故填eventually。 9．考查介词。句意：大熊猫还扮演着保护伞的角色，为中国西南和西北地区的许多动植物带来保护。分析句子可知，此处考查固定短语serve as，意为“充当”，故空处应填介词as。故填as。 10．考查定语从句。句意：该计划旨在为生活在Giant Panda Range的所有物种提供更有力的保护，并显著改善该地区的生态系统健康。分析句子可知，空处考查引导限制性定语从句的关系词，指代先行词species，指物，在从句中作主语，且先行词前有all修饰，故只能用关系代词that。故填that。 经典3：阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。（2019年新课标Ⅰ） The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland. While they are rare north of 88°, there is evidence 11 they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been 12 (poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide. Modern methods 13 tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive 14 (perform) consistently over a large area. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut 15 (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a 16 (believe) that populations are increasing. Scientists have responded by 17 (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are 18 (high) than they actually are. Of 19 nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six 20 (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data. 【答案】 11．that 12．poorly 13．of/for 14．to perform 15．have reported 16．belief 17．noting 18．higher 19．the 20．are 【解析】本文为说明文。文章介绍了近年来北极熊的生存状况。 11．考查同位语从句。根据句子结构分析可知，主句为there be句型，且结构完整，空格后为同位语从句，解释说明中心词evidence的内容，故填that。 12．考查副词用法。根据句意和结构分析可知，此处用副词poorly修饰谓语动词has been studied，意为“研究很少”。故填poorly。 13．考查介词用法。此处tracking polar bear populations作Modern methods的定语，用of连接，“methods of doing sth.”意为“……的方法”，构成固定结构；或者意为“对于跟踪北极熊的方法”用for。故填of/for。 14．考查非谓语动词。句意：跟踪北极熊数量的现代方法只是从二十世纪八十年代中期以来才开始采用，并且在如此大区域内持续采用是昂贵的。主系表结构之后常用不定式作原因或目的状语。故此处填to perform。 15．考查时态。根据上下文语境，尤其是时间状语in recent years可知，主句用现在完成时态，故填have reported。 16．考查名词。根据其前不定冠词和其后的同位语从句可知，空格处用名词形式，故填belief。 17．考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词by可知，此处用动名词作宾语，故填noting。 18．考查形容词比较级。根据其后than they actually are可知，此处为形容词的比较级，故填higher。 19．考查定冠词。此处为特指，意为“在已识别的19个北极熊亚种群中”，故填the。 20．考查主谓一致。根据three are declining，此处数词six作主语，要用复数谓语，时态为一般现在时，故填are。 2.为什么高考中环境保护是重要的命题情境 环境保护话题能成为语法填空的重要命题情境，主要有这些原因： 贴合核心教育导向：这类话题契合当下全球倡导的可持续发展理念，也符合学科育人的目标，能在语言考察的过程中潜移默化地传递生态保护意识，引导学生建立环保责任感，实现语言能力考察和价值引导的结合。 适配命题的考察需求：环保相关的语篇素材覆盖的词汇、句式范围很广，既可以融入基础的时态、词性转换、介词搭配等基础语法考点，也可以设计出考察非谓语动词、复合从句等中高级语法点的空格，能很好地匹配语法填空从基础到进阶的全维度考察要求。 贴近现实生活场景：环保是全民关注的公共议题，相关的语篇素材（比如低碳生活、野生动物保护、污染治理等主题）大多贴近学生的日常认知，不会因为话题过于冷僻给学生造成额外的理解障碍，能更公平地考察学生真实的语法应用能力，避免因背景知识差异影响考核结果。 符合考试的命题趋势：当前各类语言考试都越来越倾向于选择贴近时代热点的真实语篇作为命题载体，环保作为长期的全球热点话题，相关的外刊原文素材储备充足，语篇的语言质量也很规范，非常适合作为语法填空的命题原材料。 进阶·解题技巧 语法填空的基本技巧： 考点1 动词时态与语态 1.确定作谓语 分析句子结构，若句中无谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但空处所填词与之是并列关系时，空处就用谓语动词。 若填谓语动词，就要考虑时态、语态和主谓一致 (1)根据语境、并列谓语、时间标志词等确定用哪种时态； (2)根据主语与谓语之间是主动关系还是被动关系以确定语态； (3)根据人称和数，确保主谓一致。 2确定时态 1.根据具体的时间状语：常见的时态的时间状语标志词 时态 时间状语 一般现在时 now, today, nowadays, every year, usually等 一般过去时 yesterday, last week, in 2021, the other day, two years ago, previously等 一般将来时 next year, in the future, soon, tomorrow等 现在进行时 now, at present, at this moment等 现在完成时 since＋时间点，in/over the past... years, in recent years, for＋时间段， so far等 过去完成时 by then, by the end of ..., when/before/after引导的从句等 2.根据具并列关系： 考查动词时态的题目有时可以根据句子或谓语动词之间的平行关系词“and, but, or, rather than, neither... nor..., not only... but also...”等前后的谓语动词的时态必须一致来确定时态。 3.根据常用句式定时态： (1)was/were doing... when...＋一般过去时 (2)was/were about to do... when...＋一般过去时 (3)it is the＋序数词＋time＋that...＋现在完成时 (4)it was the＋序数词＋time＋that...＋过去完成时 (5)No sooner had＋主语＋done... than＋一般过去时 (6)Hardly/Scarcely had＋主语＋done... when＋一般过去时 (7)It will be＋时间段＋before＋一般现在时 4.根据语境暗示。没有标志性的时间状语，且其他参照物都不明显的情况下，通过正确理解语境暗示解题，也是解决时态问题尤其是易错题的重要方法。 2 动词的语态 确定语态 1.根据逻辑辨别主动或被动关系 (1)分析句子结构，发现提示词作谓语，若与主语之间是主动关系，应考虑用主动语态；若是被动关系则考虑用被动语态。 (2)被动语态的基本形式为：be＋过去分词。 (3)运用上面的技法来判断是什么时态的被动语态，再根据主谓一致判断be动词的形式。 2.主动表被动 (1)当feel，look，smell，taste，sound等后面接形容词时； (2)当read，sell，wear，write，wash等作不及物动词表示主语内在“品质”或“性能”时； 3 主谓一致 确定“主谓一致” 项目 主语 谓语动词 语法 一致 不可数名词、单数可数名词、动名词(短语)、动词不定式、主语从句、the number of＋复数可数名词 单数 复数可数名词，and连接的两个名词，a number of＋复数可数名词 复数 (together) with, as well as, but, except, along with, rather than, in addition to, including等连接的主语 与前面主语一致　　 意义 一致 “the＋形容词”表示抽象概念；强调整体的集合名词 单数 “the＋形容词”表示一类人或物；强调个体的集合名词 复数 就近 一致 neither... nor..., either... or..., not only... but also..., not... but...等连接的主语；“here/there＋谓语＋主语”结构中的主语不止一个时 与邻近主语一致　 考点2 非谓语动词 确定作非谓语 分析句子结构，所给提示词是动词时，若句中已有谓语动词，又无连词时，则考虑填非谓语动词。 1 非谓语动词作状语 1．识别标志 (1)挖空句有谓语动词，通常用逗号把状语与主干分隔开。 (2)我们需要认真分析句子结构，明确句子成分，先甄别出句子的主干，再确定用哪种形式作状语。 2．思维建模 (1)找句子主干：认真阅读挖空的句子，找出句子的主语、谓语(和宾语)，从而正确理解句意。 (2)确定谓语动词和非谓语动词：分析所给的提示词与主语和谓语动词之间的关系。 (3)确定填哪种非谓语动词形式： ①主语与提示词是逻辑上的主谓关系：表目的，用to do; 表出乎意料的结果，用only to do; 表时间、条件、原因、让步、伴随、自然而然的结果，用doing。 ②主语与提示词是逻辑上的动宾关系：表动作还未发生，用to be done; 表动作已经发生，用done。 非谓语动词作定语 1．识别标志 (1)空格可在名词或代词之前，也可在名词或代词之后，对该名词或代词起修饰或限定作用。 (2)如果有逗号隔开，放在名词或代词之后，通常对该名词进行补充说明，其作用相当于一个非限制性定语从句。 2．方法指导 (1)如果名词中心词是该动作的发出者，通常用现在分词(短语)作定语。 (2)如果名词中心词是该动作的承受者，通常用过去分词(短语)作定语。 (3)如果表示未发生的动作，且名词中心词是该动作的承受者，通常用动词不定式作定语。 3 非谓语动词作表语 1．识别标志 非谓语动词作表语包括现在分词、过去分词和动词不定式三种。空格通常在系动词 be, become, get, seem, appear, look, turn等之后，描述主语的特点或状态。 2．方法指导 (1)主语是表示人的名词或代词，通常用过去分词作表语，表示主语的心情和感受。 (2)主语是表示事物的名词或代词，通常用现在分词作表语，表示事物的特点。 (3)动词不定式作表语通常表示未发生的动作。 非谓语动词作宾语 1．识别标志 动词不定式和动名词都可以充当宾语。牢记非谓语动词作宾语的固定结构： 【高频再现】 (1)介词(如by, for, of, with, without, after等)之后加动名词作宾语，注意to的身份识别。 (2)只能跟动名词作宾语的动词和短语：advise, admit, allow, avoid, appreciate, ban, delay, deny; be accustomed to, be devoted to, lead to, object to等。 (3)在下列动词之后，常接不定式作宾语：decide, demand, offer, hope, promise, agree, plan, manage, refuse, wish, pretend, learn, want等。 2．方法指导 (1)仔细观察挖空的句子。 (2)找出(句子的)谓语动词。 (3)确定填动名词还是动词不定式。 非谓语动词作主语 1．识别标志 主语是谓语陈述的对象，通常位于句首。动名词(doing)和动词不定式(to do)都可以充当主语。 2．方法指导 【高频再现】 (1)句中缺少主语，找到句子的谓语部分，确定应用doing还是to do作主语。 (2)表示抽象的、习惯性的或经常性的动作用doing，表具体某一次的动作用to do。 (3)掌握用动名词或不定式作主语的句型： ①It's ＋adj.(hard/difficult/easy/possible/kind等)(＋for/of sb)＋to do sth ②It's no use/no good/no fun/a pleasure/no pleasure/a waste of time doing sth ③It takes sb＋some time/money＋to do sth 6.非谓语动词作补足语 1．识别标志 动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词都可充当宾语补足语。 【高频再现】 (1)不定式作宾补：allow, ask, beg, command, encourage, expect, forbid, invite, persuade, tell等＋sb to do sth。 (2)have sb/sth doing “让某人/某物一直做”； have sb/sth done “使某人/某物被……”。 (3)with复合结构 ①with＋宾语＋to do，表示动作还未发生； ②with＋宾语＋doing，表示主动、动作正在进行； ③with＋宾语＋done，表示被动、动作已完成。 2．方法指导 (1)动词不定式作宾语补足语，通常表示一个宾语发出的动作。在一些结构中必须用动词不定式作宾语补足语。 (2)现在分词作宾语补足语，宾语是动作的发出者，表示一个正在进行的、主动的动作。 (3)过去分词作宾语补足语，宾语是动作的承受者，表示一个完成的、被动的动作。 考点3词形转换 1 名词复数 名词单复数的形式比较复杂，注意掌握好以下的情况 (1)有些名词一般不用复数形式，但可用复数形式来表达不同的类别 fishes各种鱼；fruits各种水果；steels各种钢材 (2)有些名词的单复数形式表达不同的含义 snow雪, snows积雪; two people两个人，two peoples两个民族 (3)glass一词作 “玻璃”解时，为物质名词，不可数 The cup is made of glass. 作 “玻璃杯”解时，则为个体名词，可数；如I bought ten glasses this morning. 作 “眼镜”解时，须用复数形式glasses.如: a man with thick glasses (4)paper一词作“纸”解时，不可数 write on paper; 作“报纸”“文件”“考卷”解时，则可数,如: hand in your test papers (5)物质名词表示数量时，一般用表示数量的短语来表示。of之前的数量名词，要根据情况使用单数或复数形式 a cup of tea; four pieces of bread; a cake of soap (6)有些抽象名词的复数形式表示不同的含义 time(时间)→times( 时代，次，倍数) work(工作)→ works( 著作，工厂，工事) air(空气) →airs( 气派，架子,姿态 ) look(看)→looks(容貌) custom(习惯) →customs(海关) advice(劝告)→advices(消息) arm(手臂)→arms(军火) damage(损坏)→damages(赔偿金) glass(玻璃)→glasses(眼镜,玻璃杯) good(利益)→ goods(货物) compass(指南针)→compasses(圆规) manner(态度) →manners(礼貌,习俗) 2 动词变为名词 名词后缀 示例 －er/ －or announce→announcer广播员 conduct→conductor指挥；售票员 instruct→instructor 指导者，教师 design→designer设计师 －ment achieve→achievement成就 argue→argument辩论；论据 equip →equipment装备；设备 govern→government政府 －y recover→recovery恢复 discover→discovery发现 －ance/ －ence appear→appearance出现；外貌 perform→performance表演；表现 prefer→preference偏爱 refer→reference参考，查阅 －ure/ －ture fail→failure失败；倒闭 press→pressure压力 depart→departure离开；出发 mix→mixture混合(物) －ing hear→hearing听力，听觉 begin→beginning开始 build→building建筑 warn→warning 警告 －ion/ －tion/ －sion/ correct→correction改正 celebrate→celebration庆祝 conclude→conclusion结论；结束 discuss→discussion讨论；论述 decide→decision决定 admit→admission承认；准许加入 permit→permission允许，许可 invite→invitation邀请 explain→explanation解释 expect→expectation期望 3 动词变形容词 形容词后缀 示例 －able enjoy vt.享受→enjoyable adj.令人愉快的 suit vt.适合→suitable adj.合适的adjust vt.调节→adjustable adj. 可调整的 －ed frustrate vt.使沮丧→frustrated adj. 沮丧的annoy vt.使生气→annoyed adj. 恼怒的 －ing convince vt.说服，使信服→convincing adj.令人信服的 thrill vt.使兴奋 → thrilling adj.令人兴奋的 －ful forget vt.忘记→forgetful adj.健忘的 succeed vt.成功→successful adj. 成功的 －ive comprehend v. 理解→comprehensive adj. 综合性的 create v. 创造→creative adj. 有创造力的 －ant tolerate v.容忍→tolerant adj. 宽容的，容忍的 ignore v. 忽视→ignorant adj. 无知的，愚昧的 4提示词是名词的词形转换 1.名词考查转化为形容词或动词的后缀 后缀 示例 --y sun→sunny 有阳光的，晴朗的 guilt →guilty 内疚的 --ed balance→balanced平衡的 gift →gifted 有天赋的 --ful meaning→meaningful 有意义的 colour→colourful 五彩缤纷的 --able suit →suitable 合适的 change→changeable 易变的 --ous courage→courageous 勇敢的 mystery →mysterious 神秘的 --al addition→additional 附加的 globe→global 全球的 --ly friend→friendly 友好的 love→lovely 可爱的 --en wood→wooden 木制的 wool→woolen 羊毛的 --cal politics →political 政治的 ecology→ ecological 生态的 --ant significance →significant有意义的 ignorance→ ignorant 无知的 --cial commerce →commercial 商业的 finance →financial 金融的 -en deep→deepen 变深，加深 length→lengthen 延长 后缀 示例 --y sun→sunny 有阳光的，晴朗的 guilt →guilty 内疚的 --ed balance→balanced平衡的 gift →gifted 有天赋的 --ful meaning→meaningful 有意义的 colour→colourful 五彩缤纷的 --able suit →suitable 合适的 change→changeable 易变的 --ous courage→courageous 勇敢的 mystery →mysterious 神秘的 --al addition→additional 附加的 globe→global 全球的 --ly friend→friendly 友好的 love→lovely 可爱的 --en wood→wooden 木制的 wool→woolen 羊毛的 --cal politics →political 政治的 ecology→ ecological 生态的 --ant significance →significant有意义的 ignorance→ ignorant 无知的 --cial commerce →commercial 商业的 finance →financial 金融的 -en deep→deepen 变深，加深 length→lengthen 延长 2．名词转化为名词后缀 后缀 例词 －ian/ －ist/ music→ musician音乐家politics→ politician政治家 science→ scientist科学家piano→ pianist钢琴家 4. 形容词、副词的词性转化 1.形容词的词形转换 类别 例词 词尾加-y cloud→cloudy, luck→lucky, health→healthy, sleep→sleepy 词尾加-(e)d gift→gifted, talent→talented, advance→advanced, excite→excited 词尾加­ing surprise→surprising, convince→convincing, frighten→frightening 词尾加-ful/-less meaning→meaningful/meaningless, care→careful/careless, help→helpful/helpless, harm→harmful/harmless, home→homeless, colour→colourful/colourless, use→useful/useless, thank→thankful/thankless, peace→peaceful/peaceless 词尾加-able comfort→comfortable, knowledge→knowledgeable, accept→acceptable, respect→respectable 词尾加-ous danger→dangerous, courage→courageous, humour→humorous 词尾的-ce变为-t confidence→confident, difference→different 词尾加-al music→musical, person→personal, nation→national, education→educational, tradition→traditional 词尾加-ly friend→friendly, week→weekly, love→lovely 词尾加-en wood→wooden, wool→woolen 其他常见变化 energy→energetic, fool→foolish, pleasure→pleasant/pleased, science→scientific 以重读闭音节结尾的名词变成形容词时，要双写该辅音字母再加-y(如sun→sunny, fun→funny等)，以e结尾的名词要去掉e再加-y(如noise→noisy, ice→icy, taste→tasty等) 动词词尾加­ive/­ative attract→attractive, talk→talkative, prevent→preventive, protect→protective 2.副词的词形转换规律总结 类别 例词 形容词＋后缀-ly clear→clearly, great→greatly, loud→loudly, sudden→suddenly, sincere→sincerely 以辅音字母加-y结尾的形容词，把y变成i再加-ly happy→happily, heavy→heavily, angry→angrily, lucky→luckily, noisy→noisily*shy→shyly(y的发音为/aɪ/，直接加­ly) 词尾为­ble/­le的形容词，去掉e，再加-y terrible→terribly, possible→possibly, gentle→gently, probable→probably, comfortable→comfortably, responsible→responsibly, suitable→suitably (例外：whole→wholly) 词尾为-ue的形容词，去掉e再加-ly true→truly(高中阶段仅此一例) 词尾为-ll的形容词，直接加-y full→fully, dull→dully 词尾为-ic的形容词，加-ally basic→basically, scientific→scientifically, specific→specifically, automatic→automatically 6.形容词、副词比较等级 形容词、副词比较级和最高级的构成(＋­er/­est)转换 以­e结尾 ＋­r/­st late—later—latest 以“辅音字母＋y”结尾 变－y为i，＋­er/­est early—earlier—earliest 以重读闭音节结尾(末尾只有一个辅音字母) 双写结尾字母＋­er/est big—bigger—biggest 多音节和部分双音节结尾 前面加more/most beautiful—more beautiful—most beautiful 温馨提示：(1)有少数几个双音节形容词，既可以加­er和­est，又可以加more和most构成比较级和最高级。这些双音节词有：common, handsome, quiet, pleasant, cruel, stupid, friendly等。 (2)有些形容词没有程度可分或形容词本身就表示某种程度，因此没有比较级和最高级。这类形容词有：right (正确的), wrong (错误的), excellent (优秀的), possible (可能的), empty (空的), first (第一的), wooden (木制的), final (最后的), east (东方的), last (最后的), favourite (最喜欢的)等。 (3)不规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 good, well better best bad, badly, ill worse worst many, much more most little less least far farther(指时间或空间上“更远的”) farthest(指时间或空间上“最久的；最远的”) further(指空间距离“更远的”；在更大程度上) furthest(指空间距离“最远的”；在最大程度上) old older/elder oldest/eldest 考点4连词与从句引导词 填连词 如果个单词、短语、句子之间存在并列、转折、选择或因果关系，则考虑填入并列连词。如果设空处所填单词要引导从句，首先要看它引导哪种从句，然后根据引导词的种类和功能确定填哪个引导词。 1考查并列连词 空格前后的两个或几个内容在句中充当相同的成分或发挥相同的作用时，填并列连词。 ① 并列或顺承关系用and；转折关系用but；选择关系用or；因果关系用so (前因后果），for（前果后因）；对比关系用while。 ② 还要注意连词的固定搭配：both … and … ；not only … but (also) … ; neither … nor … ; either … or … 等。 2考查引导状语从句的从属连词  若空格和空格后的内容能构成一个句子且该句子同时在另外一个句子中充当某个成分时，则空格填适当的从属连词来引导相应的从句。表示条件用if, unless；表示让步用although, though；表示原因用because, as, since；表示结果用so… that…，such … that …；表示时间用when, while, as, before, after；表示地点用where, wherever；表示目的用so that，in order that；表示方式用as, as if等。 3考查引导名词性从句的连词 引导名词性从句的连词that不充当句子成分又无任何意义，whether或if不充当句子成分，意思是“是否”。在介词后或者后面紧跟or not时，只能用whether，不能用if。 1）副词的判断 引导定语从句的关系副词when指代时间名词，在定语从句中作时间状语；where代指地点名词，在定语从句中作地点状语；why代指表示原因的名词，在定语从句中作原因状语。也会关注固定句型中的副词，如too… to … , so … that … 等。 2）助动词的判断 如果句子结构完整，设空处后面是动词原形，尤其是上下文不是现在时或主语是第三人称单数时，则很可能填表示强调、疑问或倒装的助动词。 语法填空题既考查考生的语言知识也考查考生的语言技能。答题时既要考虑上下文语境和设空所在句的句意，也要分析空格处要填的词在语句中的的句子成分，还要依据固定搭配解题，因为冠词、介词、连词、代词和副词的固定搭配都是高频考点。 考点4介词、冠词、代词 1.介词 语法填空题对介词的考查形式为纯空格，即无提示词，考点主要集中在介词的基本用法和含介词的固定搭配的用法上。要求考生正确理解句意，平时注意积累名词、形容词、动词与介词的固定搭配。 首先，分析句子结构： 名词或代词或what从句在句中不作主语、表语或动词的宾语时，其前面一般是填介词；空格放在名词前后时，应考虑名词与介词的搭配；空格放在不及物动词后名词前时，应考虑动词与介词的搭配；空格放在形容词后名词前时，应考虑形容词与介词的搭配。 无提示词填空对介词的考查两点： ① 介词的基本用法（如at、in、on表示时间，by、before、after、till/until表示时间，by、in、on、with表示“使用……工具、方式、手段”等）， ② 固定搭配中的介词：介词与名词、介词与动词、介词与形容词或副词之间的固定搭配（如：by chance碰巧，on average平均，in vain徒劳；adapt to适应，account for说明……的原因，come across遇见，remind sb. of sth.提醒某人某事；be curious about对……好奇的，be popular with受……的欢迎，be proud of因……而自豪的，be rich in富含……的）。 介词常见用法（具体参考本专辑专题考点04） 时间介词 in(表示一天中某段时间,指天、年、月、季节、周次等),on(表示某一天或星期几,指明具体的时间),at(表示特定的时间、节日、年龄),by(…的时候、到、等到…已经等,用在天、时间的前面) 1.in 与after的用法区别：A.介词in+一段时间用于一般将来时。B.介词after+一段时间用于一般过去时。C.介词after+时间点常用于一般将来时。 2. for与since的用法区别：A.介词for表示一段时间。B.介词since表示从过去某一时间以来。 3. during与for的用法区别：A.当所指的时间起止分明时用介词during。B.如果一段时间不明确则用介词for。 4. before与by的用法区别：A.介词before表示“在…之前”。B.介词by表示“到…时为止,不迟于…”。 地点介词 in, at, on, to 1.at 与in 的用法区别：at表示较小的地方，如家、村、乡村等。in表示较大的地方，如大城市、国家、洲等。 2.at与on的用法区别：at用于门牌号。on用于路名。 3.in,on,to的用法区别：in表示“包含”，如：Beijing is in the north ofChina.on表示“紧邻”，如:Canada lies on the north of theU.S.to表示“没接触”，如：France lies to the south of England. 方式介词 with, in, by in,with,by的用法区别：in表示“用材料、语言”。如： Can you say it in English?with表示“用工具、某物”如: with a pen。by表示“用、以、靠、通过…方法”。如：He prefers traveling by car. 方位介词 at, in, on, to, beneath, over, under, above, below, in front of / in the front of / behind, between / among, over/across/through 1.in,on,at 的用法区别：in表示“排、行、组”。on表示“左、右”。at表示“前、后”。  2.on, over, above的用法区别：on表示一物放在另一物上面两者紧贴在一起。over表示一种垂直悬空的上下关系，即“在…上方”。介词above表示一般的“高于….”，“在…之上”。 3.under与below的用法区别：under是over的反义词即“在…下方”。below是above的反义词即“低于…” ,“在…之下”。 4. across, through, over, past的用法区别：across着重于“从—头或—边到另—头或另—边”，强调从表面穿过。through着重于“穿越” ，强调从一定的空间内穿过。over多表示从“上方越过”。past表示从“面前经过” 。 其他 1.当表示时间的词前有this, that时，其前面不用介词，如：this morning 2.当表示时间的词前有next时，其前面不用介词，如: next Sunday 3.当表示时间的词前有last时，其前面不用介词，如：last Sunday 4.当表示时间的词前有one, any, each, every, some或all时，其前面不用介词，如：You can come any day. 2.冠词 冠词是语法填空的高频考点，经常考查不定冠词a, an和定冠词the的基本用法和固定搭配。首先看空格后是否有名词，有单数可数名词，搭配后表示泛指时，应考虑不定冠词a/an；有名词，搭配后表示特指时，应考虑定冠词the；还要看是否是固定搭配。 种类 常见用法 不定冠词 (a / an) 1. 修饰可数名词单数，表示泛指。以元音音素开头的单词前需要用an，而以辅音音素开头的单词前用a。如：an apple, a banana, an umbrella。 2. 与序数词连用，表示再一，又一”。如：You can try it a second time if you fail. 3. 固定搭配。如：all of a sudden; as a matter of fact; as a result; as a rule; as a whole; at a distance; in a way。 定冠词 (the) 1. 表复指上文提到过的人或物。如：We have a cat and two dogs. The cat is black and the dogs are white. 2. 表特指说话双方都知道的人或物。如： Pass me the dictionary, please. 3. 用于比较级前，特指两个被比较的对象的一个。如：Of the two brothers, the younger is more interesting. 零冠词 1. 记忆口诀：下列情况应免冠，代词限定名词前，专有名词不可数，学科球类三餐饭，复数名词表泛指，两节星期月份前，颜色语种和国名，称呼习语及头衔。 2. 固定搭配。如：lose heart, by chance, in time, catch sight of, in place of。 特殊用法 1.抽象名词或物质名词具体化。如：a surprise 一件意外的事情；a pleasure一个令人快乐的事情。 2. 序数词前的冠词活用。如：Can you give me a second chance, please? 3.表示乐器的名词前的冠词活用。如：play the piano；play erhu。 3.代词及其它 无提示词语法填空对代词的考查主要集中在引导定语从句的关系代词、引导名词性从句的连接代词和it的用法。 1考查关系代词 先行词为人时，在定语从句中作主语的关系代词可用who或that，在定语从句中作宾语的关系代词可用whom/who/that（在介词后只能用whom）,在定语从句中作定语的关系代词可用whose。 ② 先行词为物时，在定语从句中作主语或宾语的关系代词可用which或that（在介词后只能用which），在定语从句中作定语的关系代词可用whose。 ③ 还要知道引导定语从句的关系代词在下列场合只能用that：先行词既有人又有物、先行词是表示事物的不定代词或被某些不定代词修饰、表示事物的先行词被序数词或最高级修饰。 2考查连接代词 名词性从句不缺成分且意义完整时用that引导，名词性从句缺主语或宾语时，如果表示未知的事物，用what，已知的事物，表示“哪一个”用which；表示人时，作主语用who，作宾语用whom。 3考查 it 的固定搭配 关于代词it，主要考查以下用法： ① it代替上文提到的单数可数名词或不可数名词。 ② it用于强调句型中。 ③ it作形式主语或形式宾语。 ④ it用在固定结构中。常见的含有it的固定结构： I got it. 我明白了。 At last we made it. 我们终于成功了。 I can’t help it.  我没有办法。 Take it easy. 别着急。 Believe it or not. 信不信由你。 When it comes to... 当谈及……等 拔高·模拟演练 1.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。（2027·重庆市第一中学校阶段检测） For over 30 years, Wensuyalatu has made the Gobi Desert his workplace, 1 (dedicate) his life to combating desertification. 2 (locate) on the edge of the desert in Inner Mongolia, the Urad Rear Banner is a key area in China’s Three-North Shelterbelt Forest Program. In 1991, Wensuyalatu chose to devote himself to ecological conservation. Since then, he has remained on the front lines, witnessing the 3 (destroy) power of desert sands and working to find solutions. Every spring, the planting season would coincide with 4 fiercest sandstorm. It tested local volunteers’ patience 5 required great efforts for tree-planting work. “The sand hit your face like needles. We followed workers to dig holes and plant trees, and at night stayed in shelters to organize data,” he recalled. By no means 6 (be) the initial effort to restore the desert easy. Years of drought, low survival rates of seedlings (树苗), and disbelief from residents created major obstacles. Some herders believed deserts were naturally poor and 7 no effort could make trees grow there. Wensuyalatu’s years of hard work are believed 8 (change) deep-rooted prejudice among local people. Through persistent efforts, he gradually won the community’s 9 (approve) and support. Facing ongoing challenges, he explored new approaches that go 10 traditional restoration methods, eventually turning the desert into a land of hope. 【答案】 1．dedicating 2．Located 3．destructive 4．the 5．and 6．was 7．that 8．to have changed 9．approval 10．beyond 【解析】主要讲述温苏雅拉图扎根戈壁沙漠三十余年，投身治沙、克服重重困难，改造荒漠的事迹。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：三十多年来，温苏雅拉图把戈壁沙漠当作自己的工作场所，毕生致力于防治荒漠化。句子谓语动词是has made，此处为非谓语动词作伴随状语，dedicate“致力于”与其逻辑主语Wensuyalatu之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词dedicating。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：乌拉特后旗位于内蒙古沙漠边缘，是中国三北防护林工程的重点区域。句子谓语动词是is，此处为非谓语动词，locate“坐落于，位于”与其逻辑主语the Urad Rear Banner之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词located作状语，位于句首，首字母需大写。 3．考查形容词。句意：从那以后，他一直坚守在一线，见证沙漠沙尘的破坏力，并努力寻找解决办法。名词power前面需要形容词作定语，destroy是动词，形容词形式destructive意为“破坏性的”。 4．考查冠词。句意：每年春天，植树季都会遇上最猛烈的沙尘暴。形容词最高级fiercest前面要加定冠词the。 5．考查连词。句意：这考验着当地志愿者的耐心，并且植树工作需要付出巨大努力。空格前后是两个并列的谓语部分，表示顺承关系，所以用并列连词and。 6．考查倒装句与动词时态。句意：最初的沙漠修复工作绝非易事。本句为by no means置于句首引起的部分倒装，主语the initial effort为单数，描述过去的事情，用一般过去时，所以be动词用was。 7．考查宾语从句。句意：一些牧民认为沙漠天生贫瘠，任何努力都无法让树木在那里生长。此处为第二个宾语从句，和前面的宾语从句并列，从句句意完整，不缺成分，用连接词that，只起连接作用，无实际含义。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：人们认为温苏雅拉图多年的辛苦工作已经改变了当地人根深蒂固的偏见。固定结构be believed to do sth.，此处动作change发生在被人们认可之前，要用不定式的完成式to have changed。 9．考查名词。句意：通过坚持不懈的努力，他逐渐赢得了社区的认可与支持。名词所有格community’s后面接名词，approve是动词，名词形式approval意为“认可，赞成”。 10．考查介词。句意：面对持续的挑战，他探索超越传统修复方法的新途径，最终把荒漠变成充满希望的土地。固定搭配go beyond意为“超越”，所以此处为介词beyond。 2. 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。（2027·广东深圳市罗湖区多校联考） The 2026 Global E-Waste Monitor by the United Nations notes that only 17% of discarded (丢弃的) electronics are processed through official and eco-friendly channels, with the remainder ending up 1 landfills or informal sites. Improper treatment releases toxic substances such as lead and mercury, which prove environmentally 2 (damage) and seriously threaten human health. A recent study on urban air quality also 3 (reveal) similar patterns in pollution levels between 2020 and 2025. By collecting data from 30 major cities worldwide, the study finds that while vehicle emissions have decreased, industrial activity remains a major contributor, suggesting that technological progress does not 4 (necessary) translate into overall environmental gains. Yet the real question is not 5 severe the pollution is, but whether workable solutions can be found in time. Various 6 (measure) have been tried yet progress remains slow. In many countries, air quality still worsens during peak production months with informal recycling sites 7 (continue) to operate beyond regulatory reach. However, there are promising signs. Some cities have started using sensors 8 (power) by AI to track pollution hotspots. Meanwhile, AI sorting systems 9 (apply) in recycling factories since the rise of smart environmental technology, achieving over 95% accuracy in classifying electronic components, plastic shells and metal materials. These cases suggest that the path forward is challenging, but not hopeless if governments, industries, and individuals jointly commit to 10 unified and lasting strategy. 【答案】 1．in 2．damaging 3．reveals 4．necessarily 5．how 6．measures 7．continuing 8．powered 9．have been applied 10．a 【解析】本文介绍电子垃圾不当处理带来的污染现状，分析污染治理进展缓慢的原因，并介绍人工智能助力环保的可行办法。 1．考查介词。句意：联合国《2026全球电子废弃物监测报告》指出仅有17%废弃电子产品经由正规环保渠道处理，其余最终流入垃圾填埋场或非正规场地。end up in…是固定搭配，表示“最终落到……地方”。 2．考查形容词。句意：不当处理会释放铅、汞等有毒物质，证实对环境有害，并且严重威胁人类健康。prove后应接形容词作表语，damage的形容词形式为damaging，意为“有破坏性的，有害的”。 3．考查谓语动词。句意：一项近期关于城市空气质量的研究也揭示出2020‑2025年间污染程度有着相似态势。本句描述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时；主语A recent study是单数，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式reveals。 4．考查副词。句意：该研究收集了全球30座主要城市的数据后发现：尽管机动车排放量有所下降，工业生产依旧是主要污染源，这表明技术进步未必能够带来整体环境状况的改善。空处修饰动词短语translate into，需用副词作状语；necessary的副词形式为necessarily；not necessarily意为“未必，不一定”。 5．考查连词。句意：然而真正的问题不在于污染有多严重，而在于能否及时找到可行方案。空处引导表语从句，应用连接副词how，修饰形容词severe，表示程度“多么”。 6．考查名词。句意：人们尝试过多种多样的措施，但进展依旧缓慢。形容词various后应接可数名词复数measures，意为“措施”。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：在许多国家，生产旺季的空气质量依旧变差，各类非正规回收站点仍在监管覆盖范围之外运转。此处是with复合结构，informal recycling sites和continue是主动关系，应用现在分词continuing作宾语补足语。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：部分城市已经开始使用人工智能驱动的传感器追踪污染高发区域。句中已有谓语动词have started，空处应填非谓语形式；sensors和power是被动关系，应用过去分词powered作后置定语。 9．考查谓语动词。句意：同时，随着智慧环保技术兴起，回收工厂已经启用人工智能分拣系统。由时间标志词since可知，此处应用现在完成时；主语AI sorting systems和apply之间是被动关系，且主语是复数，应用现在完成时的被动语态have been applied。 10．考查冠词。句意：这些实例表明前路充满挑战，但只要政府、企业和个人共同落实一套统一且长效的应对方案，仍然大有希望。strategy是可数名词单数，此处泛指“一项统一的策略”，且unified以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。 3.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。（2027·湖北黄石市质量监测） In May 2025, a rose bloomed at the edge of the Taklamakan Desert, the last seedling planted along a 3,046-kilometer green barrier — the world’s longest sand-blocking wall. Its roots trace back to 1978, 1 China launched the Three-North Shelterbelt Forest Program (TNSFP). Stretching 2 Heilongjiang to Xinjiang, the TNSFP covers 13 provinces across 4.07 million square kilometers. Its sixth phase, 3 (launch) in 2021 and set for completion by 2030, aims to consolidate sand control achievements. At the Hexi Corridor, 100,000 roses now bloom. Scientists screened over 50 plant varieties to identify species with ecological and economic 4 (benefit). Drip irrigation maximizes limited water resources. In Qiemo County, veterans lead teams that balance restoration with industry — roses yield jam, skincare products and drinks. Innovative techniques include reed grass grids (芦苇草方格), 5 Chinese invention for stabilizing sand, which involves pressing wheat straw into one-meter-square patterns to reduce wind speed and trap sand. As the straw decomposes, it enriches the soil and enables vegetation to take root. Solar panels generate clean energy while 6 (form) wind barriers that improve soil moisture and vegetation 7 (cover), creating a microclimate that supports plant growth and local livelihoods. The goal is not to remove the desert, 8 to lock its edges to prevent expansion. Inner Mongolia, Gansu, Qinghai, and Xinjiang collaborate on shelterbelt forests and solar-powered stabilization. Targeting wind-sand corridors and oasis gaps, they have built a 9 (layer) defense system. Generations 10 (sow) seeds for future oases for decades, and they keep carrying on this work, with the story between humans and the desert still being written. 【答案】 1．when 2．from 3．launched 4．benefits 5．a 6．forming 7．coverage 8．but 9．layered 10．have been sowing 【解析】本文介绍了塔克拉玛干沙漠的治沙项目——三北防护林工程的覆盖范围、阶段规划、创新技术、核心目标，展现了中国探索人与沙漠和谐共存的动人故事。 1．考查定语从句。句意：它的渊源可以追溯到1978年，那一年中国启动了三北防护林工程。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词1978，表示时间，从句结构完整，不缺少主语或宾语成分，因此需要用关系副词when在从句中作时间状语。 2．考查介词。句意：三北防护林工程从黑龙江延伸至新疆，覆盖13个省份，共407万平方公里。from... to...为固定搭配，表示“从……到……”。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：第六期工程于2021年启动，预计2030年完工，目标是巩固治沙成果。sixth phase与launch之间为逻辑上的被动关系，因此需要用过去分词launched作后置定语。 4．考查名词复数。句意：科学家筛选了50多种植物，以找出同时具备生态效益和经济效益的物种。此处benefit表示“多种效益”，对应前面的ecological和economic两个不同维度，因此需要用复数形式benefits。 5．考查冠词。句意：创新技术包括芦苇草方格，这是一种固沙的中国发明，涉及将麦秸压制成一米见方的格状结构，以降低风速并拦截沙子。此处泛指“一项中国发明”，Chinese发音以辅音音素开头，因此用不定冠词a。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：太阳能板产出清洁能源，同时形成防风屏障，改善土壤湿度和植被覆盖率，创造出利于植物生长、惠及当地民生的小气候。此处为连词while引导的时间状语从句的省略结构，完整结构为while solar panels are forming wind barriers，省略主语和be动词后，保留现在分词forming，表主动进行的动作。 7．考查名词。句意同上。此处and连接并列的名词短语，空格处需要名词作improve的宾语，动词cover转换为名词coverage表示“覆盖范围，覆盖率”，为不可数名词。 8．考查连词。句意：目标不是消除沙漠，而是锁定沙漠边界阻止其扩张。not... but...为固定搭配，表示“不是……而是……”。 9．考查形容词。句意：针对风沙通道和绿洲缺口，他们已经建成了分层防御体系。空格处作定语修饰名词defense system，需要用形容词layered表示“分层的”。 10．考查动词时态。句意：几十年来，一代又一代人一直在为未来的绿洲播种，他们仍在继续这项事业，人类与沙漠的故事仍在书写。时间状语for decades表示动作从过去开始持续到现在，并且根据后半句they keep carrying on this work可知动作仍在进行，因此需要用现在完成进行时have been sowing。 4.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。（2027·重庆市西南大学附属中学校月考） On July 27, 2026, the 48th UNESCO World Heritage Committee meeting took place in Busan. At the meeting, the Changshan Islands Migratory Bird Habitat in Dalian, Liaoning Province 1 (approve) to be included as an extension to the World Natural Heritage site of the Yellow and Bohai Gulf Migratory Bird Habitats. Located in the northern Yellow Sea, the Changshan Islands serve as a vital energy station on 2 millions of migratory birds rely during their annual long-distance journey. However, coastal development 3 (cause) severe loss of suitable habitats on these islands in the past few years. Living difficulties 4 (arise) from habitat loss make birds search desperately 5 food and shelter. Accordingly, many scientists expressed 6 (anticipate) that the islands would fill a long-standing gap of temperate rocky island heritage sites within China’s conservation network. With four isolated core island reef zones 7 (include), the newly-added heritage area boasts rich coastal and island habitats, providing birds shelter from freezing winds and highlighting the value of coastal protection. Local authorities promise strict and practical 8 (measure) to protect the fragile ecosystem and maintain long-term ecological balance. Volunteers are 9 (urgent) called on to raise public awareness of wildlife protection. With all the efforts, it is believed that the islands will remain a safe home for migratory birds and offer people 10 unique chance to appreciate coastal biodiversity. 【答案】 1．was approved 2．which 3．has caused 4．arising 5．for 6．anticipation 7．included 8．measures 9．urgently 10．a 【解析】本文讲述辽宁大连长山群岛候鸟栖息地成功增补为世界自然遗产地，介绍了该地对候鸟迁徙的重要意义、面临的栖息地破坏问题，以及当地为保护海岛生态和候鸟资源采取的相关举措。 1．考查时态和语态。句意：会上，辽宁省大连市长山群岛候鸟栖息地获批列入黄渤海候鸟栖息地世界自然遗产扩展项目。主语the Changshan Islands Migratory Bird Habitat与approve为被动关系，根据前文过去时间状语“On July 27, 2026”可知，时态为一般过去时的被动语态，主语为第三人称单数，所以谓语动词为was approved。 2．考查定语从句。句意：长山群岛位于黄海北部，是数百万候鸟年度长途迁徙途中赖以生存的重要能量补给站。“介词on+关系代词”引导定语从句，先行词指物，介词后只能用which。 3．考查时态。句意：然而，在过去几年里，海岸开发导致这些岛屿适宜的栖息地严重流失。in the past few years为现在完成时标志，谓语动词用现在完成时形式，主语为第三人称单数，所以谓语动词为has caused。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：栖息地减少带来的生存困境，让鸟类拼命寻找食物和栖息处。arise与前面名词difficulties为主动关系，用现在分词arising作后置定语。 5．考查介词。句意：栖息地减少带来的生存困境，让鸟类拼命寻找食物和栖息处。固定搭配search for，意为“寻找”，所以使用介词for。 6．考查名词。句意：因此，许多科学家期待这些岛屿能够填补我国保护体系中长期缺失的温带岩岛遗产地空白。动词expressed后接名词作宾语，需将动词anticipate转换为名词形式anticipation，意为“期待”。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：新增遗产区域包含四处独立的核心岛礁片区，拥有丰富的海岸与海岛栖息地，为鸟类抵御寒风提供庇护，凸显海岸保护的价值。with复合结构中，宾语four isolated core island reef zones与include为被动关系，用过去分词included作宾补。 8．考查名词复数。句意：当地政府承诺采取严格可行的措施，保护脆弱的生态系统，维持长期生态平衡。measure表示“措施”时为可数名词，此处泛指多项措施，用复数形式。 9．考查副词。句意：相关部门紧急号召志愿者提高公众的野生动物保护意识。修饰动词短语需要用副词urgently，意为“紧急地”。 10．考查冠词。句意：在各方努力下，这些岛屿将持续成为候鸟的安全家园，也为人们提供领略海岸生物多样性的独特机会。此处表泛指，unique以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a。 5.阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。（2027·重庆市南开中学校阶段检测） Thanks to continuous efforts in ecological conservation made by China, the environment in the South China Sea has improved 1 (steady), which offers valuable experience for global ocean governance. China is committed 2 integrated ocean protection and systematic restoration. By 2025, the government had set about 27,000 square kilometers of ocean conservation red lines in this region, 3 (safeguard) vital biodiversity and habitats. So far, over 170 ocean protected areas of various levels 4 (establish) in the area. In its major waters, live coral 5 (cover) climbed from 5.1 percent to 19.7 percent within five years. Artificial reef frameworks filled with coral seedlings continue to expand across shallow coastal zones, 6 creates new shelters for shellfish. Strict seasonal fishing 7 (ban) further reduce human interference in ocean habitats. 8 (abandon) fishing nets and plastic waste are regularly collected by coastal monitoring teams. Coastal cities also combine ecological restoration with sustainable ocean tourism. Low-impact sightseeing routes replace destructive offshore activities, balancing between environmental protection 9 local economic growth. The gradual recovery of the South China Sea’s ocean ecosystem stands as 10 clear example of harmonious coexistence between human society and the ocean. 【答案】 1．steadily 2．to 3．safeguarding 4．have been established 5．coverage 6．which 7．bans 8．Abandoned 9．and 10．a 【解析】本文主要介绍了中国通过持续的生态保护努力，使得南海环境稳步改善，为全球海洋治理提供了宝贵经验，具体阐述了中国在南海开展的各项海洋保护举措及取得的成效，展现了人类社会与海洋和谐共存的发展范例。 1．考查副词。句意：得益于中国在生态保护方面的持续努力，南海的环境已经稳步改善，这为全球海洋治理提供了宝贵经验。设空处修饰谓语动词improve，需用副词形式。形容词steady的副词形式是steadily。 2．考查介词。句意：中国致力于海洋综合保护和系统修复。固定搭配be committed to，意为“致力于”，其中to是介词。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：到2025年，政府已在该区域划定约2.7万平方公里的海洋保护红线，保障重要的生物多样性和栖息地。主句为the government had set about 27,000 square kilometers of ocean conservation red lines in this region，设空处为非谓语作伴随状语，与主句主语the government构成主动关系，需用现在分词形式。 4．考查动词时态和语态。句意：到目前为止，该区域已建立170多个不同层级的海洋保护区。主语over 170 ocean protected areas of various levels与动词establish构成被动关系，时间状语So far是现在完成时的标志，主语为复数，现在完成时的被动语态结构为have been done。 5．考查名词。句意：在其主要水域内，活珊瑚覆盖率在五年内从5.1%攀升至19.7%。设空处在句中作主语，需用名词形式，动词cover的名词coverage意为“覆盖范围、覆盖率”。 6．考查定语从句。句意：布满珊瑚幼苗的人工礁框架在沿海浅水区不断扩展，这为贝类创造了新的庇护所。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个主句的内容，在从句中作主语，用关系代词which。 7．考查名词。句意：严格的季节性休渔进一步减少了人类对海洋栖息地的干扰。设空处在句中作主语，谓语reduce为原形，说明主语是复数名词，ban此处为名词“禁令”，复数形式为bans。 8．考查过去分词。句意：被遗弃的渔网和塑料垃圾会由海岸监测队定期收集。设空处修饰名词fishing nets，fishing nets与abandon构成逻辑上的被动关系，需用过去分词作定语，abandon的过去分词是abandoned，句首首字母大写。 9．考查连词。句意：低影响的观光路线取代了破坏性的近海活动，平衡了环境保护和当地经济发展。本句用到固定搭配between... and...，意为“在……和……之间”，连接两个并列的名词短语。 10．考查冠词。句意：南海海洋生态系统的逐步恢复是人类社会与海洋和谐共存的一个鲜明范例。此处泛指“一个鲜明的范例”，clear以辅音音素开头，需用不定冠词a。 6.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。（2026·江苏南通市月考） Huzhou, Zhejiang province, is where the idea that clear waters and green 1 (mountain) are invaluable assets first took root. In 2 1980s, Huzhou thrived thanks to its high-quality limestone reserves. But mining came 3 the cost of ecology. It led to the destruction of grasslands and forests and threatened the local ecosystem. When the authorities resolved to shut down its mines, few people 4 (anticipate) that this move would pave the way for a new development path. Starting in 2003, Huzhou joined Zhejiang province’s action plan to rejuvenate the countryside. In March this year, China’s first local regulation 5 (specific) designed to encourage young people to develop rural areas was enacted in Huzhou. By integrating youth-driven rural development into local legal and planning frameworks, the regulation aims 6 (address) key challenges and inject fresh energy into rural revitalization. Since the start of 2025, Huzhou 7 (launch) over 2,000 youth-led innovation projects across its rural areas. These initiatives are giving rise to new business models and lifestyles, all 8 (drive) by the creativity and ambition of young people. From the digital nomad community to a wide range of innovative projects 9 help boost local incomes, more and more young people in Huzhou are turning their dreams into reality. Huzhou will continue to empower rural development through young talent. This influx (流入) of talent is reshaping urban-rural integration, 10 (offer) a dynamic new vision of balanced growth. 【答案】 1．mountains 2．the 3．at 4．anticipated 5．specifically 6．to address 7．has launched 8．driven 9．that/which 10．offering 【解析】文章主要讲述了浙江省湖州是“绿水青山就是金山银山”理念发源地，从早年过度采矿破坏生态，到关停矿山转型乡村振兴，出台全国首个地方条例吸引青年返乡创业，青年项目带动乡村新业态发展，人才流入重塑城乡融合新格局的发展历程。 1．考查名词。句意：浙江省湖州市是“绿水青山就是金山银山”理念首次落地生根的地方。mountain为可数名词，前面无冠词限定，与前面waters并列，需用复数形式mountains，固定搭配clear waters and green mountains意为“绿水青山”。 2．考查冠词。句意：在20世纪80年代，湖州凭借优质石灰岩储量蓬勃发展。“in the + 年份复数”为固定结构，表示“在某世纪某年代”。 3．考查介词。句意：但是采矿是以生态为代价的。at the cost of是固定短语，意为“以……为代价”。 4．考查时态。句意：当政府下定决心关停矿山时，几乎没人预料到这一举措会为全新发展道路铺平道路。根据“When the authorities resolved”可知，此句描述的是过去的事实，用一般过去时，anticipate的过去式为anticipated。 5．考查副词。句意：今年3月，我国首部专门鼓励青年投身乡村发展的地方性法规在湖州颁布实施。此处修饰过去分词designed，需用副词作状语，specific的副词形式为specifically，意为“专门地，具体地”。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：该条例将青年主导的乡村发展纳入当地法律与规划框架，旨在解决关键挑战，为乡村振兴注入全新活力。aim to do sth. 是固定搭配，意为“旨在做某事”，用不定式形式to address作宾语。 7．考查时态。句意：自2025年初以来，湖州已在全域乡村落地超2000个青年主导创新项目。根据时间状语“Since the start of 2025”可知，动作从过去持续到现在，谓语动词应用现在完成时，基本结构为have/has done；主语Huzhou为单数，助动词用has。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：这些举措催生了全新商业模式与生活方式，全部由青年人的创造力与抱负驱动。此处为独立主格结构，逻辑主语all与drive之间是被动关系，表示“被驱动”，应用过去分词driven。 9．考查定语从句。句意：从数字游民社群到各类助力增收的创新项目，越来越多湖州青年将梦想变为现实。此处为定语从句，先行词是innovative projects，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或which。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：人才涌入重塑了城乡一体化发展格局，为均衡发展提供了充满活力的全新图景。此句已有谓语动词is reshaping，空处应填非谓语结构，主语This influx of talent与offer之间是主动关系，应用现在分词offering作伴随状语。 7.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。（2026·云南省昭通市第一中学月考） China has adopted a comprehensive approach to wetland protection by building the world’s 1 (large) number of international wetland cities and forming global partnerships. As a result, the success of its conservation efforts has benefited both its biodiversity and the health of cross-border ecosystems. This work is visible in both the latest progress and long-term outcomes. China has 2 (recent) added 22 wetlands — including the Genheyuan Wetland in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and the Jiushan Islands in Zhejiang Province — 3 its list of sites of national importance, bringing 4 total to 80. This 5 (expand), alongside the introduction of China’s first 6 (specialize) law on wetland protection, marks a significant milestone in its ecological efforts and 7 (reflect) its sustained dedication to conservation. These measures 8 (produce) remarkable results to date. China is now home to 82 wetlands, recognized as of international importance and 22 international wetland cities. Meanwhile, the country has added or restored more than 1 million hectares of wetlands nationwide. Ultimately, through these actions, China is demonstrating to the world 9 to bring nature back into cities and design new urban areas 10 are better at absorbing rainwater, allowing the natural water cycle to function. 【答案】 1．largest 2．recently 3．to 4．the 5．expansion 6．specialized 7．reflects 8．have produced 9．how 10．that/which 【解析】文章讲述我国多措并举全面保护湿地，新增多处国家级重要湿地、出台专项法规，湿地修复成效显著，也为全球城市生态建设提供借鉴。 1．考查形容词最高级。句意：中国通过打造全球数量最多的国际湿地城市、搭建国际合作关系，实施全方位湿地保护方案。由the world’s可知，此处应用最高级largest。 2．考查副词。句意：中国近期新增了 22 处湿地——包括内蒙古自治区的根河源湿地和浙江省的九山岛——将其具有国家重要性的湿地名录扩大到了 80 处。修饰动词added应用副词recently，表“最近”，在本句中作状语。 3．考查介词。句意：同上。此处考查固定搭配add...to...，表“把……加入……”。 4．考查冠词。句意：同上。此处考查固定搭配bring the total to，表“使总数达到”，the特指总数。 5．考查名词。句意：此次湿地范围扩容，加之我国首部湿地保护专项法律落地施行，成为我国生态建设进程中的重要里程碑，也彰显了我国持之以恒投身生态保护的决心。此处作主语用名词expansion，表“扩张”，由This可知，这里应用单数形式。 6．考查形容词。句意：此次湿地范围扩容，加之我国首部湿地保护专项法律落地施行，成为我国生态建设进程中的重要里程碑，也彰显了我国持之以恒投身生态保护的决心。修饰名词law应用形容词specialized，表“专门的”。 7．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：此次湿地范围扩容，加之我国首部湿地保护专项法律落地施行，成为我国生态建设进程中的重要里程碑，也彰显了我国持之以恒投身生态保护的决心。此空为谓语动词，主语This expansion与reflect为主动关系，主语为单数，与marks并列用一般现在时reflects。 8．考查时态。句意：迄今为止，这些举措已经收获卓著成效。此空为谓语动词，主语These measures与produce为主动关系，to date是现在完成时标志，主语measures复数，所以应填have produced。 9．考查连词。句意：归根结底，通过上述举措，中国向世界展示了怎样把自然融入城市、规划建设更利于蓄水的新型城区，从而让自然水循环正常运转。分析句子结构可知，此处考查固定结构how to do，表“如何做某事”，符合语境。 10．考查定语从句。句意：归根结底，通过上述举措，中国向世界展示了怎样把自然融入城市、规划建设更利于蓄水的新型城区，从而让自然水循环正常运转。此处为定语从句，先行词urban areas，指物，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或which引导。 8.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。（2026·河南部分学校质量检测） Afforestation (植树造林) is a good way to deal with climate change. As the first ecological restoration project of large-scale mountain afforestation in Xizang Autonomous Region, the greening project of the bare mountains on both sides of the Lhasa River has pioneered 1 effective and new model of ecological restoration, 2 is adjusted to local conditions and empowered by technology. By doing so, it has worked wonders in high-altitude areas, with the once bare mountains 3 (come) alive with green life at present. Since the greening project was launched, much of afforestation 4 (complete). The innovative practices tailored to local conditions have greatly helped the project achieve 5 (fruit) results as well as established a reference for high-altitude ecological restoration. Lhasa has gathered a set of ecological restoration solutions applicable in other high-altitude areas 6 conducting continuous practice during recent years. The project integrates technological assistance, engineering management, official guarantees, and public monitoring 7 (control) the quality of young trees and protection management. It also carries out inspections of soil 8 (improve), seedling quality, and planting technology, and acceptance checks of the construction quality, survival rates, and management effectiveness. 9 (combine) with the concept of ecological priority, the green development path that Lhasa is exploring will 10 (great) enhance ecological, economic, and social benefits, beneficial to both humans and nature. 【答案】 1．an 2．which 3．coming 4．has been completed 5．fruitful 6．by 7．to control 8．improvement 9．Combined 10．greatly 【解析】文章介绍了拉萨河两岸荒山绿化工程因地制宜、依托科技，完成高原植树造林，总结出生态修复方案，助力当地实现绿色可持续发展。 1．考查冠词。句意：作为西藏自治区首个大规模荒山造林生态修复项目，拉萨河两岸荒山绿化工程开创了一种因地制宜、科技赋能的新型有效生态修复模式。此处泛指“一种新模式”，且effective以元音音素开头，用不定冠词an。 2．考查定语从句。句意：作为西藏自治区首个大规模荒山造林生态修复项目，拉萨河两岸荒山绿化工程开创了一种因地制宜、科技赋能的新型有效生态修复模式。此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词为model，指代事物，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：通过这一举措，该工程在高海拔地区创造了奇迹，昔日的荒山如今焕发生机、绿意盎然。此处为with复合结构，mountains与come为主动关系，所以应用现在分词coming作宾补。 4．考查时态和语态。句意：自绿化工程启动以来，大部分植树造林工作已完成。此处为谓语动词，since引导时间状语从句为一般过去时，主句用现在完成时；主语afforestation与complete为被动关系，主语为不可数名词，所以应填has been completed。 5．考查形容词。句意：这些因地制宜的创新举措，极大助力该项目取得丰硕成果，也为高海拔地区生态修复提供了参考范例。此处修饰名词results，用fruit的形容词形式fruitful，意为“富有成效的”。 6．考查介词。句意：近年来，通过持续实践，拉萨已总结出一套可应用于其他高海拔地区的生态修复方案。此处表示“通过某种方式”，用介词by后跟动名词作宾语。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：该项目整合技术支持、工程管理、官方保障与公众监督，用以管控幼苗质量与管护工作。此处用不定式作目的状语，应用to control。 8．考查名词。句意：项目还开展土壤改良、苗木质量、种植技术方面的检查，以及工程质量、成活率和管护成效方面的验收工作。此处用名词作of宾语，improve的名词形式为improvement，意为“改善；改进”，为不可数名词。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：结合生态优先理念，拉萨正在探索的绿色发展道路，将极大提升生态、经济与社会效益，实现人与自然共赢。此空为非谓语，逻辑主语the green development path与combine为被动关系，再由语境可知，应用过去分词作状语，且句首首字母应大写。 10．考查副词。句意：结合生态优先理念，拉萨正在探索的绿色发展道路，将极大提升生态、经济与社会效益，实现人与自然共赢。此处修饰动词enhance，用great的副词形式greatly。 9.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 （2026·江苏基地大联考高三4月质量检测） Is a 300-year-old tree worth billions in city construction delays? My answer is yes, 1 a doubt. In a fast-developing city like Lishui, Zhejiang, we must ask not only how much land we can develop, 2 what kind of environment we are leaving behind. Lishui 3 (know) as the “green valley of Zhejiang”. A few years ago, a group of old camphor trees (樟树) stood in the way of a new road project. The plan was 4 (move) them to another location. It faced strong 5 (oppose) from local residents. Thanks to 6 (share) efforts by the community, legal authorities and government, a new plan was developed: to change the road. This decision protected the entire camphor grove (树林). Nowadays, that area 7 (become) Xiangzhang Park. It’s more than just green space – it’s a symbol of Lishui’s 8 (value). The park provides a quiet, peaceful environment for local residents. 9 was once seen as a problem for development has become something valuable. In the future, cities will compete for good air quality and 10 (ecological) sustainable ecosystems instead of GDP alone. 【答案】 1．without 2．but 3．is known 4．to move 5．opposition 6．shared 7．has become 8．values 9．What 10．ecologically 【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章以浙江丽水为例，探讨了在城市建设中，古老的树木是否值得因建设延迟而付出巨大代价，强调了保护环境的重要性以及未来城市竞争将更注重生态可持续发展。 1．考查介词。句意：我的答案是肯定的，毫无疑问。根据句意可知，此处表达“毫无疑问”，固定搭配without a doubt，意为“毫无疑问”。故填without。 2．考查连词。句意：在浙江丽水这样快速发展的城市，我们不仅要问我们能开发多少土地，还要问我们会留下什么样的环境。根据句意可知，此处考查固定搭配not only...but (also)...，意为“不仅……而且……”，连接两个并列的宾语从句，所以此处应填but。故填but。 3．考查时态和语态。句意：丽水被誉为“浙江绿谷”。根据句意可知，此处作谓语，表达“丽水被誉为……”，be known as意为“被誉为”，是固定搭配，描述客观事实用一般现在时，主语Lishui是单数，be动词用is。故填is known。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：计划是将它们迁移到另一个地方。根据句意可知，此处表达“计划做某事”，为不定式作表语，说明主语plan的具体内容。故填to move。 5．考查名词。句意：它面临着当地居民的强烈反对。根据句意可知，此处作宾语，应用名词形式，oppose的名词形式是opposition，意为“反对”，是不可数名词。故填opposition。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：多亏了社区、法律机构和政府的共同努力，制定了一个新的计划：改变道路。根据句意可知，此处作定语修饰名词efforts，表示“共同的”，应用形容词shared。故填shared。 7．考查时态。句意：如今，那个地区已经变成了香樟公园。根据时间状语Nowadays可知，此处强调过去的动作对现在造成的结果，用现在完成时，主语that area是单数，助动词用has。故填has become。 8．考查名词。句意：它不仅仅是绿地——它是丽水价值的象征。名词所有格Lishuis后接名词，value此处意为“价值”，为可数名词，结合语境用复数形式表示多种价值。故填values。 9．考查主语从句。句意：曾经被视为发展问题的事物现在变得有价值了。此处引导主语从句，从句中缺少主语，表示“……的事物”，应用连接代词what引导该主语从句，句首单词首字母大写。故填What。 10．考查副词。句意：未来，城市将争夺良好的空气质量和生态可持续的生态系统，而不仅仅是国内生产总值。根据句意可知，此处修饰形容词sustainable，应用副词形式，ecological的副词形式是ecologically，意为“生态上地”。故填ecologically。 10.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。（2026·湖南邵阳市高三下学期英语第二次联考） I grew up proud of America’s wild places, and I cherished hiking in Yellowstone as a child. My trip 1 China’s Shennongjia National Park, however, showed me a powerful new story of protecting nature. It 2 (profound) changed my view of a nation on a serious and determined green mission. When I walked an ancient forest trail in the mist, the deep quiet surprised me. The air, 3 (scent) with damp earth and pine, was clear and cool. My guide, Mr. Li, once cut trees here. Now, he pointed with great respect to rare golden monkeys moving through the canopy (树冠). Their survival shows a real change — loggers becoming 4 (protect). This personal transformation felt deeply important. He told me how the government’s “green development” idea, 5 took root locally, grew into a shared wish to heal the land, his voice, once used to command work crews, now softened with a different kind of authority. Where machines once 6 (roar), a clean river now flows silently. I saw more than conservation; I saw a quiet cultural rebirth happening in the forest. Far from huge cities, this showed China trying to balance 7 (grow) with caring for nature. It is a difficult task that makes us rethink the West’s own history. In a scientist’s calm eyes, as he carefully recorded data on a clipboard, I saw a reflection of the urgent challenge 8 whole world now faces. Leaving, I carried a strong belief: the most important walls are not between countries, but those we build 9 (preserve) our shared planet. China’s lesson, seen in its healing forests, is that real wealth is a currency of clean air, pure water, and thriving biodiversity. It 10 (measure) not just in money, but in our deep, active respect for the Earth that sustains us all. 【答案】 1．to 2．profoundly 3．scented 4．protectors 5．which 6．roared 7．growth 8．the 9．to preserve 10．is measured 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者游览中国神农架国家公园的经历，见证了中国在保护自然与平衡发展方面所做的努力及成效。 1．考查介词。句意：然而，我游览中国神农架国家公园的经历，给我展现了保护自然的一个极具影响力的新故事。根据空后“China’s Shennongjia National Park”可知，空处需用介词to，表示“去……的旅行”。故填to。 2．考查副词。句意：它深刻地改变了我对一个肩负严肃且坚定绿色使命的国家的看法。根据空后动词changed可知，空处需用副词作状语修饰动词，profound的副词为profoundly“深刻地”。故填profoundly。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：空气中弥漫着潮湿的泥土和松树的气息，清新而凉爽。本句已有谓语动词was，且空处没有连词，所以空处需用非谓语动词作后置定语修饰名词air，空处动词scent“散发……气味”与空前名词air之间是被动关系，所以空处需用过去分词scented。故填scented。 4．考查名词。句意：它们的生存展示了一个真正的变化——伐木工人变成了保护者。根据空前loggers becoming可知，空处需用名词作表语，根据句意，使用protect的名词protector“保护者”，此处表示泛指，所以空处名词需用复数。故填protectors。 5．考查非限制性定语从句。句意：他告诉我，政府的“绿色发展”理念如何在当地扎根，并成为治愈土地的共同愿望，他曾经用来指挥工作队伍的声音，现在带着一种不同的权威而柔和。空处需用关系词引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是idea，指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，所以空处需用关系代词which引导定语从句。故填which。 6．考查时态。句意：在曾经机器轰鸣的地方，现在一条清澈的河流静静地流淌着。空格处是where引导的地点状语从句的谓语动词，根据once可知，空处描述的是过去的情况，所以空处谓语动词需用一般过去时，roar的过去式为roared。故填roared。 7．考查名词。句意：远离大城市，这表明中国试图在发展与保护自然之间取得平衡。balance是及物动词，后接名词作宾语。grow的名词是growth，意为“发展”。故填growth。 8．考查冠词。句意：在一位科学家冷静的眼睛里，当他仔细地在剪贴板上记录数据时，我看到了整个世界现在面临的紧迫挑战的反映。根据空后whole world可知，空处需用定冠词the，特指整个世界。故填the。 9．考查动词不定式。句意：离开时，我坚信：最重要的墙不是国家之间的墙，而是我们为保护我们共同的星球而建造的墙。preserve意为“保护”，空处需用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to preserve。 10．考查时态和语态。句意：它不仅以金钱来衡量，而且以我们对养育我们所有人的地球的深刻、积极的尊重来衡量。根据空后not just in money, but in...可知，空处描述的是客观事实，所以空处谓语动词需用一般现在时态，主语是第三人称单数it， 与measure之间是被动关系，所以空处谓语动词需用一般现在时态的被动语态。主谓一致，故填is measured。 11.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。（2026·安徽A10联盟高三学情检测） Over the past five years, China has made great progress in building its national park system. The first five national parks, officially 1 (establish) in 2021, cover 230,000 square kilometers and protect nearly 30% of the country’s key wildlife species. These parks have joined over 120 nature reserves together, greatly improving ecosystem health and long-term 2 (stable). Each park plays a special role. The Sanjiangyuan National Park protects the sources of three major rivers, having increased their water flow 3 nearly 50% in the past five years. The Giant Panda National Park connects separate panda habitats, giving the animals a larger and 4 (safe) home. In the Northeast Tiger and Leopard National Park, the number of wild tigers 5 (grow) from 27 to about 70 since 2017. The Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park is the only place 6 the Hainan gibbon population has been steadily rising. Wuyishan National Park 7 (hold) the world’s most complete mid-subtropical forest ecosystem at its latitude. The parks also benefit local people: nearly 50,000 residents have found park-related jobs near their homes, 8 (earn) 10,000 — 20,000 yuan yearly. In August 2024, China completed property rights registration for these parks, clarifying ownership 9 responsibilities. A new national park law will take effect on January 1, 2026, providing strong legal protection for these natural 10 (treasure). 【答案】 1．established 2．stability 3．by 4．safer 5．has grown 6．where 7．holds 8．earning 9．and 10．treasures 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍中国国家公园体系建设成果、五大国家公园的保护成效及对当地民生与生态的积极影响。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：首批五个国家公园于2021年正式设立，占地23万平方公里，保护了全国近30%的重点野生物种。此处为非谓语动词作定语，establish与其逻辑主语The first five national parks为被动关系，所以用过去分词established作后置定语。故填established。 2．考查名词。句意：这些公园整合了120多个自然保护区，极大改善了生态系统健康与长期稳定性。此处与health并列作improving的宾语，用stable的名词形式stability，意为“稳定性”。故填stability。 3．考查介词。句意：三江源国家公园保护三大江河源头，过去五年径流量增加了近50%。此处表示增加的幅度，用介词by。故填by。 4．考查形容词比较级。句意：大熊猫国家公园连通分散的栖息地，为动物提供更大更安全的家园。此处与larger并列，用safe的比较级safer。故填safer。 5．考查动词时态。句意：东北虎豹国家公园内，野生东北虎数量自2017年以来从27只增长到约70只。根据时间状语since 2017可知，此处用现在完成时，主语the number为第三人称单数，所以助动词用has。故填has grown。 6．考查定语从句。句意：海南热带雨林国家公园是海南长臂猿数量持续增长的唯一地区。此处引导定语从句，先行词the only place表地点，在从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where。故填where。 7．考查动词时态。句意：武夷山国家公园拥有同纬度全球最完整的中亚热带森林生态系统。此处描述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语Wuyishan National Park为第三人称单数，所以谓语动词为第三人称单数形式holds。故填holds。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：近5万居民在家门口找到与公园相关的工作，年收入1万到2万元。此处为非谓语动词作状语，earn与其逻辑主语nearly 50,000 residents之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词earning。故填earning。 9．考查连词。句意：2024年8月，中国完成这些公园的产权登记，明确了所有权与责任。此处连接ownership和responsibilities，表并列关系，用并列连词and。故填and。 10．考查名词复数。句意：新的国家公园法将于2026年1月1日生效，为这些自然瑰宝提供有力法律保障。these后接可数名词复数，treasure用复数形式treasures。故填treasures。 12.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。（2026·河北省沧州市一模） Known as the “panda of the plant kingdom” because of its rarity and beauty, a critically endangered magnolia (木兰) species named Parakmeria omeiensis has recently blossomed (开花) on Emei Mountain in Southwest China’s Sichuan Province. 1 (describe) the blossoming flower, which has creamy-white fleshy petals (花瓣), as “a miracle”, Yu Daoping, a botanist who found the flower, said, “Parakmeria omeiensis exists nowhere else on earth 2 on China’s Emei Mountain.” Parakmeria omeiensis was first discovered in the 1940s on Emei Mountain, and then disappeared for nearly half a century before being discovered in 1987. It is 3 (extreme) rare and therefore has been listed on the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List of Threatened Species under 4 category of “Critically Endangered” species. The recent Parakmeria omeiensis blossomed at a manmade site 5 researchers copied the wild habitat best suited to Parakmeria omeiensis. Under local botanists’ care, the Parakmeria omeiensis blossomed around 10 years earlier than its 6 (expect) flowering time. Due to the species pollination (传粉) barriers, Parakmeria omeiensis typically needs over 20 years of growth to bloom. “The early flowering shows that our 7 (effort) to rescue Parakmeria omeiensis have paid off,” said Yu, adding that the recovered species is an important 8 (indicate) of the local environment’s rich biodiversity. A total of five manmade sites have been established around Emei Mountain since 2016 9 (conserve) Parakmeria omeiensis. So far, the number of Parakmeria omeiensis in China 10 (rise) to 3,200. 【答案】 1．Describing 2．but 3．extremely 4．the 5．where 6．expected 7．efforts 8．indicator 9．to conserve 10．has risen 【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道。最近，一种极度濒危、因其稀有和美丽被称为“植物界的大熊猫”的白玉兰物种在中国西南部四川省的峨眉山开花了。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：发现这株花的植物学家余道平，将这枚长着乳白肉质花瓣、正值盛放的花朵称作 “奇迹”，他表示：“峨眉拟单性木兰全球独有，仅生长于中国峨眉山。”describe与其逻辑主语Yu Daoping存在逻辑上的主谓关系，应用所给动词的现在分词，在句中作伴随状语，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Describing。 2．考查介词。句意：发现这株花的植物学家余道平，将这枚长着乳白肉质花瓣、正值盛放的花朵称作 “奇迹”，他表示：“峨眉拟单性木兰全球独有，仅生长于中国峨眉山。”根据句意“峨眉拟单性木兰除了在中国的峨眉山，地球上其他任何地方都不存在了”可知，该空用介词but。故填but。 3．考查副词。句意：这种植物极为罕见，因此已被列入国际自然保护联盟濒危物种红色名录，属于“极度濒危”物种类别。此处修饰形容词rare，应用副词extremely“极度”，作状语。故填extremely。 4．考查冠词。句意：这种植物极为罕见，因此已被列入国际自然保护联盟濒危物种红色名录，属于“极度濒危”物种类别。该句中的“Critically Endangered’ species”表示特指，应用定冠词the。故填the。 5．考查定语从句。句意：近期，峨眉拟单性木兰在一处人工培育基地绽放，这里的研究人员复刻了最适宜该物种生长的野生生存环境。此处引导限定性定语从句，先行词是site，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：在当地植物学家的精心照料下，这株峨眉拟单性木兰比预期花期提前约10年绽放。所填词与其逻辑主语flowering time存在逻辑上的动宾关系，应用所给动词的过去分词expected，作定语。故填expected。 7．考查名词复数。句意：余道平表示：“此次提前开花，说明我们拯救峨眉拟单性木兰的努力已见成效。” 他还补充道，该物种的成功繁育是当地生态环境生物多样性丰富的重要标志。根据该句中的谓语动词have paid off可知，该空需用所给名词的复数efforts，作主语。故填efforts。 8．考查名词。句意：余道平表示：“此次提前开花，说明我们拯救峨眉拟单性木兰的努力已见成效。” 他还补充道，该物种的成功繁育是当地生态环境生物多样性丰富的重要标志。根据空前的不定冠词an可知，应用单数名词indicator“标志”。故填indicator。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：自2016年起，峨眉山周边已建成共计 5 处人工培育基地，专门用于保护峨眉拟单性木兰。此处作目的状语，应用所给动词的不定式形式。故填to conserve。 10．考查动词语态和主谓一致。句意：截至目前，中国境内的峨眉拟单性木兰数量已增长至 3200 株。根据该句中的时间状语So far可知，该空需用现在完成时，主语为the number of Parakmeria omeiensis，助动词用has，故填has risen。 4 / 6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题05 高考经典语法填空 —环境保护 目 录 真题·命题感知 1 进阶·题型剖析 7 拔高·模拟演练 10 真题·命题感知 一、高考经典阅读理解——环境保护 经典1：（2014年新课标Ⅰ卷） Are you facing a situation that looks impossible to fix? In 1969,the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River Cleveland, Ohio. It 21 (be) unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up. The river was so polluted that it 22 (actual) caught fire and burned. Now, years later, this river is one of 23 most outstanding（杰出的）examples of environmental cleanup. But the river wasn’t changed in a few days 24 even a few months. It took years of work 25 (reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water. Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is 26 (clean) than ever. Maybe you are facing an impossible situation. Maybe you have a habit 27 is driving your family crazy. Possibly you drink too much or don’t know how to control your credit card use. When you face such an impossible situation, don’t you want a quick fix and something to change immediately? While there are 28 (amaze) stories of instant transformation, for most of us the 29 (change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river. Just be 30 (patience). 经典2：阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。（2022年新高考全国Ⅰ卷） The Chinese government recently finalized a plan to set up a Giant Panda National Park(GPNP). 1 (cover)an area about three times 2 size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country. The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that 3 (be)previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority 4 (increase)effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management. After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP 5 (design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, 6 leaving behind precious natural assets(资产)for future generations”. The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate 7 (population)and homes of giant pandas, and 8 (eventual)achieve a desired level of population in the wild. Giant pandas also serve 9 an umbrella species(物种), bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China. The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species 10 live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area. 经典3：阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。（2019年新课标Ⅰ） The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland. While they are rare north of 88°, there is evidence 11 they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been 12 (poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide. Modern methods 13 tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive 14 (perform) consistently over a large area. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut 15 (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a 16 (believe) that populations are increasing. Scientists have responded by 17 (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are 18 (high) than they actually are. Of 19 nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six 20 (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data. 2.为什么高考中环境保护是重要的命题情境 环境保护话题能成为语法填空的重要命题情境，主要有这些原因： 贴合核心教育导向：这类话题契合当下全球倡导的可持续发展理念，也符合学科育人的目标，能在语言考察的过程中潜移默化地传递生态保护意识，引导学生建立环保责任感，实现语言能力考察和价值引导的结合。 适配命题的考察需求：环保相关的语篇素材覆盖的词汇、句式范围很广，既可以融入基础的时态、词性转换、介词搭配等基础语法考点，也可以设计出考察非谓语动词、复合从句等中高级语法点的空格，能很好地匹配语法填空从基础到进阶的全维度考察要求。 贴近现实生活场景：环保是全民关注的公共议题，相关的语篇素材（比如低碳生活、野生动物保护、污染治理等主题）大多贴近学生的日常认知，不会因为话题过于冷僻给学生造成额外的理解障碍，能更公平地考察学生真实的语法应用能力，避免因背景知识差异影响考核结果。 符合考试的命题趋势：当前各类语言考试都越来越倾向于选择贴近时代热点的真实语篇作为命题载体，环保作为长期的全球热点话题，相关的外刊原文素材储备充足，语篇的语言质量也很规范，非常适合作为语法填空的命题原材料。 进阶·解题技巧 语法填空的基本技巧： 考点1 动词时态与语态 1.确定作谓语 分析句子结构，若句中无谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但空处所填词与之是并列关系时，空处就用谓语动词。 若填谓语动词，就要考虑时态、语态和主谓一致 (1)根据语境、并列谓语、时间标志词等确定用哪种时态； (2)根据主语与谓语之间是主动关系还是被动关系以确定语态； (3)根据人称和数，确保主谓一致。 2确定时态 1.根据具体的时间状语：常见的时态的时间状语标志词 时态 时间状语 一般现在时 now, today, nowadays, every year, usually等 一般过去时 yesterday, last week, in 2021, the other day, two years ago, previously等 一般将来时 next year, in the future, soon, tomorrow等 现在进行时 now, at present, at this moment等 现在完成时 since＋时间点，in/over the past... years, in recent years, for＋时间段， so far等 过去完成时 by then, by the end of ..., when/before/after引导的从句等 2.根据具并列关系： 考查动词时态的题目有时可以根据句子或谓语动词之间的平行关系词“and, but, or, rather than, neither... nor..., not only... but also...”等前后的谓语动词的时态必须一致来确定时态。 3.根据常用句式定时态： (1)was/were doing... when...＋一般过去时 (2)was/were about to do... when...＋一般过去时 (3)it is the＋序数词＋time＋that...＋现在完成时 (4)it was the＋序数词＋time＋that...＋过去完成时 (5)No sooner had＋主语＋done... than＋一般过去时 (6)Hardly/Scarcely had＋主语＋done... when＋一般过去时 (7)It will be＋时间段＋before＋一般现在时 4.根据语境暗示。没有标志性的时间状语，且其他参照物都不明显的情况下，通过正确理解语境暗示解题，也是解决时态问题尤其是易错题的重要方法。 2 动词的语态 确定语态 1.根据逻辑辨别主动或被动关系 (1)分析句子结构，发现提示词作谓语，若与主语之间是主动关系，应考虑用主动语态；若是被动关系则考虑用被动语态。 (2)被动语态的基本形式为：be＋过去分词。 (3)运用上面的技法来判断是什么时态的被动语态，再根据主谓一致判断be动词的形式。 2.主动表被动 (1)当feel，look，smell，taste，sound等后面接形容词时； (2)当read，sell，wear，write，wash等作不及物动词表示主语内在“品质”或“性能”时； 3 主谓一致 确定“主谓一致” 项目 主语 谓语动词 语法 一致 不可数名词、单数可数名词、动名词(短语)、动词不定式、主语从句、the number of＋复数可数名词 单数 复数可数名词，and连接的两个名词，a number of＋复数可数名词 复数 (together) with, as well as, but, except, along with, rather than, in addition to, including等连接的主语 与前面主语一致　　 意义 一致 “the＋形容词”表示抽象概念；强调整体的集合名词 单数 “the＋形容词”表示一类人或物；强调个体的集合名词 复数 就近 一致 neither... nor..., either... or..., not only... but also..., not... but...等连接的主语；“here/there＋谓语＋主语”结构中的主语不止一个时 与邻近主语一致　 考点2 非谓语动词 确定作非谓语 分析句子结构，所给提示词是动词时，若句中已有谓语动词，又无连词时，则考虑填非谓语动词。 1 非谓语动词作状语 1．识别标志 (1)挖空句有谓语动词，通常用逗号把状语与主干分隔开。 (2)我们需要认真分析句子结构，明确句子成分，先甄别出句子的主干，再确定用哪种形式作状语。 2．思维建模 (1)找句子主干：认真阅读挖空的句子，找出句子的主语、谓语(和宾语)，从而正确理解句意。 (2)确定谓语动词和非谓语动词：分析所给的提示词与主语和谓语动词之间的关系。 (3)确定填哪种非谓语动词形式： ①主语与提示词是逻辑上的主谓关系：表目的，用to do; 表出乎意料的结果，用only to do; 表时间、条件、原因、让步、伴随、自然而然的结果，用doing。 ②主语与提示词是逻辑上的动宾关系：表动作还未发生，用to be done; 表动作已经发生，用done。 非谓语动词作定语 1．识别标志 (1)空格可在名词或代词之前，也可在名词或代词之后，对该名词或代词起修饰或限定作用。 (2)如果有逗号隔开，放在名词或代词之后，通常对该名词进行补充说明，其作用相当于一个非限制性定语从句。 2．方法指导 (1)如果名词中心词是该动作的发出者，通常用现在分词(短语)作定语。 (2)如果名词中心词是该动作的承受者，通常用过去分词(短语)作定语。 (3)如果表示未发生的动作，且名词中心词是该动作的承受者，通常用动词不定式作定语。 3 非谓语动词作表语 1．识别标志 非谓语动词作表语包括现在分词、过去分词和动词不定式三种。空格通常在系动词 be, become, get, seem, appear, look, turn等之后，描述主语的特点或状态。 2．方法指导 (1)主语是表示人的名词或代词，通常用过去分词作表语，表示主语的心情和感受。 (2)主语是表示事物的名词或代词，通常用现在分词作表语，表示事物的特点。 (3)动词不定式作表语通常表示未发生的动作。 非谓语动词作宾语 1．识别标志 动词不定式和动名词都可以充当宾语。牢记非谓语动词作宾语的固定结构： 【高频再现】 (1)介词(如by, for, of, with, without, after等)之后加动名词作宾语，注意to的身份识别。 (2)只能跟动名词作宾语的动词和短语：advise, admit, allow, avoid, appreciate, ban, delay, deny; be accustomed to, be devoted to, lead to, object to等。 (3)在下列动词之后，常接不定式作宾语：decide, demand, offer, hope, promise, agree, plan, manage, refuse, wish, pretend, learn, want等。 2．方法指导 (1)仔细观察挖空的句子。 (2)找出(句子的)谓语动词。 (3)确定填动名词还是动词不定式。 非谓语动词作主语 1．识别标志 主语是谓语陈述的对象，通常位于句首。动名词(doing)和动词不定式(to do)都可以充当主语。 2．方法指导 【高频再现】 (1)句中缺少主语，找到句子的谓语部分，确定应用doing还是to do作主语。 (2)表示抽象的、习惯性的或经常性的动作用doing，表具体某一次的动作用to do。 (3)掌握用动名词或不定式作主语的句型： ①It's ＋adj.(hard/difficult/easy/possible/kind等)(＋for/of sb)＋to do sth ②It's no use/no good/no fun/a pleasure/no pleasure/a waste of time doing sth ③It takes sb＋some time/money＋to do sth 6.非谓语动词作补足语 1．识别标志 动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词都可充当宾语补足语。 【高频再现】 (1)不定式作宾补：allow, ask, beg, command, encourage, expect, forbid, invite, persuade, tell等＋sb to do sth。 (2)have sb/sth doing “让某人/某物一直做”； have sb/sth done “使某人/某物被……”。 (3)with复合结构 ①with＋宾语＋to do，表示动作还未发生； ②with＋宾语＋doing，表示主动、动作正在进行； ③with＋宾语＋done，表示被动、动作已完成。 2．方法指导 (1)动词不定式作宾语补足语，通常表示一个宾语发出的动作。在一些结构中必须用动词不定式作宾语补足语。 (2)现在分词作宾语补足语，宾语是动作的发出者，表示一个正在进行的、主动的动作。 (3)过去分词作宾语补足语，宾语是动作的承受者，表示一个完成的、被动的动作。 考点3词形转换 1 名词复数 名词单复数的形式比较复杂，注意掌握好以下的情况 (1)有些名词一般不用复数形式，但可用复数形式来表达不同的类别 fishes各种鱼；fruits各种水果；steels各种钢材 (2)有些名词的单复数形式表达不同的含义 snow雪, snows积雪; two people两个人，two peoples两个民族 (3)glass一词作 “玻璃”解时，为物质名词，不可数 The cup is made of glass. 作 “玻璃杯”解时，则为个体名词，可数；如I bought ten glasses this morning. 作 “眼镜”解时，须用复数形式glasses.如: a man with thick glasses (4)paper一词作“纸”解时，不可数 write on paper; 作“报纸”“文件”“考卷”解时，则可数,如: hand in your test papers (5)物质名词表示数量时，一般用表示数量的短语来表示。of之前的数量名词，要根据情况使用单数或复数形式 a cup of tea; four pieces of bread; a cake of soap (6)有些抽象名词的复数形式表示不同的含义 time(时间)→times( 时代，次，倍数) work(工作)→ works( 著作，工厂，工事) air(空气) →airs( 气派，架子,姿态 ) look(看)→looks(容貌) custom(习惯) →customs(海关) advice(劝告)→advices(消息) arm(手臂)→arms(军火) damage(损坏)→damages(赔偿金) glass(玻璃)→glasses(眼镜,玻璃杯) good(利益)→ goods(货物) compass(指南针)→compasses(圆规) manner(态度) →manners(礼貌,习俗) 2 动词变为名词 名词后缀 示例 －er/ －or announce→announcer广播员 conduct→conductor指挥；售票员 instruct→instructor 指导者，教师 design→designer设计师 －ment achieve→achievement成就 argue→argument辩论；论据 equip →equipment装备；设备 govern→government政府 －y recover→recovery恢复 discover→discovery发现 －ance/ －ence appear→appearance出现；外貌 perform→performance表演；表现 prefer→preference偏爱 refer→reference参考，查阅 －ure/ －ture fail→failure失败；倒闭 press→pressure压力 depart→departure离开；出发 mix→mixture混合(物) －ing hear→hearing听力，听觉 begin→beginning开始 build→building建筑 warn→warning 警告 －ion/ －tion/ －sion/ correct→correction改正 celebrate→celebration庆祝 conclude→conclusion结论；结束 discuss→discussion讨论；论述 decide→decision决定 admit→admission承认；准许加入 permit→permission允许，许可 invite→invitation邀请 explain→explanation解释 expect→expectation期望 3 动词变形容词 形容词后缀 示例 －able enjoy vt.享受→enjoyable adj.令人愉快的 suit vt.适合→suitable adj.合适的adjust vt.调节→adjustable adj. 可调整的 －ed frustrate vt.使沮丧→frustrated adj. 沮丧的annoy vt.使生气→annoyed adj. 恼怒的 －ing convince vt.说服，使信服→convincing adj.令人信服的 thrill vt.使兴奋 → thrilling adj.令人兴奋的 －ful forget vt.忘记→forgetful adj.健忘的 succeed vt.成功→successful adj. 成功的 －ive comprehend v. 理解→comprehensive adj. 综合性的 create v. 创造→creative adj. 有创造力的 －ant tolerate v.容忍→tolerant adj. 宽容的，容忍的 ignore v. 忽视→ignorant adj. 无知的，愚昧的 4提示词是名词的词形转换 1.名词考查转化为形容词或动词的后缀 后缀 示例 --y sun→sunny 有阳光的，晴朗的 guilt →guilty 内疚的 --ed balance→balanced平衡的 gift →gifted 有天赋的 --ful meaning→meaningful 有意义的 colour→colourful 五彩缤纷的 --able suit →suitable 合适的 change→changeable 易变的 --ous courage→courageous 勇敢的 mystery →mysterious 神秘的 --al addition→additional 附加的 globe→global 全球的 --ly friend→friendly 友好的 love→lovely 可爱的 --en wood→wooden 木制的 wool→woolen 羊毛的 --cal politics →political 政治的 ecology→ ecological 生态的 --ant significance →significant有意义的 ignorance→ ignorant 无知的 --cial commerce →commercial 商业的 finance →financial 金融的 -en deep→deepen 变深，加深 length→lengthen 延长 后缀 示例 --y sun→sunny 有阳光的，晴朗的 guilt →guilty 内疚的 --ed balance→balanced平衡的 gift →gifted 有天赋的 --ful meaning→meaningful 有意义的 colour→colourful 五彩缤纷的 --able suit →suitable 合适的 change→changeable 易变的 --ous courage→courageous 勇敢的 mystery →mysterious 神秘的 --al addition→additional 附加的 globe→global 全球的 --ly friend→friendly 友好的 love→lovely 可爱的 --en wood→wooden 木制的 wool→woolen 羊毛的 --cal politics →political 政治的 ecology→ ecological 生态的 --ant significance →significant有意义的 ignorance→ ignorant 无知的 --cial commerce →commercial 商业的 finance →financial 金融的 -en deep→deepen 变深，加深 length→lengthen 延长 2．名词转化为名词后缀 后缀 例词 －ian/ －ist/ music→ musician音乐家politics→ politician政治家 science→ scientist科学家piano→ pianist钢琴家 4. 形容词、副词的词性转化 1.形容词的词形转换 类别 例词 词尾加-y cloud→cloudy, luck→lucky, health→healthy, sleep→sleepy 词尾加-(e)d gift→gifted, talent→talented, advance→advanced, excite→excited 词尾加­ing surprise→surprising, convince→convincing, frighten→frightening 词尾加-ful/-less meaning→meaningful/meaningless, care→careful/careless, help→helpful/helpless, harm→harmful/harmless, home→homeless, colour→colourful/colourless, use→useful/useless, thank→thankful/thankless, peace→peaceful/peaceless 词尾加-able comfort→comfortable, knowledge→knowledgeable, accept→acceptable, respect→respectable 词尾加-ous danger→dangerous, courage→courageous, humour→humorous 词尾的-ce变为-t confidence→confident, difference→different 词尾加-al music→musical, person→personal, nation→national, education→educational, tradition→traditional 词尾加-ly friend→friendly, week→weekly, love→lovely 词尾加-en wood→wooden, wool→woolen 其他常见变化 energy→energetic, fool→foolish, pleasure→pleasant/pleased, science→scientific 以重读闭音节结尾的名词变成形容词时，要双写该辅音字母再加-y(如sun→sunny, fun→funny等)，以e结尾的名词要去掉e再加-y(如noise→noisy, ice→icy, taste→tasty等) 动词词尾加­ive/­ative attract→attractive, talk→talkative, prevent→preventive, protect→protective 2.副词的词形转换规律总结 类别 例词 形容词＋后缀-ly clear→clearly, great→greatly, loud→loudly, sudden→suddenly, sincere→sincerely 以辅音字母加-y结尾的形容词，把y变成i再加-ly happy→happily, heavy→heavily, angry→angrily, lucky→luckily, noisy→noisily*shy→shyly(y的发音为/aɪ/，直接加­ly) 词尾为­ble/­le的形容词，去掉e，再加-y terrible→terribly, possible→possibly, gentle→gently, probable→probably, comfortable→comfortably, responsible→responsibly, suitable→suitably (例外：whole→wholly) 词尾为-ue的形容词，去掉e再加-ly true→truly(高中阶段仅此一例) 词尾为-ll的形容词，直接加-y full→fully, dull→dully 词尾为-ic的形容词，加-ally basic→basically, scientific→scientifically, specific→specifically, automatic→automatically 6.形容词、副词比较等级 形容词、副词比较级和最高级的构成(＋­er/­est)转换 以­e结尾 ＋­r/­st late—later—latest 以“辅音字母＋y”结尾 变－y为i，＋­er/­est early—earlier—earliest 以重读闭音节结尾(末尾只有一个辅音字母) 双写结尾字母＋­er/est big—bigger—biggest 多音节和部分双音节结尾 前面加more/most beautiful—more beautiful—most beautiful 温馨提示：(1)有少数几个双音节形容词，既可以加­er和­est，又可以加more和most构成比较级和最高级。这些双音节词有：common, handsome, quiet, pleasant, cruel, stupid, friendly等。 (2)有些形容词没有程度可分或形容词本身就表示某种程度，因此没有比较级和最高级。这类形容词有：right (正确的), wrong (错误的), excellent (优秀的), possible (可能的), empty (空的), first (第一的), wooden (木制的), final (最后的), east (东方的), last (最后的), favourite (最喜欢的)等。 (3)不规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 good, well better best bad, badly, ill worse worst many, much more most little less least far farther(指时间或空间上“更远的”) farthest(指时间或空间上“最久的；最远的”) further(指空间距离“更远的”；在更大程度上) furthest(指空间距离“最远的”；在最大程度上) old older/elder oldest/eldest 考点4连词与从句引导词 填连词 如果个单词、短语、句子之间存在并列、转折、选择或因果关系，则考虑填入并列连词。如果设空处所填单词要引导从句，首先要看它引导哪种从句，然后根据引导词的种类和功能确定填哪个引导词。 1考查并列连词 空格前后的两个或几个内容在句中充当相同的成分或发挥相同的作用时，填并列连词。 ① 并列或顺承关系用and；转折关系用but；选择关系用or；因果关系用so (前因后果），for（前果后因）；对比关系用while。 ② 还要注意连词的固定搭配：both … and … ；not only … but (also) … ; neither … nor … ; either … or … 等。 2考查引导状语从句的从属连词  若空格和空格后的内容能构成一个句子且该句子同时在另外一个句子中充当某个成分时，则空格填适当的从属连词来引导相应的从句。表示条件用if, unless；表示让步用although, though；表示原因用because, as, since；表示结果用so… that…，such … that …；表示时间用when, while, as, before, after；表示地点用where, wherever；表示目的用so that，in order that；表示方式用as, as if等。 3考查引导名词性从句的连词 引导名词性从句的连词that不充当句子成分又无任何意义，whether或if不充当句子成分，意思是“是否”。在介词后或者后面紧跟or not时，只能用whether，不能用if。 1）副词的判断 引导定语从句的关系副词when指代时间名词，在定语从句中作时间状语；where代指地点名词，在定语从句中作地点状语；why代指表示原因的名词，在定语从句中作原因状语。也会关注固定句型中的副词，如too… to … , so … that … 等。 2）助动词的判断 如果句子结构完整，设空处后面是动词原形，尤其是上下文不是现在时或主语是第三人称单数时，则很可能填表示强调、疑问或倒装的助动词。 语法填空题既考查考生的语言知识也考查考生的语言技能。答题时既要考虑上下文语境和设空所在句的句意，也要分析空格处要填的词在语句中的的句子成分，还要依据固定搭配解题，因为冠词、介词、连词、代词和副词的固定搭配都是高频考点。 考点4介词、冠词、代词 1.介词 语法填空题对介词的考查形式为纯空格，即无提示词，考点主要集中在介词的基本用法和含介词的固定搭配的用法上。要求考生正确理解句意，平时注意积累名词、形容词、动词与介词的固定搭配。 首先，分析句子结构： 名词或代词或what从句在句中不作主语、表语或动词的宾语时，其前面一般是填介词；空格放在名词前后时，应考虑名词与介词的搭配；空格放在不及物动词后名词前时，应考虑动词与介词的搭配；空格放在形容词后名词前时，应考虑形容词与介词的搭配。 无提示词填空对介词的考查两点： ① 介词的基本用法（如at、in、on表示时间，by、before、after、till/until表示时间，by、in、on、with表示“使用……工具、方式、手段”等）， ② 固定搭配中的介词：介词与名词、介词与动词、介词与形容词或副词之间的固定搭配（如：by chance碰巧，on average平均，in vain徒劳；adapt to适应，account for说明……的原因，come across遇见，remind sb. of sth.提醒某人某事；be curious about对……好奇的，be popular with受……的欢迎，be proud of因……而自豪的，be rich in富含……的）。 介词常见用法（具体参考本专辑专题考点04） 时间介词 in(表示一天中某段时间,指天、年、月、季节、周次等),on(表示某一天或星期几,指明具体的时间),at(表示特定的时间、节日、年龄),by(…的时候、到、等到…已经等,用在天、时间的前面) 1.in 与after的用法区别：A.介词in+一段时间用于一般将来时。B.介词after+一段时间用于一般过去时。C.介词after+时间点常用于一般将来时。 2. for与since的用法区别：A.介词for表示一段时间。B.介词since表示从过去某一时间以来。 3. during与for的用法区别：A.当所指的时间起止分明时用介词during。B.如果一段时间不明确则用介词for。 4. before与by的用法区别：A.介词before表示“在…之前”。B.介词by表示“到…时为止,不迟于…”。 地点介词 in, at, on, to 1.at 与in 的用法区别：at表示较小的地方，如家、村、乡村等。in表示较大的地方，如大城市、国家、洲等。 2.at与on的用法区别：at用于门牌号。on用于路名。 3.in,on,to的用法区别：in表示“包含”，如：Beijing is in the north ofChina.on表示“紧邻”，如:Canada lies on the north of theU.S.to表示“没接触”，如：France lies to the south of England. 方式介词 with, in, by in,with,by的用法区别：in表示“用材料、语言”。如： Can you say it in English?with表示“用工具、某物”如: with a pen。by表示“用、以、靠、通过…方法”。如：He prefers traveling by car. 方位介词 at, in, on, to, beneath, over, under, above, below, in front of / in the front of / behind, between / among, over/across/through 1.in,on,at 的用法区别：in表示“排、行、组”。on表示“左、右”。at表示“前、后”。  2.on, over, above的用法区别：on表示一物放在另一物上面两者紧贴在一起。over表示一种垂直悬空的上下关系，即“在…上方”。介词above表示一般的“高于….”，“在…之上”。 3.under与below的用法区别：under是over的反义词即“在…下方”。below是above的反义词即“低于…” ,“在…之下”。 4. across, through, over, past的用法区别：across着重于“从—头或—边到另—头或另—边”，强调从表面穿过。through着重于“穿越” ，强调从一定的空间内穿过。over多表示从“上方越过”。past表示从“面前经过” 。 其他 1.当表示时间的词前有this, that时，其前面不用介词，如：this morning 2.当表示时间的词前有next时，其前面不用介词，如: next Sunday 3.当表示时间的词前有last时，其前面不用介词，如：last Sunday 4.当表示时间的词前有one, any, each, every, some或all时，其前面不用介词，如：You can come any day. 2.冠词 冠词是语法填空的高频考点，经常考查不定冠词a, an和定冠词the的基本用法和固定搭配。首先看空格后是否有名词，有单数可数名词，搭配后表示泛指时，应考虑不定冠词a/an；有名词，搭配后表示特指时，应考虑定冠词the；还要看是否是固定搭配。 种类 常见用法 不定冠词 (a / an) 1. 修饰可数名词单数，表示泛指。以元音音素开头的单词前需要用an，而以辅音音素开头的单词前用a。如：an apple, a banana, an umbrella。 2. 与序数词连用，表示再一，又一”。如：You can try it a second time if you fail. 3. 固定搭配。如：all of a sudden; as a matter of fact; as a result; as a rule; as a whole; at a distance; in a way。 定冠词 (the) 1. 表复指上文提到过的人或物。如：We have a cat and two dogs. The cat is black and the dogs are white. 2. 表特指说话双方都知道的人或物。如： Pass me the dictionary, please. 3. 用于比较级前，特指两个被比较的对象的一个。如：Of the two brothers, the younger is more interesting. 零冠词 1. 记忆口诀：下列情况应免冠，代词限定名词前，专有名词不可数，学科球类三餐饭，复数名词表泛指，两节星期月份前，颜色语种和国名，称呼习语及头衔。 2. 固定搭配。如：lose heart, by chance, in time, catch sight of, in place of。 特殊用法 1.抽象名词或物质名词具体化。如：a surprise 一件意外的事情；a pleasure一个令人快乐的事情。 2. 序数词前的冠词活用。如：Can you give me a second chance, please? 3.表示乐器的名词前的冠词活用。如：play the piano；play erhu。 3.代词及其它 无提示词语法填空对代词的考查主要集中在引导定语从句的关系代词、引导名词性从句的连接代词和it的用法。 1考查关系代词 先行词为人时，在定语从句中作主语的关系代词可用who或that，在定语从句中作宾语的关系代词可用whom/who/that（在介词后只能用whom）,在定语从句中作定语的关系代词可用whose。 ② 先行词为物时，在定语从句中作主语或宾语的关系代词可用which或that（在介词后只能用which），在定语从句中作定语的关系代词可用whose。 ③ 还要知道引导定语从句的关系代词在下列场合只能用that：先行词既有人又有物、先行词是表示事物的不定代词或被某些不定代词修饰、表示事物的先行词被序数词或最高级修饰。 2考查连接代词 名词性从句不缺成分且意义完整时用that引导，名词性从句缺主语或宾语时，如果表示未知的事物，用what，已知的事物，表示“哪一个”用which；表示人时，作主语用who，作宾语用whom。 3考查 it 的固定搭配 关于代词it，主要考查以下用法： ① it代替上文提到的单数可数名词或不可数名词。 ② it用于强调句型中。 ③ it作形式主语或形式宾语。 ④ it用在固定结构中。常见的含有it的固定结构： I got it. 我明白了。 At last we made it. 我们终于成功了。 I can’t help it.  我没有办法。 Take it easy. 别着急。 Believe it or not. 信不信由你。 When it comes to... 当谈及……等 拔高·模拟演练 1.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。（2027·重庆市第一中学校阶段检测） For over 30 years, Wensuyalatu has made the Gobi Desert his workplace, 1 (dedicate) his life to combating desertification. 2 (locate) on the edge of the desert in Inner Mongolia, the Urad Rear Banner is a key area in China’s Three-North Shelterbelt Forest Program. In 1991, Wensuyalatu chose to devote himself to ecological conservation. Since then, he has remained on the front lines, witnessing the 3 (destroy) power of desert sands and working to find solutions. Every spring, the planting season would coincide with 4 fiercest sandstorm. It tested local volunteers’ patience 5 required great efforts for tree-planting work. “The sand hit your face like needles. We followed workers to dig holes and plant trees, and at night stayed in shelters to organize data,” he recalled. By no means 6 (be) the initial effort to restore the desert easy. Years of drought, low survival rates of seedlings (树苗), and disbelief from residents created major obstacles. Some herders believed deserts were naturally poor and 7 no effort could make trees grow there. Wensuyalatu’s years of hard work are believed 8 (change) deep-rooted prejudice among local people. Through persistent efforts, he gradually won the community’s 9 (approve) and support. Facing ongoing challenges, he explored new approaches that go 10 traditional restoration methods, eventually turning the desert into a land of hope. 2. 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。（2027·广东深圳市罗湖区多校联考） The 2026 Global E-Waste Monitor by the United Nations notes that only 17% of discarded (丢弃的) electronics are processed through official and eco-friendly channels, with the remainder ending up 1 landfills or informal sites. Improper treatment releases toxic substances such as lead and mercury, which prove environmentally 2 (damage) and seriously threaten human health. A recent study on urban air quality also 3 (reveal) similar patterns in pollution levels between 2020 and 2025. By collecting data from 30 major cities worldwide, the study finds that while vehicle emissions have decreased, industrial activity remains a major contributor, suggesting that technological progress does not 4 (necessary) translate into overall environmental gains. Yet the real question is not 5 severe the pollution is, but whether workable solutions can be found in time. Various 6 (measure) have been tried yet progress remains slow. In many countries, air quality still worsens during peak production months with informal recycling sites 7 (continue) to operate beyond regulatory reach. However, there are promising signs. Some cities have started using sensors 8 (power) by AI to track pollution hotspots. Meanwhile, AI sorting systems 9 (apply) in recycling factories since the rise of smart environmental technology, achieving over 95% accuracy in classifying electronic components, plastic shells and metal materials. These cases suggest that the path forward is challenging, but not hopeless if governments, industries, and individuals jointly commit to 10 unified and lasting strategy. 3.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。（2027·湖北黄石市质量监测） In May 2025, a rose bloomed at the edge of the Taklamakan Desert, the last seedling planted along a 3,046-kilometer green barrier — the world’s longest sand-blocking wall. Its roots trace back to 1978, 1 China launched the Three-North Shelterbelt Forest Program (TNSFP). Stretching 2 Heilongjiang to Xinjiang, the TNSFP covers 13 provinces across 4.07 million square kilometers. Its sixth phase, 3 (launch) in 2021 and set for completion by 2030, aims to consolidate sand control achievements. At the Hexi Corridor, 100,000 roses now bloom. Scientists screened over 50 plant varieties to identify species with ecological and economic 4 (benefit). Drip irrigation maximizes limited water resources. In Qiemo County, veterans lead teams that balance restoration with industry — roses yield jam, skincare products and drinks. Innovative techniques include reed grass grids (芦苇草方格), 5 Chinese invention for stabilizing sand, which involves pressing wheat straw into one-meter-square patterns to reduce wind speed and trap sand. As the straw decomposes, it enriches the soil and enables vegetation to take root. Solar panels generate clean energy while 6 (form) wind barriers that improve soil moisture and vegetation 7 (cover), creating a microclimate that supports plant growth and local livelihoods. The goal is not to remove the desert, 8 to lock its edges to prevent expansion. Inner Mongolia, Gansu, Qinghai, and Xinjiang collaborate on shelterbelt forests and solar-powered stabilization. Targeting wind-sand corridors and oasis gaps, they have built a 9 (layer) defense system. Generations 10 (sow) seeds for future oases for decades, and they keep carrying on this work, with the story between humans and the desert still being written. 4.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。（2027·重庆市西南大学附属中学校月考） On July 27, 2026, the 48th UNESCO World Heritage Committee meeting took place in Busan. At the meeting, the Changshan Islands Migratory Bird Habitat in Dalian, Liaoning Province 1 (approve) to be included as an extension to the World Natural Heritage site of the Yellow and Bohai Gulf Migratory Bird Habitats. Located in the northern Yellow Sea, the Changshan Islands serve as a vital energy station on 2 millions of migratory birds rely during their annual long-distance journey. However, coastal development 3 (cause) severe loss of suitable habitats on these islands in the past few years. Living difficulties 4 (arise) from habitat loss make birds search desperately 5 food and shelter. Accordingly, many scientists expressed 6 (anticipate) that the islands would fill a long-standing gap of temperate rocky island heritage sites within China’s conservation network. With four isolated core island reef zones 7 (include), the newly-added heritage area boasts rich coastal and island habitats, providing birds shelter from freezing winds and highlighting the value of coastal protection. Local authorities promise strict and practical 8 (measure) to protect the fragile ecosystem and maintain long-term ecological balance. Volunteers are 9 (urgent) called on to raise public awareness of wildlife protection. With all the efforts, it is believed that the islands will remain a safe home for migratory birds and offer people 10 unique chance to appreciate coastal biodiversity. 5.阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。（2027·重庆市南开中学校阶段检测） Thanks to continuous efforts in ecological conservation made by China, the environment in the South China Sea has improved 1 (steady), which offers valuable experience for global ocean governance. China is committed 2 integrated ocean protection and systematic restoration. By 2025, the government had set about 27,000 square kilometers of ocean conservation red lines in this region, 3 (safeguard) vital biodiversity and habitats. So far, over 170 ocean protected areas of various levels 4 (establish) in the area. In its major waters, live coral 5 (cover) climbed from 5.1 percent to 19.7 percent within five years. Artificial reef frameworks filled with coral seedlings continue to expand across shallow coastal zones, 6 creates new shelters for shellfish. Strict seasonal fishing 7 (ban) further reduce human interference in ocean habitats. 8 (abandon) fishing nets and plastic waste are regularly collected by coastal monitoring teams. Coastal cities also combine ecological restoration with sustainable ocean tourism. Low-impact sightseeing routes replace destructive offshore activities, balancing between environmental protection 9 local economic growth. The gradual recovery of the South China Sea’s ocean ecosystem stands as 10 clear example of harmonious coexistence between human society and the ocean. 6.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。（2026·江苏南通市月考） Huzhou, Zhejiang province, is where the idea that clear waters and green 1 (mountain) are invaluable assets first took root. In 2 1980s, Huzhou thrived thanks to its high-quality limestone reserves. But mining came 3 the cost of ecology. It led to the destruction of grasslands and forests and threatened the local ecosystem. When the authorities resolved to shut down its mines, few people 4 (anticipate) that this move would pave the way for a new development path. Starting in 2003, Huzhou joined Zhejiang province’s action plan to rejuvenate the countryside. In March this year, China’s first local regulation 5 (specific) designed to encourage young people to develop rural areas was enacted in Huzhou. By integrating youth-driven rural development into local legal and planning frameworks, the regulation aims 6 (address) key challenges and inject fresh energy into rural revitalization. Since the start of 2025, Huzhou 7 (launch) over 2,000 youth-led innovation projects across its rural areas. These initiatives are giving rise to new business models and lifestyles, all 8 (drive) by the creativity and ambition of young people. From the digital nomad community to a wide range of innovative projects 9 help boost local incomes, more and more young people in Huzhou are turning their dreams into reality. Huzhou will continue to empower rural development through young talent. This influx (流入) of talent is reshaping urban-rural integration, 10 (offer) a dynamic new vision of balanced growth. 7.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。（2026·云南省昭通市第一中学月考） China has adopted a comprehensive approach to wetland protection by building the world’s 1 (large) number of international wetland cities and forming global partnerships. As a result, the success of its conservation efforts has benefited both its biodiversity and the health of cross-border ecosystems. This work is visible in both the latest progress and long-term outcomes. China has 2 (recent) added 22 wetlands — including the Genheyuan Wetland in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and the Jiushan Islands in Zhejiang Province — 3 its list of sites of national importance, bringing 4 total to 80. This 5 (expand), alongside the introduction of China’s first 6 (specialize) law on wetland protection, marks a significant milestone in its ecological efforts and 7 (reflect) its sustained dedication to conservation. These measures 8 (produce) remarkable results to date. China is now home to 82 wetlands, recognized as of international importance and 22 international wetland cities. Meanwhile, the country has added or restored more than 1 million hectares of wetlands nationwide. Ultimately, through these actions, China is demonstrating to the world 9 to bring nature back into cities and design new urban areas 10 are better at absorbing rainwater, allowing the natural water cycle to function. 8.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。（2026·河南部分学校质量检测） Afforestation (植树造林) is a good way to deal with climate change. As the first ecological restoration project of large-scale mountain afforestation in Xizang Autonomous Region, the greening project of the bare mountains on both sides of the Lhasa River has pioneered 1 effective and new model of ecological restoration, 2 is adjusted to local conditions and empowered by technology. By doing so, it has worked wonders in high-altitude areas, with the once bare mountains 3 (come) alive with green life at present. Since the greening project was launched, much of afforestation 4 (complete). The innovative practices tailored to local conditions have greatly helped the project achieve 5 (fruit) results as well as established a reference for high-altitude ecological restoration. Lhasa has gathered a set of ecological restoration solutions applicable in other high-altitude areas 6 conducting continuous practice during recent years. The project integrates technological assistance, engineering management, official guarantees, and public monitoring 7 (control) the quality of young trees and protection management. It also carries out inspections of soil 8 (improve), seedling quality, and planting technology, and acceptance checks of the construction quality, survival rates, and management effectiveness. 9 (combine) with the concept of ecological priority, the green development path that Lhasa is exploring will 10 (great) enhance ecological, economic, and social benefits, beneficial to both humans and nature. 9.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 （2026·江苏基地大联考高三4月质量检测） Is a 300-year-old tree worth billions in city construction delays? My answer is yes, 1 a doubt. In a fast-developing city like Lishui, Zhejiang, we must ask not only how much land we can develop, 2 what kind of environment we are leaving behind. Lishui 3 (know) as the “green valley of Zhejiang”. A few years ago, a group of old camphor trees (樟树) stood in the way of a new road project. The plan was 4 (move) them to another location. It faced strong 5 (oppose) from local residents. Thanks to 6 (share) efforts by the community, legal authorities and government, a new plan was developed: to change the road. This decision protected the entire camphor grove (树林). Nowadays, that area 7 (become) Xiangzhang Park. It’s more than just green space – it’s a symbol of Lishui’s 8 (value). The park provides a quiet, peaceful environment for local residents. 9 was once seen as a problem for development has become something valuable. In the future, cities will compete for good air quality and 10 (ecological) sustainable ecosystems instead of GDP alone. 10.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。（2026·湖南邵阳市高三下学期英语第二次联考） I grew up proud of America’s wild places, and I cherished hiking in Yellowstone as a child. My trip 1 China’s Shennongjia National Park, however, showed me a powerful new story of protecting nature. It 2 (profound) changed my view of a nation on a serious and determined green mission. When I walked an ancient forest trail in the mist, the deep quiet surprised me. The air, 3 (scent) with damp earth and pine, was clear and cool. My guide, Mr. Li, once cut trees here. Now, he pointed with great respect to rare golden monkeys moving through the canopy (树冠). Their survival shows a real change — loggers becoming 4 (protect). This personal transformation felt deeply important. He told me how the government’s “green development” idea, 5 took root locally, grew into a shared wish to heal the land, his voice, once used to command work crews, now softened with a different kind of authority. Where machines once 6 (roar), a clean river now flows silently. I saw more than conservation; I saw a quiet cultural rebirth happening in the forest. Far from huge cities, this showed China trying to balance 7 (grow) with caring for nature. It is a difficult task that makes us rethink the West’s own history. In a scientist’s calm eyes, as he carefully recorded data on a clipboard, I saw a reflection of the urgent challenge 8 whole world now faces. Leaving, I carried a strong belief: the most important walls are not between countries, but those we build 9 (preserve) our shared planet. China’s lesson, seen in its healing forests, is that real wealth is a currency of clean air, pure water, and thriving biodiversity. It 10 (measure) not just in money, but in our deep, active respect for the Earth that sustains us all. 11.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。（2026·安徽A10联盟高三学情检测） Over the past five years, China has made great progress in building its national park system. The first five national parks, officially 1 (establish) in 2021, cover 230,000 square kilometers and protect nearly 30% of the country’s key wildlife species. These parks have joined over 120 nature reserves together, greatly improving ecosystem health and long-term 2 (stable). Each park plays a special role. The Sanjiangyuan National Park protects the sources of three major rivers, having increased their water flow 3 nearly 50% in the past five years. The Giant Panda National Park connects separate panda habitats, giving the animals a larger and 4 (safe) home. In the Northeast Tiger and Leopard National Park, the number of wild tigers 5 (grow) from 27 to about 70 since 2017. The Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park is the only place 6 the Hainan gibbon population has been steadily rising. Wuyishan National Park 7 (hold) the world’s most complete mid-subtropical forest ecosystem at its latitude. The parks also benefit local people: nearly 50,000 residents have found park-related jobs near their homes, 8 (earn) 10,000 — 20,000 yuan yearly. In August 2024, China completed property rights registration for these parks, clarifying ownership 9 responsibilities. A new national park law will take effect on January 1, 2026, providing strong legal protection for these natural 10 (treasure). 12.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。（2026·河北省沧州市一模） Known as the “panda of the plant kingdom” because of its rarity and beauty, a critically endangered magnolia (木兰) species named Parakmeria omeiensis has recently blossomed (开花) on Emei Mountain in Southwest China’s Sichuan Province. 1 (describe) the blossoming flower, which has creamy-white fleshy petals (花瓣), as “a miracle”, Yu Daoping, a botanist who found the flower, said, “Parakmeria omeiensis exists nowhere else on earth 2 on China’s Emei Mountain.” Parakmeria omeiensis was first discovered in the 1940s on Emei Mountain, and then disappeared for nearly half a century before being discovered in 1987. It is 3 (extreme) rare and therefore has been listed on the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List of Threatened Species under 4 category of “Critically Endangered” species. The recent Parakmeria omeiensis blossomed at a manmade site 5 researchers copied the wild habitat best suited to Parakmeria omeiensis. Under local botanists’ care, the Parakmeria omeiensis blossomed around 10 years earlier than its 6 (expect) flowering time. Due to the species pollination (传粉) barriers, Parakmeria omeiensis typically needs over 20 years of growth to bloom. “The early flowering shows that our 7 (effort) to rescue Parakmeria omeiensis have paid off,” said Yu, adding that the recovered species is an important 8 (indicate) of the local environment’s rich biodiversity. A total of five manmade sites have been established around Emei Mountain since 2016 9 (conserve) Parakmeria omeiensis. So far, the number of Parakmeria omeiensis in China 10 (rise) to 3,200. 4 / 6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $