高考经典语法填空03——科技成就,增强民族自豪感(全国通用)2027跟着经典英语高考试题备高考

2026-10-08
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永升英语辅导与试题研究
进店逛逛

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专题03 高考经典语法填空 —展现科技成就,增强民族自豪感 目 录 真题·命题感知 1 进阶·题型剖析 7 拔高·模拟演练 10 真题·命题感知 一、高考经典阅读理解——展现科技成就,增强民族自豪感 经典:阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。(2020年全国新课标Ⅰ卷) China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon. The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe (探测器)— the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess 1 — (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin. Landing on the moon’s far side is 2 (extreme) challenging. Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot 3 it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. The far side of the moon is of particular 4 (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山), more so 5 the familiar near side. Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang’e-4 6 (find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin. "This really excites scientists," Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, "because it 7 (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon 8 (construct)" Data about the moon’s composition, such as how 9 ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether 10 (it) plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical. 2.为什么高考中中国高质量发展成就(尤其是科技)是重要的命题情境 引导学生增强国家认同和家国情怀,坚定文化自信是命题的重要思想。其具体的表现就是国家显著的发展成就,这是增强民族自豪感的具体体现,与此同时,也就增强了国家认同和文化自信。同时向世界展示我们国家发展的硬实力。 进阶·解题技巧 语法填空的基本技巧: 考点1 动词时态与语态 1.确定作谓语 分析句子结构,若句中无谓语动词,或者虽然已有谓语动词,但空处所填词与之是并列关系时,空处就用谓语动词。 若填谓语动词,就要考虑时态、语态和主谓一致 (1)根据语境、并列谓语、时间标志词等确定用哪种时态; (2)根据主语与谓语之间是主动关系还是被动关系以确定语态; (3)根据人称和数,确保主谓一致。 2确定时态 1.根据具体的时间状语:常见的时态的时间状语标志词 时态 时间状语 一般现在时 now, today, nowadays, every year, usually等 一般过去时 yesterday, last week, in 2021, the other day, two years ago, previously等 一般将来时 next year, in the future, soon, tomorrow等 现在进行时 now, at present, at this moment等 现在完成时 since+时间点,in/over the past... years, in recent years, for+时间段, so far等 过去完成时 by then, by the end of ..., when/before/after引导的从句等 2.根据具并列关系: 考查动词时态的题目有时可以根据句子或谓语动词之间的平行关系词“and, but, or, rather than, neither... nor..., not only... but also...”等前后的谓语动词的时态必须一致来确定时态。 3.根据常用句式定时态: (1)was/were doing... when...+一般过去时 (2)was/were about to do... when...+一般过去时 (3)it is the+序数词+time+that...+现在完成时 (4)it was the+序数词+time+that...+过去完成时 (5)No sooner had+主语+done... than+一般过去时 (6)Hardly/Scarcely had+主语+done... when+一般过去时 (7)It will be+时间段+before+一般现在时 4.根据语境暗示。没有标志性的时间状语,且其他参照物都不明显的情况下,通过正确理解语境暗示解题,也是解决时态问题尤其是易错题的重要方法。 2 动词的语态 确定语态 1.根据逻辑辨别主动或被动关系 (1)分析句子结构,发现提示词作谓语,若与主语之间是主动关系,应考虑用主动语态;若是被动关系则考虑用被动语态。 (2)被动语态的基本形式为:be+过去分词。 (3)运用上面的技法来判断是什么时态的被动语态,再根据主谓一致判断be动词的形式。 2.主动表被动 (1)当feel,look,smell,taste,sound等后面接形容词时; (2)当read,sell,wear,write,wash等作不及物动词表示主语内在“品质”或“性能”时; 3 主谓一致 确定“主谓一致” 项目 主语 谓语动词 语法 一致 不可数名词、单数可数名词、动名词(短语)、动词不定式、主语从句、the number of+复数可数名词 单数 复数可数名词,and连接的两个名词,a number of+复数可数名词 复数 (together) with, as well as, but, except, along with, rather than, in addition to, including等连接的主语 与前面主语一致   意义 一致 “the+形容词”表示抽象概念;强调整体的集合名词 单数 “the+形容词”表示一类人或物;强调个体的集合名词 复数 就近 一致 neither... nor..., either... or..., not only... but also..., not... but...等连接的主语;“here/there+谓语+主语”结构中的主语不止一个时 与邻近主语一致  考点2 非谓语动词 确定作非谓语 分析句子结构,所给提示词是动词时,若句中已有谓语动词,又无连词时,则考虑填非谓语动词。 1 非谓语动词作状语 1.识别标志 (1)挖空句有谓语动词,通常用逗号把状语与主干分隔开。 (2)我们需要认真分析句子结构,明确句子成分,先甄别出句子的主干,再确定用哪种形式作状语。 2.思维建模 (1)找句子主干:认真阅读挖空的句子,找出句子的主语、谓语(和宾语),从而正确理解句意。 (2)确定谓语动词和非谓语动词:分析所给的提示词与主语和谓语动词之间的关系。 (3)确定填哪种非谓语动词形式: ①主语与提示词是逻辑上的主谓关系:表目的,用to do; 表出乎意料的结果,用only to do; 表时间、条件、原因、让步、伴随、自然而然的结果,用doing。 ②主语与提示词是逻辑上的动宾关系:表动作还未发生,用to be done; 表动作已经发生,用done。 非谓语动词作定语 1.识别标志 (1)空格可在名词或代词之前,也可在名词或代词之后,对该名词或代词起修饰或限定作用。 (2)如果有逗号隔开,放在名词或代词之后,通常对该名词进行补充说明,其作用相当于一个非限制性定语从句。 2.方法指导 (1)如果名词中心词是该动作的发出者,通常用现在分词(短语)作定语。 (2)如果名词中心词是该动作的承受者,通常用过去分词(短语)作定语。 (3)如果表示未发生的动作,且名词中心词是该动作的承受者,通常用动词不定式作定语。 3 非谓语动词作表语 1.识别标志 非谓语动词作表语包括现在分词、过去分词和动词不定式三种。空格通常在系动词 be, become, get, seem, appear, look, turn等之后,描述主语的特点或状态。 2.方法指导 (1)主语是表示人的名词或代词,通常用过去分词作表语,表示主语的心情和感受。 (2)主语是表示事物的名词或代词,通常用现在分词作表语,表示事物的特点。 (3)动词不定式作表语通常表示未发生的动作。 非谓语动词作宾语 1.识别标志 动词不定式和动名词都可以充当宾语。牢记非谓语动词作宾语的固定结构: 【高频再现】 (1)介词(如by, for, of, with, without, after等)之后加动名词作宾语,注意to的身份识别。 (2)只能跟动名词作宾语的动词和短语:advise, admit, allow, avoid, appreciate, ban, delay, deny; be accustomed to, be devoted to, lead to, object to等。 (3)在下列动词之后,常接不定式作宾语:decide, demand, offer, hope, promise, agree, plan, manage, refuse, wish, pretend, learn, want等。 2.方法指导 (1)仔细观察挖空的句子。 (2)找出(句子的)谓语动词。 (3)确定填动名词还是动词不定式。 非谓语动词作主语 1.识别标志 主语是谓语陈述的对象,通常位于句首。动名词(doing)和动词不定式(to do)都可以充当主语。 2.方法指导 【高频再现】 (1)句中缺少主语,找到句子的谓语部分,确定应用doing还是to do作主语。 (2)表示抽象的、习惯性的或经常性的动作用doing,表具体某一次的动作用to do。 (3)掌握用动名词或不定式作主语的句型: ①It's +adj.(hard/difficult/easy/possible/kind等)(+for/of sb)+to do sth ②It's no use/no good/no fun/a pleasure/no pleasure/a waste of time doing sth ③It takes sb+some time/money+to do sth 6.非谓语动词作补足语 1.识别标志 动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词都可充当宾语补足语。 【高频再现】 (1)不定式作宾补:allow, ask, beg, command, encourage, expect, forbid, invite, persuade, tell等+sb to do sth。 (2)have sb/sth doing “让某人/某物一直做”; have sb/sth done “使某人/某物被……”。 (3)with复合结构 ①with+宾语+to do,表示动作还未发生; ②with+宾语+doing,表示主动、动作正在进行; ③with+宾语+done,表示被动、动作已完成。 2.方法指导 (1)动词不定式作宾语补足语,通常表示一个宾语发出的动作。在一些结构中必须用动词不定式作宾语补足语。 (2)现在分词作宾语补足语,宾语是动作的发出者,表示一个正在进行的、主动的动作。 (3)过去分词作宾语补足语,宾语是动作的承受者,表示一个完成的、被动的动作。 考点3词形转换 1 名词复数 名词单复数的形式比较复杂,注意掌握好以下的情况 (1)有些名词一般不用复数形式,但可用复数形式来表达不同的类别 fishes各种鱼;fruits各种水果;steels各种钢材 (2)有些名词的单复数形式表达不同的含义 snow雪, snows积雪; two people两个人,two peoples两个民族 (3)glass一词作 “玻璃”解时,为物质名词,不可数 The cup is made of glass. 作 “玻璃杯”解时,则为个体名词,可数;如I bought ten glasses this morning. 作 “眼镜”解时,须用复数形式glasses.如: a man with thick glasses (4)paper一词作“纸”解时,不可数 write on paper; 作“报纸”“文件”“考卷”解时,则可数,如: hand in your test papers (5)物质名词表示数量时,一般用表示数量的短语来表示。of之前的数量名词,要根据情况使用单数或复数形式 a cup of tea; four pieces of bread; a cake of soap (6)有些抽象名词的复数形式表示不同的含义 time(时间)→times( 时代,次,倍数) work(工作)→ works( 著作,工厂,工事) air(空气) →airs( 气派,架子,姿态 ) look(看)→looks(容貌) custom(习惯) →customs(海关) advice(劝告)→advices(消息) arm(手臂)→arms(军火) damage(损坏)→damages(赔偿金) glass(玻璃)→glasses(眼镜,玻璃杯) good(利益)→ goods(货物) compass(指南针)→compasses(圆规) manner(态度) →manners(礼貌,习俗) 2 动词变为名词 名词后缀 示例 -er/ -or announce→announcer广播员 conduct→conductor指挥;售票员 instruct→instructor 指导者,教师 design→designer设计师 -ment achieve→achievement成就 argue→argument辩论;论据 equip →equipment装备;设备 govern→government政府 -y recover→recovery恢复 discover→discovery发现 -ance/ -ence appear→appearance出现;外貌 perform→performance表演;表现 prefer→preference偏爱 refer→reference参考,查阅 -ure/ -ture fail→failure失败;倒闭 press→pressure压力 depart→departure离开;出发 mix→mixture混合(物) -ing hear→hearing听力,听觉 begin→beginning开始 build→building建筑 warn→warning 警告 -ion/ -tion/ -sion/ correct→correction改正 celebrate→celebration庆祝 conclude→conclusion结论;结束 discuss→discussion讨论;论述 decide→decision决定 admit→admission承认;准许加入 permit→permission允许,许可 invite→invitation邀请 explain→explanation解释 expect→expectation期望 3 动词变形容词 形容词后缀 示例 -able enjoy vt.享受→enjoyable adj.令人愉快的 suit vt.适合→suitable adj.合适的adjust vt.调节→adjustable adj. 可调整的 -ed frustrate vt.使沮丧→frustrated adj. 沮丧的annoy vt.使生气→annoyed adj. 恼怒的 -ing convince vt.说服,使信服→convincing adj.令人信服的 thrill vt.使兴奋 → thrilling adj.令人兴奋的 -ful forget vt.忘记→forgetful adj.健忘的 succeed vt.成功→successful adj. 成功的 -ive comprehend v. 理解→comprehensive adj. 综合性的 create v. 创造→creative adj. 有创造力的 -ant tolerate v.容忍→tolerant adj. 宽容的,容忍的 ignore v. 忽视→ignorant adj. 无知的,愚昧的 4提示词是名词的词形转换 1.名词考查转化为形容词或动词的后缀 后缀 示例 --y sun→sunny 有阳光的,晴朗的 guilt →guilty 内疚的 --ed balance→balanced平衡的 gift →gifted 有天赋的 --ful meaning→meaningful 有意义的 colour→colourful 五彩缤纷的 --able suit →suitable 合适的 change→changeable 易变的 --ous courage→courageous 勇敢的 mystery →mysterious 神秘的 --al addition→additional 附加的 globe→global 全球的 --ly friend→friendly 友好的 love→lovely 可爱的 --en wood→wooden 木制的 wool→woolen 羊毛的 --cal politics →political 政治的 ecology→ ecological 生态的 --ant significance →significant有意义的 ignorance→ ignorant 无知的 --cial commerce →commercial 商业的 finance →financial 金融的 -en deep→deepen 变深,加深 length→lengthen 延长 后缀 示例 --y sun→sunny 有阳光的,晴朗的 guilt →guilty 内疚的 --ed balance→balanced平衡的 gift →gifted 有天赋的 --ful meaning→meaningful 有意义的 colour→colourful 五彩缤纷的 --able suit →suitable 合适的 change→changeable 易变的 --ous courage→courageous 勇敢的 mystery →mysterious 神秘的 --al addition→additional 附加的 globe→global 全球的 --ly friend→friendly 友好的 love→lovely 可爱的 --en wood→wooden 木制的 wool→woolen 羊毛的 --cal politics →political 政治的 ecology→ ecological 生态的 --ant significance →significant有意义的 ignorance→ ignorant 无知的 --cial commerce →commercial 商业的 finance →financial 金融的 -en deep→deepen 变深,加深 length→lengthen 延长 2.名词转化为名词后缀 后缀 例词 -ian/ -ist/ music→ musician音乐家politics→ politician政治家 science→ scientist科学家piano→ pianist钢琴家 4. 形容词、副词的词性转化 1.形容词的词形转换 类别 例词 词尾加-y cloud→cloudy, luck→lucky, health→healthy, sleep→sleepy 词尾加-(e)d gift→gifted, talent→talented, advance→advanced, excite→excited 词尾加­ing surprise→surprising, convince→convincing, frighten→frightening 词尾加-ful/-less meaning→meaningful/meaningless, care→careful/careless, help→helpful/helpless, harm→harmful/harmless, home→homeless, colour→colourful/colourless, use→useful/useless, thank→thankful/thankless, peace→peaceful/peaceless 词尾加-able comfort→comfortable, knowledge→knowledgeable, accept→acceptable, respect→respectable 词尾加-ous danger→dangerous, courage→courageous, humour→humorous 词尾的-ce变为-t confidence→confident, difference→different 词尾加-al music→musical, person→personal, nation→national, education→educational, tradition→traditional 词尾加-ly friend→friendly, week→weekly, love→lovely 词尾加-en wood→wooden, wool→woolen 其他常见变化 energy→energetic, fool→foolish, pleasure→pleasant/pleased, science→scientific 以重读闭音节结尾的名词变成形容词时,要双写该辅音字母再加-y(如sun→sunny, fun→funny等),以e结尾的名词要去掉e再加-y(如noise→noisy, ice→icy, taste→tasty等) 动词词尾加­ive/­ative attract→attractive, talk→talkative, prevent→preventive, protect→protective 2.副词的词形转换规律总结 类别 例词 形容词+后缀-ly clear→clearly, great→greatly, loud→loudly, sudden→suddenly, sincere→sincerely 以辅音字母加-y结尾的形容词,把y变成i再加-ly happy→happily, heavy→heavily, angry→angrily, lucky→luckily, noisy→noisily*shy→shyly(y的发音为/aɪ/,直接加­ly) 词尾为­ble/­le的形容词,去掉e,再加-y terrible→terribly, possible→possibly, gentle→gently, probable→probably, comfortable→comfortably, responsible→responsibly, suitable→suitably (例外:whole→wholly) 词尾为-ue的形容词,去掉e再加-ly true→truly(高中阶段仅此一例) 词尾为-ll的形容词,直接加-y full→fully, dull→dully 词尾为-ic的形容词,加-ally basic→basically, scientific→scientifically, specific→specifically, automatic→automatically 6.形容词、副词比较等级 形容词、副词比较级和最高级的构成(+­er/­est)转换 以­e结尾 +­r/­st late—later—latest 以“辅音字母+y”结尾 变-y为i,+­er/­est early—earlier—earliest 以重读闭音节结尾(末尾只有一个辅音字母) 双写结尾字母+­er/est big—bigger—biggest 多音节和部分双音节结尾 前面加more/most beautiful—more beautiful—most beautiful 温馨提示:(1)有少数几个双音节形容词,既可以加­er和­est,又可以加more和most构成比较级和最高级。这些双音节词有:common, handsome, quiet, pleasant, cruel, stupid, friendly等。 (2)有些形容词没有程度可分或形容词本身就表示某种程度,因此没有比较级和最高级。这类形容词有:right (正确的), wrong (错误的), excellent (优秀的), possible (可能的), empty (空的), first (第一的), wooden (木制的), final (最后的), east (东方的), last (最后的), favourite (最喜欢的)等。 (3)不规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 good, well better best bad, badly, ill worse worst many, much more most little less least far farther(指时间或空间上“更远的”) farthest(指时间或空间上“最久的;最远的”) further(指空间距离“更远的”;在更大程度上) furthest(指空间距离“最远的”;在最大程度上) old older/elder oldest/eldest 考点4连词与从句引导词 填连词 如果个单词、短语、句子之间存在并列、转折、选择或因果关系,则考虑填入并列连词。如果设空处所填单词要引导从句,首先要看它引导哪种从句,然后根据引导词的种类和功能确定填哪个引导词。 1考查并列连词 空格前后的两个或几个内容在句中充当相同的成分或发挥相同的作用时,填并列连词。 ① 并列或顺承关系用and;转折关系用but;选择关系用or;因果关系用so (前因后果),for(前果后因);对比关系用while。 ② 还要注意连词的固定搭配:both … and … ;not only … but (also) … ; neither … nor … ; either … or … 等。 2考查引导状语从句的从属连词  若空格和空格后的内容能构成一个句子且该句子同时在另外一个句子中充当某个成分时,则空格填适当的从属连词来引导相应的从句。表示条件用if, unless;表示让步用although, though;表示原因用because, as, since;表示结果用so… that…,such … that …;表示时间用when, while, as, before, after;表示地点用where, wherever;表示目的用so that,in order that;表示方式用as, as if等。 3考查引导名词性从句的连词 引导名词性从句的连词that不充当句子成分又无任何意义,whether或if不充当句子成分,意思是“是否”。在介词后或者后面紧跟or not时,只能用whether,不能用if。 1)副词的判断 引导定语从句的关系副词when指代时间名词,在定语从句中作时间状语;where代指地点名词,在定语从句中作地点状语;why代指表示原因的名词,在定语从句中作原因状语。也会关注固定句型中的副词,如too… to … , so … that … 等。 2)助动词的判断 如果句子结构完整,设空处后面是动词原形,尤其是上下文不是现在时或主语是第三人称单数时,则很可能填表示强调、疑问或倒装的助动词。 语法填空题既考查考生的语言知识也考查考生的语言技能。答题时既要考虑上下文语境和设空所在句的句意,也要分析空格处要填的词在语句中的的句子成分,还要依据固定搭配解题,因为冠词、介词、连词、代词和副词的固定搭配都是高频考点。 考点4介词、冠词、代词 1.介词 语法填空题对介词的考查形式为纯空格,即无提示词,考点主要集中在介词的基本用法和含介词的固定搭配的用法上。要求考生正确理解句意,平时注意积累名词、形容词、动词与介词的固定搭配。 首先,分析句子结构: 名词或代词或what从句在句中不作主语、表语或动词的宾语时,其前面一般是填介词;空格放在名词前后时,应考虑名词与介词的搭配;空格放在不及物动词后名词前时,应考虑动词与介词的搭配;空格放在形容词后名词前时,应考虑形容词与介词的搭配。 无提示词填空对介词的考查两点: ① 介词的基本用法(如at、in、on表示时间,by、before、after、till/until表示时间,by、in、on、with表示“使用……工具、方式、手段”等), ② 固定搭配中的介词:介词与名词、介词与动词、介词与形容词或副词之间的固定搭配(如:by chance碰巧,on average平均,in vain徒劳;adapt to适应,account for说明……的原因,come across遇见,remind sb. of sth.提醒某人某事;be curious about对……好奇的,be popular with受……的欢迎,be proud of因……而自豪的,be rich in富含……的)。 介词常见用法(具体参考本专辑专题考点04) 时间介词 in(表示一天中某段时间,指天、年、月、季节、周次等),on(表示某一天或星期几,指明具体的时间),at(表示特定的时间、节日、年龄),by(…的时候、到、等到…已经等,用在天、时间的前面) 1.in 与after的用法区别:A.介词in+一段时间用于一般将来时。B.介词after+一段时间用于一般过去时。C.介词after+时间点常用于一般将来时。 2. for与since的用法区别:A.介词for表示一段时间。B.介词since表示从过去某一时间以来。 3. during与for的用法区别:A.当所指的时间起止分明时用介词during。B.如果一段时间不明确则用介词for。 4. before与by的用法区别:A.介词before表示“在…之前”。B.介词by表示“到…时为止,不迟于…”。 地点介词 in, at, on, to 1.at 与in 的用法区别:at表示较小的地方,如家、村、乡村等。in表示较大的地方,如大城市、国家、洲等。 2.at与on的用法区别:at用于门牌号。on用于路名。 3.in,on,to的用法区别:in表示“包含”,如:Beijing is in the north ofChina.on表示“紧邻”,如:Canada lies on the north of theU.S.to表示“没接触”,如:France lies to the south of England. 方式介词 with, in, by in,with,by的用法区别:in表示“用材料、语言”。如: Can you say it in English?with表示“用工具、某物”如: with a pen。by表示“用、以、靠、通过…方法”。如:He prefers traveling by car. 方位介词 at, in, on, to, beneath, over, under, above, below, in front of / in the front of / behind, between / among, over/across/through 1.in,on,at 的用法区别:in表示“排、行、组”。on表示“左、右”。at表示“前、后”。  2.on, over, above的用法区别:on表示一物放在另一物上面两者紧贴在一起。over表示一种垂直悬空的上下关系,即“在…上方”。介词above表示一般的“高于….”,“在…之上”。 3.under与below的用法区别:under是over的反义词即“在…下方”。below是above的反义词即“低于…” ,“在…之下”。 4. across, through, over, past的用法区别:across着重于“从—头或—边到另—头或另—边”,强调从表面穿过。through着重于“穿越” ,强调从一定的空间内穿过。over多表示从“上方越过”。past表示从“面前经过” 。 其他 1.当表示时间的词前有this, that时,其前面不用介词,如:this morning 2.当表示时间的词前有next时,其前面不用介词,如: next Sunday 3.当表示时间的词前有last时,其前面不用介词,如:last Sunday 4.当表示时间的词前有one, any, each, every, some或all时,其前面不用介词,如:You can come any day. 2.冠词 冠词是语法填空的高频考点,经常考查不定冠词a, an和定冠词the的基本用法和固定搭配。首先看空格后是否有名词,有单数可数名词,搭配后表示泛指时,应考虑不定冠词a/an;有名词,搭配后表示特指时,应考虑定冠词the;还要看是否是固定搭配。 种类 常见用法 不定冠词 (a / an) 1. 修饰可数名词单数,表示泛指。以元音音素开头的单词前需要用an,而以辅音音素开头的单词前用a。如:an apple, a banana, an umbrella。 2. 与序数词连用,表示再一,又一”。如:You can try it a second time if you fail. 3. 固定搭配。如:all of a sudden; as a matter of fact; as a result; as a rule; as a whole; at a distance; in a way。 定冠词 (the) 1. 表复指上文提到过的人或物。如:We have a cat and two dogs. The cat is black and the dogs are white. 2. 表特指说话双方都知道的人或物。如: Pass me the dictionary, please. 3. 用于比较级前,特指两个被比较的对象的一个。如:Of the two brothers, the younger is more interesting. 零冠词 1. 记忆口诀:下列情况应免冠,代词限定名词前,专有名词不可数,学科球类三餐饭,复数名词表泛指,两节星期月份前,颜色语种和国名,称呼习语及头衔。 2. 固定搭配。如:lose heart, by chance, in time, catch sight of, in place of。 特殊用法 1.抽象名词或物质名词具体化。如:a surprise 一件意外的事情;a pleasure一个令人快乐的事情。 2. 序数词前的冠词活用。如:Can you give me a second chance, please? 3.表示乐器的名词前的冠词活用。如:play the piano;play erhu。 3.代词及其它 无提示词语法填空对代词的考查主要集中在引导定语从句的关系代词、引导名词性从句的连接代词和it的用法。 1考查关系代词 先行词为人时,在定语从句中作主语的关系代词可用who或that,在定语从句中作宾语的关系代词可用whom/who/that(在介词后只能用whom),在定语从句中作定语的关系代词可用whose。 ② 先行词为物时,在定语从句中作主语或宾语的关系代词可用which或that(在介词后只能用which),在定语从句中作定语的关系代词可用whose。 ③ 还要知道引导定语从句的关系代词在下列场合只能用that:先行词既有人又有物、先行词是表示事物的不定代词或被某些不定代词修饰、表示事物的先行词被序数词或最高级修饰。 2考查连接代词 名词性从句不缺成分且意义完整时用that引导,名词性从句缺主语或宾语时,如果表示未知的事物,用what,已知的事物,表示“哪一个”用which;表示人时,作主语用who,作宾语用whom。 3考查 it 的固定搭配 关于代词it,主要考查以下用法: ① it代替上文提到的单数可数名词或不可数名词。 ② it用于强调句型中。 ③ it作形式主语或形式宾语。 ④ it用在固定结构中。常见的含有it的固定结构: I got it. 我明白了。 At last we made it. 我们终于成功了。 I can’t help it.  我没有办法。 Take it easy. 别着急。 Believe it or not. 信不信由你。 When it comes to... 当谈及……等 拔高·模拟演练 1.阅读下面材料,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。(2027届(豫陕冀晋青)五省名校联考高三适应性考试) Since February, Chinese AI models 1 (develop) by companies including DeepSeek and MiniMax have overtaken US competitors in token consumption, according to OpenRouter data. This remarkable change points to a deeper 2 (transform) in the global AI competition. Nvidia’ s chief executive Jensen Huang stated this month that the production and use of these digital units will continuously drive the healthy development of the world’s AI economy in the years 3 (come), providing a solid foundation for its growth. As developers 4 (charge) per token (词元), token consumption acts not only as a 5 (rely) measure for the popularity of different AI models 6 a competitive pricing battleground for top technology companies worldwide. With advanced AI agents built on open-source platforms 7 (consume) far more tokens than traditional chatbots, the ability to produce tokens at a low cost is becoming more valuable in international competition. This important edge is gradually giving China a new advantage 8 other countries, 9 will shape the long-term future of technological development worldwide. This rising strength will undoubtedly support Chinese AI companies to compete with global 10 (giant) and make continuous breakthroughs in the dynamic field of artificial intelligence. 2.阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。(2027·云南省月考) In 2007, a tiny robot named i-Sobot “came to life” at a facility in Dongguan, Guangdong province. The remote-controlled robot, no larger than 1 palm, could perform about 240 movements, including walking and climbing, with remarkable accuracy. This first-generation machine was a microcosm (缩影) of China’s early exploration into intelligent robotics, 2 (plant) the seeds for a domestic smart equipment industry that would flourish over a span of nearly two decades. Fast forward to today, and the transformation is outstanding. Chinese robots 3 (evolve) from basic walking motions to autonomous thinking and collaborative decision-making. They are no longer restricted to research labs 4 have become concrete carriers of “new quality productive forces” — a concept driven by technological innovation, high 5 (efficient), and high-quality output. Inside a factory in Dongguan, a direct-drive bipedal (双足行走的) robot named “Xingtian” moves 6 (swift) through hazardous zones, performing transport, inspection, and exploration tasks 7 once required human workers. On assembly lines in Zhaoqing, Guangdong, robotic 8 (arm) operate in high-speed coordination, achieving millimeter-level precision that boosts manufacturing capacity while pushing factories toward full automation and unmanned operation. At a Southern Power Grid substation in Guangzhou, the provincial capital of Guangdong, a quadruped (四足的) robot “Feiyun” patrols 9 the clock, ensuring power supply safety while freeing human workers from 10 (repeat), high-risk tasks. Contrary to popular belief, these robots are not replacing humans — they are revolutionizing work patterns. 3.阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。(2026·河北沧州市部分高中高三第一次模拟) The world’s first solar magnetic field (磁场) telescope working in the mid-infrared wavelength (中红外波段) has passed its final acceptance review, according to the National Astronomical Observatories of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (NAOC). The telescope, 1 (know) as the Accurate Infrared Magnetic Field Measurements of the Sun (AIMS), provides a crucial benchmark for building future large-scale astronomical 2 (facility) at high-altitude sites, said Deng Yuanyong, a researcher at the NAOC. The solar magnetic field acts as the “master switch” 3 powers the eruptions such as solar flares (太阳耀斑). Measuring it with high precision is therefore central to 4 (predict) space weather and safeguarding technological systems. “Intense solar magnetic activity can directly affect communication, navigation 5 power supply on Earth, while current measurements, which are carried out almost exclusively in the visible wavelengths, remain imperfect in precision,” Deng explained. “This has become a major bottleneck in improving 6 understanding of solar activity.” The AIMS is in Qinghai Province, at an average altitude of about 4,000 meters. Despite thin air and a special environment, such a site 7 (offer) near-perfect conditions for viewing the sun at mid-infrared wavelengths. The telescope has turned solar magnetic-field measurement from indirect 8 (infer) into direct detection, remarkably boosting its precision. The AIMS is expected 9 (deliver) data that will enhance solar physics research in China and 10 (sharp) the country’s capabilities in solar activity monitoring and space-weather predicting. 4.阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。(2026·福建名校联盟考前适应性考试) China has announced its latest nuclear fusion (核聚变) energy initiative, marking a new phase in its efforts 1 (advance) clean energy. The Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) 2 (official) introduced the Burning Plasma Experimental Superconducting Tokamak (BEST) program in Hefei. Tokamaks are often called “artificial suns” because they copy the reaction that 3 (power) the sun. Fusion energy has long been called the “ultimate energy source” for its potential to provide clean power on a massive scale. However, it is still far from 4 (practice), as current reactors usually consume more energy than they generate. The BEST project, 5 (schedule) for completion by 2027, aims to overcome this challenge by achieving “burning plasma,” a state 6 the reaction sustains itself through its own heat. Once construction is finished, the facility will conduct experiments 7 (involve) plasma made from deuterium and tritium, two hydrogen isotopes (氢同位素). If the project can generate more energy than it consumes, it will demonstrate the practicability of fusion power. Lead researcher Song Yuntao described the project 8 “an exploration into unknown territory”. BEST represents the next stage in China’s long-term nuclear research, following the success of the EAST reactor, which has operated since 2006 9 has achieved several important results. Since 2018, China has increased 10 (invest) in major scientific projects, including space exploration and quantum (量子) technology, with BEST now a key part of this broader effort. 5.阅读下面材料,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。(2026·安徽蚌埠市适应性考试) A novel experiment on the fundamental science of lithium-ion batteries has been carried out aboard China’s Tiangong space station, according to the Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences on Wednesday. This experiment, conducted by the three astronauts 1 (comprise) the Shenzhou-21 crew, aimed to uncover the mechanisms behind battery 2 (perform) by using the unique conditions of space. Lithium-ion batteries are essential for modern space 3 (mission) due to their high energy density (密度) and reliability. However, a thorough understanding of their internal behavior — particularly 4 chemicals distribute within the electrolyte (电解质), which critically impacts power output and lifespan — has been challenging to achieve under conditions on Earth, the institute explained. “The fundamental challenge on the ground 5 (lie) in gravity,” said the institute. “Gravity is 6 (constant) mixed with electric fields, making it difficult to separate the influence of gravity 7 internal battery processes.” In contrast, the microgravity environment of the space station offers an ideal setting 8 (observe) these processes without the influence of gravity. “Insights gained from this microgravity research 9 (expect) to overcome current limitations in understanding the interplay between gravitational and electric fields.” said the institute. These findings will help improve existing battery systems in orbit and support the design of 10 new generation of safer, higher-energy-density batteries for future space exploration, it added. 6.阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。(安徽省江南十校2025-2026学年高三下学期综合素质检测) China’s technological breakthroughs, accelerating rapidly in the past decade, have reshaped the landscapes of global 1 (innovate). The successful launch of the Chang’e-6 lunar probe in 2024, which collected samples from the moon’s far side, 2 (demonstrate) extraordinary space exploration capabilities of China already. Quantum (量子) computing represents another frontier 3 China leads. The Jiuzhang 3.0 prototype (原型), 4 (develop) by Chinese scientists, solved complex problems in seconds that would take supercomputers years. Such progress arises 5 sufficient investment in basic research, with national research spending rising by 10% annually since 2020. In green technology, 6 China dominates are solar panel production and wind turbine installation (涡轮机装置). By 2026, 7 (renew) energy will account for 37% of its total electricity consumption, significantly reducing carbon emissions. This commitment is reflected in the nation’s promise 8 (achieve) carbon neutrality (碳中和) by 2060. Artificial intelligence also thrives here. Shenzhen-based Huawei’s Ascend chips power AI systems are widely used in smart cities, 9 (make) urban management more efficient. International partnerships, like the China-Europe joint Mars mission, 10 (far) prove that technological advancement knows no boundaries. 7.阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Chinese scientists have introduced the world’s first AI-powered breeding (育种) robot with a 1 (combine) of two technologies: artificial intelligence (AI) and biotechnology. It can move 2 (autonomous) and carry out cross-pollination (异花授粉) , 3 (promise) low breeding costs, short breeding cycles, and great breeding efficiency. “AI and robots offer vast 4 (opportunity) in shifting hybrid breeding toward precision agriculture to enhance crop yields, reduce costs 5 promote sustainable practices. Our new study initiated an intelligent breeding model of integrated biotechnology, AI and robot labor — marking China’s 6 (success) pioneering efforts in the construction of a closed-loop (闭环) technology system for intelligent robotized hybrid breeding. It also shows the application prospects of ‘AI for science’ in the sector of biological breeding,” said Xu Cao, 7 expert from the Institute of Genetics and Development Biology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. It was he that 8 (lead) the research team which built the robot. With biotechnology as its foundation, AI as empowerment, and robotic as operator, this study could help China take the lead 9 the race to create breeding robot with a closed-loop technology system 10 is fully autonomous and intelligent. 8.阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The world’s first solar magnetic-field (磁场) telescope operating in the mid-infrared wavelength (中红外波长) range has 1 (official) become operational after gaining government 2 (approve), marking a major breakthrough in solar magnetic field research. The telescope, known as the Accurate Infrared Magnetic Field Measurements of the Sun, or AIMS, is located in Lenghu township, Qinghai province, 3 an average altitude of about 4,000 meters. AIMS’ development addresses a long-standing bottleneck in the century-old history of solar magnetic field measurements by achieving 4 leap from indirect to direct measurement. The telescope reduces the impact of high environmental background noise in the mid-infrared wavelength range. 5 (combine) with cooling technologies, this design improves the precision of magnetic field measurements. In addition, the team has invented a new way 6 (adjust) polarized light (偏振光) and built a mirror-only instrument, 7 prevents unwanted polarization effects from affecting their results. The telescope 8 (expect) to operate year round. Weather 9 (permit), it will have an anticipated 250 days of observation annually. The data collected will support fundamental research in solar physics and advance studies in space weather forecast. And the researchers further plan to collaborate with some leading international teams to maximize its 10   (science) impact. 9.阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Named after a mythical dragon, Jiaolong is China’s first 1 (man) deep-sea research submersible. It was developed by Chinese designers starting from 2002 and 2 (enter) service in 2010, making China the fifth country in the world 3 deep-sea exploration technology. In 2017, during a 138-day expedition 4 started in February, the submersible’s mother ship, Xiangyanghong 09 sailed nearly 34,000 km into the South China Sea, the northwestern Indian Ocean, and the northwestern Pacific Ocean. The submersible made five 5 (dive) in the Mariana Trench and the Yap Trench, both in the western Pacific Ocean. These operations have enabled scientists to better understand geographical and 6 (biology) conditions deep under the oceans, providing a valuable 7 (explain) about oceanic ecosystems. Jiaolong underwent maintenance before 8 (start) its next adventure. In 2020, Jiaolong began its first global deep-sea scientific exploration mission. It had 9 new mother ship, which was named Deep Sea No.1. This grand mission was intended 10 (strengthen)China’s capacity in surveying deep-sea environments and increased the nation’s global influence in this field. 10.阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或用括号内单词的正确形式。 China’s Shenzhou-21 space rocket lifted off on Friday atop a Long March-2F rocket from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Centre in northwest China, Chinese state media reported. It was the 1 (seven) mission to the permanently inhabited Chinese space station since it was completed in 2022. 2 (mission) on China’s Shenzhou-21 spacecraft involve trios of astronauts on six-month stays in space, with veteran astronauts 3 (increasing) replaced by younger faces. First - timers Zhang Hongzhang, 39, and Wu Fei, 32, China’s 4 (young) astronaut to be sent to space 5 (pick) to participate in the program in 2020. Commander Zhang Lu, 48, flew on the 2022 Shenzhou-15 mission. The Shenzhou-21 astronauts will take over from the Shenzhou-20 crew who had lived and worked on board Tiangong, 6 “Heavenly Palace,” for more than six months. The Shenzhou-20 astronauts will return to Earth in the 7 (come) days. The Shenzhou-21 crew were also joined by four black mice, the first small mammals 8 (take) to the Chinese space station. The mice will be used in experiments on reproduction in low Earth orbit. Biannual launches have become the norm for the Shenzhou program, 9 has in the past year reached new milestones with the deployment of Chinese astronauts born in the 1990s, a world-record spacewalk, and plans to train and send the first foreign astronaut, from Pakistan, 10 Tiangong next year. 4 / 6 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $ 专题03 高考经典语法填空 —展现科技成就,增强民族自豪感 目 录 真题·命题感知 1 进阶·题型剖析 7 拔高·模拟演练 10 真题·命题感知 一、高考经典阅读理解——展现科技成就,增强民族自豪感 经典:阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。(2020年全国新课标Ⅰ卷) China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon. The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe (探测器)— the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess 1 — (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin. Landing on the moon’s far side is 2 (extreme) challenging. Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot 3 it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. The far side of the moon is of particular 4 (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山), more so 5 the familiar near side. Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang’e-4 6 (find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin. "This really excites scientists," Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, "because it 7 (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon 8 (construct)" Data about the moon’s composition, such as how 9 ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether 10 (it) plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical. 【答案】 1.touched 2.extremely 3.where 4.interest 5.than 6.to find 7.means 8.is constructed 9.much 10.its 【解析】这是一篇说明文。中国成为第一个将航天器降落在月球背面的国家,文章主要介绍了中国无人月球探测器嫦娥四号发射的意义。 1.考查时态。句意:无人月球探测器嫦娥四号——名字的灵感来源于古代的中国月亮女神——上周在南极艾特肯盆地着陆。此处是句子的谓语,根据时间状语last week可知应使用一般过去时,故填touched。 2.考查副词。句意:登录月球的背面是极其有挑战性的。空处修饰形容词challenging,应使用extreme的副词形式,故填extremely。 3.考查定语从句。句意:中国首先必须把一颗人造卫星送入月球轨道上的一个点,人造卫星可以在这个点向航天器和地球发射信号。分析句子可知,空处引导一个定语从句,先行词是a spot,关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语,应用where引导。故填where。 4.考查名词。句意:月球背面让科学家尤其感兴趣。根据空前的形容词particular可知,空处应填名词,interest是不可数名词,be of interest to sb.意为“(某物)使某人感兴趣”。故填interest。 5.考查介词。句意:因为它比近地面有更多的深环形山。根据空前的比较级more so可知,此处填介词than,表示“比……更”。故填than。 6.考查非谓语动词。句意:中国的研究者希望使用嫦娥四号上的设备来发现和研究南极艾特肯盆地。此处表示目的,应使用不定式作目的状语。故填to find。 7.考查时态和主谓一致。句意:“这真的使科学家们激动,”布朗大学的一位科学家Carle Pieters说:“因为它意味着我们有机会获得月球是如何构造的信息。”根据上文“This really excites scientists”可知,此处也使用一般现在时,主语是it,所以空处谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式means,故填means。 8.考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意同上。分析句子可知,此处是宾语从句谓语动词,谓语construct与主语the moon之间是被动关系,应使用被动语态,再由上下文可知此处应使用一般现在时,主语the moon是单数,故填is constructed。 9.考查形容词。句意:关于月亮构成的数据,比如它含有多少水和其他财富,可以帮助中国决定它未来月球基地的计划是否实用。ice是不可数名词,应使用much修饰,故填much。 10.考查代词。句意同上。根据空后的名词plans可知,此处应使用形容词性物主代词its,故填its。 2.为什么高考中中国高质量发展成就(尤其是科技)是重要的命题情境 引导学生增强国家认同和家国情怀,坚定文化自信是命题的重要思想。其具体的表现就是国家显著的发展成就,这是增强民族自豪感的具体体现,与此同时,也就增强了国家认同和文化自信。同时向世界展示我们国家发展的硬实力。 进阶·解题技巧 语法填空的基本技巧: 考点1 动词时态与语态 1.确定作谓语 分析句子结构,若句中无谓语动词,或者虽然已有谓语动词,但空处所填词与之是并列关系时,空处就用谓语动词。 若填谓语动词,就要考虑时态、语态和主谓一致 (1)根据语境、并列谓语、时间标志词等确定用哪种时态; (2)根据主语与谓语之间是主动关系还是被动关系以确定语态; (3)根据人称和数,确保主谓一致。 2确定时态 1.根据具体的时间状语:常见的时态的时间状语标志词 时态 时间状语 一般现在时 now, today, nowadays, every year, usually等 一般过去时 yesterday, last week, in 2021, the other day, two years ago, previously等 一般将来时 next year, in the future, soon, tomorrow等 现在进行时 now, at present, at this moment等 现在完成时 since+时间点,in/over the past... years, in recent years, for+时间段, so far等 过去完成时 by then, by the end of ..., when/before/after引导的从句等 2.根据具并列关系: 考查动词时态的题目有时可以根据句子或谓语动词之间的平行关系词“and, but, or, rather than, neither... nor..., not only... but also...”等前后的谓语动词的时态必须一致来确定时态。 3.根据常用句式定时态: (1)was/were doing... when...+一般过去时 (2)was/were about to do... when...+一般过去时 (3)it is the+序数词+time+that...+现在完成时 (4)it was the+序数词+time+that...+过去完成时 (5)No sooner had+主语+done... than+一般过去时 (6)Hardly/Scarcely had+主语+done... when+一般过去时 (7)It will be+时间段+before+一般现在时 4.根据语境暗示。没有标志性的时间状语,且其他参照物都不明显的情况下,通过正确理解语境暗示解题,也是解决时态问题尤其是易错题的重要方法。 2 动词的语态 确定语态 1.根据逻辑辨别主动或被动关系 (1)分析句子结构,发现提示词作谓语,若与主语之间是主动关系,应考虑用主动语态;若是被动关系则考虑用被动语态。 (2)被动语态的基本形式为:be+过去分词。 (3)运用上面的技法来判断是什么时态的被动语态,再根据主谓一致判断be动词的形式。 2.主动表被动 (1)当feel,look,smell,taste,sound等后面接形容词时; (2)当read,sell,wear,write,wash等作不及物动词表示主语内在“品质”或“性能”时; 3 主谓一致 确定“主谓一致” 项目 主语 谓语动词 语法 一致 不可数名词、单数可数名词、动名词(短语)、动词不定式、主语从句、the number of+复数可数名词 单数 复数可数名词,and连接的两个名词,a number of+复数可数名词 复数 (together) with, as well as, but, except, along with, rather than, in addition to, including等连接的主语 与前面主语一致   意义 一致 “the+形容词”表示抽象概念;强调整体的集合名词 单数 “the+形容词”表示一类人或物;强调个体的集合名词 复数 就近 一致 neither... nor..., either... or..., not only... but also..., not... but...等连接的主语;“here/there+谓语+主语”结构中的主语不止一个时 与邻近主语一致  考点2 非谓语动词 确定作非谓语 分析句子结构,所给提示词是动词时,若句中已有谓语动词,又无连词时,则考虑填非谓语动词。 1 非谓语动词作状语 1.识别标志 (1)挖空句有谓语动词,通常用逗号把状语与主干分隔开。 (2)我们需要认真分析句子结构,明确句子成分,先甄别出句子的主干,再确定用哪种形式作状语。 2.思维建模 (1)找句子主干:认真阅读挖空的句子,找出句子的主语、谓语(和宾语),从而正确理解句意。 (2)确定谓语动词和非谓语动词:分析所给的提示词与主语和谓语动词之间的关系。 (3)确定填哪种非谓语动词形式: ①主语与提示词是逻辑上的主谓关系:表目的,用to do; 表出乎意料的结果,用only to do; 表时间、条件、原因、让步、伴随、自然而然的结果,用doing。 ②主语与提示词是逻辑上的动宾关系:表动作还未发生,用to be done; 表动作已经发生,用done。 非谓语动词作定语 1.识别标志 (1)空格可在名词或代词之前,也可在名词或代词之后,对该名词或代词起修饰或限定作用。 (2)如果有逗号隔开,放在名词或代词之后,通常对该名词进行补充说明,其作用相当于一个非限制性定语从句。 2.方法指导 (1)如果名词中心词是该动作的发出者,通常用现在分词(短语)作定语。 (2)如果名词中心词是该动作的承受者,通常用过去分词(短语)作定语。 (3)如果表示未发生的动作,且名词中心词是该动作的承受者,通常用动词不定式作定语。 3 非谓语动词作表语 1.识别标志 非谓语动词作表语包括现在分词、过去分词和动词不定式三种。空格通常在系动词 be, become, get, seem, appear, look, turn等之后,描述主语的特点或状态。 2.方法指导 (1)主语是表示人的名词或代词,通常用过去分词作表语,表示主语的心情和感受。 (2)主语是表示事物的名词或代词,通常用现在分词作表语,表示事物的特点。 (3)动词不定式作表语通常表示未发生的动作。 非谓语动词作宾语 1.识别标志 动词不定式和动名词都可以充当宾语。牢记非谓语动词作宾语的固定结构: 【高频再现】 (1)介词(如by, for, of, with, without, after等)之后加动名词作宾语,注意to的身份识别。 (2)只能跟动名词作宾语的动词和短语:advise, admit, allow, avoid, appreciate, ban, delay, deny; be accustomed to, be devoted to, lead to, object to等。 (3)在下列动词之后,常接不定式作宾语:decide, demand, offer, hope, promise, agree, plan, manage, refuse, wish, pretend, learn, want等。 2.方法指导 (1)仔细观察挖空的句子。 (2)找出(句子的)谓语动词。 (3)确定填动名词还是动词不定式。 非谓语动词作主语 1.识别标志 主语是谓语陈述的对象,通常位于句首。动名词(doing)和动词不定式(to do)都可以充当主语。 2.方法指导 【高频再现】 (1)句中缺少主语,找到句子的谓语部分,确定应用doing还是to do作主语。 (2)表示抽象的、习惯性的或经常性的动作用doing,表具体某一次的动作用to do。 (3)掌握用动名词或不定式作主语的句型: ①It's +adj.(hard/difficult/easy/possible/kind等)(+for/of sb)+to do sth ②It's no use/no good/no fun/a pleasure/no pleasure/a waste of time doing sth ③It takes sb+some time/money+to do sth 6.非谓语动词作补足语 1.识别标志 动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词都可充当宾语补足语。 【高频再现】 (1)不定式作宾补:allow, ask, beg, command, encourage, expect, forbid, invite, persuade, tell等+sb to do sth。 (2)have sb/sth doing “让某人/某物一直做”; have sb/sth done “使某人/某物被……”。 (3)with复合结构 ①with+宾语+to do,表示动作还未发生; ②with+宾语+doing,表示主动、动作正在进行; ③with+宾语+done,表示被动、动作已完成。 2.方法指导 (1)动词不定式作宾语补足语,通常表示一个宾语发出的动作。在一些结构中必须用动词不定式作宾语补足语。 (2)现在分词作宾语补足语,宾语是动作的发出者,表示一个正在进行的、主动的动作。 (3)过去分词作宾语补足语,宾语是动作的承受者,表示一个完成的、被动的动作。 考点3词形转换 1 名词复数 名词单复数的形式比较复杂,注意掌握好以下的情况 (1)有些名词一般不用复数形式,但可用复数形式来表达不同的类别 fishes各种鱼;fruits各种水果;steels各种钢材 (2)有些名词的单复数形式表达不同的含义 snow雪, snows积雪; two people两个人,two peoples两个民族 (3)glass一词作 “玻璃”解时,为物质名词,不可数 The cup is made of glass. 作 “玻璃杯”解时,则为个体名词,可数;如I bought ten glasses this morning. 作 “眼镜”解时,须用复数形式glasses.如: a man with thick glasses (4)paper一词作“纸”解时,不可数 write on paper; 作“报纸”“文件”“考卷”解时,则可数,如: hand in your test papers (5)物质名词表示数量时,一般用表示数量的短语来表示。of之前的数量名词,要根据情况使用单数或复数形式 a cup of tea; four pieces of bread; a cake of soap (6)有些抽象名词的复数形式表示不同的含义 time(时间)→times( 时代,次,倍数) work(工作)→ works( 著作,工厂,工事) air(空气) →airs( 气派,架子,姿态 ) look(看)→looks(容貌) custom(习惯) →customs(海关) advice(劝告)→advices(消息) arm(手臂)→arms(军火) damage(损坏)→damages(赔偿金) glass(玻璃)→glasses(眼镜,玻璃杯) good(利益)→ goods(货物) compass(指南针)→compasses(圆规) manner(态度) →manners(礼貌,习俗) 2 动词变为名词 名词后缀 示例 -er/ -or announce→announcer广播员 conduct→conductor指挥;售票员 instruct→instructor 指导者,教师 design→designer设计师 -ment achieve→achievement成就 argue→argument辩论;论据 equip →equipment装备;设备 govern→government政府 -y recover→recovery恢复 discover→discovery发现 -ance/ -ence appear→appearance出现;外貌 perform→performance表演;表现 prefer→preference偏爱 refer→reference参考,查阅 -ure/ -ture fail→failure失败;倒闭 press→pressure压力 depart→departure离开;出发 mix→mixture混合(物) -ing hear→hearing听力,听觉 begin→beginning开始 build→building建筑 warn→warning 警告 -ion/ -tion/ -sion/ correct→correction改正 celebrate→celebration庆祝 conclude→conclusion结论;结束 discuss→discussion讨论;论述 decide→decision决定 admit→admission承认;准许加入 permit→permission允许,许可 invite→invitation邀请 explain→explanation解释 expect→expectation期望 3 动词变形容词 形容词后缀 示例 -able enjoy vt.享受→enjoyable adj.令人愉快的 suit vt.适合→suitable adj.合适的adjust vt.调节→adjustable adj. 可调整的 -ed frustrate vt.使沮丧→frustrated adj. 沮丧的annoy vt.使生气→annoyed adj. 恼怒的 -ing convince vt.说服,使信服→convincing adj.令人信服的 thrill vt.使兴奋 → thrilling adj.令人兴奋的 -ful forget vt.忘记→forgetful adj.健忘的 succeed vt.成功→successful adj. 成功的 -ive comprehend v. 理解→comprehensive adj. 综合性的 create v. 创造→creative adj. 有创造力的 -ant tolerate v.容忍→tolerant adj. 宽容的,容忍的 ignore v. 忽视→ignorant adj. 无知的,愚昧的 4提示词是名词的词形转换 1.名词考查转化为形容词或动词的后缀 后缀 示例 --y sun→sunny 有阳光的,晴朗的 guilt →guilty 内疚的 --ed balance→balanced平衡的 gift →gifted 有天赋的 --ful meaning→meaningful 有意义的 colour→colourful 五彩缤纷的 --able suit →suitable 合适的 change→changeable 易变的 --ous courage→courageous 勇敢的 mystery →mysterious 神秘的 --al addition→additional 附加的 globe→global 全球的 --ly friend→friendly 友好的 love→lovely 可爱的 --en wood→wooden 木制的 wool→woolen 羊毛的 --cal politics →political 政治的 ecology→ ecological 生态的 --ant significance →significant有意义的 ignorance→ ignorant 无知的 --cial commerce →commercial 商业的 finance →financial 金融的 -en deep→deepen 变深,加深 length→lengthen 延长 后缀 示例 --y sun→sunny 有阳光的,晴朗的 guilt →guilty 内疚的 --ed balance→balanced平衡的 gift →gifted 有天赋的 --ful meaning→meaningful 有意义的 colour→colourful 五彩缤纷的 --able suit →suitable 合适的 change→changeable 易变的 --ous courage→courageous 勇敢的 mystery →mysterious 神秘的 --al addition→additional 附加的 globe→global 全球的 --ly friend→friendly 友好的 love→lovely 可爱的 --en wood→wooden 木制的 wool→woolen 羊毛的 --cal politics →political 政治的 ecology→ ecological 生态的 --ant significance →significant有意义的 ignorance→ ignorant 无知的 --cial commerce →commercial 商业的 finance →financial 金融的 -en deep→deepen 变深,加深 length→lengthen 延长 2.名词转化为名词后缀 后缀 例词 -ian/ -ist/ music→ musician音乐家politics→ politician政治家 science→ scientist科学家piano→ pianist钢琴家 4. 形容词、副词的词性转化 1.形容词的词形转换 类别 例词 词尾加-y cloud→cloudy, luck→lucky, health→healthy, sleep→sleepy 词尾加-(e)d gift→gifted, talent→talented, advance→advanced, excite→excited 词尾加­ing surprise→surprising, convince→convincing, frighten→frightening 词尾加-ful/-less meaning→meaningful/meaningless, care→careful/careless, help→helpful/helpless, harm→harmful/harmless, home→homeless, colour→colourful/colourless, use→useful/useless, thank→thankful/thankless, peace→peaceful/peaceless 词尾加-able comfort→comfortable, knowledge→knowledgeable, accept→acceptable, respect→respectable 词尾加-ous danger→dangerous, courage→courageous, humour→humorous 词尾的-ce变为-t confidence→confident, difference→different 词尾加-al music→musical, person→personal, nation→national, education→educational, tradition→traditional 词尾加-ly friend→friendly, week→weekly, love→lovely 词尾加-en wood→wooden, wool→woolen 其他常见变化 energy→energetic, fool→foolish, pleasure→pleasant/pleased, science→scientific 以重读闭音节结尾的名词变成形容词时,要双写该辅音字母再加-y(如sun→sunny, fun→funny等),以e结尾的名词要去掉e再加-y(如noise→noisy, ice→icy, taste→tasty等) 动词词尾加­ive/­ative attract→attractive, talk→talkative, prevent→preventive, protect→protective 2.副词的词形转换规律总结 类别 例词 形容词+后缀-ly clear→clearly, great→greatly, loud→loudly, sudden→suddenly, sincere→sincerely 以辅音字母加-y结尾的形容词,把y变成i再加-ly happy→happily, heavy→heavily, angry→angrily, lucky→luckily, noisy→noisily*shy→shyly(y的发音为/aɪ/,直接加­ly) 词尾为­ble/­le的形容词,去掉e,再加-y terrible→terribly, possible→possibly, gentle→gently, probable→probably, comfortable→comfortably, responsible→responsibly, suitable→suitably (例外:whole→wholly) 词尾为-ue的形容词,去掉e再加-ly true→truly(高中阶段仅此一例) 词尾为-ll的形容词,直接加-y full→fully, dull→dully 词尾为-ic的形容词,加-ally basic→basically, scientific→scientifically, specific→specifically, automatic→automatically 6.形容词、副词比较等级 形容词、副词比较级和最高级的构成(+­er/­est)转换 以­e结尾 +­r/­st late—later—latest 以“辅音字母+y”结尾 变-y为i,+­er/­est early—earlier—earliest 以重读闭音节结尾(末尾只有一个辅音字母) 双写结尾字母+­er/est big—bigger—biggest 多音节和部分双音节结尾 前面加more/most beautiful—more beautiful—most beautiful 温馨提示:(1)有少数几个双音节形容词,既可以加­er和­est,又可以加more和most构成比较级和最高级。这些双音节词有:common, handsome, quiet, pleasant, cruel, stupid, friendly等。 (2)有些形容词没有程度可分或形容词本身就表示某种程度,因此没有比较级和最高级。这类形容词有:right (正确的), wrong (错误的), excellent (优秀的), possible (可能的), empty (空的), first (第一的), wooden (木制的), final (最后的), east (东方的), last (最后的), favourite (最喜欢的)等。 (3)不规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 good, well better best bad, badly, ill worse worst many, much more most little less least far farther(指时间或空间上“更远的”) farthest(指时间或空间上“最久的;最远的”) further(指空间距离“更远的”;在更大程度上) furthest(指空间距离“最远的”;在最大程度上) old older/elder oldest/eldest 考点4连词与从句引导词 填连词 如果个单词、短语、句子之间存在并列、转折、选择或因果关系,则考虑填入并列连词。如果设空处所填单词要引导从句,首先要看它引导哪种从句,然后根据引导词的种类和功能确定填哪个引导词。 1考查并列连词 空格前后的两个或几个内容在句中充当相同的成分或发挥相同的作用时,填并列连词。 ① 并列或顺承关系用and;转折关系用but;选择关系用or;因果关系用so (前因后果),for(前果后因);对比关系用while。 ② 还要注意连词的固定搭配:both … and … ;not only … but (also) … ; neither … nor … ; either … or … 等。 2考查引导状语从句的从属连词  若空格和空格后的内容能构成一个句子且该句子同时在另外一个句子中充当某个成分时,则空格填适当的从属连词来引导相应的从句。表示条件用if, unless;表示让步用although, though;表示原因用because, as, since;表示结果用so… that…,such … that …;表示时间用when, while, as, before, after;表示地点用where, wherever;表示目的用so that,in order that;表示方式用as, as if等。 3考查引导名词性从句的连词 引导名词性从句的连词that不充当句子成分又无任何意义,whether或if不充当句子成分,意思是“是否”。在介词后或者后面紧跟or not时,只能用whether,不能用if。 1)副词的判断 引导定语从句的关系副词when指代时间名词,在定语从句中作时间状语;where代指地点名词,在定语从句中作地点状语;why代指表示原因的名词,在定语从句中作原因状语。也会关注固定句型中的副词,如too… to … , so … that … 等。 2)助动词的判断 如果句子结构完整,设空处后面是动词原形,尤其是上下文不是现在时或主语是第三人称单数时,则很可能填表示强调、疑问或倒装的助动词。 语法填空题既考查考生的语言知识也考查考生的语言技能。答题时既要考虑上下文语境和设空所在句的句意,也要分析空格处要填的词在语句中的的句子成分,还要依据固定搭配解题,因为冠词、介词、连词、代词和副词的固定搭配都是高频考点。 考点4介词、冠词、代词 1.介词 语法填空题对介词的考查形式为纯空格,即无提示词,考点主要集中在介词的基本用法和含介词的固定搭配的用法上。要求考生正确理解句意,平时注意积累名词、形容词、动词与介词的固定搭配。 首先,分析句子结构: 名词或代词或what从句在句中不作主语、表语或动词的宾语时,其前面一般是填介词;空格放在名词前后时,应考虑名词与介词的搭配;空格放在不及物动词后名词前时,应考虑动词与介词的搭配;空格放在形容词后名词前时,应考虑形容词与介词的搭配。 无提示词填空对介词的考查两点: ① 介词的基本用法(如at、in、on表示时间,by、before、after、till/until表示时间,by、in、on、with表示“使用……工具、方式、手段”等), ② 固定搭配中的介词:介词与名词、介词与动词、介词与形容词或副词之间的固定搭配(如:by chance碰巧,on average平均,in vain徒劳;adapt to适应,account for说明……的原因,come across遇见,remind sb. of sth.提醒某人某事;be curious about对……好奇的,be popular with受……的欢迎,be proud of因……而自豪的,be rich in富含……的)。 介词常见用法(具体参考本专辑专题考点04) 时间介词 in(表示一天中某段时间,指天、年、月、季节、周次等),on(表示某一天或星期几,指明具体的时间),at(表示特定的时间、节日、年龄),by(…的时候、到、等到…已经等,用在天、时间的前面) 1.in 与after的用法区别:A.介词in+一段时间用于一般将来时。B.介词after+一段时间用于一般过去时。C.介词after+时间点常用于一般将来时。 2. for与since的用法区别:A.介词for表示一段时间。B.介词since表示从过去某一时间以来。 3. during与for的用法区别:A.当所指的时间起止分明时用介词during。B.如果一段时间不明确则用介词for。 4. before与by的用法区别:A.介词before表示“在…之前”。B.介词by表示“到…时为止,不迟于…”。 地点介词 in, at, on, to 1.at 与in 的用法区别:at表示较小的地方,如家、村、乡村等。in表示较大的地方,如大城市、国家、洲等。 2.at与on的用法区别:at用于门牌号。on用于路名。 3.in,on,to的用法区别:in表示“包含”,如:Beijing is in the north ofChina.on表示“紧邻”,如:Canada lies on the north of theU.S.to表示“没接触”,如:France lies to the south of England. 方式介词 with, in, by in,with,by的用法区别:in表示“用材料、语言”。如: Can you say it in English?with表示“用工具、某物”如: with a pen。by表示“用、以、靠、通过…方法”。如:He prefers traveling by car. 方位介词 at, in, on, to, beneath, over, under, above, below, in front of / in the front of / behind, between / among, over/across/through 1.in,on,at 的用法区别:in表示“排、行、组”。on表示“左、右”。at表示“前、后”。  2.on, over, above的用法区别:on表示一物放在另一物上面两者紧贴在一起。over表示一种垂直悬空的上下关系,即“在…上方”。介词above表示一般的“高于….”,“在…之上”。 3.under与below的用法区别:under是over的反义词即“在…下方”。below是above的反义词即“低于…” ,“在…之下”。 4. across, through, over, past的用法区别:across着重于“从—头或—边到另—头或另—边”,强调从表面穿过。through着重于“穿越” ,强调从一定的空间内穿过。over多表示从“上方越过”。past表示从“面前经过” 。 其他 1.当表示时间的词前有this, that时,其前面不用介词,如:this morning 2.当表示时间的词前有next时,其前面不用介词,如: next Sunday 3.当表示时间的词前有last时,其前面不用介词,如:last Sunday 4.当表示时间的词前有one, any, each, every, some或all时,其前面不用介词,如:You can come any day. 2.冠词 冠词是语法填空的高频考点,经常考查不定冠词a, an和定冠词the的基本用法和固定搭配。首先看空格后是否有名词,有单数可数名词,搭配后表示泛指时,应考虑不定冠词a/an;有名词,搭配后表示特指时,应考虑定冠词the;还要看是否是固定搭配。 种类 常见用法 不定冠词 (a / an) 1. 修饰可数名词单数,表示泛指。以元音音素开头的单词前需要用an,而以辅音音素开头的单词前用a。如:an apple, a banana, an umbrella。 2. 与序数词连用,表示再一,又一”。如:You can try it a second time if you fail. 3. 固定搭配。如:all of a sudden; as a matter of fact; as a result; as a rule; as a whole; at a distance; in a way。 定冠词 (the) 1. 表复指上文提到过的人或物。如:We have a cat and two dogs. The cat is black and the dogs are white. 2. 表特指说话双方都知道的人或物。如: Pass me the dictionary, please. 3. 用于比较级前,特指两个被比较的对象的一个。如:Of the two brothers, the younger is more interesting. 零冠词 1. 记忆口诀:下列情况应免冠,代词限定名词前,专有名词不可数,学科球类三餐饭,复数名词表泛指,两节星期月份前,颜色语种和国名,称呼习语及头衔。 2. 固定搭配。如:lose heart, by chance, in time, catch sight of, in place of。 特殊用法 1.抽象名词或物质名词具体化。如:a surprise 一件意外的事情;a pleasure一个令人快乐的事情。 2. 序数词前的冠词活用。如:Can you give me a second chance, please? 3.表示乐器的名词前的冠词活用。如:play the piano;play erhu。 3.代词及其它 无提示词语法填空对代词的考查主要集中在引导定语从句的关系代词、引导名词性从句的连接代词和it的用法。 1考查关系代词 先行词为人时,在定语从句中作主语的关系代词可用who或that,在定语从句中作宾语的关系代词可用whom/who/that(在介词后只能用whom),在定语从句中作定语的关系代词可用whose。 ② 先行词为物时,在定语从句中作主语或宾语的关系代词可用which或that(在介词后只能用which),在定语从句中作定语的关系代词可用whose。 ③ 还要知道引导定语从句的关系代词在下列场合只能用that:先行词既有人又有物、先行词是表示事物的不定代词或被某些不定代词修饰、表示事物的先行词被序数词或最高级修饰。 2考查连接代词 名词性从句不缺成分且意义完整时用that引导,名词性从句缺主语或宾语时,如果表示未知的事物,用what,已知的事物,表示“哪一个”用which;表示人时,作主语用who,作宾语用whom。 3考查 it 的固定搭配 关于代词it,主要考查以下用法: ① it代替上文提到的单数可数名词或不可数名词。 ② it用于强调句型中。 ③ it作形式主语或形式宾语。 ④ it用在固定结构中。常见的含有it的固定结构: I got it. 我明白了。 At last we made it. 我们终于成功了。 I can’t help it.  我没有办法。 Take it easy. 别着急。 Believe it or not. 信不信由你。 When it comes to... 当谈及……等 拔高·模拟演练 1.阅读下面材料,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。(2027届(豫陕冀晋青)五省名校联考高三适应性考试) Since February, Chinese AI models 1 (develop) by companies including DeepSeek and MiniMax have overtaken US competitors in token consumption, according to OpenRouter data. This remarkable change points to a deeper 2 (transform) in the global AI competition. Nvidia’ s chief executive Jensen Huang stated this month that the production and use of these digital units will continuously drive the healthy development of the world’s AI economy in the years 3 (come), providing a solid foundation for its growth. As developers 4 (charge) per token (词元), token consumption acts not only as a 5 (rely) measure for the popularity of different AI models 6 a competitive pricing battleground for top technology companies worldwide. With advanced AI agents built on open-source platforms 7 (consume) far more tokens than traditional chatbots, the ability to produce tokens at a low cost is becoming more valuable in international competition. This important edge is gradually giving China a new advantage 8 other countries, 9 will shape the long-term future of technological development worldwide. This rising strength will undoubtedly support Chinese AI companies to compete with global 10 (giant) and make continuous breakthroughs in the dynamic field of artificial intelligence. 【答案】 1.developed 2.transformation 3.to come 4.are charged 5.reliable 6.but 7.consuming 8.over 9.which 10.giants 【解析】文章介绍了中国的人工智能发展迅速,逐渐成为了中国与世界科技巨头竞争的新优势。 1.考查非谓语动词。句意:根据OpenRouter的数据,自2月以来,DeepSeek和MiniMax等公司开发的中国人工智能模型在词元消费方面已经超过了美国竞争对手。 models与 develop之间是被动关系,用过去分词 developed作后置定语。 2.考查名词。句意:这一显著变化表明,全球人工智能竞争正在发生更深层次的变革。空前的不定冠词a提示此处用单数名词transformation作宾语。 3.考查非谓语动词。句意:英伟达首席执行官黄仁勋本月表示,这些数字设备的生产和使用将在未来几年继续推动世界人工智能经济的健康发展,为其增长奠定坚实的基础。此处用不定式表将来,in the years to come在接下来的几年中。 4.考查时态语态。句意:由于开发人员按词元收费,词元消费不仅是衡量不同人工智能模型受欢迎程度的可靠指标,也是全球顶级科技公司的竞争性定价战场。developers与charge之间是被动关系,且陈述的是客观事实,用一般现在时的被动语态are charged。 5.考查形容词。句意同上。此处用形容词reliable作定语修饰名词measure 。 6.考查连词。句意同上。此处为固定搭配not only...but (also)...不仅……而且……。 7.考查非谓语动词。句意:随着建立在开源平台上的先进人工智能代理比传统聊天机器人消耗更多的词元,以低成本生产词元的能力在国际竞争中变得越来越有价值。宾语 advanced AI agents 和 consume 是主动关系,此处用现在分词consuming构成“with+名词+现在分词”的复合结构。 8.考查介词。句意:这一重要优势正逐渐赋予中国相对于其他国家的新优势,这将塑造全球技术发展的长期未来。此处为固定搭配advantage over,表示“优于”。 9.考查非限定性定语从句。此处用关系代词which引导非限定性定语从句,指代前文整个主句内容并在从句中作主语。 10.考查名词复数。句意:这种不断增强的实力无疑将支持中国人工智能公司与全球巨头竞争,并在充满活力的人工智能领域不断取得突破。此处用复数名词giants泛指多家巨头企业。 2.阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。(2027·云南省月考) In 2007, a tiny robot named i-Sobot “came to life” at a facility in Dongguan, Guangdong province. The remote-controlled robot, no larger than 1 palm, could perform about 240 movements, including walking and climbing, with remarkable accuracy. This first-generation machine was a microcosm (缩影) of China’s early exploration into intelligent robotics, 2 (plant) the seeds for a domestic smart equipment industry that would flourish over a span of nearly two decades. Fast forward to today, and the transformation is outstanding. Chinese robots 3 (evolve) from basic walking motions to autonomous thinking and collaborative decision-making. They are no longer restricted to research labs 4 have become concrete carriers of “new quality productive forces” — a concept driven by technological innovation, high 5 (efficient), and high-quality output. Inside a factory in Dongguan, a direct-drive bipedal (双足行走的) robot named “Xingtian” moves 6 (swift) through hazardous zones, performing transport, inspection, and exploration tasks 7 once required human workers. On assembly lines in Zhaoqing, Guangdong, robotic 8 (arm) operate in high-speed coordination, achieving millimeter-level precision that boosts manufacturing capacity while pushing factories toward full automation and unmanned operation. At a Southern Power Grid substation in Guangzhou, the provincial capital of Guangdong, a quadruped (四足的) robot “Feiyun” patrols 9 the clock, ensuring power supply safety while freeing human workers from 10 (repeat), high-risk tasks. Contrary to popular belief, these robots are not replacing humans — they are revolutionizing work patterns. 【答案】 1.a 2.planting 3.have evolved 4.but 5.efficiency 6.swiftly 7.that/which 8.arms 9.around 10.repetitive 【解析】本文以i-Sobot微型机器人为切入点,回顾了中国智能机器人产业从早期探索到蓬勃发展的历程,并介绍了新一代机器人在工厂巡检、电力保障等场景中的实际应用,展现了中国机器人从简单动作到自主思考的跨越式进步。 1.考查冠词。句意:这个遥控机器人,不超过一个手掌大小,能执行大约240种动作,包括行走和攀爬,具有惊人的准确性。空处修饰可数名词单数palm,表示“一个手掌”,应用不定冠词,且palm为辅音音素开头的单词,应用a。 2.考查非谓语动词。句意:这个第一代机器是中国早期探索智能机器人技术的一个缩影,为国内智能装备产业播下了种子,该产业在近二十年的时间里蓬勃发展。空处应用非谓语动词形式,plant与逻辑主语This first-generation machine之间为主动关系,且动作与谓语动作同时发生,应用现在分词planting作伴随状语。 3.考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:中国机器人已经从基本的行走动作发展到自主思考和协作决策。结合语意可知,此处表示过去发生的动作持续到现在,应用现在完成时;主语Chinese robots为复数,助动词用have。 4.考查连词。句意:它们不再局限于研究实验室,而是成为“新质生产力”的具体载体——这一概念由技术创新、高效率和高品质产出驱动。根据no longer restricted to research labs可知,此处为no longer...but...固定结构,表示“不再……而是……”。 5.考查名词。句意同上。空处位于形容词high之后,应用名词形式;所给词efficient的名词形式为efficiency,意为“效率”,为不可数名词。 6.考查副词。句意:在东莞的一家工厂里,一个名为“星天”的直驱两足机器人在危险区域快速移动,执行曾经需要人类工人的运输、检查和探索任务。空处修饰动词moves,应用副词形式swiftly,意为“快速地”,作状语。 7.考查定语从句。句意同上。空处引导限制性定语从句,修饰先行词tasks,先行词指物,且在从句中作主语,应用关系代词that或which引导。 8.考查名词复数。句意:在广东肇庆的装配线上,机器人手臂以高速协调的方式运行,实现了毫米级的精度,提高了制造能力,同时推动工厂走向全自动化和无人化操作。arm为可数名词,此处表示多个机械臂,应用复数形式arms;robotic arms意为“机械臂”。 9.考查介词。句意:在广东省省会广州的南方电网变电站,四足机器人“飞云”全天候巡逻,确保供电安全,同时使人类工人免于重复的高风险任务。around the clock为固定短语,意为“全天候,昼夜不停地”。 10.考查形容词。句意同上。空处修饰tasks,应用形容词形式repetitive,意为“重复的”,作定语。 3.阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。(2026·河北沧州市部分高中高三第一次模拟) The world’s first solar magnetic field (磁场) telescope working in the mid-infrared wavelength (中红外波段) has passed its final acceptance review, according to the National Astronomical Observatories of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (NAOC). The telescope, 1 (know) as the Accurate Infrared Magnetic Field Measurements of the Sun (AIMS), provides a crucial benchmark for building future large-scale astronomical 2 (facility) at high-altitude sites, said Deng Yuanyong, a researcher at the NAOC. The solar magnetic field acts as the “master switch” 3 powers the eruptions such as solar flares (太阳耀斑). Measuring it with high precision is therefore central to 4 (predict) space weather and safeguarding technological systems. “Intense solar magnetic activity can directly affect communication, navigation 5 power supply on Earth, while current measurements, which are carried out almost exclusively in the visible wavelengths, remain imperfect in precision,” Deng explained. “This has become a major bottleneck in improving 6 understanding of solar activity.” The AIMS is in Qinghai Province, at an average altitude of about 4,000 meters. Despite thin air and a special environment, such a site 7 (offer) near-perfect conditions for viewing the sun at mid-infrared wavelengths. The telescope has turned solar magnetic-field measurement from indirect 8 (infer) into direct detection, remarkably boosting its precision. The AIMS is expected 9 (deliver) data that will enhance solar physics research in China and 10 (sharp) the country’s capabilities in solar activity monitoring and space-weather predicting. 【答案】 1.known 2.facilities 3.that/which 4.predicting 5.and 6.the 7.offers 8.inference 9.to deliver 10.sharpen 【解析】本文介绍了世界首台中红外波段太阳磁场望远镜AIMS的验收成果、观测优势以及其对我国太阳物理研究和空间天气监测的重要意义。 1.考查非谓语动词。句意:NAOC的研究员邓元勇表示,这台被称为太阳红外磁场精密测量装置(AIMS)的望远镜,为今后在高海拔台站建设大型天文设备提供了重要参照。逻辑主语The telescope与动词know为被动关系,此处用过去分词known作后置定语。 2.考查名词复数。句意同上。facility为可数名词,此处泛指各类天文设施,无单数限定词,需用复数形式facilities,作宾语。 3.考查定语从句。句意:太阳磁场是驱动太阳耀斑等太阳活动爆发的“总开关”。空格引导定语从句,先行词为the “master switch”,指物,从句缺少主语,可用关系代词that或which。 4.考查非谓语动词。句意:因此,高精度测量太阳磁场对于预报空间天气、保障各类技术系统安全至关重要。固定结构be central to中to为介词,后接动名词形式,故填predicting。 5.考查并列连词。句意:邓解释说:“剧烈的太阳磁场活动会直接影响地球上的通信、导航以及电力供应,而几乎只在可见光波长下进行的电流测量在精度上仍然不完美。”communication、navigation与power supply为并列的名词(短语),用并列连词and连接。 6.考查定冠词用法。句意:这已成为提升人类对太阳活动认知的一大瓶颈。空后understanding被后置定语of solar activity限定,表特指概念,需加定冠词the。 7.考查时态和主谓一致。句意:尽管这里空气稀薄、环境特殊,但该观测点能提供近乎完美的中红外波段太阳观测条件。句子陈述客观事实,用一般现在时;主语such a site为单数,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式offers。 8.考查名词。句意:该望远镜将太阳磁场测量从间接推断转变为直接探测,大幅提升了测量精度。形容词indirect后需接名词作介词from的宾语,动词infer的名词形式为inference,意为“推断、推论”。 9.考查非谓语动词。句意:AIMS有望输出观测数据,助力提升中国太阳物理研究水平,增强我国太阳活动监测和空间天气预报能力。固定搭配be expected to do sth.意为“有望做某事、被期待做某事”。 10.考查动词。句意同上。and连接并列谓语,与情态动词will后的动词enhance并列,需填动词原形;形容词sharp的动词形式为sharpen,意为“增强、提升”。 4.阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。(2026·福建名校联盟考前适应性考试) China has announced its latest nuclear fusion (核聚变) energy initiative, marking a new phase in its efforts 1 (advance) clean energy. The Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) 2 (official) introduced the Burning Plasma Experimental Superconducting Tokamak (BEST) program in Hefei. Tokamaks are often called “artificial suns” because they copy the reaction that 3 (power) the sun. Fusion energy has long been called the “ultimate energy source” for its potential to provide clean power on a massive scale. However, it is still far from 4 (practice), as current reactors usually consume more energy than they generate. The BEST project, 5 (schedule) for completion by 2027, aims to overcome this challenge by achieving “burning plasma,” a state 6 the reaction sustains itself through its own heat. Once construction is finished, the facility will conduct experiments 7 (involve) plasma made from deuterium and tritium, two hydrogen isotopes (氢同位素). If the project can generate more energy than it consumes, it will demonstrate the practicability of fusion power. Lead researcher Song Yuntao described the project 8 “an exploration into unknown territory”. BEST represents the next stage in China’s long-term nuclear research, following the success of the EAST reactor, which has operated since 2006 9 has achieved several important results. Since 2018, China has increased 10 (invest) in major scientific projects, including space exploration and quantum (量子) technology, with BEST now a key part of this broader effort. 【答案】 1.to advance 2.officially 3.powers 4.practical 5.scheduled 6.where 7.involving 8.as 9.and 10.investment 【解析】文章主要介绍了中国合肥BEST核聚变能源项目,旨在攻克技术难题以实现清洁能源突破。 1.考查非谓语动词。句意:中国宣布了其最新的核聚变能源计划,标志着其在推进清洁能源方面努力的一个新阶段。空处应用不定式作后置定语修饰抽象名词efforts,固定搭配efforts to do sth.​ 意为“做某事的努力”,填入advance“发展,推进”的动词不定式形式。 2.考查副词。句意:中国科学院在合肥正式启动了燃烧等离子体实验超导托卡马克(BEST)计划。空处需用副词修饰动词introduced作状语,故填 officially“正式地”。 3.考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:托卡马克常被称为“人造太阳”,因为它们模拟了为太阳提供能量的反应。that引导定语从句,从句陈述客观事实,应用一般现在时,that指代的先行词the reaction为单数,谓语动词power“为……提供能量”用第三人称单数形式powers。 4.考查形容词。句意:然而,它还远未实用,因为目前的反应堆消耗的能源通常多于产生的能源。空处需填形容词作表语,practice的形容词为practical,表示“实用的”。 5.考查非谓语动词。句意:计划于2027年完工的BEST项目,旨在通过实现“燃烧等离子体”来克服这一挑战。动词schedule“计划”与其逻辑主语The BEST project之间构成被动关系,应用过去分词scheduled作后置定语。 6.考查定语从句。句意:这是一种反应依靠自身热量维持的状态。空处引导限制性定语从句,先行词为a state,在从句中作地点状语,故用关系副词where引导该从句。 7.考查非谓语动词。句意:一旦建设完成,该设施将进行涉及氘和氚(两种氢同位素)等离子体的实验。动词involve“涉及,包含”与其逻辑主语experiments之间构成主动关系,应用现在分词involving作后置定语。 8.考查介词。​句意:首席研究员宋云涛将该项目描述为“对未知领域的探索”。此处为固定搭配 describe... as...,意为“把……描述为……”。 9.考查连词。句意:BEST是中国长期核研究的下一阶段,紧随EAST反应堆的成功之后,该反应堆自2006年开始运行,并已取得多项重要成果。“has operated”与“has achieved”为并列关系,应用并列连词and连接。 10.考查名词。句意:自2018年以来,中国加大了对重大科学项目的投资,包括太空探索和量子技术,BEST现在是这一更广泛努力的关键部分。根据空前“increased”可知,空处需填名词investment作宾语,表示“投资”。 5.阅读下面材料,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。(2026·安徽蚌埠市适应性考试) A novel experiment on the fundamental science of lithium-ion batteries has been carried out aboard China’s Tiangong space station, according to the Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences on Wednesday. This experiment, conducted by the three astronauts 1 (comprise) the Shenzhou-21 crew, aimed to uncover the mechanisms behind battery 2 (perform) by using the unique conditions of space. Lithium-ion batteries are essential for modern space 3 (mission) due to their high energy density (密度) and reliability. However, a thorough understanding of their internal behavior — particularly 4 chemicals distribute within the electrolyte (电解质), which critically impacts power output and lifespan — has been challenging to achieve under conditions on Earth, the institute explained. “The fundamental challenge on the ground 5 (lie) in gravity,” said the institute. “Gravity is 6 (constant) mixed with electric fields, making it difficult to separate the influence of gravity 7 internal battery processes.” In contrast, the microgravity environment of the space station offers an ideal setting 8 (observe) these processes without the influence of gravity. “Insights gained from this microgravity research 9 (expect) to overcome current limitations in understanding the interplay between gravitational and electric fields.” said the institute. These findings will help improve existing battery systems in orbit and support the design of 10 new generation of safer, higher-energy-density batteries for future space exploration, it added. 【答案】 1.comprising 2.performance 3.missions 4.how 5.lies 6.constantly 7.on 8.to observe 9.are expected 10.a 【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了中国天宫空间站进行了一项关于锂离子电池基础科学的新颖实验及其意义。 1.考查非谓语动词。句意:这项实验由神舟21号机组的三名宇航员进行,旨在利用太空的独特条件揭示电池性能背后的机制。本空用非谓语动词,作后置定语,the three astronauts与comprise“组成”为主动关系,用现在分词。故填comprising。 2.考查名词。句意:这项实验由神舟21号机组的三名宇航员进行,旨在利用太空的独特条件揭示电池性能背后的机制。本空作介词behind的宾语,用perform的名词performance“性能”。故填performance。 3.考查名词复数。句意:锂离子电池由于其高能量密度和可靠性,对于现代太空任务至关重要。mission“任务”,此处指不止一个任务,用名词复数形式。故填missions。 4.考查宾语从句。句意:然而,该研究所解释说,在地球条件下,要彻底了解它们的内部行为——特别是电解质中化学物质的分布方式,这对功率输出和寿命有至关重要的影响——一直是一个挑战。本空引导宾语从句,从句缺少方式状语,用连接副词how引导。故填how。 5.考查时态和主谓一致。句意:“地面上的根本挑战在于重力,”该研究所表示。本句描述客观事实,用一般现在时,主语challenge为第三人称单数,谓语用单数形式lies。故填lies。 6.考查副词。句意:重力不断与电场混合,使得很难将重力的影响与电池内部过程分开。本空修饰动词mixed,用副词constantly“不断地”,作状语。故填constantly。 7.考查介词。句意:重力总是与电场交织在一起,这使得很难将重力的影响与电池内部反应过程区分开来。固定短语搭配influence on sth.“对…… 的影响”。故填on。 8.考查非谓语动词。句意:相比之下,空间站的微重力环境为观察这些过程提供了一个理想的环境,不受重力的影响。a setting to do sth.表示“开展……的理想环境”,本空用动词不定式to observe,作后置定语。故填to observe。 9.考查动词语态与主谓一致。句意:这项微重力研究所得的见解有望突破现有认知局限。本句陈述客观事实,用一般现在时,主语 Insights与expect“预料,期待”为被动关系,用一般现在时的被动语态,主语为复数,be动词用are。故填are expected。 10.考查冠词。句意:这些发现将有助于改进轨道上现有的电池系统,并支持设计新一代更安全、更高能量密度的电池,用于未来的太空探索。此处表示泛指“新一代”,用不定冠词,new为辅音音素开头,用冠词a。故填a。 6.阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。(2026·安徽省江南十校综合素质检测) China’s technological breakthroughs, accelerating rapidly in the past decade, have reshaped the landscapes of global 1 (innovate). The successful launch of the Chang’e-6 lunar probe in 2024, which collected samples from the moon’s far side, 2 (demonstrate) extraordinary space exploration capabilities of China already. Quantum (量子) computing represents another frontier 3 China leads. The Jiuzhang 3.0 prototype (原型), 4 (develop) by Chinese scientists, solved complex problems in seconds that would take supercomputers years. Such progress arises 5 sufficient investment in basic research, with national research spending rising by 10% annually since 2020. In green technology, 6 China dominates are solar panel production and wind turbine installation (涡轮机装置). By 2026, 7 (renew) energy will account for 37% of its total electricity consumption, significantly reducing carbon emissions. This commitment is reflected in the nation’s promise 8 (achieve) carbon neutrality (碳中和) by 2060. Artificial intelligence also thrives here. Shenzhen-based Huawei’s Ascend chips power AI systems are widely used in smart cities, 9 (make) urban management more efficient. International partnerships, like the China-Europe joint Mars mission, 10 (far) prove that technological advancement knows no boundaries. 【答案】 1.innovation 2.has demonstrated 3.where 4.developed 5.from 6.what 7.renewable 8.to achieve 9.making 10.further 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中国过去十年在太空探索、量子计算、绿色技术及人工智能等多个科技领域的突破性进展及其全球影响。 1.考查名词。句意:中国在过去十年中迅速加速的技术突破,重塑了全球创新的格局。global为形容词,修饰名词,所以空处应用名词innovation,表示“创新”,作of的宾语。故填innovation。 2.考查时态。句意:2024年,嫦娥六号月球探测器成功发射,从月球背面采集样本,这已经展示了中国非凡的太空探索能力。根据already可知,句子应用现在完成时,主语是the successful launch of the Chang’e-6 lunar probe,是单数,所以助动词应用has,demonstrate的过去分词是demonstrated。故填has demonstrated。 3.考查定语从句。句意:量子计算是另一个中国领先的前沿领域。空处引导定语从句,修饰先行词another frontier,关系词在从句中作地点状语,所以应用关系副词where引导该从句。故填where。 4.考查非谓语动词。句意:由中国科学家开发的九章3.0原型机在几秒钟内解决了超级计算机需要数年才能解决的复杂问题。空处作非谓语动词,develop与其逻辑主语The Jiuzhang 3.0 prototype之间是被动关系,所以应用过去分词developed作后置定语。故填developed。 5.考查介词。句意:这样的进步源于对基础研究的充足投资,自2020年以来,国家研究支出每年增长10%。根据arises和sufficient investment in basic research可知,此处表示源于,应用介词from,arise from为固定短语,意为“源自;由……造成”。故填from。 6.考查主语从句。句意:中国主导的绿色技术是太阳能电池板生产和风力涡轮机安装。空处引导主语从句,从句中缺少dominates的宾语,表示“……的东西”,所以应用连接代词what引导该从句。故填what。 7.考查形容词。句意:到2026年,可再生能源将占其总电力消耗的37%,显著减少碳排放。空处修饰名词energy,应用形容词renewable,表示“可再生的”,作定语。故填renewable。 8.考查非谓语动词。句意:这一承诺体现在中国承诺到2060年实现碳中和。空处作非谓语动词,抽象名词promise后接不定式作后置定语,the nation’s promise to do sth.意为“承诺做某事”,所以空处使用动词不定式形式。故填to achieve。 9.考查非谓语动词。句意:总部位于深圳的华为的昇腾芯片所驱动的人工智能系统在智慧城市中得到了广泛应用,使城市管理更加高效。空处作非谓语动词,make与其逻辑主语AI systems之间是主动关系,所以应用现在分词making作结果状语,表示自然而然的结果。故填making。 10.考查副词比较级。句意:像中欧联合火星任务这样的国际合作进一步证明,技术进步是没有界限的。此处修饰动词prove,故用far的比较级形式further,意为“进一步”,further prove意为“进一步证明”。故填further。 7.阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。(2026·河北雄安新区部分学校开学考试) Chinese scientists have introduced the world’s first AI-powered breeding (育种) robot with a 1 (combine) of two technologies: artificial intelligence (AI) and biotechnology. It can move 2 (autonomous) and carry out cross-pollination (异花授粉) , 3 (promise) low breeding costs, short breeding cycles, and great breeding efficiency. “AI and robots offer vast 4 (opportunity) in shifting hybrid breeding toward precision agriculture to enhance crop yields, reduce costs 5 promote sustainable practices. Our new study initiated an intelligent breeding model of integrated biotechnology, AI and robot labor — marking China’s 6 (success) pioneering efforts in the construction of a closed-loop (闭环) technology system for intelligent robotized hybrid breeding. It also shows the application prospects of ‘AI for science’ in the sector of biological breeding,” said Xu Cao, 7 expert from the Institute of Genetics and Development Biology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. It was he that 8 (lead) the research team which built the robot. With biotechnology as its foundation, AI as empowerment, and robotic as operator, this study could help China take the lead 9 the race to create breeding robot with a closed-loop technology system 10 is fully autonomous and intelligent. 【答案】 1.combination 2.autonomously 3.promising 4.opportunities 5.and 6.successful 7.an 8.led 9.in 10.that/which 【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了中国科学家研发的全球首款 AI 育种机器人。该机器人融合人工智能与生物技术,可自主完成异花授粉,具有低成本、高效率等优势,标志着中国在智能精准农业领域取得领先。 1.考查名词。句意:中国科学家推出了世界上首个人工智能育种机器人,该机器人结合了人工智能和生物技术两项技术。空处用于不定冠词a之后,应用名词combination,表示“结合”,作介词with的宾语。故填combination。 2.考查副词。句意:它可以自主移动并进行异花授粉,有望降低育种成本,缩短育种周期,提高育种效率。空处修饰动词move,应用副词autonomously,表示“自主地”,作状语。故填autonomously。 3.考查非谓语动词。句意同上。空处需用非谓语动词作状语,此处表示自然而然的结果,所以空处需用现在分词promising作状语。故填promising。 4.考查名词。句意:人工智能和机器人为杂交育种向精准农业转变提供了广阔的机会,以提高作物产量,降低成本,促进可持续实践。opportunity表示“机会”,是可数名词,由vast可知,空处名词需用复数形式opportunities。故填opportunities。 5.考查连词。句意同上。根据空前“reduce costs”和空后“promote sustainable practices”可知,此处前后表示并列关系,需用并列连词and。故填and。 6.考查形容词。句意:我们的新研究开创了一种集生物技术、人工智能和机器人劳动于一体的智能育种模式,标志着中国在构建智能机器人杂交育种闭环技术体系方面取得了成功的开创性努力。空处修饰名词efforts,应用形容词successful,表示“成功的”,作定语。故填successful。 7.考查冠词。句意:“这也展示了“AI 赋能科学”在生物育种领域的应用前景,”中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所的专家许操说。此处表示泛指一位专家,且expert以元音音素开头,所以空处需用不定冠词an。故填an。 8.考查时态。句意:正是他领导了建造机器人的研究小组。根据句中was和built可知,此处描述的是过去发生的事情,需用一般过去时,动词使用过去式。故填led。 9.考查介词。句意:这项研究以生物技术为基础,以人工智能为赋能,以机器人为操作者,这项研究可以帮助中国在创造具有完全自主和智能闭环技术系统的育种机器人的竞赛中处于领先地位。take the lead in...表示“在……中领先”,固定搭配。故填in。 10.考查定语从句。句意同上。空处引导限制性定语从句,先行词是system,指物,关系词在定语从句中作主语,所以空处需用关系代词that/which引导定语从句。故填that/which。 8.阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。(2026·广东省汕头市教学质量监测) The world’s first solar magnetic-field (磁场) telescope operating in the mid-infrared wavelength (中红外波长) range has 1 (official) become operational after gaining government 2 (approve), marking a major breakthrough in solar magnetic field research. The telescope, known as the Accurate Infrared Magnetic Field Measurements of the Sun, or AIMS, is located in Lenghu township, Qinghai province, 3 an average altitude of about 4,000 meters. AIMS’ development addresses a long-standing bottleneck in the century-old history of solar magnetic field measurements by achieving 4 leap from indirect to direct measurement. The telescope reduces the impact of high environmental background noise in the mid-infrared wavelength range. 5 (combine) with cooling technologies, this design improves the precision of magnetic field measurements. In addition, the team has invented a new way 6 (adjust) polarized light (偏振光) and built a mirror-only instrument, 7 prevents unwanted polarization effects from affecting their results. The telescope 8 (expect) to operate year round. Weather 9 (permit), it will have an anticipated 250 days of observation annually. The data collected will support fundamental research in solar physics and advance studies in space weather forecast. And the researchers further plan to collaborate with some leading international teams to maximize its 10   (science) impact. 【答案】 1.officially 2.approval 3.at 4.a 5.Combined 6.to adjust 7.which 8.is expected 9.permitting 10.scientific 【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了世界上第一台在中红外波长范围内运行的太阳磁场望远镜正式投入使用及其意义。 1.考查副词。句意:世界上第一台在中红外波长范围内运行的太阳磁场望远镜在获得政府批准后正式投入使用,标志着太阳磁场研究取得了重大突破。本空修饰动词become,作状语,用副词officially“正式地”。故填officially。 2.考查名词。句意:世界上第一台在中红外波长范围内运行的太阳磁场望远镜在获得政府批准后正式投入使用,标志着太阳磁场研究取得了重大突破。本空作gain的宾语,用名词approval“批准”。故填approval。 3.考查介词。句意:这台名为“太阳精确红外磁场测量仪”(AIMS)的望远镜位于青海省冷湖镇,平均海拔约4000米。表示“在……海拔高度”,用固定搭配at an altitude of。故填at。 4.考查冠词。句意:AIMS的开发通过实现从间接测量到直接测量的一个飞跃,解决了太阳磁场测量百年历史中长期存在的瓶颈问题。表泛指“一个飞跃”,且leap以辅音音素开头,用不定冠词a。故填a。 5.考查非谓语动词。句意:结合冷却技术,这种设计提高了磁场测量的精度。本句谓语为improves,此处为非谓语动词,逻辑主语this design和动词combine“使结合”之间是被动关系,本空用过去分词combined,作状语。故填Combined。 6.考查非谓语动词。句意:此外,研究小组还发明了一种调整偏振光的新方法,并制造了一种仅使用镜子的仪器,防止不需要的偏振效应影响结果。a way to do sth.“做某事的方法”,需要用动词adjust“调整”的不定式作后置定语,故填to adjust。 7.考查定语从句。句意:此外,研究小组还发明了一种调整偏振光的新方法,并制造了一种仅使用镜子的仪器,防止不需要的偏振效应影响结果。本空引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是instrument,关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语,指物,用关系代词which。故填which。 8.考查动词语态和主谓一致。句意:预计这台望远镜将全年运行。本句描述一般事实,时态用一般现在时,主语The telescope和expect“期望,预计”之间是被动关系,用一般现在时的被动语态,主语是第三人称单数,be动词用is。故填is expected。 9.考查非谓语动词。句意:如果天气允许,预计每年将有250天的观测时间。本句谓语为will have,此处为非谓语动词,Weather和动词permit之间是主动关系,用现在分词形式,与Weather构成独立主格结构。故填permitting。 10.考查形容词。句意:研究人员还计划与一些国际顶尖团队合作,以最大限度地发挥其科学影响。本空修饰名词impact,用形容词scientific“科学的”,作定语。故填scientific。 9.阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。(2027·福建省福州第一中学月考) Named after a mythical dragon, Jiaolong is China’s first 1 (man) deep-sea research submersible. It was developed by Chinese designers starting from 2002 and 2 (enter) service in 2010, making China the fifth country in the world 3 deep-sea exploration technology. In 2017, during a 138-day expedition 4 started in February, the submersible’s mother ship, Xiangyanghong 09 sailed nearly 34,000 km into the South China Sea, the northwestern Indian Ocean, and the northwestern Pacific Ocean. The submersible made five 5 (dive) in the Mariana Trench and the Yap Trench, both in the western Pacific Ocean. These operations have enabled scientists to better understand geographical and 6 (biology) conditions deep under the oceans, providing a valuable 7 (explain) about oceanic ecosystems. Jiaolong underwent maintenance before 8 (start) its next adventure. In 2020, Jiaolong began its first global deep-sea scientific exploration mission. It had 9 new mother ship, which was named Deep Sea No.1. This grand mission was intended 10 (strengthen)China’s capacity in surveying deep-sea environments and increased the nation’s global influence in this field. 【答案】 1.manned 2.entered 3.with 4.that/which 5.dives 6.biological 7.explanation 8.starting 9.a 10.to strengthen 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中国首台载人深海研究潜水器“蛟龙号”,包括其研发背景、使用情况、取得的成果以及后续的发展计划等。 1.考查形容词。句意:“蛟龙号”以神话中的龙命名,是中国首台载人深海研究潜水器。此处修饰名词短语deep-sea research submersible,需用复合形容词manned作定语,表示“载人的,有人驾驶的”,故填manned。 2.考查时态。句意:它由中国设计师从2002年开始研发,并于2010年投入使用,使中国成为世界上第五个拥有深海探测技术的国家。此处为句子谓语,根据时间状语in 2010可知,句子描述的是过去发生的事情,应用一般过去时,故填entered。 3.考查介词。句意:它由中国设计师从2002年开始研发,并于2010年投入使用,使中国成为世界上第五个拥有深海探测技术的国家。根据句意可知,此处表示“拥有”,应用介词with,故填with。 4.考查定语从句。句意:2017年,在一场从2月开始、为期138天的探险中,“蛟龙号”的母船“向阳红09号”航行了近3.4万公里,途经南海、印度洋西北部和太平洋西北部。此处为关系词引导的定语从句,修饰先行词expedition,指物,关系词在从句中作主语,所以应用关系代词that或which引导该定语从句,故填that/which。 5.考查名词。句意:潜水器在位于西太平洋的马里亚纳海沟和雅浦海沟进行了五次下潜。此处应用名词dive作宾语,表示“下潜”,为可数名词,由five可知,应用复数形式,故填dives。 6.考查形容词。句意:这些行动使科学家们能够更好地了解海洋深处的地理和生物条件,为海洋生态系统提供了有价值的解释。此处修饰名词conditions,应用形容词biological作定语,表示“生物的”,故填biological。 7.考查名词。句意:这些行动使科学家们能够更好地了解海洋深处的地理和生物条件,为海洋生态系统提供了有价值的解释。此处应用名词explanation作宾语,表示“解释”,由不定冠词a可知,应用单数形式,故填explanation。 8.考查非谓语动词。句意:“蛟龙号”在开始下一次冒险之前进行了维护保养。此处before为介词,后接动名词作宾语,故填starting。 9.考查冠词。句意:它有了一艘新的母船,名为“深海一号”。mother ship为可数名词单数,此处泛指 “一艘新的母船”,且new是以辅音音素开头,所以应用不定冠词a修饰,故填a。 10.考查非谓语动词。句意:这项宏伟的任务旨在加强中国在深海环境调查方面的能力,并提高中国在这一领域的全球影响力。be intended to do sth.为固定搭配,表示“旨在做某事”,所以此处应用动词不定式作目的状语,故填to strengthen。 10.阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或用括号内单词的正确形式。 China’s Shenzhou-21 space rocket lifted off on Friday atop a Long March-2F rocket from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Centre in northwest China, Chinese state media reported. It was the 1 (seven) mission to the permanently inhabited Chinese space station since it was completed in 2022. 2 (mission) on China’s Shenzhou-21 spacecraft involve trios of astronauts on six-month stays in space, with veteran astronauts 3 (increasing) replaced by younger faces. First - timers Zhang Hongzhang, 39, and Wu Fei, 32, China’s 4 (young) astronaut to be sent to space 5 (pick) to participate in the program in 2020. Commander Zhang Lu, 48, flew on the 2022 Shenzhou-15 mission. The Shenzhou-21 astronauts will take over from the Shenzhou-20 crew who had lived and worked on board Tiangong, 6 “Heavenly Palace,” for more than six months. The Shenzhou-20 astronauts will return to Earth in the 7 (come) days. The Shenzhou-21 crew were also joined by four black mice, the first small mammals 8 (take) to the Chinese space station. The mice will be used in experiments on reproduction in low Earth orbit. Biannual launches have become the norm for the Shenzhou program, 9 has in the past year reached new milestones with the deployment of Chinese astronauts born in the 1990s, a world-record spacewalk, and plans to train and send the first foreign astronaut, from Pakistan, 10 Tiangong next year. 【答案】 1.seventh 2.Missions 3.increasingly 4.youngest 5.were picked 6.or 7.coming 8.to be taken 9.which 10.to 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍神舟二十一号载人飞船发射任务、乘组构成,及搭载实验小鼠、项目新里程碑等相关情况。 1.考查数词。句意:这是自2022年中国永久性载人空间站建成以来的第七次载人任务。此处表示“第七次”,用seven的序数词形式seventh,修饰名词mission。故填seventh。 2.考查名词复数。句意:中国神舟二十一号飞船的任务包括三名航天员在太空驻留六个月,资深航天员正逐渐被年轻面孔取代。此处为句子主语,根据谓语动词involve可知主语为复数,用mission的复数形式missions,句首单词首字母大写。故填Missions。 3.考查副词。句意:中国神舟二十一号飞船的任务包括三名航天员在太空驻留六个月,资深航天员正逐渐被年轻面孔取代。此处修饰动词replaced,用increasing的副词形式increasingly。故填increasingly。 4.考查形容词最高级。句意:首次执行任务的39岁航天员张洪章和32岁航天员武飞是中国最年轻的航天员,二人于2020年入选该项目。此处表示“最年轻的”,且前面有China’s限定,用young的最高级形式youngest。故填youngest。 5.考查动词语态和时态。句意:首次执行任务的39岁航天员张洪章和32岁航天员武飞是中国最年轻的航天员,二人于2020年入选该项目。此处为谓语动词,根据时间状语in 2020可知用一般过去时,主语Zhang Hongzhang and Wu Fei与pick为被动关系,所以谓语动词为were picked。故填were picked。 6.考查连词。句意:神舟二十一号航天员将接替已在天宫空间站工作生活超过六个月的神舟二十号乘组。此处“Tiangong”和“Heavenly Palace”为一个概念的两种称呼,表示“或者”为选择关系,用连词or。故填or。 7.考查形容词。句意:神舟二十号航天员将在未来几天内返回地球。此处为固定搭配“in the coming days”,意为“在未来几天”,用come的形容词形式coming,意为“即将到来的”。故填coming。 8.考查非谓语动词。句意:神舟二十一号乘组还搭载了四只黑鼠,这是首批被送入中国空间站的小型哺乳动物。此处为后置定语,修饰the first small mammals,序数词后常用动词不定式作定语,且mammals与take为被动关系,所以用不定式的被动形式to be taken。故填to be taken。 9.考查定语从句。句意:神舟系列飞船半年一发已成为常态,过去一年该项目创下多项新里程碑,包括将90后航天员送入太空、完成创世界纪录的太空行走,以及计划明年培训并派遣首位来自巴基斯坦的外国航天员进入天宫空间站。此处为关系词引导的非限制性定语从句,先行词为the Shenzhou program,指物,在从句中作主语,用关系代词which。故填which。 10.考查介词。句意:神舟系列飞船半年一发已成为常态,过去一年该项目创下多项新里程碑,包括将90后航天员送入太空、完成创世界纪录的太空行走,以及计划明年培训并派遣首位来自巴基斯坦的外国航天员进入天宫空间站。此处为固定搭配“send sb. to sp.”,意为“将某人送往某地”,用介词to。故填to。 4 / 6 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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