专题02 Unit 3 Getting along with others （由关系代词引导的限制性定语从句基础题型100题）（江苏专用）高一英语译林版必修第一册

专题02 Unit 3 Getting along with others (单元语法 由关系代词引导的限制性定语从句基础题型100题) 01 基础知识 02 高考模拟演练 03 基础题型专练 一. 定语修饰名词或代词，说明其品质或特征。单个词位于被修饰词的前面，短语或从句位于被修饰词的后面。 二. 定语从句：修饰一个名词、代词或句子的从句称为定语从句。 先行词：被修饰的名词、代词或句子称为先行词。 关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，包括关系代词和关系副词。 三. 引导定语从句的关系代词有who, whom, whose, that, which, as等。 关系代词 指代 (即先行词) 在定语从句中所作的句子成分 who 人 主语、宾语 whom 人 宾语 which 物 主语、宾语 that 人/物 主语、宾语、表语 whose 人/物 定语 四、关系代词只用that而不用which的情况 1. 当先行词为all, everything, nothing, anything, little, much等不定代词或先行词被这些词修饰时。 2. 当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。 3. 当先行词被the only, the very, the last修饰时。 4. 当先行词既指人又指物时。 5. 当主句是以who或which开头的疑问句时, 为避免重复而用that。 6. 当先行词在定语从句中作表语时。 一、选词填空 （2026-2027高一上·江苏·课后作业）从 who / whom / which / that / whose 中选用合适关系代词填空，每空仅限一个答案。 1．The volunteers take part in the flood rescue are very brave. 2．The ruin we saw in the town was caused by a big storm. 3．The survivor we saved yesterday was a little child. 4．The disaster struck the area brought huge economic damage. 5．The doctor duty is to treat injured people never rests. 6．The supplies we sent to the disaster area are enough for daily use. 7．We respect the firefighters devote their lives to rescue work. （2026-2027高一上·江苏·课后作业） that/which/who/whom/whose 8．According to the Guinness World Records, the oldest man in the world now lives in Japan is 111 years old. 9．I wanted to be a fireman, uniform looked so cool. 10．There are many things in different areas we can do to reduce the possible dangers of AIDS. 11．..., we first picked the ones were most beautiful in color, ... 12．He was so pleased with all we had done for him that he wrote us a letter to praise us for it. 13．Is this the factory you visited the other day? 14．The wolves hid themselves in the places couldn’t be found. 15．He failed in the examination, made his father very angry. 16．Didn’t you see the man I nodded at just now? 17．Do you hear of the writer and his novels our teacher referred to yesterday? （2026-2027高一·全国·初升高衔接）用who, whom, which, that, whose填空，每空一词。 18．The mudslide destroyed the road stopped all rescue vehicles. 19．The survivors we met were waiting for drinking water. 20．This is the most serious earthquake this area has ever suffered. 21．Everything the volunteers brought helped people in trouble. 22．The man lost his family in the flood is receiving psychological help. 23．The only medical team can reach the village left at dawn. 24．We saw the firefighters and ruins appeared on the TV screen. 25．The town houses were washed away needs more tents immediately. 26．The rainstorm lasted three days caused huge economic losses. 27．The wounded girl the nurse is looking after feels much better now. 二、单项选择 （2025-2026高一上·广东广州·期末）The main reason ________ he gave for his poor performance in the debate was that he failed to make himself ________. A．why; understand B．that; understand C．why; understood D．that; understood 三、语法填空 （2026-2027高一上·四川德阳·阶段检测）The man we met yesterday is a famous professor. 单项选择 1．I don’t believe the way ________ he told me of cutting down trees. A．where B．in which C．when D．that 2． The team ________ key player got injured in the last minute gathered around, ________ worried. A．that; looking B．which; looked C．whose; looking D．whose; looked 3． As students ________ love doing sports, we need to remember to keep sports ________ clean after using it. A．that; equipments B．which; equipment C．who; equipments D．who; equipment 4． Every life choice ________ follows our hearts brings us a chance ________ our life more colorful. A．which; to make B．that; making C．which; made D．that; to make 5． The movie ________ we waited for a long time was not interesting, which made us very ________. A．that; disappointing B．what; disappointed C．that; disappointed D．what; disappointing 6．—I heard that a hero from Lincang was awarded the “New Era Youth Pioneer” prize. —Yes. He is the only one ________ name cannot be made public for safety reasons. A．who B．whose C．which D．whom 7．—The boy ________ lost is crying there. —How do you know he gets lost? A．whose B．who C．who’s 8．The old man _________ we visited in the countryside is a famous artist. A．when B．whom C．which D．whose 9．We talked about the people and things _________ we remembered in our middle school. A．which B．that C．who D．whom 10．The first prize _________ she won in the competition made her parents very proud. A．which B．that C．who D．whom 11．Jerry really wants to buy the most fashionable bag ________ was designed by the famous designer. A．that B．which C．what D．who 12．Confucius was a famous philosopher ________ has influenced the world greatly. A．whose B．whom C．which D．who 13．Last summer holiday, I went back to my hometown, ________ the neighbors and the house ________ I used to be familiar with were gone. A．only finding; which B．found; that C．to find; where D．only to find; that 14．________ medicine works in a human body is a question ________ not everyone can understand fully. A．What, that B．That, which C．That, what D．How, that 15．Is this the factory ________ you visited the other day? A．that B．where C．of which D．the one 16．When I was facing a decision ________ involved high risk, my friend wrote me a sentence________ containing the best advice ________ I have ever had: Be bold and brave, and mighty forces will come to your aid. A．that; that; that B．whose; /; that C．that; /; / D．which; which; which 17．Is this factory ________ some foreign friends visited last Friday? A．that B．where C．which D．the one 18．Everyone has his aim in life. Remember to set achievable goals and start with the easiest thing ________ you can control. A．whom B．when C．which D．that 19．It was not until we checked into the hotel ________ my father had visited before ________ we discovered the excellent services provided there, free breakfast ________. A．/; where; included B．that; when; to be included C．which; that; included D．where; that; to be included 20．The student ________ project won the first prize ________ every classmate with his creative ideas. A．whose; have impressed B．which; has impressed C．whose; has impressed D．that; have impressed 单句语法填空 1．She is no longer the girl she was ten years ago. 2．He saw a number of students in the hall were preparing for the literature debate. 3．The man we met yesterday is a famous professor. 4．The building doors are green is an office building. 5．She wants to remember everything her teacher taught her. 6．This is the village Officer Wang grew up in. 7．The scientist research changed our understanding of the universe is Albert Einstein. 8．He met the expert with he worked in the factory. 9．The writer works describe the beauty of nature has gained great popularity among teenagers. 10．The most touching story I have ever heard happened in a remote mountain village. 11．The young scientist won the national prize has spent years studying ocean pollution. 12．The volunteer we met at the community helped old people clean their houses every weekend. 13．The little boy and his dog we saw in the park were playing happily by the lake. 14．Anything he told me about his family impressed me deeply. 15．The best gift I have ever received is the letter from my mum. 16．Confucius is the philosopher influence is far-reaching. 17．The suggestion my father gave me helped me solve the problem. 18．All the information you need for the project can be found on this official website. 19．Those want to go to the computer room write your names here. 20．The athlete you met at the sports meeting has won several national gold medals. 21．The film we saw the day before yesterday is very interesting. 22．The first task we need to finish today is to collect data from the local survey. 23．It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work they have fought for. 24．The man is working with us is very friendly. 25．The little boy was so excited when he received a toy robot could walk and talk. 26．The teacher you met yesterday will give us a speech this afternoon. 27．The book I borrowed from the library is very popular among students. 28．We admire the people have contributed a lot to our society. 29．The boy father is a doctor works very hard at his lessons. 30．The first thing you should do is to find shelter. 完成句子 1．决定复习效果的不是投入的时间总量，而是时间利用效率。 The factor ________ revision results is not the total time spent but the efficiency of time use. 2．我们昨天小组讨论的那份复习方案需要根据大家的实际情况微调。（复合句，定语从句） The review plan ________ at yesterday’s group discussion needs slight adjustments according to our real situation. 3．我昨天看的那篇文章介绍了很多实用的写作技巧。（复合句，定语从句） The article ________ yesterday introduced many practical writing skills. 4．决定复习效果的不是投入的时间总量，而是时间利用效率。 The factor ________ revision results is not the total time spent but the efficiency of time use. 5．不过，如果你想翻开新的一页，一个最重要的提示是，选择一个标志着新“篇章”开始的重要日期会有所帮助。 If you want to turn over a new leaf, though, one top tip is that it helps to choose a significant date ________________ of a new “chapter”. 6．闪光的并非都是金子。 ____________________ is gold. 7．这里有几种方法可以让你朝着正确的方向前进。 Here’re a handful of ways ________________. 8．你觉得他过去用来解决这个问题的方式怎么样？ What do you think of ________________? 9．今年，政府呼吁许多英语专业的毕业生致力于国家建设。 This year the government calls on ___________________________________ the construction of the country. 10．没有人想与被怀疑偷钱的那个男孩交朋友。 →Nobody wants to make friends with the boy ______________. (分词短语作定语) →Nobody wants to make friends with the boy ______________. (定语从句） 11．我上周参观过的那个山村，由属于5个民族的30个家庭组成。 The mountain village I visited last week is made up of 30 families ________________ five nationalities. 12．这是30年代写的最著名的剧本之一。 This is the one of the most famous scripts __________________. 13．等他醒来，他发现自己来到一个完全陌生的房间。 (find+宾语+宾语补足语) When he awoke, he________________. 14．我们期望的那一天将很快来到。 The day ___________ we expect will come soon.\ 15．她就是那个努力学习数学的女孩。 She is the girl __________________. 16．他们住在一座窗户很大的房子里。 They live in a house __________________. 17．这就是那个爸爸是警察的女孩。 This is the girl __________________. 18．今天上午我收到一个包裹，里面有我需要的所有物品。 This morning I received a package __________. 19．我花10元钱买的钢笔丢了。 I lost the pen__________________. 20．如果你从各个方面看待这个情况，你可能会找到一个适合每个人的解决方案。 If you look at all sides of the situation, you’ll find probably a solution _________. 将下列句子合并为定语从句 1．I’m Li Hua, a senior three student from Mingqi Middle School. I recently listened to your podcast. ___________________________________________________ 2．The lost time must be made up as soon as possible. →The time ____________________ must be made up as soon as possible. 3．I sometimes have problems. I can’t solve them. _____________________________________________________________ 4．Lucy is my friend. She has a hearing problem. _____________________________________________________________ 5．The man is talking with a lady. He gave us a talk last week. The man ________ gave us a talk last week ________ ________ with a lady. 6．Now his works have been adapted for films.和His works have gained wide approval and congratulations. Now his works _________________________________________________________________________________. 7．There are many factors which account for his success. →____________________. 8．The soldiers came to the rescue right away. They saved the people trapped under the ruins and buried the dead. The soldiers came to the rescue right away. ________________ trapped under the ruins and buried the dead. 9．This is the boy. His sister is a famous singer. ______________________________________________________ 10． I want to talk to the boys. Their homework hasn’t been handed in. → I want to talk to the boys __________. 11．The man lives opposite our house. He is a miner. → The man ________ is a miner. 12．The student will organize the party of our school. We saw him at the school gate. →The student ________________ will organize the party of our school. 13．He will visit the famous dam in 2019. It was built in 1900. →He will visit the famous dam in 2019 ________________. 14．This is the terrible typhoon. It hit our coastal city last week. ____________________________________________________________________________ 15．In my opinion, my friend has many good qualities. The qualities are very important between friends. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 16．The relief bags contain food and water. We send them to damaged towns. ____________________________________________________________________________ 17．The soldier helped old people. We met him yesterday. ____________________________________________________________________________ 18．This is the only shelter. It can hold hundreds of disaster victims. ____________________________________________________________________________ 19．We talked about the doctors and floods. We saw them in the news. ____________________________________________________________________________ 20．A heavy rain caused floods. It fell last week. ____________________________________________________________________________ 阅读短文，填入适当关系代词. 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A girl who has a gift for drawing I went to an exhibition last month, 1 I admired a lot of wonderful paintings. Mary, 2 drawings were shown at the exhibition, is a model student 3 is often praised for her good work at school. As soon as we got into the exhibition hall 4 the paintings were on show, our eyes were caught by a very large picture 5 was hung on the wall in front of us. The horse 6 was drawn in the picture was exactly like a real horse. The man 7 was riding on it looked like a living man. It was the best picture 8 I had ever seen, and I should say Mary is the best young painter 9 I have ever heard of. However, you will be quite mistaken if you think that Mary was born a good painter. One of her teachers told me that it had taken Mary thousands of hours to learn and practise drawing before she became the best young painter 10 has ever been heard of in her hometown. But if you say that she has learned to be so good at drawing only by working hard at it, I will certainly agree with you. ( 8 / 8 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 Unit 3 Getting along with others (单元语法 由关系代词引导的限制性定语从句基础题型100题) 01 基础知识 02 高考模拟演练 03 基础题型专练 一. 定语修饰名词或代词，说明其品质或特征。单个词位于被修饰词的前面，短语或从句位于被修饰词的后面。 二. 定语从句：修饰一个名词、代词或句子的从句称为定语从句。 先行词：被修饰的名词、代词或句子称为先行词。 关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，包括关系代词和关系副词。 三. 引导定语从句的关系代词有who, whom, whose, that, which, as等。 关系代词 指代 (即先行词) 在定语从句中所作的句子成分 who 人 主语、宾语 whom 人 宾语 which 物 主语、宾语 that 人/物 主语、宾语、表语 whose 人/物 定语 四、关系代词只用that而不用which的情况 1. 当先行词为all, everything, nothing, anything, little, much等不定代词或先行词被这些词修饰时。 2. 当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。 3. 当先行词被the only, the very, the last修饰时。 4. 当先行词既指人又指物时。 5. 当主句是以who或which开头的疑问句时, 为避免重复而用that。 6. 当先行词在定语从句中作表语时。 一、选词填空 （2026-2027高一上·江苏·课后作业）从 who / whom / which / that / whose 中选用合适关系代词填空，每空仅限一个答案。 1．The volunteers take part in the flood rescue are very brave. 2．The ruin we saw in the town was caused by a big storm. 3．The survivor we saved yesterday was a little child. 4．The disaster struck the area brought huge economic damage. 5．The doctor duty is to treat injured people never rests. 6．The supplies we sent to the disaster area are enough for daily use. 7．We respect the firefighters devote their lives to rescue work. 【答案】1．who//that 2．which//that 3．whom/who/that 4．which/that 5．whose 6．which/that 7．who/that 【详解】1．句意：参加抗洪抢险的志愿者们非常勇敢。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词volunteers，指人，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who/that。 2．句意：我们在镇上看到的废墟是由一场大风暴造成的。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词ruin，指物，在从句中作宾语，应用关系代词which/that。 3．句意：我们昨天救的幸存者是一个小孩。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词survivor，指人，在从句中作宾语，应用关系代词whom/who/that。 4．句意：袭击该地区的灾难给该地区带来了巨大的经济损失。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词disaster，指物，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which/that。 5．句意：负责治疗受伤人员的医生从不休息。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词doctor，在从句中作定语，修饰名词duty，应用关系代词whose。 6．句意：我们送往灾区的物资足够日常使用。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词supplies，指物，在从句中作宾语，应用关系代词which/that。 7．句意：我们尊重那些为救援工作奉献生命的消防员。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词firefighters，指人，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who/that。 （2026-2027高一上·江苏·课后作业） that/which/who/whom/whose 8．According to the Guinness World Records, the oldest man in the world now lives in Japan is 111 years old. 9．I wanted to be a fireman, uniform looked so cool. 10．There are many things in different areas we can do to reduce the possible dangers of AIDS. 11．..., we first picked the ones were most beautiful in color, ... 12．He was so pleased with all we had done for him that he wrote us a letter to praise us for it. 13．Is this the factory you visited the other day? 14．The wolves hid themselves in the places couldn’t be found. 15．He failed in the examination, made his father very angry. 16．Didn’t you see the man I nodded at just now? 17．Do you hear of the writer and his novels our teacher referred to yesterday? 【答案】8．that/who 9．whose 10．that/which 11．that/which 12．that 13．that/which 14．that/which 15．which 16．who/whom/that 17．that 【详解】8．考查定语从句关系词。句意：根据吉尼斯世界纪录，目前居住在日本的那位世界上最长寿的男性，现年111岁。此空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是the oldest man，指人，关系词指代先行词在从句中作主语，用关系代词that/who。 9．考查定语从句关系词。句意：我曾经想当一名消防员，消防员的制服看起来太酷了。此空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是fireman，关系词在从句中作定语修饰uniform，表“（消防员的）制服”，用关系代词whose。 10．考查定语从句关系词。句意：在不同的领域，我们有许多可以做的事情，来降低艾滋病可能带来的危险。此空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是many things，指物，关系词指代先行词在从句中作do的宾语，用关系代词that/which。 11．考查定语从句关系词。句意：……，我们首先挑选了那些颜色最漂亮的……。此空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是the ones，指代前文的事物，关系词指代先行词在从句中作主语，用关系代词that/which。 12．考查定语从句关系词。句意：他对我们为他所做的一切非常满意，以至于他给我们写了一封信来表扬我们。此空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是all，不定代词，关系词指代先行词在从句中作done的宾语，用关系代词that。 13．考查定语从句关系词。句意：这是你前几天参观的那家工厂吗？此空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是the factory，指物，关系词指代先行词在从句中作visited的宾语，用关系代词that/which。 14．考查定语从句关系词。句意：狼群躲藏在那些无法被找到的地方。此空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是the places，指物，关系词指代先行词在从句中作主语，用关系代词that/which。 15．考查定语从句关系词。句意：他考试不及格，这使他父亲非常生气。此空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是前文整个句子描述的事，关系词指代先行词在从句中作主语，用关系代词which。 16．考查定语从句关系词。句意：你难道没有看见刚才我点头致意的那个人吗？此空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是the man，指人，关系词在从句中作nodded at的宾语，用关系代词who/whom/that。 17．考查定语从句关系词。句意：你听说过我们老师昨天提到的那位作家以及他的小说吗？此空引导限制性定语从句，先行词the writer and his novels同时包含人（the writer）和物（his novels），关系词指代先行词在从句中作referred to宾语，用关系代词that。 （2026-2027高一·全国·初升高衔接）用who, whom, which, that, whose填空，每空一词。 18．The mudslide destroyed the road stopped all rescue vehicles. 19．The survivors we met were waiting for drinking water. 20．This is the most serious earthquake this area has ever suffered. 21．Everything the volunteers brought helped people in trouble. 22．The man lost his family in the flood is receiving psychological help. 23．The only medical team can reach the village left at dawn. 24．We saw the firefighters and ruins appeared on the TV screen. 25．The town houses were washed away needs more tents immediately. 26．The rainstorm lasted three days caused huge economic losses. 27．The wounded girl the nurse is looking after feels much better now. 【答案】18．that/which 19．who/whom/that 20．that 21．that 22．who/that 23．that 24．that 25．whose 26．that /which 27．who/ whom/that 【详解】18．考查定语从句关系代词。句意：毁坏道路的山体滑坡阻断了所有救援车辆。先行词为表示事物的The mudslide，关系代词在定语从句中作主语，可用that或which引导从句。 19．考查定语从句关系代词。句意：我们遇到的幸存者正在等待饮用水。先行词为表示人的The survivors，关系代词在定语从句中作met的宾语，可用who、whom或that引导从句。 20．考查定语从句关系代词。句意：这是该地区遭遇过的最严重的一次地震。指物的先行词earthquake被最高级the most serious修饰，关系代词在定语从句中作suffered的宾语，根据语法规则，只能用that引导定语从句，不可用which。 21．考查定语从句关系代词。句意：志愿者们带来的所有物资都帮助了受灾群众。先行词为不定代词Everything，关系代词在句中作宾语，语法规定先行词为不定代词时，只能用that引导定语从句。 22．考查定语从句关系代词。句意：这位在洪水中失去家人的男子正在接受心理疏导。先行词为表示人的The man，关系代词在定语从句中作主语，可用who或that引导从句。 23．考查定语从句关系代词。句意：唯一能抵达这个村庄的医疗队在黎明时分出发了。先行词medical team被限定词the only修饰，关系代词在从句中作主语，语法规定被the only修饰的先行词，只能用that引导定语从句。 24．考查定语从句关系代词。句意：我们看到了出现在电视画面里的消防员和废墟。先行词同时包含人（firefighters）和事物（ruins），关系代词在从句中作主语，语法规定人与物并列作先行词时，只能用that引导定语从句。 25．考查定语从句关系代词。句意：房屋被冲走的这个小镇急需更多帐篷。先行词为The town，关系代词在从句中作定语修饰houses，表“……的”所属关系，只能用whose引导从句。 26．考查定语从句关系代词。句意：持续三天的暴雨造成了巨大的经济损失。先行词为表示事物的The rainstorm，关系代词在定语从句中作主语，可用that或which引导从句。 27．考查定语从句关系代词。句意：护士正在照料的这名受伤女孩现在感觉好多了。先行词为表示人的The wounded girl，关系代词在定语从句中作looking after的宾语，可用who、whom或that引导从句。 二、单项选择 （2025-2026高一上·广东广州·期末）The main reason ________ he gave for his poor performance in the debate was that he failed to make himself ________. A．why; understand B．that; understand C．why; understood D．that; understood 【答案】D 【详解】考查定语从句和非谓语动词。句意：他为自己在辩论中表现不佳给出的主要原因是他没能让别人理解自己。第一空引导定语从句，先行词是the main reason，关系词在定语从句中作gave的宾语，应用关系代词that；第二空为“make+宾语+宾补”结构，himself与understand之间为被动关系，所以此处使用过去分词形式，表示“让自己被理解”，应用过去分词understood。故选D项。 三、语法填空 （2026-2027高一上·四川德阳·阶段检测）The man we met yesterday is a famous professor. 【答案】that/who/whom 【详解】句意：我们昨天遇见的那位男士是一位著名的教授。 此处为定语从句，先行词是the man，指人；关系词在从句we met中作宾语，可以用关系代词that、who或者whom。 单项选择 1．I don’t believe the way ________ he told me of cutting down trees. A．where B．in which C．when D．that 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我不相信他告诉我的那种砍树的方法。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the way，指物，关系词在从句中作told的宾语，故用关系代词that引导从句。 2． The team ________ key player got injured in the last minute gathered around, ________ worried. A．that; looking B．which; looked C．whose; looking D．whose; looked 【答案】C 【详解】句意：那位核心球员在最后一分钟受伤的球队围了过来，面露担忧。第一空引导定语从句，先行词the team与key player是所属关系，需用关系代词whose；第二空为非谓语动词作状语，主语the team与动词look是主动关系，需用现在分词looking。 3． As students ________ love doing sports, we need to remember to keep sports ________ clean after using it. A．that; equipments B．which; equipment C．who; equipments D．who; equipment 【答案】D 【详解】句意：作为热爱运动的学生，我们需要记住在使用后保持运动设备的清洁。第一空引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词students，先行词指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who或that作引导词；第二空为名词作宾语，equipment意为“设备”，是不可数名词。 4． Every life choice ________ follows our hearts brings us a chance ________ our life more colorful. A．which; to make B．that; making C．which; made D．that; to make 【答案】D 【详解】句意：每一个跟随我们内心的生活选择都给我们带来了一个使我们的生活更加丰富多彩的机会。第一空引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词life choice，先行词指物，在从句中作主语，且life choice前有Every修饰，引导词只能选关系代词that；第二空为非谓语动词作定语修饰名词chance，常跟动词不定式作后置定语，表示“……机会”。 5． The movie ________ we waited for a long time was not interesting, which made us very ________. A．that; disappointing B．what; disappointed C．that; disappointed D．what; disappointing 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我们期待已久的那部电影其实并不精彩，这让我们非常失望。第一空引导的是限制性定语从句，引导词在从句中作宾语，修饰先行词the movie为物，用关系代词which/that作引导词；第二空使用形容词作宾补，此处对us进行补充说明，故使用disappointed，表示“感到失望的”，disappointing表示“令人感到失望的”修饰物。 6．—I heard that a hero from Lincang was awarded the “New Era Youth Pioneer” prize. —Yes. He is the only one ________ name cannot be made public for safety reasons. A．who B．whose C．which D．whom 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——我听说一名来自临沧的英雄被授予“新时代青年先锋”称号。——是的。出于安全考虑，他是唯一一个名字不能公开的人。此处为定语从句，先行词the only one指人，关系词在从句中作name的定语，表示所属关系，用关系代词whose。 7．—The boy ________ lost is crying there. —How do you know he gets lost? A．whose B．who C．who’s 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——那个迷路的男孩正在那里哭。——你怎么知道他迷路了？ A. whose谁的；B. who谁；C. who’s = who is。分析句子结构可知，此处考查定语从句，先行词the boy，从句缺少主语和谓语，who is lost表示“迷路的”，who’s符合句子结构。 8．The old man _________ we visited in the countryside is a famous artist. A．when B．whom C．which D．whose 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们在乡下拜访的那位老人是一位著名的艺术家。空格处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词The old man，指人，在定语从句中，及物动词visited后缺少宾语，因此需要使用指代人的关系代词whom来引导该从句，并在从句中充当宾语。 9．We talked about the people and things _________ we remembered in our middle school. A．which B．that C．who D．whom 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们谈论了我们在中学时记得的人和事。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是the people and things，关系词在从句中作动词remembered的宾语，且先行词既包含人又包含物，此时关系代词只能使用that。 10．The first prize _________ she won in the competition made her parents very proud. A．which B．that C．who D．whom 【答案】B 【详解】句意：她在比赛中获得的一等奖让她的父母非常自豪。“______ she won in the competition”为定语从句，先行词是prize，指物，且先行词被序数词first修饰，关系词在定语从句中作宾语，关系代词只能用that。 11．Jerry really wants to buy the most fashionable bag ________ was designed by the famous designer. A．that B．which C．what D．who 【答案】A 【详解】句意：Jerry真的很想买那个由著名设计师设计的最时尚的包。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词bag，且在从句中作主语。当先行词指物且被形容词最高级修饰时，关系代词只能用that。 12．Confucius was a famous philosopher ________ has influenced the world greatly. A．whose B．whom C．which D．who 【答案】D 【详解】句意：孔子是一位著名的哲学家，他对世界产生了巨大的影响。空格处引导限制性定语从句，修饰指人的先行词“a famous philosopher”，且关系词在从句中作主语，需用关系代词who。 13．Last summer holiday, I went back to my hometown, ________ the neighbors and the house ________ I used to be familiar with were gone. A．only finding; which B．found; that C．to find; where D．only to find; that 【答案】D 【详解】句意：去年暑假我回到了家乡，却发现我过去熟悉的邻居和房子都不在了。第一空，结合the neighbors and the house ____ I used to be familiar with were gone可知，此处表示意料之外的结果，应使用only to find结构；第二空，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词the neighbors and the house，先行词中既有人又有物，关系词在从句中作with的宾语。应用关系代词that引导。 14．________ medicine works in a human body is a question ________ not everyone can understand fully. A．What, that B．That, which C．That, what D．How, that 【答案】D 【详解】句意：药物如何在人体内起作用是一个并非所有人都能完全理解的问题。第一空引导主语从句，从句结构完整，不缺主干成分，根据句意表示“如何”，故用how引导；第二空引导定语从句，修饰先行词question，且在从句中作understand的宾语，故用that或which引导。 15．Is this the factory ________ you visited the other day? A．that B．where C．of which D．the one 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这是你前几天参观的工厂吗？此处为定语从句，先行词是the factory，指物，且关系词在从句中作及物动词visited的宾语，用关系代词that或which来引导。 16．When I was facing a decision ________ involved high risk, my friend wrote me a sentence________ containing the best advice ________ I have ever had: Be bold and brave, and mighty forces will come to your aid. A．that; that; that B．whose; /; that C．that; /; / D．which; which; which 【答案】C 【详解】句意：当我面临一个涉及高风险的决定时，我的朋友给我写了一句话，其中包含了我曾得到过的最好的建议：大胆勇敢些，强大的力量就会来帮助你。第一空引导限制性定语从句，先行词为a decision，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，可用that或which引导，排除B；第二空处的containing为现在分词，作后置定语修饰a sentence，此处不需要填任何关系词；第三空引导限制性定语从句，先行词为advice，被最高级the best修饰，且关系词在从句中作had的宾语，关系代词只能用that，也可以省略。 17．Is this factory ________ some foreign friends visited last Friday? A．that B．where C．which D．the one 【答案】D 【详解】句意：这家工厂就是上周五一些外国朋友参观的那一家吗？空处在主句中作表语，同时充当后面定语从句的先行词，指代特定的单数事物，需用the one，定语从句中visited缺少宾语，用关系代词that指代the one在从句中作宾语，可以省略。 18．Everyone has his aim in life. Remember to set achievable goals and start with the easiest thing ________ you can control. A．whom B．when C．which D．that 【答案】D 【详解】句意：每个人在生活中都有自己的目标。记住要设定可实现的目标，并从你能控制的最简单的事情开始。空格处引导定语从句修饰先行词thing，从句中缺少宾语，当先行词指物并且被形容词最高级（此处为the easiest）修饰时，关系代词只能用that，不能用which。 19．It was not until we checked into the hotel ________ my father had visited before ________ we discovered the excellent services provided there, free breakfast ________. A．/; where; included B．that; when; to be included C．which; that; included D．where; that; to be included 【答案】C 【详解】句意：直到我们入住我父亲之前到访过的那家酒店时，我们才发现那里提供的优质服务，其中还包含免费早餐。 根据句子结构分析，第一空引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the hotel，关系词在从句中作visited的宾语，指物，应用关系代词which/that引导该从句，也可不填；第二空与句首的It was构成强调句型“It is/was+被强调部分+that +其他”，此处强调时间状语从句“not until we checked into the hotel ______ my father had visited before”，故用that；第三空考查独立主格结构，“free breakfast”与“include”之间为逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分词included的形式。 20．The student ________ project won the first prize ________ every classmate with his creative ideas. A．whose; have impressed B．which; has impressed C．whose; has impressed D．that; have impressed 【答案】C 【详解】句意：那个项目获得了一等奖的学生用他富有创意的想法给每位同学都留下了深刻印象。第一空，空处引导定语从句，先行词是The student，空处在从句中作定语修饰project，表示所属关系，应用关系代词whose；第二空，据语境应用现在完成时，主句主语The student为单数，谓语应用第三人称单数形式has impressed。 单句语法填空 1．She is no longer the girl she was ten years ago. 【答案】that 【详解】句意：她不再是十年前的那个女孩了。空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词the girl，从句缺少表语，可用that引导限制性定语从句。 2．He saw a number of students in the hall were preparing for the literature debate. 【答案】who/that 【详解】句意：他看到大厅里有许多学生正在为文学辩论赛做准备。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词students，先行词指人，且关系代词在定语从句中作主语，故用关系代词who或that引导。 3．The man we met yesterday is a famous professor. 【答案】that/who/whom 【详解】句意：我们昨天遇见的那位男士是一位著名的教授。 此处为定语从句，先行词是the man，指人；关系词在从句we met中作宾语，可以用关系代词that、who或者whom。 4．The building doors are green is an office building. 【答案】whose 【详解】句意：那栋门是绿色的建筑是一栋办公楼。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词The building，先行词指物，在从句中作定语，和doors之间是所属关系，应用关系代词whose作引导词。 5．She wants to remember everything her teacher taught her. 【答案】that 【详解】句意：她想要记住老师教给她的所有东西。先行词是不定代词everything，当先行词为all, everything, nothing, something等不定代词时，关系代词只能用that，不能用which；that在从句her teacher taught her中作taught的宾语。 6．This is the village Officer Wang grew up in. 【答案】that/which 【详解】句意：这就是王警官长大的那个村子。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是the village，指物，定语从句末尾有介词in，从句缺少in的宾语，可用关系代词that或which。 7．The scientist research changed our understanding of the universe is Albert Einstein. 【答案】whose 【详解】句意：其研究改变了我们对宇宙理解的科学家是阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦。空处引导定语从句，先行词是scientist，关系词在从句中作定语，使用关系代词whose引导。 8．He met the expert with he worked in the factory. 【答案】whom 【详解】句意：他遇见了那位和他一起在工厂工作的专家。此处为“介词+关系代词”结构的定语从句，先行词expert指人，在从句中作介词with的宾语，用关系代词whom作引导词。 9．The writer works describe the beauty of nature has gained great popularity among teenagers. 【答案】whose 【详解】句意：这位作品描绘自然之美的作家在青少年中很受欢迎。此空考查定语从句，先行词the writer，指人，关系词在从句中作works的定语，表示“……的”，所以应用关系代词whose引导。 10．The most touching story I have ever heard happened in a remote mountain village. 【答案】that 【详解】句意：我听过的最感人的故事发生在一个偏远的山村。此空考查定语从句，先行词story被最高级the most touching修饰，关系词在从句中作heard的宾语，只能用关系代词that引导。 11．The young scientist won the national prize has spent years studying ocean pollution. 【答案】who/that 【详解】句意：那位获得国家奖项的年轻科学家花费多年时间研究海洋污染。此空考查定语从句，先行词the young scientist，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，可用关系代词who或that引导。 12．The volunteer we met at the community helped old people clean their houses every weekend. 【答案】who/whom/that/不填 【详解】句意：我们在社区遇到的那位志愿者每个周末都帮老人打扫房屋。此空考查定语从句关系代词，先行词the volunteer，指人，关系词在从句中作met的宾语，可以用who或whom或that或不填。 13．The little boy and his dog we saw in the park were playing happily by the lake. 【答案】that 【详解】句意：我们在公园里看到的那个小男孩和他的狗正在湖边开心地玩耍。此空考查定语从句关系代词，先行词同时包含人和物，关系代词在从句中作saw的宾语，只能用that。 14．Anything he told me about his family impressed me deeply. 【答案】that 【详解】句意：他跟我讲的关于他家的一切都给我留下了深刻印象。空处引导定语从句，先行词是不定代词Anything，在定语从句中作told的宾语，只能用关系代词that引导从句。 15．The best gift I have ever received is the letter from my mum. 【答案】that 【详解】句意：我收到过的最好礼物就是妈妈写的那封信。空处引导定语从句，先行词是gift，指代事物，在从句中作received的宾语，同时先行词被最高级“The best”修饰，这种情况下定语从句的关系词只能用that。 16．Confucius is the philosopher influence is far-reaching. 【答案】whose 【详解】句意：孔子是那位影响深远的哲学家。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词the philosopher指人，关系词作定语修饰influence，二者是所属关系，表示“哲学家的”，用关系代词whose。 17．The suggestion my father gave me helped me solve the problem. 【答案】that/which 【详解】句意：父亲给我的那条建议帮我解决了这个问题。此空考查定语从句，先行词为the suggestion，指物，在从句中作gave的宾语，应用关系代词that或which引导。 18．All the information you need for the project can be found on this official website. 【答案】that 【详解】句意：你做这个项目所需要的全部信息都可以在这个官网上找到。此空考查定语从句，先行词被All修饰，关系词在从句中作need的宾语，只能用that。 19．Those want to go to the computer room write your names here. 【答案】who 【详解】句意：想去机房的人，把你们的名字写在这里。此处引导限定性定语从句，先行词为those且指人时，关系代词习惯用who，一般不用that，即固定表达those who...(……的那些人)，因为who在从句中作主语，所以不能省略，也不能用宾格whom。 20．The athlete you met at the sports meeting has won several national gold medals. 【答案】who/whom/that 【详解】句意：你在运动会上遇见的那位运动员已经赢得好几枚全国金牌了。设空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为The athlete，指人，关系词在定语从句中作met的宾语，可用关系代词who/whom/that，也可以省略。 21．The film we saw the day before yesterday is very interesting. 【答案】that/which 【详解】句意：我们前天看到的那部电影非常有趣。定语从句修饰先行词film，在从句中作宾语，指物，故用that或which。 22．The first task we need to finish today is to collect data from the local survey. 【答案】that 【详解】句意：我们今天需要完成的第一项任务是收集当地调查的数据。此处为定语从句，先行词task被序数词the first修饰，关系代词只能用that，在从句中作finish的宾语。 23．It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work they have fought for. 【答案】which/that 【详解】句意：相反，我们这些活着的人，应该在这里献身于他们曾为之奋斗的那项未竟的事业。空处引导定语从句，先行词是表示事物的名词短语the unfinished work，从句中fought for后缺少宾语，所以用which或that引导。 24．The man is working with us is very friendly. 【答案】who/that 【详解】句意：和我们一起工作的这位男士很友好。此空引导定语从句，在从句中作主语，先行词是the man(指人)，此空是关系代词who/that。 25．The little boy was so excited when he received a toy robot could walk and talk. 【答案】that/which 【详解】句意：小男孩收到一个能走路会说话的玩具机器人时，兴奋极了。空处引导定语从句，先行词是a toy robot，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that/which引导。 26．The teacher you met yesterday will give us a speech this afternoon. 【答案】who/whom/that 【详解】句意：你昨天遇到的那位老师今天下午将给我们做演讲。先行词The teacher指人，关系代词在从句中作宾语，可用who, whom或that，也可省略。 27．The book I borrowed from the library is very popular among students. 【答案】that/which 【详解】句意：我从图书馆借来的那本书在学生当中很受欢迎。此处引导限制性定语从句，先行词the book指物，从句缺少宾语，可用关系代词that或which引导。 28．We admire the people have contributed a lot to our society. 【答案】who/that 【详解】句意：我们钦佩那些为社会做出巨大贡献的人。空处引导定语从句，先行词the people指人，关系代词在从句中作主语，可用who或that。 29．The boy father is a doctor works very hard at his lessons. 【答案】whose 【详解】句意：那个父亲是医生的男孩学习非常努力。此处引导定语从句，先行词the boy与空后的名词father之间为所属关系，所以此处使用关系代词whose，关系词在从句中作定语。 30．The first thing you should do is to find shelter. 【答案】that 【详解】句意：你首先应该做的事是找到庇护处。此处为定语从句，先行词The first thing，被序数词the first修饰，且在从句中作do的宾语，只能用关系代词that引导。 完成句子 1．决定复习效果的不是投入的时间总量，而是时间利用效率。 The factor ________ revision results is not the total time spent but the efficiency of time use. 【答案】that determines 【详解】陈述客观事实，为一般现在时。空处需表达“决定（复习效果）的”，修饰先行词The factor，应用that引导定语从句，that指代先行词the factor，在从句中作主语；determine为及物动词，意为“决定、确定”，先行词为单数the factor，故谓语动词用第三人称单数determines。 2．我们昨天小组讨论的那份复习方案需要根据大家的实际情况微调。（复合句，定语从句） The review plan ________ at yesterday’s group discussion needs slight adjustments according to our real situation. 【答案】that/which we discussed 【详解】空处应用定语从句表达，表示“我们讨论的”，修饰先行词review plan；“讨论”英文表达为动词discuss，由at yesterday’s group discussion可知，该句应用一般过去时，从句可用that/which引导，作宾语，译为that/which we discussed。 3．我昨天看的那篇文章介绍了很多实用的写作技巧。（复合句，定语从句） The article ________ yesterday introduced many practical writing skills. 【答案】that/which I read 【详解】表示“我昨天看的”可用定语从句修饰先行词The article，先行词为物，关系代词用that或which作主语，由yesterday可知应用一般过去时，“看”翻译为read（过去式与原形同形），在句中作从句的谓语。 4．决定复习效果的不是投入的时间总量，而是时间利用效率。 The factor ________ revision results is not the total time spent but the efficiency of time use. 【答案】that determines 【详解】句中“决定复习效果的”处理为定语从句，先行词是factor，在从句中作主语，可用关系代词that，谓语“决定”用动词determine，句子陈述普遍道理，用一般现在时，先行词factor是第三人称单数，因此定语从句的谓语用单数形式determines。 5．不过，如果你想翻开新的一页，一个最重要的提示是，选择一个标志着新“篇章”开始的重要日期会有所帮助。 If you want to turn over a new leaf, though, one top tip is that it helps to choose a significant date ________________ of a new “chapter”. 【答案】that signals the start 【详解】“标志着……开始的”作定语，可处理为关系代词that引导的限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a significant date (指物，单数)，that在从句中作主语，谓语“标志”用动词signal，陈述客观建议，用一般现在时signals，宾语“开始”用名词start。 6．闪光的并非都是金子。 ____________________ is gold. 【答案】Not all that glitters 【详解】“闪光的并非都是金子。”表达为：Not all that glitters is gold.这是一句英文谚语，其中not all为部分否定，表示“并非都，不全都”。“that glitters”是一个定语从句，修饰先行词“Not all”。 7．这里有几种方法可以让你朝着正确的方向前进。 Here’re a handful of ways ________________. 【答案】that/which will set you in the right direction 【详解】“让某人朝着正确的方向前进”set sb. in the right direction，使用人称代词的宾格形式you作宾语，空处作定语修饰ways，关系词在从句中作主语，使用that/which引导从句，从句描述将来的情况，使用一般将来时。 8．你觉得他过去用来解决这个问题的方式怎么样？ What do you think of ________________? 【答案】the way (in which/that) he used to solve the problem 【详解】对比中英文可知，空处表示“他过去用来解决这个问题的方式”，“方式”可用名词the way，“他过去解决这个问题的”是修饰语，可用in which或that引导的限制性定语从句表示，in which或that可省略，从句中主语用he，“过去做某事”可用短语used to do，“解决这个问题”可用动词solve和名词the problem搭配。 9．今年，政府呼吁许多英语专业的毕业生致力于国家建设。 This year the government calls on ___________________________________ the construction of the country. 【答案】a great many graduates who major in English to devote themselves to 【详解】对比可知，空格处表达“许多英语专业的毕业生致力于”，“许多”是a great many，“毕业生”是graduate，要用复数，“英语专业的”用who引导的限制性定语从句，翻译为who major in English，“致力于”是devote themselves to，call on sb. to do表示“呼吁某人做某事”，因此devote用不定式。 10．没有人想与被怀疑偷钱的那个男孩交朋友。 →Nobody wants to make friends with the boy ______________. (分词短语作定语) →Nobody wants to make friends with the boy ______________. (定语从句） 【答案】 suspected of having stolen money who is suspected of having stolen money 【详解】第一空表示“被怀疑”用be suspected of，过去分词作定语修饰boy；表示“偷钱”为steal money，已经完成，且作介词的宾语，用having done形式；第二空为定语从句修饰先行词boy，在从句中作主语，指人，故用who引导；表示“被怀疑”用be suspected of；表示“偷钱”为steal money，已经完成，且作介词的宾语，用having done形式。 11．我上周参观过的那个山村，由属于5个民族的30个家庭组成。 The mountain village I visited last week is made up of 30 families ________________ five nationalities. 【答案】belonging to/which belong to 【详解】结合句意表示“属于”短语为belong to，与families构成主动关系，故用现在分词作定语；或用定语从句修饰先行词families，从句缺少主语，指物，故用which，陈述事实用一般现在时，谓语用原形。 12．这是30年代写的最著名的剧本之一。 This is the one of the most famous scripts __________________. 【答案】that was written in the 1930s 【详解】对比可知，空格处表达“30年代写的”，用that/which引导定语从句，先行词被最高级the most famous修饰，只能用that引导定语从句，“写”是write，that从句中用一般过去时的被动语态，先行词是the one of the most famous scripts，是单数概念，从句中be动词用was，“30年代”是in the 1930s。 13．等他醒来，他发现自己来到一个完全陌生的房间。 (find+宾语+宾语补足语) When he awoke, he________________. 【答案】found himself in a room he didn’t recognize 【详解】整个句子陈述过去的动作，用一般过去时。表达为“发现自己身处……”find oneself in...；“一个房间”为a room；“陌生的”可以处理成定语从句he didn’t recognize修饰room。room为先行词，在定语从句作宾语，关系代词为that或者which，作宾语可以省略。 14．我们期望的那一天将很快来到。 The day ___________ we expect will come soon.\ 【答案】that/which 【详解】空格处引导定语从句，修饰先行词the day，关系词在从句中作动词expect的宾语，所以用关系代词that/which。 15．她就是那个努力学习数学的女孩。 She is the girl __________________. 【答案】who/that studies math hard 【详解】定语从句修饰先行词girl，在从句中作主语，故用who或that引导；表示“努力学习数学”为study math hard。根据上文is可知为一般现在时，从句谓语用三单形式。 16．他们住在一座窗户很大的房子里。 They live in a house __________________. 【答案】whose windows are very large 【详解】“窗户”是windows；“很大”翻译为be very large；空格处是定语从句，修饰先行词a house，关系词在从句中作定语修饰名词windows，意义为“其；……的”，用关系代词whose引导从句；从句描述客观情况，用一般现在时，主语是whose windows，be动词用are，所以填whose windows are very large。 17．这就是那个爸爸是警察的女孩。 This is the girl __________________. 【答案】whose father is a policeman 【详解】“爸爸”是father；“警察”翻译为a policeman；空格处是定语从句，修饰先行词the girl，关系词在从句中作定语修饰名词father，意义为“其；……的”，所以用关系代词whose引导从句，从句描述客观情况，用一般现在时，主语是whose father，be动词用is。 18．今天上午我收到一个包裹，里面有我需要的所有物品。 This morning I received a package __________. 【答案】containing all the items I needed 【详解】“里面有……”用contain，空处作后置定语修饰package，package与contain之间为主动关系，应用现在分词containing；“所有物品”用all the items，“我需要”表示为I need，结合received可知，句子使用一般过去时，动词使用过去式形式needed，I needed修饰items，先行词指物，且前边由all修饰，只能使用关系代词that，that作宾语，可以省略。 19．我花10元钱买的钢笔丢了。 I lost the pen__________________. 【答案】that/which cost me 10 yuan 【详解】“花费我10元钱”表达为cost me 10 yuan；结合lost可知，此处使用一般过去时， 先行词the pen为事物，在定语从句中作主语。关系代词用that/which。 20．如果你从各个方面看待这个情况，你可能会找到一个适合每个人的解决方案。 If you look at all sides of the situation, you’ll find probably a solution _________. 【答案】that/which suits everyone 【详解】表示“适合每个人”用定语从句，先行词solution指物，关系词在从句中作主语，引导词用that/which。表示“适合每个人”用suit everyone，从句描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，谓语用第三人称单数。 将下列句子合并为定语从句 1．I’m Li Hua, a senior three student from Mingqi Middle School. I recently listened to your podcast. ___________________________________________________ 【答案】I’m Li Hua, a senior three student from Mingqi Middle School who recently listened to your podcast. 【详解】句意：我是李华，明奇中学的一名高三学生，最近听了你们的播客。分析句子可知，原句包含两个简单句，可将第二个句子整合为定语从句，修饰先行词student（指人），使用关系代词who代替先行词在从句中作主语。 2．The lost time must be made up as soon as possible. →The time ____________________ must be made up as soon as possible. 【答案】which was lost/that was lost 【详解】句意：失去的时间必须尽快补回来。原句中lost是过去分词作前置定语，表示“被浪费的/失去的”，可用定语从句that/which was lost替换，时态用一般过去时表过去情况。 3．I sometimes have problems. I can’t solve them. _____________________________________________________________ 【答案】I sometimes have problems which I can’t solve. 【详解】句意：我有时会遇到一些问题，我无法解决它们。原句是两个简单句，两个句子中共有的单词problems（事物）为先行词，第二句中的them指代第一句中的problems作宾语，所以此处使用关系代词which，在定语从句I can’t solve中作solve的宾语，将两个分句合并为含有定语从句的复合句。 4．Lucy is my friend. She has a hearing problem. _____________________________________________________________ 【答案】Lucy is my friend who has a hearing problem./Lucy is my friend that has a hearing problem. 【详解】句意：露西是我的朋友，她有听力障碍。原句是两个简单句，第二句中的She指代第一句中的friend作主语，可将friend作为先行词，使用关系代词who/that，将两个分句合并为含有定语从句的复合句。 5．The man is talking with a lady. He gave us a talk last week. The man ________ gave us a talk last week ________ ________ with a lady. 【答案】 who is talking 【详解】句意：这位男士正与一位女士交谈。他上周给我们做了一场报告。The man为先行词，第一空处到week为定语从句，第一空需填关系代词引导定语从句，当先行词为人时，关系代词可用who，在从句中作主语。第二、三空根据原第一句可知，应填is talking，构成现在进行时，为主句谓语。 6．Now his works have been adapted for films.和His works have gained wide approval and congratulations. Now his works _________________________________________________________________________________. 【答案】have been adapted for films which have gained wide approval and congratulations 【详解】句意：那些获得广泛认可与赞誉的他的作品如今已经被改编成电影。“他的作品” 为 His works，作主句主语；关系代词which引导限制性定语从句，指代先行词works并在从句中作主语。 7．There are many factors which account for his success. →____________________. 【答案】There are many factors accounting for his success 【详解】句意：有诸多因素促成了他的成功。原句是包含which引导的定语从句的复合句，先行词factors和account for是主动关系，可将定语从句which account for替换为现在分词短语accounting for作后置定语。 8．The soldiers came to the rescue right away. They saved the people trapped under the ruins and buried the dead. The soldiers came to the rescue right away. ________________ trapped under the ruins and buried the dead. 【答案】They saved the people who were 【详解】句意：士兵们立即前来救援。他们救出了被困在废墟下的群众，并掩埋了遇难者。原句中为过去分词trapped作后置定语，修饰people，可改为定语从句结构，修饰先行词people，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导从句，从句主语who指代people，且trap与主语之间是被动关系，使用一般过去时的被动语态，从句中的be动词应使用were。 9．This is the boy. His sister is a famous singer. ______________________________________________________ 【答案】This is the boy whose sister is a famous singer. 【详解】句意：这就是那个男孩。他的姐姐是一名著名歌手。需要合并为定语从句。第一句This is the boy保持不变，先行词为the boy，从句中his sister和先行词构成所属关系（男孩的姐姐）；关系代词whose用于表示所属，意为“……的”，后接名词sister，其他成分保持不变。 10． I want to talk to the boys. Their homework hasn’t been handed in. → I want to talk to the boys __________. 【答案】whose homework hasn’t been handed in 【详解】句意：我想和那些还没交作业的男孩们谈谈。两句有相同名词the boys，用定语从句合并；将第二句调整为定语从句，第一句作为主句。从句修饰先行词the boys，先行词指人，关系词在从句中作定语，修饰homework，用关系代词whose替换第二句中的Their。 11．The man lives opposite our house. He is a miner. → The man ________ is a miner. 【答案】who/that lives opposite our house 【详解】句意：住在我们家对面的那个男人是一名矿工。两句有相同名词the man，用定语从句合并；将第一句调整为定语从句，第二句作为主句。从句修饰先行词the man，先行词指人，关系词代替先行词在从句中充当主语，用关系代词who/that替换第一句中的The man。 12．The student will organize the party of our school. We saw him at the school gate. →The student ________________ will organize the party of our school. 【答案】we saw at the school gate/who we saw at the school gate/whom we saw at the school gate/that we saw at the school gate 【详解】原句句意：这个学生将组织我们学校的晚会。我们在学校门口看到了他。原句中him指代前面的The student，可将The student作为先行词，用限制性定语从句对其修饰，先行词指人，在从句中作saw的宾语，应用关系代词who、whom或that作引导词，且引导词可省略。 13．He will visit the famous dam in 2019. It was built in 1900. →He will visit the famous dam in 2019 ________________. 【答案】which was built in 1900/that was built in 1900 【详解】原句句意：他将在2019年参观这座著名的水坝，它建于1900年。原句中It指代前面的the famous dam，可将the famous dam作为先行词，用限制性定语从句对其修饰，先行词指物，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which或that作引导词。 14．This is the terrible typhoon. It hit our coastal city last week. ____________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】This is the terrible typhoon which/that hit our coastal city last week. 【详解】句意：这就是上周袭击我们沿海城市的那场可怕台风。两个简单句中，先行词the terrible typhoon 是事物，第二句的It 指代先行词，可用关系代词which/that替换it；关系代词在定语从句中作主语，从句 which/that hit our coastal city last week 修饰先行词 the terrible typhoon。 15．In my opinion, my friend has many good qualities. The qualities are very important between friends. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】In my opinion, my friend has many good qualities which are very important between friends./In my opinion, my friend has many good qualities that are very important between friends. 【详解】句意：在我看来，我的朋友身上拥有很多优良品质，这些品质在朋友之间十分重要。两个句子重复的核心名词是qualities，因此将其作为定语从句的先行词。先行词qualities指物，且在从句中作主语，因此用关系代词that或which。 16．The relief bags contain food and water. We send them to damaged towns. ____________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The relief bags which/that we send to damaged towns contain food and water. 【详解】句意：这些救援袋里装着食物和水。我们把它们送到受灾的城镇。这里先行词是The relief bags，指物。在定语从句中作send的宾语，这种情况下关系词可以用which或that。把第二个句子We send them to damaged towns变成定语从句，将them替换为关系词which/that，放在先行词The relief bags之后，即which/that we send to damaged towns。整合后句子为The relief bags which/that we send to damaged towns contain food and water。 17．The soldier helped old people. We met him yesterday. ____________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The soldier whom/who we met yesterday helped old people. 【详解】句意：这位士兵帮助了老人。我们昨天遇到他了。两句共同提到了The soldier/him，将名词The soldier选定为先行词，以原句第一句作为主句，主语为The soldier；原句第二句改写为限制性定语从句，修饰主句主语The soldier，The soldier为先行词；原句第二句中的宾语him指代The soldier，改写为定语从句时用关系代词whom/who指代，需将whom/who置于先行词The soldier后，并在从句中省略him，主句谓宾结构保持不变，置于定语从句后，改写后的句子为“The soldier whom/who we met yesterday helped old people.”，其中whom/who we met yesterday为定语从句，whom/who为关系代词，在从句中作宾语。 18．This is the only shelter. It can hold hundreds of disaster victims. ____________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】This is the only shelter that can hold hundreds of disaster victims. 【详解】句意：这是唯一的避难所。它能够容纳数百名灾民。两个句子的相同部分是the only shelter，因此将其作为先行词，先行词被限定词the only修饰，且在从句中作主语，只可以用关系代词that引导定语从句。 19．We talked about the doctors and floods. We saw them in the news. ____________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】We talked about the doctors and floods that we saw in the news. 【详解】句意：我们谈论了那些医生以及洪水。我们在新闻里看到他们。them指代the doctors and floods，先行词同时包含人和事物，在定语从句we saw in the news中充当saw的宾语，用关系代替that。把定语从句放置在先行词the doctors and floods之后，保留主句原本的We talked about结构，延续原句的一般过去时，其余语句细节不作改动。 20．A heavy rain caused floods. It fell last week. ____________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The heavy rain that/which fell last week caused floods. 【详解】句意：上周下的那场大雨引发了洪水。 两个简单句中，相同部分为the heavy rain，将第二个句子作为定语从句，先行词rain在从句中作主语，用关系代词which/that。    阅读短文，填入适当关系代词. 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A girl who has a gift for drawing I went to an exhibition last month, 1 I admired a lot of wonderful paintings. Mary, 2 drawings were shown at the exhibition, is a model student 3 is often praised for her good work at school. As soon as we got into the exhibition hall 4 the paintings were on show, our eyes were caught by a very large picture 5 was hung on the wall in front of us. The horse 6 was drawn in the picture was exactly like a real horse. The man 7 was riding on it looked like a living man. It was the best picture 8 I had ever seen, and I should say Mary is the best young painter 9 I have ever heard of. However, you will be quite mistaken if you think that Mary was born a good painter. One of her teachers told me that it had taken Mary thousands of hours to learn and practise drawing before she became the best young painter 10 has ever been heard of in her hometown. But if you say that she has learned to be so good at drawing only by working hard at it, I will certainly agree with you. 【答案】 1．where 2．whose 3．who/that 4．where 5．that/ which 6．that/ which 7．who/that 8．that 9．that 10．that 【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者去看画展的一次经历。 【详解】1．考查非限制性定语从句关系副词。句意：上个月我去了一个展览会，在那里我欣赏了很多很棒的画。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为an exhibition，关系副词where在从句中作地点状语，意为“在那里”。故填where。 2．考查非限制性定语从句关系代词。句意：玛丽的画作在展览会上展出，她是一个模范学生，经常因为她在学校的出色表现而受到表扬。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Mary，关系代词whose在从句中作定语，表示所有关系。故填whose。 3．考查定语从句关系代词。句意：同2题。先行词为a model student，关系代词who/that在从句中作主语，指人。故填who/that。 4．考查定语从句关系副词。句意：当我们进入展览大厅的时候，我们的眼睛被挂在我们面前墙上的巨幅画吸引住了。先行词为the exhibition hall，关系副词where在从句中作地点状语。故填where。 5．考查定语从句关系代词。句意：同4句。先行词为picture，关系代词that/ which在从句中作主语，指物。故填that/ which。 6．考查定语从句关系代词。句意：画中的马和真正的马一模一样。先行词为The horse，关系代词that/ which在从句中作主语，指物。故填that/ which。 7．考查定语从句关系代词。句意：骑在上面的人看起来像个活人。先行词为The man，关系代词who/that在从句中作主语，指人。故填who/that。 8．考查定语从句关系代词。句意：这是我见过的最好的画，我应该说 Mary 是我听说过的最好的年轻画家。先行词为the best picture，关系代词that在从句中作宾语，指物，因为先行词由最高级修饰，所以只能用that不用 which。故填that。 9．考查定语从句关系代词。句意：同8题。先行词为the best young painter，关系代词that在从句中作宾语，指人，因为先行词由最高级修饰，所以只能用that不用who。故填that。 10．考查定语从句关系代词。句意：她的一个老师告诉我，玛丽花了几千个小时学习和练习绘画，才成为她家乡听说过的最好的年轻画家。先行词为the best young painter，关系代词that在从句中作主语，指人，因为先行词由最高级修饰，所以只能用that不用who。故填that。 ( 18 / 20 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $