专题02 非谓语动词作定语、状语（期中复习讲义）高二英语上学期译林版

专题02 非谓语动词（二）（定语、状语） 01 期中考情透视 02 复习目标锚定 03 知识体系构建 04 核心考点精讲 考点一 非谓语动词作定语 / 考点二 非谓语动词作状语（形式与意义） / 考点三 分词作状语与状语从句的转换 / 考点四 高考易混点突破 05 限时分层演练 高考真题 / 基础固本练 / 综合进阶练 本专题核心考点覆盖非谓语动词作定语与作状语两大方向：定语方面集中在不定式表将来、抽象名词与序数词后的不定式、分词作定语的主动 / 被动 / 进行三种区分；状语方面集中在 doing / having done、done / having been done、to do / to be done 三组形式的判断，以及与时间、原因、条件、让步、结果、伴随六类状语从句的转换。命题上常结合语法填空（提示词变形）、句型转换、读后续写与写作句式升级等题型设置情境。本专题属于中等偏上、区分度最大的语法板块，“(only) to do 与 (thus) doing 表结果”“连词 + 分词”“独立主格”“分词逻辑主语须与主句主语一致”是拉开分差的关键点。 识记 牢记非谓语作定语、作状语的六种基本形式（to do / to be done、doing / having done、done / having been done）及其含义；熟记不定式作定语的四种常见情形。 理解 辨析 doing 与 having done、done 与 having been done 的时间先后；区分 (only) to do 与 (thus) doing 作结果状语；理解独立主格与“连词 + 分词”的构成条件。 应用 能按“析句式 → 找逻辑主语 → 辨主被动 → 判时间先后”四步解题；能在写作中把状语从句改写为分词短语，提升句式层次。 考点一 非谓语动词作定语 1. 不定式作定语：常表①_________的动作；to be done 表示将来、被动的动作。 You are supposed to take this opportunity to realize your dream. 你应该抓住这个机会去实现你的梦想。 2. 若不定式是不及物动词，它所修饰的名词是地点、工具等，需加相应的②_________。 He had no pen to write with, so he had to borrow one from his neighbour. 他没有钢笔写字，只好向邻居借了一支。 3. 中心词为序数词、最高级、the last、the only 等或被这类词修饰，且中心词是该动作的执行者时，常用③_________作定语。 He is always the first _________ (arrive) at the school and the last _________ (leave). 他总是第一个到校、最后一个离校。 4. 被修饰词是抽象名词（ability, chance, idea, hope, wish, fact, excuse, promise, attempt, way 等）时，常用④_________作定语。 The ability _________ (express) an idea is as important as the idea itself. 表达想法的能力与想法本身同样重要。 5. 分词作定语（及物动词）：主动关系用⑤_________；被动关系且表正在进行用⑥_________；被动关系且表完成或状态用⑦_________。 The park was full of people enjoying themselves in the sunshine.公园里满是在阳光下享受的人们。 We must keep a secret of the things being discussed here.我们必须对这里正在讨论的事情保密。 The players_________ (select) from the whole country are expected to bring us honor. 从全国选拔出来的运动员有望为我们带来荣誉。 6. 分词作定语（不及物动词）：现在分词表示动作⑧；过去分词只表示一个动作⑨_________，不表被动。 falling leaves（正在下落的叶子）→ fallen leaves（落叶） ⚠️避坑指南 判断作定语的形式，只看它与所修饰名词的关系，不看句子主语。如 the things being discussed（正在被讨论的事）中，things 是“被讨论”，且正在进行，故用 being discussed，不能用 discussed。 考点二 非谓语动词作状语（形式与意义） 1. doing / having done 作状语：句子主语与非谓语动词之间为⑩_________关系；having done 强调动作发生在主句谓语动词⑪_________。 _________ (see) the Earth from space, the astronaut was amazed. 从太空看地球，宇航员很震惊。 The lawyer listened with full attention, _________ (try) not to miss any point. 律师全神贯注地听着，尽量不漏掉任何一点。 Not _________ (receive) a reply, he decided to write again. 因为没有收到回信，他决定再写一封。 2. done / having been done 作状语：句子主语与非谓语动词之间为⑫_________关系；having been done 发生在主句谓语动词之前。 _________ (see) from the top of the mountain, the city looks beautiful. 从山顶看，这座城市很美。 _________ (compare) with those who lived in the slums, children here are really lucky. 与住在贫民窟的孩子相比，这里的孩子真的很幸运。 _________ (show) around the Water Cube, we were then taken to see the Bird’s Nest. 被带着参观完水立方后，我们又被带去看鸟巢。 3. to do / to be done 作状语：主要作⑬_________状语，也可作原因状语和结果状语；作结果状语时常表示令人意外的结果，常用 only to（⑭_________）、enough to、too...to...、so / such...as to... 等结构。 _________ (not fail) the examination, all the students are studying hard. 为了考试不挂科，所有学生都在努力学习。 He hurried to the station, only_________ (tell) that the train had left. 他匆匆赶到车站，却被告知火车已经开走了。 I feel greatly honored_________ (welcome) into their society. 能被欢迎加入他们的团体，我深感荣幸。 ⚠️记忆口诀 “主动用 doing，被动用 done，先于谓语加 having，目的将来 to do 顶；否定形式加 not，放在分词最前头。” ⚠️避坑指南 句中已有并列连词（but, and）时，另一分句必须用谓语形式，不能用分词。 _________ many times, but he still couldn’t understand it. _________ many times, he still couldn’t understand it. 考点三 分词作状语与状语从句的转换 1. 主动且同时发生 → 用⑮_________；先于主句发生 → 用⑯_________；从句谓语为被动 → 用⑰_________。 状语从句 改写为非谓语动词作状语 状语类型 When they heard the news, they jumped with joy.  _________ (hear) the news, they jumped with joy. 时间 After he had returned home, he began to work.  _________ (return) home, he began to work. 时间（先于主句） Because he was ill, he couldn’t go to school.  _________ (be) ill, he couldn’t go to school. 原因 If you work harder, you will make greater progress. _________ (work) harder, you will make greater progress. 条件 Although they felt very tired, they kept running. _________ (feel) very tired, they kept running. 让步 After they were sent to the zoo, the monkeys had good health. _________ (send) to the zoo, the monkeys had good health. 时间（被动） 2.连词 + 分词：为使状语含义更明确，可在分词前加上适当的⑱_________（when, while, once, if, unless, though 等）。 _________ (use), the car will never be sold again.（= Once it is used...）一旦被使用过，这辆车就再也卖不出去了。 The flowers his friend gave him will die unless _________ (water) every day. 除非每天浇水，否则朋友送他的花会枯死。 3.否定形式：-ing 形式的否定式常在其⑲_________加 not / never。 Not _________ (know) his address, I could do nothing but stay at home and wait. Not _________ (receive) his father’s letter, he decided to make a call to him. 4.独立主格：当分词的⑳_________与主句主语不一致时，用“名词 / 代词 + 分词”构成独立主格结构。 Weather _________ (permit), we’ll go for an outing tomorrow.（= If weather permits...） 天气允许的话，我们明天去郊游。 The meeting _________ (be) over, the students went out of the hall. 会议结束后，学生们走出了礼堂 ⚠️概念辨析 动三种“带主语与否”的结构 ① 分词作状语：逻辑主语 = 主句主语（Seen from the hill, the city looks beautiful.） ② 连词 + 分词：省略从句主语和 be 动词（When heated, water turns into steam.） ③ 独立主格：自带逻辑主语，与主句主语不同（Weather permitting, we’ll go out.） 考点四 高考易混点突破 1. (only) to do 作结果状语表示㉑_________的结果；(thus) doing 作结果状语表示㉒_________的结果。 His parents died in the war, _________ (leave) him an orphan. 他的父母死于战争，使他成了孤儿。（自然结果） He rushed to the train station, only _________ (find) the train had gone. 他冲到火车站，却发现火车已经开走了。（意外结果） 2.doing 作伴随状语 vs to do 作目的状语：同一动词，形式取决于它和谓语动词的关系。 ① The secretary worked late into the night, _________ (prepare) a long speech.（伴随） ② The secretary worked late into the night _________ (prepare) a long speech.（目的） 3.感官动词（taste, feel, smell 等）作系动词时没有被动语态，常用㉓_________作定语或状语。 _________ (taste) delicious, the apples sell well. 这些苹果尝起来很美味，卖得很好。 _________ (smell) sweet, the flowers attracted the visitors to the beauty of nature. 这些花闻起来很香，吸引游客去感受自然之美。 4.非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语原则上应与㉔_________保持一致（避免悬垂分词）。 Faced with a bill for $10,000, John has taken an extra job.（√） While watching television, we heard the doorbell ring.（√） 5.某些过去分词已形容词化，用于系表结构，此时不表被动也不表完成，而表示一种㉕_________。常见的有 lost, seated, hidden, absorbed, dressed, tired, excited 等。 Absorbed _________his book, he didn’t notice me enter the room. 他沉迷于书本，没注意到我进了房间。 _________ (dress) in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor. 穿着白色制服，他看起来更像厨师而不是医生。 _________ (lose) in the mountains for a week, we were finally saved by the local police. 在山里迷路一周后，我们终于被当地警方救出。 ⚠️易混易错 “be + 过去分词 + 介词”构成的系表结构，作状语时直接用过去分词，不要误判为被动： be faced with → Faced with；be lost in → Lost in；be dressed in → Dressed in；be absorbed in → Absorbed in；be compared with → Compared with ⚠️记忆口诀 结果状语——“意料之中用 doing，出乎意料 only to do”；系表结构——“ed + 介词表状态，不表被动记心怀” 高考真题（限时：10分钟） 1.（2025年北京卷）When ____17____ (travel), we engage with cultures and experiences. 2.（2025年1月浙江卷）Tanya’s shop offers fashion clothes for women ____60____ (rent) rather than purchase them outright, providing a less expensive ____61____ (solve) to one-time event dressing. ... “I really want to make this work for ____64 ____ (people) lives today, and I know that doesn’t always mean _____65_____ (return) a dress on the Monday after a special weekend,” she says. 3.（2024新课标ⅠⅠ卷）__44___ (recall)watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard III in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said, “It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language ____45____ see how Tang’s play was being performed.” 4.（2024北京卷） Just then, some kids ran at him, ___19___ (knock) his books out of his arms. His glasses went flying and landed in the grass. 5.（2025年全国二卷） If you’ve never experienced the “sunshine scent” from a sheet or shirt ____45____ (leave) to sun for a day, well, you’re missing out on one of life’s wonders. 6.（2025年全国二卷） Growing up, my family and our neighbors never used clotheslines to dry clothing, denying me the chance ____42____ (discover) one of the great wonders of sunshine — the sweet “sunshine scent” after sunning clothes for an entire day. ... 基础固本练（限时：15分钟） 一、用所给词的适当形式填空。 1. The report ________ (publish) next Monday has been revised three times, so it is expected to be far more convincing. 2. With so many problems ________ (settle), the newly elected committee could hardly spare a moment for the celebration party. 3. The scientist, ________ (devote) to his research for over three decades, finally saw the method accepted by the whole field. 4. ________ (compare) with the figures of last year, the data collected in the past six months show a steady decline in energy consumption. 5. Having ________ (warn) of the coming storm, the villagers had already gathered the crops on the hillside. 6. The old man sat in the corner, his eyes ________ (fix) on the photo hanging on the wall. 7. There seemed nothing ________ (do) but wait, for the only road leading to the town had been blocked by the flood. 8. She was the first woman ________ (elect) to the board, and the last to leave the meeting room that night. 9. ________ (absorb) in his book, he didn't notice the guests waiting for him at the table. 10. The project, ________ (launch) two years ago, has benefited thousands of farmers in the region. 二、句型转换 1. Because he was tired out after the long journey, he fell asleep at once.（改为分词短语作状语） ________ ________ after the long journey, he fell asleep at once. 2. Having finished all his homework, Tom went out to play football.（改为状语从句） ________ he ________ ________ all his homework, Tom went out to play football. 3. The woman who is standing under the tree is our new English teacher.（改为非谓语短语作定语） The woman ________ under the tree is our new English teacher. 4. The bridge which was built last year has become a landmark of the city.（改为非谓语短语作定语） The bridge ________ last year has become a landmark of the city. 5. The meeting which will be held tomorrow is very important.（改为非谓语短语作定语） The meeting ________ ________ ________ tomorrow is very important. 6. The students sitting in the front row are from Class Three.（改为定语从句） The students ________ ________ ________ in the front row are from Class Three. 7. The house built of stone belongs to my grandfather.（改为定语从句） The house ________ ________ ________ of stone belongs to my grandfather. 8. If weather permits, we will go for an outing tomorrow.（改为独立主格结构） Weather ________, we will go for an outing tomorrow. 9. Because the homework had been finished, the children were allowed to watch TV.（改为独立主格结构） The homework ________ ________ ________, the children were allowed to watch TV. 10. Seen from the top of the hill, the small town looks like a beautiful garden.（改为状语从句） ________ ________ ________ ________from the top of the hill, the small town looks like a beautiful garden. 综合进阶练（限时：15分钟） 一、语法填空 （注意分析文章中非谓语动词充当什么成分）（2026全国II卷） My first time doing tai chi For the first 15 minutes of my tai chi (太极) class, we remain ____56____ (entire) in one spot to warm up. Angela, a tai chi ____57____ (instruct) with twenty-eight years of experience, says that a successful hour of tai chi is an hour with no negative thoughts. “Your mind ____58____ body go together. That’s all that matters.” Although not a morning person, I begin my lesson with Angela and about twenty others at a Sydney community centre courtyard at 7 am. “Put your ____59____ (foot) parallel (平行), and use your dan tian to hold up your body,” she says. In tai chi, the dan tian is your qi core and qi in Chinese means life force. Now, I ____60____ (suppose) to feel the weight on my legs and sink my dan tian. We move on to tai chi positions, of ____61____ there are forty-two in the style that Angela teaches. Today, we will only be doing the first nine. The movements have ____62____ (describe) names like “holding the bowl” and “grabbing the bird’s tail.” During most of the class, we follow Angela and concentrate on making tiny, isolated (单独) movements. Then, Angela gets us to try the nine movements on our own. I keep my eyes ____63____ a woman to my right and try to copy her movements, but unfortunately I soon lose focus. At the end of the lesson, I feel wide awake, despite it still ____64____ (be) early at 8 am. It’s time for my dan tian ____65____ (meet) another life force: coffee. 二、单句翻译（汉译英，用指定结构） 1. 站在门口的那个人是我的英语老师。（现在分词作定语） ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. 已经做完了作业，他开始打扫房间。（having done 作状语） ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. 他匆匆赶回家，却发现钥匙忘在了办公室。（only to do） ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. 因为从山上往下看，这座城市显得格外美丽。（过去分词作状语） ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. 如果天气允许，我们明天去爬山。（独立主格） ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 非谓语动词（二）（定语、状语） 01 期中考情透视 02 复习目标锚定 03 知识体系构建 04 核心考点精讲 考点一 非谓语动词作定语 / 考点二 非谓语动词作状语（形式与意义） / 考点三 分词作状语与状语从句的转换 / 考点四 高考易混点突破 05 限时分层演练 高考真题 / 基础固本练 / 综合进阶练 本专题核心考点覆盖非谓语动词作定语与作状语两大方向：定语方面集中在不定式表将来、抽象名词与序数词后的不定式、分词作定语的主动 / 被动 / 进行三种区分；状语方面集中在 doing / having done、done / having been done、to do / to be done 三组形式的判断，以及与时间、原因、条件、让步、结果、伴随六类状语从句的转换。命题上常结合语法填空（提示词变形）、句型转换、读后续写与写作句式升级等题型设置情境。本专题属于中等偏上、区分度最大的语法板块，“(only) to do 与 (thus) doing 表结果”“连词 + 分词”“独立主格”“分词逻辑主语须与主句主语一致”是拉开分差的关键点。 识记 牢记非谓语作定语、作状语的六种基本形式（to do / to be done、doing / having done、done / having been done）及其含义；熟记不定式作定语的四种常见情形。 理解 辨析 doing 与 having done、done 与 having been done 的时间先后；区分 (only) to do 与 (thus) doing 作结果状语；理解独立主格与“连词 + 分词”的构成条件。 应用 能按“析句式 → 找逻辑主语 → 辨主被动 → 判时间先后”四步解题；能在写作中把状语从句改写为分词短语，提升句式层次。 考点一 非谓语动词作定语 1. 不定式作定语：常表①_________的动作；to be done 表示将来、被动的动作。 You are supposed to take this opportunity to realize your dream. 你应该抓住这个机会去实现你的梦想。 2. 若不定式是不及物动词，它所修饰的名词是地点、工具等，需加相应的②_________。 He had no pen to write with, so he had to borrow one from his neighbour. 他没有钢笔写字，只好向邻居借了一支。 3. 中心词为序数词、最高级、the last、the only 等或被这类词修饰，且中心词是该动作的执行者时，常用③_________作定语。 He is always the first to arrive (arrive) at the school and the last to leave (leave). 他总是第一个到校、最后一个离校。 4. 被修饰词是抽象名词（ability, chance, idea, hope, wish, fact, excuse, promise, attempt, way 等）时，常用④_________作定语。 The ability to express (express) an idea is as important as the idea itself. 表达想法的能力与想法本身同样重要。 5. 分词作定语（及物动词）：主动关系用⑤_________；被动关系且表正在进行用⑥_________；被动关系且表完成或状态用⑦_________。 The park was full of people enjoying themselves in the sunshine.公园里满是在阳光下享受的人们。 We must keep a secret of the things being discussed here.我们必须对这里正在讨论的事情保密。 The players selected (select) from the whole country are expected to bring us honor. 从全国选拔出来的运动员有望为我们带来荣誉。 6. 分词作定语（不及物动词）：现在分词表示动作⑧；过去分词只表示一个动作⑨_________，不表被动。 falling leaves（正在下落的叶子）→ fallen leaves（落叶） ⚠️避坑指南 判断作定语的形式，只看它与所修饰名词的关系，不看句子主语。如 the things being discussed（正在被讨论的事）中，things 是“被讨论”，且正在进行，故用 being discussed，不能用 discussed。 考点二 非谓语动词作状语（形式与意义） 1. doing / having done 作状语：句子主语与非谓语动词之间为⑩_________关系；having done 强调动作发生在主句谓语动词⑪_________。 Seeing (see) the Earth from space, the astronaut was amazed. 从太空看地球，宇航员很震惊。 The lawyer listened with full attention, trying (try) not to miss any point. 律师全神贯注地听着，尽量不漏掉任何一点。 Not having received (receive) a reply, he decided to write again. 因为没有收到回信，他决定再写一封。 2. done / having been done 作状语：句子主语与非谓语动词之间为⑫_________关系；having been done 发生在主句谓语动词之前。 Seen (see) from the top of the mountain, the city looks beautiful. 从山顶看，这座城市很美。 Compared (compare) with those who lived in the slums, children here are really lucky. 与住在贫民窟的孩子相比，这里的孩子真的很幸运。 Having been shown (show) around the Water Cube, we were then taken to see the Bird’s Nest. 被带着参观完水立方后，我们又被带去看鸟巢。 3. to do / to be done 作状语：主要作⑬_________状语，也可作原因状语和结果状语；作结果状语时常表示令人意外的结果，常用 only to（⑭_________）、enough to、too...to...、so / such...as to... 等结构。 Not to fail (not fail) the examination, all the students are studying hard. 为了考试不挂科，所有学生都在努力学习。 He hurried to the station, only to be told (tell) that the train had left. 他匆匆赶到车站，却被告知火车已经开走了。 I feel greatly honored to be welcomed (welcome) into their society. 能被欢迎加入他们的团体，我深感荣幸。 ⚠️记忆口诀 “主动用 doing，被动用 done，先于谓语加 having，目的将来 to do 顶；否定形式加 not，放在分词最前头。” ⚠️避坑指南 句中已有并列连词（but, and）时，另一分句必须用谓语形式，不能用分词。 He was told many times, but he still couldn’t understand it. Having been told many times, he still couldn’t understand it. 考点三 分词作状语与状语从句的转换 1. 主动且同时发生 → 用⑮_________；先于主句发生 → 用⑯_________；从句谓语为被动 → 用⑰_________。 状语从句 改写为非谓语动词作状语 状语类型 When they heard the news, they jumped with joy.  Hearing (hear) the news, they jumped with joy. 时间 After he had returned home, he began to work.  Having returned (return) home, he began to work. 时间（先于主句） Because he was ill, he couldn’t go to school.  Being (be) ill, he couldn’t go to school. 原因 If you work harder, you will make greater progress. Working (work) harder, you will make greater progress. 条件 Although they felt very tired, they kept running. Feeling (feel) very tired, they kept running. 让步 After they were sent to the zoo, the monkeys had good health. Sent (send) to the zoo, the monkeys had good health. 时间（被动） 2.连词 + 分词：为使状语含义更明确，可在分词前加上适当的⑱_________（when, while, once, if, unless, though 等）。 Once used（used） (use), the car will never be sold again.（= Once it is used...）一旦被使用过，这辆车就再也卖不出去了。 The flowers his friend gave him will die unless watered (water) every day. 除非每天浇水，否则朋友送他的花会枯死。 3.否定形式：-ing 形式的否定式常在其⑲_________加 not / never。 Not knowing (know) his address, I could do nothing but stay at home and wait. Not having received (receive) his father’s letter, he decided to make a call to him. 4.独立主格：当分词的⑳_________与主句主语不一致时，用“名词 / 代词 + 分词”构成独立主格结构。 Weather permitting (permit), we’ll go for an outing tomorrow.（= If weather permits...） 天气允许的话，我们明天去郊游。 The meeting being (be) over, the students went out of the hall. 会议结束后，学生们走出了礼堂 ⚠️概念辨析 动三种“带主语与否”的结构 ① 分词作状语：逻辑主语 = 主句主语（Seen from the hill, the city looks beautiful.） ② 连词 + 分词：省略从句主语和 be 动词（When heated, water turns into steam.） ③ 独立主格：自带逻辑主语，与主句主语不同（Weather permitting, we’ll go out.） 考点四 高考易混点突破 1. (only) to do 作结果状语表示㉑_________的结果；(thus) doing 作结果状语表示㉒_________的结果。 His parents died in the war, leaving (leave) him an orphan. 他的父母死于战争，使他成了孤儿。（自然结果） He rushed to the train station, only to find (find) the train had gone. 他冲到火车站，却发现火车已经开走了。（意外结果） 2.doing 作伴随状语 vs to do 作目的状语：同一动词，形式取决于它和谓语动词的关系。 ① The secretary worked late into the night, preparing (prepare) a long speech.（伴随） ② The secretary worked late into the night to prepare (prepare) a long speech.（目的） 3.感官动词（taste, feel, smell 等）作系动词时没有被动语态，常用㉓_________作定语或状语。 Tasting (taste) delicious, the apples sell well. 这些苹果尝起来很美味，卖得很好。 Smelling (smell) sweet, the flowers attracted the visitors to the beauty of nature. 这些花闻起来很香，吸引游客去感受自然之美。 4.非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语原则上应与㉔_________保持一致（避免悬垂分词）。 Faced with a bill for $10,000, John has taken an extra job.（√） While watching television, we heard the doorbell ring.（√） 5.某些过去分词已形容词化，用于系表结构，此时不表被动也不表完成，而表示一种㉕_________。常见的有 lost, seated, hidden, absorbed, dressed, tired, excited 等。 Absorbed in his book, he didn’t notice me enter the room. 他沉迷于书本，没注意到我进了房间。 Dressed (dress) in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor. 穿着白色制服，他看起来更像厨师而不是医生。 Lost (lose) in the mountains for a week, we were finally saved by the local police. 在山里迷路一周后，我们终于被当地警方救出。 ⚠️易混易错 “be + 过去分词 + 介词”构成的系表结构，作状语时直接用过去分词，不要误判为被动： be faced with → Faced with；be lost in → Lost in；be dressed in → Dressed in；be absorbed in → Absorbed in；be compared with → Compared with ⚠️记忆口诀 结果状语——“意料之中用 doing，出乎意料 only to do”；系表结构——“ed + 介词表状态，不表被动记心怀” 【参考答案】 考点一：① 将来　② 介词　③ 不定式（to do）　④ 不定式（to do）　⑤ 现在分词（-ing）　⑥ being + 过去分词　⑦ 过去分词（-ed）　⑧ 正在进行　⑨ 完成 考点二：⑩ 主动　⑪ 之前　⑫ 被动　⑬ 目的　⑭ 不料 / 出乎意料 考点三：⑮ 现在分词一般式（doing）　⑯ having done　⑰ 过去分词（done）　⑱ 连词　⑲ 前面　⑳ 逻辑主语 考点四：㉑ 出乎意料（意料之外）　㉒ 自然结果（意料之中）　㉓ 现在分词（-ing）　㉔ 主句主语　㉕ 状态 高考真题（限时：10分钟） 1.（2025年北京卷）When ____17____ (travel), we engage with cultures and experiences. 【答案】traveling 【解析】考查非谓语动词之现在分词作状语。句意：旅行时，我们接触不同文化和体验不同经历。句子主语“we”与“travel”之间是主动关系，用现在分词，构成“when+现在分词”的状语从句省略结构。故填traveling。 2.（2025年1月浙江卷）Tanya’s shop offers fashion clothes for women ____60____ (rent) rather than purchase them outright, providing a less expensive ____61____ (solve) to one-time event dressing. ... “I really want to make this work for ____64 ____ (people) lives today, and I know that doesn’t always mean _____65_____ (return) a dress on the Monday after a special weekend,” she says. 【答案】60. to rent 61. solution 64. people’s  65. returning 【解析】60. to rent 考查非谓语动词。“for sb to do sth”是不定式的复合结构，此处表示 “供女性租用”，故填to rent。 61. solution 考查词性转换。形容词expensive后接名词，故填 solution。 64. people’s 考查名词所有格。根据句意，Tanya真的想让这适用于今天人们的生活。由此可知这里应该使用名词所有格形式，故填 people's。 65. returning 考查非谓语动词。因mean doing sth（意味着做某事）是固定搭配，故填returning。 3.（2024新课标ⅠⅠ卷）__44___ (recall)watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard III in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said, “It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language ____45____ see how Tang’s play was being performed.” 【答案】44. Recalling 45. and 【解析】44.考查非谓语动词。句意：回忆起几年前在上海观看莎士比亚戏剧《理查三世》的中国版，并遇见前来斯特拉特福德表演《牡丹亭》部分片段的中国演员时，Edmondson说：“听到中文，看到汤显祖的戏剧是如何被表演的，非常激动人心。”非谓语动词担当状语，主语“Edmondson”和动词“recall”之间为主动关系，用现在分词形式担当状语；出现在句首，首字母大写。故填Recalling。 45. 考查连词。句意：回忆起几年前在上海观看莎士比亚戏剧《理查三世》的中国版，并遇见前来斯特拉特福德表演《牡丹亭》部分片段的中国演员时，Edmondson说：“听到中文，看到汤显祖的戏剧是如何被表演的，非常激动人心。”空前“hear the Chinese language”和空后“see how Tang’s play was being performed”为并列结构，用and连接。故填and。 4.（2024北京卷） Just then, some kids ran at him, ___19___ (knock) his books out of his arms. His glasses went flying and landed in the grass. 【答案】knocking 【解析】 考查非谓语动词。句意：就在这时，一些孩子朝他跑来，把他的书从他怀里撞了出来。句中已有谓语ran，空处作非谓语动词，knock与逻辑主语some kids之间是主动关系，应用现在分词形式knocking作状语。故填knocking。 5.（2025年全国二卷） If you’ve never experienced the “sunshine scent” from a sheet or shirt ____45____ (leave) to sun for a day, well, you’re missing out on one of life’s wonders. 【答案】left 【解析】考查非谓语动词之过去分词作定语。句意：如果你从未体验过在阳光下晾晒了一整天的床单或衬衫散发的“阳光的味道”，那么你就错过了生活中的一大奇观。本句已有谓语have experienced，此处应用非谓语动词，a sheet or shirt和leave“使处于某种状态”之间是逻辑动宾关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语。故填left。 6.（2025年全国二卷） Growing up, my family and our neighbors never used clotheslines to dry clothing, denying me the chance ____42____ (discover) one of the great wonders of sunshine — the sweet “sunshine scent” after sunning clothes for an entire day. ... 【答案】to discover 【解析】考查非谓语动词之不定式作定语。句意：在我的成长过程中，我的家人和邻居从不使用晾衣绳晾晒衣物，这让我没有机会发现阳光的奇妙之处之一——将衣服晒了一整天后散发的甜美的“阳光的味道”。本句已有谓语used，此处应用非谓语动词， chance to do sth.“做某事的机会”,本空用discover的不定式，作定语。故填to discover。 基础固本练（限时：15分钟） 一、用所给词的适当形式填空。 1. The report ________ (publish) next Monday has been revised three times, so it is expected to be far more convincing. 【答案】to be published 【详解】句中 next Monday 表将来，且 report 与 publish 是被动关系，故用不定式的一般式被动 to be published 作定语。若只看到“被动”就填 published，就会忽略“将来”这一时间线索——这正是形式题与语境题的分水岭。 2. With so many problems ________ (settle), the newly elected committee could hardly spare a moment for the celebration party. 【答案】to settle 【详解】with 复合结构中，problems 是 settle 的逻辑宾语，不定式 to settle 作定语，主动形式表被动含义（= to be settled），表示“要解决的问题”。 3. The scientist, ________ (devote) to his research for over three decades, finally saw the method accepted by the whole field. 【答案】devoted 【详解】be devoted to 表示“致力于”，此处作定语修饰 scientist，去掉 be 后用过去分词 devoted。判断依据是固定搭配与被动状态，而非单纯“主动/被动”。 4. ________ (compare) with the figures of last year, the data collected in the past six months show a steady decline in energy consumption. 【答案】Compared 【详解】compare with 作状语时，逻辑主语 data 与 compare 是被动关系，故用过去分词 Compared。注意不要误填 Comparing——要看状语逻辑主语是谁。 5. Having ________ (warn) of the coming storm, the villagers had already gathered the crops on the hillside. 【答案】been warned 【详解】warn 与逻辑主语 the villagers 是被动关系，且动作发生在主句谓语之前（先被告知、后收庄稼），故用现在分词的完成被动式 having been warned。两个线索（被动+先后）缺一不可。 6. The old man sat in the corner, his eyes ________ (fix) on the photo hanging on the wall. 【答案】fixed 【详解】独立主格结构，逻辑主语 his eyes 与 fix 是被动关系（eyes 被固定在照片上），故用过去分词 fixed。本题考查独立主格中主动与被动的判断。 7. There seemed nothing ________ (do) but wait, for the only road leading to the town had been blocked by the flood. 【答案】to do 【详解】there be 结构中，nothing to do 表示“无事可做”，不定式作定语修饰 nothing。此处用主动式，注意与 nothing to be done（强调“必须被做”）的区别。 8. She was the first woman ________ (elect) to the board, and the last to leave the meeting room that night. 【答案】to be elected 【详解】序数词 first 后接不定式作定语；woman 与 elect 是被动关系，故用不定式被动 to be elected。此处不定式表示将来/待发生的动作，不表示“已被选出”。 9. ________ (absorb) in his book, he didn't notice the guests waiting for him at the table. 【答案】Absorbed 【详解】be absorbed in 表示“全神贯注于”，作状语时去掉 be 用过去分词 Absorbed。此处是状态而非被动动作，是分词状语的一个易错点。 10. The project, ________ (launch) two years ago, has benefited thousands of farmers in the region. 【答案】launched 【详解】launch 与 project 是被动关系，且 two years ago 表已完成，故用过去分词 launched 作定语。短短一个空同时考查被动与完成两条线索。 二、句型转换 1. Because he was tired out after the long journey, he fell asleep at once.（改为分词短语作状语） ________ ________ after the long journey, he fell asleep at once. 【答案】Tired out 【详解】考查状语从句转分词。句意：长途旅行后他筋疲力尽，马上就睡着了。原句为 because 引导的原因状语从句，主语 he 与主句主语一致，可省略连词与主语，将谓语改为分词。be tired out 是"be + 过去分词 + 副词"的系表结构，表示状态，作状语时直接用过去分词 Tired out（不用 Being tired out）。故填 Tired out。 2. Having finished all his homework, Tom went out to play football.（改为状语从句） ________ he ________ ________ all his homework, Tom went out to play football. 【答案】After；had finished 【详解】考查分词短语转状语从句。句意：做完所有作业后，汤姆出去踢足球了。Having finished 是现在分词的完成式，表示该动作发生在主句谓语 went 之前且为主动关系，可还原为 after 引导的时间状语从句。从句动作先于主句，应用过去完成时 had finished。故填 After；had finished。 3. The woman who is standing under the tree is our new English teacher.（改为非谓语短语作定语） The woman ________ under the tree is our new English teacher. 【答案】standing 【详解】考查定语从句转非谓语。句意：站在树下的那位女士是我们的新英语老师。原句 who is standing 是定语从句，先行词 the woman 与 stand 之间是主动关系，且表示正在进行的动作，可省略关系词和 be 动词，改为现在分词短语作后置定语，即 standing under the tree。故填 standing。 4. The bridge which was built last year has become a landmark of the city.（改为非谓语短语作定语） The bridge ________ last year has become a landmark of the city. 【答案】built 【详解】考查定语从句转非谓语。句意：去年建成的那座桥已成为这座城市的地标。原句 which was built 是定语从句，先行词 The bridge 与 build 之间是被动关系，动作已完成，可省略关系词和 be 动词，改为过去分词短语作后置定语，即 built last year。故填 built。 5. The meeting which will be held tomorrow is very important.（改为非谓语短语作定语） The meeting ________ ________ ________ tomorrow is very important. 【答案】to be held 【详解】考查定语从句转非谓语。句意：明天将举行的会议非常重要。原句 which will be held 表示将来的被动动作，改为非谓语时应用不定式的被动式 to be done 作后置定语。故填 to be held。 6. The students sitting in the front row are from Class Three.（改为定语从句） The students ________ ________ ________ in the front row are from Class Three. 【答案】who / that are sitting 【详解】考查非谓语转定语从句。句意：坐在前排的学生来自三班。sitting in the front row 是现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰 The students，表示主动、正在进行，可还原为定语从句 who / that are sitting in the front row。故填 who / that are sitting。 7. The house built of stone belongs to my grandfather.（改为定语从句） The house ________ ________ ________ of stone belongs to my grandfather. 【答案】which / that is built 【详解】考查非谓语转定语从句。句意：那座用石头砌成的房子属于我祖父。built of stone 是过去分词短语作后置定语，与先行词 The house 是被动关系，可还原为定语从句 which / that is built of stone。故填 which / that is built。 8. If weather permits, we will go for an outing tomorrow.（改为独立主格结构） Weather ________, we will go for an outing tomorrow. 【答案】permitting 【详解】考查状语从句转独立主格。句意：如果天气允许，我们明天去郊游。原句为 if 引导的条件状语从句，从句主语 weather 与主句主语 we 不一致，不能用普通分词短语，须用"名词 + 分词"构成独立主格结构。permit 与 weather 是主动关系，故用现在分词 permitting。故填 permitting。 9. Because the homework had been finished, the children were allowed to watch TV.（改为独立主格结构） The homework ________ ________ ________, the children were allowed to watch TV. 【答案】having been finished 【详解】考查状语从句转独立主格。句意：因为作业已经完成，孩子们被允许看电视。从句主语 the homework 与主句主语 the children 不一致，须用独立主格。homework 与 finish 是被动关系，且动作先于主句谓语，应用现在分词的完成被动式 having been finished。故填 having been finished。 10. Seen from the top of the hill, the small town looks like a beautiful garden.（改为状语从句） ________ ________ ________ ________from the top of the hill, the small town looks like a beautiful garden. 【答案】When it is seen / If it is seen 【详解】考查分词短语转状语从句。句意：从山顶上看，这座小镇宛如一座美丽的花园。Seen from... 是过去分词短语作状语，表示时间或条件。由于分词逻辑主语 the small town 与主句主语一致，可直接补出连词与主语；town 与 see 为被动关系，用被动语态。可还原为 When it is seen 或 If it is seen。故填 When it is seen（或 If it is seen）。 综合进阶练（限时：15分钟） 一、语法填空 （注意分析文章中非谓语动词充当什么成分）（2026全国II卷） My first time doing tai chi For the first 15 minutes of my tai chi (太极) class, we remain ____56____ (entire) in one spot to warm up. Angela, a tai chi ____57____ (instruct) with twenty-eight years of experience, says that a successful hour of tai chi is an hour with no negative thoughts. “Your mind ____58____ body go together. That’s all that matters.” Although not a morning person, I begin my lesson with Angela and about twenty others at a Sydney community centre courtyard at 7 am. “Put your ____59____ (foot) parallel (平行), and use your dan tian to hold up your body,” she says. In tai chi, the dan tian is your qi core and qi in Chinese means life force. Now, I ____60____ (suppose) to feel the weight on my legs and sink my dan tian. We move on to tai chi positions, of ____61____ there are forty-two in the style that Angela teaches. Today, we will only be doing the first nine. The movements have ____62____ (describe) names like “holding the bowl” and “grabbing the bird’s tail.” During most of the class, we follow Angela and concentrate on making tiny, isolated (单独) movements. Then, Angela gets us to try the nine movements on our own. I keep my eyes ____63____ a woman to my right and try to copy her movements, but unfortunately I soon lose focus. At the end of the lesson, I feel wide awake, despite it still ____64____ (be) early at 8 am. It’s time for my dan tian ____65____ (meet) another life force: coffee. 【答案】56. entirely 57. instructor 58. and 59. feet 60. am supposed 61. which 62. descriptive 63. on 64. being 65. to meet 【导语】文章主要讲述作者首次清晨跟随老师体验太极课程的经历与感悟。 56.考查副词。句意：太极课的前十五分钟，我们全程待在原地热身。本空修饰动词remain，作状语，用副词entirely“完全地，全程地”。 57.考查名词。句意：拥有二十八年经验的太极老师安吉拉说，一节圆满的太极课是无杂念的一课。本空为指代人Angela的同位语，用名词instructor“教练，老师”。 58.考查连词。句意：你的身心合一。本空连接并列名词mind和body，用并列连词and。 59.考查名词复数。句意：她说：“双脚平行站立，用丹田支撑身体。”foot为可数名词，此处指双脚，用复数形式feet作宾语。 60.考查固定搭配和时态。句意：现在，我应该感受双腿受力，并将意念集中于丹田。固定搭配be supposed to do“应该做某事”，主语为I，描述现在的状态，用一般现在时，be动词用am。 61.考查定语从句。句意：我们继续学习太极招式，安吉拉教授的这种风格共有四十二式。逗号后为非限制性定语从句，先行词positions，在从句中作介词of的宾语，用关系代词which。 62.考查形容词。句意：这些招式有着形象生动的名字，如“捧碗”和“揽雀尾”。本空修饰名词names，作定语，用形容词descriptive“描绘性的，形象的”。 63.考查介词。句意：我盯着右边的一位女士，试图模仿她的动作，但不幸的是，我很快就走神了。固定搭配keep one’s eyes on sb./sth.“紧盯某人/某物”，本空用介词on。 64.考查非谓语动词。句意：课程结束时才早上八点，天色尚早，我却感觉十分清醒。despite为介词，后接动名词作宾语，be的动名词形式为being。 65.考查非谓语动词。句意：是时候让我的丹田迎接另一股活力——咖啡。固定句型It’s time for sth to do sth.“是某物做某事的时间了”，本空用不定式to meet。 二、单句翻译（汉译英，用指定结构） 1. 站在门口的那个人是我的英语老师。（现在分词作定语） ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. 已经做完了作业，他开始打扫房间。（having done 作状语） ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. 他匆匆赶回家，却发现钥匙忘在了办公室。（only to do） ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. 因为从山上往下看，这座城市显得格外美丽。（过去分词作状语） ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. 如果天气允许，我们明天去爬山。（独立主格） ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 1. The man standing at the door is my English teacher.　 2. Having finished his homework, he began to clean the room.　 3. He hurried home, only to find his keys left in the office.　 4. Seen from the hill, the city looks especially beautiful.　 5. Weather permitting, we’ll climb the mountain tomorrow. 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $