Unit 4 Grammar讲义 2026-2027学年译林版英语八年级上册

第14讲 Unit4 Hands-on fun (Grammar-Imperative sentences&Using should and had better) 语法精讲（祈使句） 定义：当我们向他人发出命令、提出要求或建议时，常使用祈使句。 · 祈使句的肯定形式以动词原形开头，其否定形式通常是在动词原形前加do not / don’t； Be quiet, please! Don’t be late again! · 为了显得更为客气和礼貌，我们常在祈使句中加上please。当please用在句末时，常用逗 号与其余部分隔开。 Please pass me the ball. Open the window, please. · 句型“Let’s ...”表示说话人向对方提出建议。 Let’s visit Nanjing Museum first! · 小试牛刀（选择合适的单词完成句子） cut draw give keep look try write 1. ___________ cards out of pieces of paper with a pair of scissors. 2. ___________ some words or a sentence on each card. 3. ___________ a picture to show the words or sentence on the other side of the card. 4. ___________ at the picture and __________ to say what is on the other side. 5. Please __________(not) up. _________ trying and you will find you can remember things better. 语法精讲（用should和had better提建议） 定义：当我们给他人提建议时，可以用should和had better，表示“应该”或“最好”做某事。 You had better water the flowers as soon as possible. All of us should take part in this activity. 注意： · had better语气比should强一些。 · had better中的had常缩略为’d。如：We’d better leave before it rains. · should和had better的否定形式是：should not / ___________和____________。 如：你最好现在不要弹钢琴。_____________________________ · 小试牛刀（用should (not)或had better (not)造句） a. begin your work without reading them b. join a DIY club to learn more about it c. read them slowly and carefully d. be patient e. be careful when you use it f. buy some to learn more about it g. play with them when you do DIY jobs 1. There are many useful books about DIY. ____________________________________________ 2. DIY is not always easy. ____________________________________________ 3. Instructions are important. ____________________________________________ 4. Scissors can be dangerous. ____________________________________________ 5. Sometimes it takes time to do a DIY job. ____________________________________________ 6. Glue can hurt your skin and eyes. ____________________________________________ 7. Instructions can be difficult to understand. ____________________________________________ 第14讲 Unit4 Hands-on fun (Word power-The prefixes un-, in- and im-) 定义：“un-”是形容词最常用的前缀之一，意思是“不”。我们将其加在一些形容词前，使它们产生相反的意思。我们还可以使用一些其他前缀，如“in-”和“im-”，来构成具有相反意思的新形容词。 形容词 前缀 （新）形容词 形容词 前缀 （新）形容词 lucky un- ___________ usual un- ___________ correct in- ___________ complete in- ___________ possible im- ___________ polite im- ___________ · 小试牛刀（给下列单词加上合适的前缀，使它们具有相反的意思） 1. interesting ______________ 2. sure ______________ 3. able ______________ 4. friendly ______________ 5. active ______________ 6. patient ______________ 7. expensive ______________ 8. perfect ______________ · 小试牛刀（从方框中选择单词，并为其加上合适的前缀，填入空白处） correct tidy usual possible patient 1. Simon: Do you spend much time doing DIY, Nora? Nora: Yes, I do! It’s _____________ to find me without a DIY job to do. What about you? Simon: I’m not a fan of DIY because I’m too ____________. Nora: Oh yes, It’s ___________ to finish a DIY job if you are not patient. 2. Mum: Suzy, your room is really ___________ —things are all over the floor. Suzy: Sorry, Mum. I’ll tidy up soon. It seems some of the answers in my homework are ________. I’m looking for my textbooks to check. 习题精练 一、单项选择 ( )1. Look carefully, and you ________ the difference between the two pictures. A. find B. found C. will find D. have found ( )2. _________ late for the speech about modern role models. A. Not be B. Don’t be C. No being D. Don’t ( )3. Study hard, __________ you will catch up with your friends. A. and B. but C. or D. so ( )4. Lily is tired now because she _______ late to finish her homework last night. Don’t _______, please. A. put up; wake up her B. stays up; wake her up C. stayed up; wake her up D. stayed up; woke her up ( )5. Close your eyes and _________ before blowing out birthday candles. A. make a wish B. makes a wish C. making a wish D. to make a wish ( )6. Work in groups. ________ a dish you want to make and do research on it. A. Choose B. To choose C. Choosing D. Chose ( )7. My dear son, never ________ with your mouth open and make noise while eating. A. eats B. is eating C. eat D. ate ( )8. Things in China changes so fast. Stay a month ______ you will have enough material for a book. A. whether B. but C. or D. and ( )9. If something is important enough for you, it’s worth doing well, so ________ to study for the coming challenge. A. go out of your way B. trying your best C. to make an effort D. to try your best ( )10. —Sorry, Mr Brown. I ________ my homework at home yesterday. —It doesn’t matter! Don’t __________ to bring it tomorrow. A. leave; forget B. left; forgot C. left; forget D. forgot; forgot ( )11. —Don’t tell anyone about this, Kitty. —OK, __________. I’ll keep it __________. A. I will; for me B. I won’t; to myself C. I will; to myself D. I won’t; for me ( )12. Boys and girls, please stop ________ and _______ to me. I have some good news for you. A. talking; listen B. to talk; to listen C. talking; listening D. to talk; listening ( )13. Don’t _________ such a hurry. It isn’t time _______ the exam papers yet. A. be in; to give out B. in; for giving out C. in; to give out D. /; to give out ( )14. There is a new pair of shoes of yours _______ at the bottom of the wardrobe. Go and _____ them here on the shelf. A. lying; lay B. laying; lie C. lies; laid D. lying; lie ( )15. Which of the following sentences is correct? A. If it will rain tomorrow, we can’t go for a picnic. B. Please don’t tell others. It is a secret between us. C. It’s dangerous of you to go out for a walk in the forest on your own at night. D. Tom has got used to get up early every morning. 二、根据汉语提示，完成句子 1. 第三，别忘记阅读食品包装上的营养信息。这样我们能很好地选择食物。 Third, ________ _______ ________ read the nutritional information on food packaging. Then we can make good food choices. 2. 红灯时请不要横穿马路。 __________ __________ the road when the traffic lights are red. 3. 当你面对危险的时候，请保持冷静。 Please _________ __________ when you are in the face of danger. 4. 早点起床吧，不然你上学可能会迟到。 ___________ __________ early, or you may __________ _________ _________ school. 5. 多好的天气啊！咱们去划船吧。 __________ ________ lovely day! _________ go boating. 三、完形填空 On a cold day, I sat in my car and watched the sea. 1 , I saw some beached (搁浅的) dolphins. It was very 2 for them to be out of water. I knew they needed help. Without thinking too much, I jumped out of my car and ran to the beach. I first called the police 3 they were far away. It was a life-or-death 4 for the dolphins. I didn’t know how to help them, so I 5 a message on the Internet. I hoped someone could see it and come to save those lovely animals. Minutes later, three teenagers from a nearby school came first. It was like light that drove the darkness away. Then more and more people 6 . We decided to save the smaller dolphins first and worked together to move them back to the deeper water successfully. To my surprise, 7 the smaller dolphins were saved, no one of them swam away. They stayed in the water and made strange sounds to help 8 dolphins. After we finished the rescue (援救) work, all the dolphins 9 their heads from water and swam around to show their 10 to us. Then, they swam back to the deep sea. It 11 me a lot and made my heart warm. The dolphins had a 12 of helping each other when there was trouble. I realized that our volunteer group was just 13 the dolphins. On such a cold day, nobody 14 getting wet or dirty. We tried our best to save the dolphins and made sure 15 was safe. People can learn from our friends — animals. I will never forget this experience. ( )1．A．Happily B．Sadly C．Suddenly D．Excitedly ( )2．A．dangerous B．possible C．easy D．necessary ( )3．A．so B．because C．but D．and ( )4．A．hour B．day C．time D．moment ( )5．A．made B．posted C．had D．set ( )6．A．left B．got C．arrived D．moved ( )7．A．after B．before C．until D．unless ( )8．A．others B．other C．the others D．the other ( )9．A．brought B．raised C．took D．carried ( )10．A．worries B．fears C．thanks D．hobbies ( )11．A．moved B．kept C．knew D．learnt ( )12．A．ability B．direction C．praise D．sense ( )13．A．for B．like C．besides D．against ( )14．A．cared about B．suffered from C．showed off D．led to ( )15．A．someone B．no one C．everyone D．none 四、阅读理解 Once upon a time there was a smart man. He went to the sea to do his writing. He had a habit of walking on the beach before he began his work. One day he was walking along the shore. As he looked down the beach, he saw a human figure (人影) moving like a dancer. He smiled to himself at the thought that someone would dance on the beach. So he began to walk faster to catch up. As he got closer, he saw that it was a young man and the young man wasn’t dancing, but instead he was reaching down to the shore, picking up something and very gently throwing it into the ocean. As he got closer he called out, “Good morning! What are you doing?” The young man stopped, looked up and answered, “Throwing starfish (海星) in the sea. ” “I guess I should have asked, why are you throwing starfish in the ocean?” “The sun is up and the tide (潮汐) is going out, and if I don’t throw (扔) them in, they will die!” “But, young man, don’t you realize that there are miles and miles of beach and starfish all along it. You can’t possibly make a difference!” The young man listened quietly, then he bent down, picked another starfish and threw it into the sea, past the breaking waves and said, “It made a difference for that one. ” There is something very special in each and every one of us. We have all been gifted with the ability to make a difference. And if we can know that gift, we will get through the strength (力量) of our ideas of the power to shape (塑形) the future. We must each find our starfish. And if we throw our starfish smartly and well, the world will be better. ( )1. Before he began writing, the smart man would ________. A．take a walk along the shore B．go swimming in the sea C．have a walk and pick up starfish on the beach D．look down the beach and enjoy the scenery ( )2. One day the smart man saw the young man ________. A．dancing along the beach B．walking with a dancer C．trying to save as many starfish as possible D．picking up starfish for sale ( )3. The underlined phrase “something very special” refers to ________. A．the gifts from friends B．the strength of making a decision C．our own starfish D．the ability of shaping one’s own future ( )4. The main idea of the passage is that ________. A．we should protect the creatures (保护生物) in the sea B．everyone can do something for the future C．smart men are sometimes foolish D．young people are cleverer than old people 第 1 页 共 1 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $