知识清单02 必修第一册Unit 3 ～Unit 4 单元词汇短语句型梳理（期中知识清单）高一英语上学期沪教版

知识清单02 必修第一册Unit 3~Unit 4 单元词汇短语句型梳理 📚重点单词 名词(n.)convenience, label, snack, packaging, facility, plastic, container, greenhouse, amount, gas, impact, stress, cattle, diet, yoghurt, image, source, expert, loss, comment, host, pudding, decoration, consumer, groceries, experiment, capability, bomb, goods, petrol, aim, apartment, piano, talent, curtain, data, software, percentage, poster, technique, occasion, style 动词(v.)recycle, determine, link, tend, equal, remind, apologize, prove, establish, permit, assume, survive, disappear, suffer, argue, decrease, gather, download, load, recommend, prefer, arrange, grab 形容词(adj.)global, energy‑efficient, frozen, retired, capable, narrow, definite, upper‑class, intended, time‑honoured 副词(adv.)currently, moreover, actually, unfortunately, immediately, regularly, definitely, extremely, slightly, legally 📋重点短语 1. carbon footprint 碳足迹 2. rubbish dump 垃圾场；废物堆 3. carbon dioxide 二氧化碳 4. put … aside 忽视；不理睬；忘记 5. peanut butter 花生酱 6. baked potato 带皮烤土豆 7. junk food 垃圾食品 8. vending machine 自动售货机 9. pay regard to 注意；关注；关心 10. traffic accident 交通事故 11. hang on 等等 12. take cover 躲避；隐蔽 13. domestic chore 家务琐事 14. to somebody’s credit 使值得赞扬；使受尊重 15. science fiction 科幻小说 16. be attractive to 对……有吸引力 17. be made of 由……制成 18. a large amount of 大量（后接不可数名词） 19. tend to do sth. 往往会做某事 20. remind sb. of sth. 使某人想起某事 📙必备句型 1. A large amount of plastic is being thrown away every day, which has a bad impact on our environment. 每天有大量的塑料被丢弃，这对我们的环境造成很坏的影响。 解析：a large amount of +不可数名词；which引导非限制性定语从句 2. People tend to buy more snacks when they shop online, which increases their daily‑life waste. 人们网购的时候往往购买更多零食，增加了日常生活垃圾。 解析：tend to do；which指代前面整件事情 3. The reason why many people prefer vending machines is that they bring us great convenience. 很多人更喜欢自动售货机的原因是它们给我们带来巨大便利。 解析：why引导定语从句修饰reason；表语从句 4. It is our responsibility to cut down our carbon footprint in our daily life. 在日常生活当中减少我们的碳足迹是我们的责任。 解析：it作形式主语，真正主语为后面的不定式to cut down… 5. The house where my grandparents lived in the 1940s has been kept well up to now. 我祖父母在二十世纪四十年代居住过的房子至今保存完好。 解析：where引导定语从句（关系副词修饰地点先行词） 6. There was a time when families would gather around the piano to enjoy their spare time. 曾经有一段时间一家人会围在钢琴旁边享受闲暇时光。 解析：先行词time，when引导定语从句 7. That is the reason why people are crazy about science‑fiction movies. 那就是人们痴迷于科幻电影的原因。 解析：why引导定语从句修饰先行词reason 8. What impresses me most about the old‑style apartment is that it can bring back sweet memories for the local people. 老式公寓留给我最深的印象是它能够唤起当地人甜蜜的回忆。 解析：what引导主语从句；that引导表语从句 📕单元语法 Unit 3语法：限制性定语从句（关系代词who, whom, which, that, whose） Unit 4语法：限制性定语从句（关系副词when, where, why） ✍单元写作 Unit 3写作：Writing short messages such as invitations and notes（写邀请函、便条等） Unit 4写作：Writing an article to describe a room（写文章描述一间房间） 知识点01 重点词类 1. convenience /kən'viːniəns/ n. ________________________________ 2. label /*'leɪbl/ n. ________________________________ 3. global /'ɡləʊbl/ adj. ________________________________ 4. snack /snæk/ n. ________________________________ 5. packaging /'pækɪdʒɪŋ/ n. ________________________________ 6. recycle /*ˌriː'saɪkl/ v. ________________________________ 7. facility /fə'sɪləti/ n. ________________________________ 8. container /kən'teɪnə(r)/ n. ________________________________ 9. amount /ə'maʊnt/ n. ________________________________ 10. impact /'ɪmpækt/ n. ________________________________ 11. determine /dɪ'tɜːmɪn/ v. ________________________________ 12. stress /stres/ n. ________________________________ 13. teenager /'tiːneɪdʒə(r)/ n. ________________________________ 14. diet /'daɪət/ n. ________________________________ 15. source /sɔːs/ n. ________________________________ 16. expert /'ekspɜːt/ n. ________________________________ 17. tend /tend/ v. ________________________________ 18. equal /'iːkwəl/ adj. ________________________________ 19. apologize /ə'pɒlədʒaɪz/ v. ________________________________ 20. prove /pruːv/ v. ________________________________ 21. establish /*ɪ'stæblɪʃ/ v. ________________________________ 22. permit /pə'mɪt/ v. ________________________________ 23. experiment /ɪk'sperɪmənt/ n. ________________________________ 24. capable /'keɪpəbl/ adj. ________________________________ 25. survive /sə'vaɪv/ v. ________________________________ 26. device /dɪ'vaɪs/ n. ________________________________ 27. immediately /ɪ'miːdiətli/ adv. ________________________________ 28. disappear /ˌdɪsə'pɪə(r)/ v. ________________________________ 29. regularly /'reɡjələli/ adv. ________________________________ 30. recommend /ˌrekə'mend/ v. ________________________________ 31. prefer /prɪ'fɜː(r)/ v. ________________________________ 32. arrange /ə'reɪndʒ/ v. ________________________________ 33. extremely /ɪk'striːmli/ adv. ________________________________ 34. technique /tek'niːk/ n. ________________________________ 35. responsibility /*rɪˌspɒnsə'bɪləti/ n. ________________________________ 知识点02 高频短语 1. ________________________________ 碳足迹 2. ________________________________ 垃圾场；废物堆 3. ________________________________ 二氧化碳 4. ________________________________ 忽视；不理睬；忘记 5. ________________________________ 垃圾食品 6. ________________________________ (出售饮料等的)自动售货机 7. ________________________________ 注意；关注；关心 8. ________________________________ 交通事故 9. ________________________________等等(好像有什么不对或新的情况出现) 10. ________________________________ 躲避；隐蔽 11. ________________________________ 家务琐事 12. ________________________________使值得赞扬；使受尊重 13. ________________________________ 科幻小说(或影片等) 14. ________________________________ 对……有吸引力的 15. ________________________________能够…… (结合capable) 16. ________________________________从……中幸存下来 (结合survive) 17. ________________________________ 比起B更喜欢A (结合prefer) 18. ________________________________宁愿做……而不愿做…… (结合prefer) 19. ________________________________对……负责 (结合responsibility) 20. ________________________________ 因某事向某人道歉 (结合apologize) 知识点03 重点句型 1. tend to do sth 往往会做某事 People ________________________________ a lot of plastic in daily life. 翻译：人们在日常生活中往往会浪费大量塑料。 2. despite + 名词 尽管……（介词） ________________________________the high cost, many people still buy this kind of snack. 翻译：尽管价格高昂，很多人仍然购买这类小吃。 3. remind sb of sth 使某人想起某事 The old photo ________________________________ my happy childhood. 翻译：这张旧照片使我想起了我快乐的童年。 4. be capable of doing sth 有能力做某事 This machine ________________________________waste materials. 翻译：这台机器有能力回收废弃材料。 5. prefer to do A rather than do B 宁愿做A而不愿做B I ________________________________watch junk videos in my spare time. 翻译：在空余时间，我宁愿读书也不愿看垃圾视频。 6. …the amount of +不可数名词 ……的数量 ________________________________carbon dioxide has increased sharply these years. 翻译：这些年二氧化碳的数量急剧增加。 7. on occasion 有时；偶尔（置于句首） ________________________________, we choose to buy food from the vending machine. 翻译：有时候我们选择从自动售货机购买食物。 8. It is + adj. + to do sth（it作形式主语） ________________________________ this new kind of greenhouse. 翻译：使用这种新型温室是节能的。 9. argue that‑从句 提出理由认为…… Some experts ________________________________ we should cut down junk‑food intake. 翻译：一些专家认为我们应该减少垃圾食品的摄入。 10. make it + adj. + for sb to do sth Modern technology ________________________________for people to download all kinds of data. 翻译：现代科技让人们下载各类数据变得更加容易。 知识点04 重点语法 1. 定语从句 (Relative clauses) - 关系代词 (who, whom, which, that, whose) · who/whom: 先行词是人。who作主语，whom作宾语（可省略）。 · The expert who gave us the talk is from a famous university. (作主语) · The teenager (whom) you met yesterday is my cousin. (作宾语) · which: 先行词是物。作主语或宾语（作宾语可省略）。 · The vending machine which sells snacks is over there. (作主语) · that: 先行词是人或物。作主语或宾语（作宾语可省略）。 · This is the best film that I have ever seen. (先行词被最高级修饰，只能用that) · whose: 表示所属关系，指人或物。 · I know a boy whose father is a doctor. 2. 定语从句 (Relative clauses) - 关系副词 (when, where, why) · when: 先行词是表示时间的名词（如time, day, year等），在从句中作时间状语。 · I still remember the day when we first met. (= on which) · where: 先行词是表示地点的名词（如place, house, city等），在从句中作地点状语。 · This is the house where he lived in his childhood. (注意：如果从句缺主语或宾语，则用which/that，如：This is the house which he bought last year.) · why: 先行词是reason，在从句中作原因状语。 · The reason why he was late was that he missed the bus. 3. 构词法：复合名词与形容词 (Compound nouns and adjectives) - Unit 3 & 4 重点 · 复合名词： 如 vending machine (自动售货机), carbon footprint (碳足迹), junk food (垃圾食品), greenhouse (温室)。 · 复合形容词： 如 energy-efficient (节能的), labour-saving (省力的), time-honoured (历史悠久的), upper-class (上流社会的)。 考点01 词类转换 （派生词）— 最高频 1. __________(n. 方便) → __________(adj. 方便的) → __________(adj. 不方便的) 2. __________(adj. 全球的) → __________(adv. 全球性地) → __________(v. 全球化) 3. __________(v. 回收利用) → __________(n. 回收) → __________(adj. 可回收的) 4. ___________________(adj. 节能的) → ____________________ (n. 能源效率) 5. __________(v. 查明；决定) → __________(n. 决心) → __________(adj. 坚决的) 6. __________(n. 压力) → __________(adj. 压力大的) → __________(adj. 感到有压力的) 7. __________(v. 往往会) → __________(n. 趋势；倾向) 8. __________(adj. 相等的) → __________(adv. 平等地) → __________(n. 平等) → __________(v. 等同) 9. __________(v. 道歉) → __________(n. 道歉) 10. __________(n. 消费者) → __________(v. 消耗) → __________(n. 消耗量) 11. __________(v. 证明) → __________(n. 证据) 12. __________(v. 允许) → __________(n. 许可) 13. __________(adj. 有能力的) → __________(n. 能力) → __________(adj. 无能力的) 14. __________(v. 生存) → __________(n. 幸存) → __________(n. 幸存者) 15. __________(v. 消失) → __________(n. 消失) → __________(v. 出现，反义词) 16. __________(v. 遭受) → __________(n. 痛苦) → __________(n. 患者；受苦者) 17. __________(v. 推荐) → __________(n. 推荐) 18. __________(v. 更喜欢) → __________(n. 偏好) 19. __________(n. 责任) → __________(adj. 有责任的) 20. __________(v. 安排；整理) → __________(n. 安排) 考点02 介词填空 — 必考 1. pay regard __________注意；关注；关心 2. put ... __________忽视；不理睬；忘记（把……放在一边） 3. be equal __________与……相等；胜任 4. be ashamed __________为……感到羞愧 5. be capable __________有能力做…… 6. suffer __________遭受（疾病、痛苦等） 7. take cover __________躲避……（常与 from 连用） 8. be attractive __________对……有吸引力的 9. __________somebody's credit 使值得赞扬；使受尊重 10. prefer A __________B 宁愿A而不愿B（注意 to 是介词，后接名词或动名词） 辨析01 amount / number / quantity (数量) 词/词语 用法 例句 amount 修饰不可数名词。 a large amount of water。 number 修饰可数名词。 a large number of students。 quantity 既可修饰可数也可修饰不可数。 a large quantity of books / water。 【考点】 "A number of + 复数名词" 作主语，谓语用复数；"The number of + 复数名词" 作主语，谓语用单数。 辨析02 impact / effect / influence (影响) 词/词语 用法 例句 impact 常指强烈的、巨大的影响。 have a great impact on。 effect 常指直接的结果或效应。 have an effect on。 influence 常指潜移默化的影响。 have an influence on。 辨析03 tend to do / be likely to do / be inclined to do (倾向于) 词/词语 用法 例句 tend to do 强调一种习惯性的倾向或规律。 People tend to eat junk food when they are busy. be likely to do 强调客观上的可能性。 It is likely to rain today. 【考点】 tend 是动词，没有 be tend to 的用法，不要画蛇添足加 be。 题型 考查内容 示例 建议题量/难度 单词拼写 词汇拼写+词义 根据汉语/首字母写出 convenience、tend、survive、apartment 10题 / ★ 单句语法填空 词形变化+搭配+定语从句 The girl ____ (who/whom) you met yesterday is a teenager.；I was reminded ____ my childhood by the photo.(of) 10题 / ★ 完成句子 句型运用（定语从句、固定短语） 尽管压力很大，他仍然保持健康饮食：____ ____ great stress, he still keeps a healthy diet.(Despite)；我更喜欢自己布置房间而不是求助别人：I prefer ____ ____ my room myself rather than turn to others.(to arrange) 8题 / ★★ 选词填空 语境选词+变形（名词复数、动词时态、副词变化） 从方框选：tend; permit; suffer; recommend; establish；He always ____ to eat snacks when under pressure. 8题 / ★★ 单项选择 关系代词who‑whom‑which‑that‑whose；关系副词when‑where‑why This is the supermarket ____ we bought our snacks last week.（where）；The book ____ I bought yesterday is about space.(which/that) 10题 / ★★ 完形填空 话题：健康饮食、环保消费、居家生活；动词、名词、副词辨析 选项：tend, remind, permit, survive, suffer, establish；辨析副词：actually, moreover, extremely, slightly 1篇（15空） / ★★ 阅读理解 主题：环保、外卖饮食、居家空间、科技生活；细节理解+推理判断 阅读文本关于vending‑machine / online‑food‑delivery / personal living‑space 2篇 / ★★ 书面表达 Unit3写邀请便条；Unit4写文章描述房间；定语从句写作运用 任务1：写一张邀请朋友参加聚餐的简短便条；任务2：写短文介绍自己的卧室，尽量使用定语从句（who / which / where） 1题（80‑100词） / ★★★ 技巧 一句话要点 单词拼写 ——判断词性，留意名词复数；区分介词despite与连词although ①先分析句子判断空格词性；名词注意facility复数facilities；②注意派生变化；区分despite（介词+名词）和although（连词+句子）；③写完代入通读校验语义。 单句语法填空 ——找先行词，分析从句成分；介词后面定语从句禁用that ①定语从句做题两步：找先行词，分析从句内部缺什么成分；缺主/宾用关系代词who/whom/which/that/whose；从句成分完整用关系副词when/where/why；②介词+关系代词时不能用that；③注意固定搭配remind…of…、prefer to do。 完成句子 ——牢记固定搭配；分清介词despite和连词although不要混用 ①锁定单元固定短语；特别注意prefer to do…rather than do；remind sb. of sth；②分清despite后接名词，although后面接完整句子，不要混用；③检查时态主谓一致。 选词填空 ——先标词性读语境；优先匹配固定搭配，勿忘变形 ①先标注方框词汇词性，通读所有句子理解语境；②填入后做时态、名词复数变形；每个单词只用一次；③重点留意tend to do，suffer from等高频搭配。 单项选择 ——不看先行词名字，看从句缺什么成分；记牢that的使用限制 ①不要只看先行词是时间地点就直接选when/where；一定要看从句缺不缺主语宾语；②先行词含最高级、序数词、all时只能用that；介词后不用that；③区分单元高频词remind、suffer、prefer。 句型转换 ——找准先行词；分清关系代词与关系副词，whose表所属 ①把两个简单句合并为定语从句；找准先行词；②关系代词和副词不能混淆；whose用来表示所属关系。 短语翻译 ——区分to是介词还是不定式；固定搭配介词不能改动 ①记忆单元固定搭配，介词不能随意改动；重点：pay regard to、be attractive to、domestic chore；②注意to到底是介词还是不定式符号。 词义配对 ——读懂词义一一对应；做完复查防止错配 ①读懂单词与释义；重点匹配tend、remind、suffer、prefer等高频词；②全部做完复查一遍，避免错配。 完形填空 ——通读先抓主旨；动词优先看搭配，答案贴合上下文逻辑 ①先通读全文把握主旨，不要边读边做；②动词重点看搭配：tend to do、suffer from、remind sb of sth；名词看上下文复现；③答案服从文章逻辑，不要凭中文感觉。 阅读理解 ——细节定位原文找证据；推理不要照搬原文句子 ①细节题题干关键词回原文定位比对；推理题不能直接摘抄原文；②注意作者态度；读懂复合名词、合成形容词。 书面表达 ——便条要素齐全；描写类作文巧用定语从句提升文采，优先保证句子正确 ①邀请便条：写清时间、地点、事由，语言简洁，信息要素完整；②房间描写文章，有意识的使用定语从句（where / which）美化句子；③字数80‑110，优先保证正确率，多用本单元词汇。 【题型一】单词拼写 根据汉语提示写出单词的正确形式 1. Many people value ________（便利）more than healthy food when ordering take‑out. 2. The local government encourages citizens to ________（回收利用）waste materials. 3. The bad eating habits have a huge ________（巨大影响）on teenagers’ health. 4. I must ________（道歉）for my rude words at the dinner party last night. 5. The report will ________（证明）that plastic packaging does great harm to our environment. 6. It is hard for some old people to ________（生存）without modern facilities. 7. This software can help us ________（下载）useful information from the Internet. 8. My parents often ________（推荐）some good books for my spare‑time reading. 9. The little boy ________（遭受）from a bad cold last week. 10. Please ________（整理）all your personal things before you leave the apartment. 【题型二】单句语法填空 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1. The snack ________ is sold in this vending machine tastes sweet. 2. The girl ________ diet is healthy seldom gets sick. 3. This is the expert ________ we met at the food‑safety meeting last month. 4. I still remember the day ________ I first used this new apartment. 5. This is the supermarket ________ we can buy all kinds of groceries. 6. Tell me the reason ________ you prefer junk food to fresh vegetables. 7. A large amount of plastic ________ (pollute) the local river in the past few years. 8. He tends ________ (order) fast food when he is too busy to cook. 9. Despite ________ (be) very tired, she still finished sorting out all the containers. 10. The boy ________ argued with his parents finally changed his mind. 【题型三】完成句子 1. 我昨天买的那个容器可以用来储存零食。 The container ________________________ yesterday can be used to store snacks.（which/that） 2. 这是大多数青少年喜欢自动售货机的原因。 This is the reason ________________________ vending machines.（why） 3. 他往往会忽视饮食对健康的巨大影响。 He ________________________ ignore the huge impact of diet on his health.（tend to） 4. 尽管天气很热，我们依然决定回收这些塑料瓶。 ________________________ the hot weather, we decided to recycle these plastic bottles.（despite） 5. 我永远不会忘记我们第一次搬进这套公寓的那一天。 I will never forget the day ________________________ the apartment.（when） 6. 这就是上周给我们提建议的那位专家。 This is the expert ________________________ last week.（who/that） 7. 这个网站对喜欢科幻小说的年轻人很有吸引力。 The website ________________________ young people who like science fiction.（be attractive to） 8. 请你整理一下你房间里的所有物品好吗？ Could you please ________________________ in your room?（arrange） 9. 他向我道歉，因为他没有注意到我的感受。 He ________________________ for not paying regard to my feelings.（apologize） 10. 我们上周参观的实验室有很多节能设备。 The lab ________________________ last week has lots of energy‑efficient facilities.（which/that） 学科网（北京）股份有限公4 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 知识清单02 必修第一册Unit 3~Unit 4 单元词汇短语句型梳理 📚重点单词 名词(n.)convenience, label, snack, packaging, facility, plastic, container, greenhouse, amount, gas, impact, stress, cattle, diet, yoghurt, image, source, expert, loss, comment, host, pudding, decoration, consumer, groceries, experiment, capability, bomb, goods, petrol, aim, apartment, piano, talent, curtain, data, software, percentage, poster, technique, occasion, style 动词(v.)recycle, determine, link, tend, equal, remind, apologize, prove, establish, permit, assume, survive, disappear, suffer, argue, decrease, gather, download, load, recommend, prefer, arrange, grab 形容词(adj.)global, energy‑efficient, frozen, retired, capable, narrow, definite, upper‑class, intended, time‑honoured 副词(adv.)currently, moreover, actually, unfortunately, immediately, regularly, definitely, extremely, slightly, legally 📋重点短语 1. carbon footprint 碳足迹 2. rubbish dump 垃圾场；废物堆 3. carbon dioxide 二氧化碳 4. put … aside 忽视；不理睬；忘记 5. peanut butter 花生酱 6. baked potato 带皮烤土豆 7. junk food 垃圾食品 8. vending machine 自动售货机 9. pay regard to 注意；关注；关心 10. traffic accident 交通事故 11. hang on 等等 12. take cover 躲避；隐蔽 13. domestic chore 家务琐事 14. to somebody’s credit 使值得赞扬；使受尊重 15. science fiction 科幻小说 16. be attractive to 对……有吸引力 17. be made of 由……制成 18. a large amount of 大量（后接不可数名词） 19. tend to do sth. 往往会做某事 20. remind sb. of sth. 使某人想起某事 📙必备句型 1. A large amount of plastic is being thrown away every day, which has a bad impact on our environment. 每天有大量的塑料被丢弃，这对我们的环境造成很坏的影响。 解析：a large amount of +不可数名词；which引导非限制性定语从句 2. People tend to buy more snacks when they shop online, which increases their daily‑life waste. 人们网购的时候往往购买更多零食，增加了日常生活垃圾。 解析：tend to do；which指代前面整件事情 3. The reason why many people prefer vending machines is that they bring us great convenience. 很多人更喜欢自动售货机的原因是它们给我们带来巨大便利。 解析：why引导定语从句修饰reason；表语从句 4. It is our responsibility to cut down our carbon footprint in our daily life. 在日常生活当中减少我们的碳足迹是我们的责任。 解析：it作形式主语，真正主语为后面的不定式to cut down… 5. The house where my grandparents lived in the 1940s has been kept well up to now. 我祖父母在二十世纪四十年代居住过的房子至今保存完好。 解析：where引导定语从句（关系副词修饰地点先行词） 6. There was a time when families would gather around the piano to enjoy their spare time. 曾经有一段时间一家人会围在钢琴旁边享受闲暇时光。 解析：先行词time，when引导定语从句 7. That is the reason why people are crazy about science‑fiction movies. 那就是人们痴迷于科幻电影的原因。 解析：why引导定语从句修饰先行词reason 8. What impresses me most about the old‑style apartment is that it can bring back sweet memories for the local people. 老式公寓留给我最深的印象是它能够唤起当地人甜蜜的回忆。 解析：what引导主语从句；that引导表语从句 📕单元语法 Unit 3语法：限制性定语从句（关系代词who, whom, which, that, whose） Unit 4语法：限制性定语从句（关系副词when, where, why） ✍单元写作 Unit 3写作：Writing short messages such as invitations and notes（写邀请函、便条等） Unit 4写作：Writing an article to describe a room（写文章描述一间房间） 知识点01 重点词类 1. convenience /kən'viːniəns/ n. 方便；便利 2. label /*'leɪbl/ n. 标签 3. global /'ɡləʊbl/ adj. 全球的；全世界的 4. snack /snæk/ n. 点心；小吃；快餐 5. packaging /'pækɪdʒɪŋ/ n. 包装材料 6. recycle /*ˌriː'saɪkl/ v. 回收利用 7. facility /fə'sɪləti/ n. 场所；设施；设备 8. container /kən'teɪnə(r)/ n. 容器 9. amount /ə'maʊnt/ n. 数量；数额 10. impact /'ɪmpækt/ n. 巨大影响；强大作用 11. determine /dɪ'tɜːmɪn/ v. 查明；测定；准确算出 12. stress /stres/ n. 压力；精神压力；心理负担 13. teenager /'tiːneɪdʒə(r)/ n. (13至19岁之间的)青少年 14. diet /'daɪət/ n. 日常饮食；日常食物 15. source /sɔːs/ n. 起源；根源；原因 16. expert /'ekspɜːt/ n. 专家；行家；能手 17. tend /tend/ v. 往往会；常常就 18. equal /'iːkwəl/ adj. 相同的，同样的；相等的 19. apologize /ə'pɒlədʒaɪz/ v. 道歉；谢罪 20. prove /pruːv/ v. 证明；证实 21. establish /*ɪ'stæblɪʃ/ v. 建立；创立；设立 22. permit /pə'mɪt/ v. 允许；准许 23. experiment /ɪk'sperɪmənt/ n. 实验；试验 24. capable /'keɪpəbl/ adj. 有能力的 25. survive /sə'vaɪv/ v. 生存；存活；继续存在 26. device /dɪ'vaɪs/ n. 装置；仪器；器具；设备 27. immediately /ɪ'miːdiətli/ adv. 立即；马上；即刻 28. disappear /ˌdɪsə'pɪə(r)/ v. 消失；不见 29. regularly /'reɡjələli/ adv. 有规律地；经常 30. recommend /ˌrekə'mend/ v. 推荐 31. prefer /prɪ'fɜː(r)/ v. 较喜欢；喜欢……多于…… 32. arrange /ə'reɪndʒ/ v. 整理；排列；布置 33. extremely /ɪk'striːmli/ adv. 极其；极端；非常 34. technique /tek'niːk/ n. 技术；技能 35. responsibility /*rɪˌspɒnsə'bɪləti/ n. 职责；义务；任务 知识点02 高频短语 1. carbon footprint 碳足迹 2. rubbish dump 垃圾场；废物堆 3. carbon dioxide 二氧化碳 4. put ... aside 忽视；不理睬；忘记 5. junk food 垃圾食品 6. vending machine (出售饮料等的)自动售货机 7. pay regard to 注意；关注；关心 8. traffic accident 交通事故 9. hang on 等等(好像有什么不对或新的情况出现) 10. take cover 躲避；隐蔽 11. domestic chore 家务琐事 12. to somebody's credit 使值得赞扬；使受尊重 13. science fiction 科幻小说(或影片等) 14. be attractive to 对……有吸引力的 15. be capable of 能够…… (结合capable) 16. survive from 从……中幸存下来 (结合survive) 17. prefer A to B 比起B更喜欢A (结合prefer) 18. prefer to do rather than do 宁愿做……而不愿做…… (结合prefer) 19. take responsibility for 对……负责 (结合responsibility) 20. make an apology to sb. for sth. 因某事向某人道歉 (结合apologize) 知识点03 重点句型 1. tend to do sth 往往会做某事 People tend to waste a lot of plastic in daily life. 翻译：人们在日常生活中往往会浪费大量塑料。 2. despite + 名词 尽管……（介词） Despite the high cost, many people still buy this kind of snack. 翻译：尽管价格高昂，很多人仍然购买这类小吃。 3. remind sb of sth 使某人想起某事 The old photo reminds me of my happy childhood. 翻译：这张旧照片使我想起了我快乐的童年。 4. be capable of doing sth 有能力做某事 This machine is capable of recycling waste materials. 翻译：这台机器有能力回收废弃材料。 5. prefer to do A rather than do B 宁愿做A而不愿做B I prefer to read books rather than watch junk videos in my spare time. 翻译：在空余时间，我宁愿读书也不愿看垃圾视频。 6. …the amount of +不可数名词 ……的数量 The amount of carbon dioxide has increased sharply these years. 翻译：这些年二氧化碳的数量急剧增加。 7. on occasion 有时；偶尔（置于句首） On occasion, we choose to buy food from the vending machine. 翻译：有时候我们选择从自动售货机购买食物。 8. It is + adj. + to do sth（it作形式主语） It is energy‑efficient to use this new kind of greenhouse. 翻译：使用这种新型温室是节能的。 9. argue that‑从句 提出理由认为…… Some experts argue that we should cut down junk‑food intake. 翻译：一些专家认为我们应该减少垃圾食品的摄入。 10. make it + adj. + for sb to do sth Modern technology makes it easier for people to download all kinds of data. 翻译：现代科技让人们下载各类数据变得更加容易。 知识点04 重点语法 1. 定语从句 (Relative clauses) - 关系代词 (who, whom, which, that, whose) · who/whom: 先行词是人。who作主语，whom作宾语（可省略）。 · The expert who gave us the talk is from a famous university. (作主语) · The teenager (whom) you met yesterday is my cousin. (作宾语) · which: 先行词是物。作主语或宾语（作宾语可省略）。 · The vending machine which sells snacks is over there. (作主语) · that: 先行词是人或物。作主语或宾语（作宾语可省略）。 · This is the best film that I have ever seen. (先行词被最高级修饰，只能用that) · whose: 表示所属关系，指人或物。 · I know a boy whose father is a doctor. 2. 定语从句 (Relative clauses) - 关系副词 (when, where, why) · when: 先行词是表示时间的名词（如time, day, year等），在从句中作时间状语。 · I still remember the day when we first met. (= on which) · where: 先行词是表示地点的名词（如place, house, city等），在从句中作地点状语。 · This is the house where he lived in his childhood. (注意：如果从句缺主语或宾语，则用which/that，如：This is the house which he bought last year.) · why: 先行词是reason，在从句中作原因状语。 · The reason why he was late was that he missed the bus. 3. 构词法：复合名词与形容词 (Compound nouns and adjectives) - Unit 3 & 4 重点 · 复合名词： 如 vending machine (自动售货机), carbon footprint (碳足迹), junk food (垃圾食品), greenhouse (温室)。 · 复合形容词： 如 energy-efficient (节能的), labour-saving (省力的), time-honoured (历史悠久的), upper-class (上流社会的)。 考点01 词类转换 （派生词）— 最高频 1. convenience (n. 方便) → convenient (adj. 方便的) → inconvenient (adj. 不方便的) 2. global (adj. 全球的) → globally (adv. 全球性地) → globalize (v. 全球化) 3. recycle (v. 回收利用) → recycling (n. 回收) → recyclable (adj. 可回收的) 4. energy-efficient (adj. 节能的) → energy efficiency (n. 能源效率) 5. determine (v. 查明；决定) → determination (n. 决心) → determined (adj. 坚决的) 6. stress (n. 压力) → stressful (adj. 压力大的) → stressed (adj. 感到有压力的) 7. tend (v. 往往会) → tendency (n. 趋势；倾向) 8. equal (adj. 相等的) → equally (adv. 平等地) → equality (n. 平等) → equate (v. 等同) 9. apologize (v. 道歉) → apology (n. 道歉) 10. consumer (n. 消费者) → consume (v. 消耗) → consumption (n. 消耗量) 11. prove (v. 证明) → proof (n. 证据) 12. permit (v. 允许) → permission (n. 许可) 13. capable (adj. 有能力的) → capability (n. 能力) → incapable (adj. 无能力的) 14. survive (v. 生存) → survival (n. 幸存) → survivor (n. 幸存者) 15. disappear (v. 消失) → disappearance (n. 消失) → appear (v. 出现，反义词) 16. suffer (v. 遭受) → suffering (n. 痛苦) → sufferer (n. 患者；受苦者) 17. recommend (v. 推荐) → recommendation (n. 推荐) 18. prefer (v. 更喜欢) → preference (n. 偏好) 19. responsibility (n. 责任) → responsible (adj. 有责任的) 20. arrange (v. 安排；整理) → arrangement (n. 安排) 考点02 介词填空 — 必考 1. pay regard to 注意；关注；关心 2. put ... aside 忽视；不理睬；忘记（把……放在一边） 3. be equal to 与……相等；胜任 4. be ashamed of 为……感到羞愧 5. be capable of 有能力做…… 6. suffer from 遭受（疾病、痛苦等） 7. take cover from 躲避……（常与 from 连用） 8. be attractive to 对……有吸引力的 9. to somebody's credit 使值得赞扬；使受尊重 10. prefer A to B 宁愿A而不愿B（注意 to 是介词，后接名词或动名词） 辨析01 amount / number / quantity (数量) 词/词语 用法 例句 amount 修饰不可数名词。 a large amount of water。 number 修饰可数名词。 a large number of students。 quantity 既可修饰可数也可修饰不可数。 a large quantity of books / water。 【考点】 "A number of + 复数名词" 作主语，谓语用复数；"The number of + 复数名词" 作主语，谓语用单数。 辨析02 impact / effect / influence (影响) 词/词语 用法 例句 impact 常指强烈的、巨大的影响。 have a great impact on。 effect 常指直接的结果或效应。 have an effect on。 influence 常指潜移默化的影响。 have an influence on。 辨析03 tend to do / be likely to do / be inclined to do (倾向于) 词/词语 用法 例句 tend to do 强调一种习惯性的倾向或规律。 People tend to eat junk food when they are busy. be likely to do 强调客观上的可能性。 It is likely to rain today. 【考点】 tend 是动词，没有 be tend to 的用法，不要画蛇添足加 be。 题型 考查内容 示例 建议题量/难度 单词拼写 词汇拼写+词义 根据汉语/首字母写出 convenience、tend、survive、apartment 10题 / ★ 单句语法填空 词形变化+搭配+定语从句 The girl ____ (who/whom) you met yesterday is a teenager.；I was reminded ____ my childhood by the photo.(of) 10题 / ★ 完成句子 句型运用（定语从句、固定短语） 尽管压力很大，他仍然保持健康饮食：____ ____ great stress, he still keeps a healthy diet.(Despite)；我更喜欢自己布置房间而不是求助别人：I prefer ____ ____ my room myself rather than turn to others.(to arrange) 8题 / ★★ 选词填空 语境选词+变形（名词复数、动词时态、副词变化） 从方框选：tend; permit; suffer; recommend; establish；He always ____ to eat snacks when under pressure. 8题 / ★★ 单项选择 关系代词who‑whom‑which‑that‑whose；关系副词when‑where‑why This is the supermarket ____ we bought our snacks last week.（where）；The book ____ I bought yesterday is about space.(which/that) 10题 / ★★ 完形填空 话题：健康饮食、环保消费、居家生活；动词、名词、副词辨析 选项：tend, remind, permit, survive, suffer, establish；辨析副词：actually, moreover, extremely, slightly 1篇（15空） / ★★ 阅读理解 主题：环保、外卖饮食、居家空间、科技生活；细节理解+推理判断 阅读文本关于vending‑machine / online‑food‑delivery / personal living‑space 2篇 / ★★ 书面表达 Unit3写邀请便条；Unit4写文章描述房间；定语从句写作运用 任务1：写一张邀请朋友参加聚餐的简短便条；任务2：写短文介绍自己的卧室，尽量使用定语从句（who / which / where） 1题（80‑100词） / ★★★ 技巧 一句话要点 单词拼写 ——判断词性，留意名词复数；区分介词despite与连词although ①先分析句子判断空格词性；名词注意facility复数facilities；②注意派生变化；区分despite（介词+名词）和although（连词+句子）；③写完代入通读校验语义。 单句语法填空 ——找先行词，分析从句成分；介词后面定语从句禁用that ①定语从句做题两步：找先行词，分析从句内部缺什么成分；缺主/宾用关系代词who/whom/which/that/whose；从句成分完整用关系副词when/where/why；②介词+关系代词时不能用that；③注意固定搭配remind…of…、prefer to do。 完成句子 ——牢记固定搭配；分清介词despite和连词although不要混用 ①锁定单元固定短语；特别注意prefer to do…rather than do；remind sb. of sth；②分清despite后接名词，although后面接完整句子，不要混用；③检查时态主谓一致。 选词填空 ——先标词性读语境；优先匹配固定搭配，勿忘变形 ①先标注方框词汇词性，通读所有句子理解语境；②填入后做时态、名词复数变形；每个单词只用一次；③重点留意tend to do，suffer from等高频搭配。 单项选择 ——不看先行词名字，看从句缺什么成分；记牢that的使用限制 ①不要只看先行词是时间地点就直接选when/where；一定要看从句缺不缺主语宾语；②先行词含最高级、序数词、all时只能用that；介词后不用that；③区分单元高频词remind、suffer、prefer。 句型转换 ——找准先行词；分清关系代词与关系副词，whose表所属 ①把两个简单句合并为定语从句；找准先行词；②关系代词和副词不能混淆；whose用来表示所属关系。 短语翻译 ——区分to是介词还是不定式；固定搭配介词不能改动 ①记忆单元固定搭配，介词不能随意改动；重点：pay regard to、be attractive to、domestic chore；②注意to到底是介词还是不定式符号。 词义配对 ——读懂词义一一对应；做完复查防止错配 ①读懂单词与释义；重点匹配tend、remind、suffer、prefer等高频词；②全部做完复查一遍，避免错配。 完形填空 ——通读先抓主旨；动词优先看搭配，答案贴合上下文逻辑 ①先通读全文把握主旨，不要边读边做；②动词重点看搭配：tend to do、suffer from、remind sb of sth；名词看上下文复现；③答案服从文章逻辑，不要凭中文感觉。 阅读理解 ——细节定位原文找证据；推理不要照搬原文句子 ①细节题题干关键词回原文定位比对；推理题不能直接摘抄原文；②注意作者态度；读懂复合名词、合成形容词。 书面表达 ——便条要素齐全；描写类作文巧用定语从句提升文采，优先保证句子正确 ①邀请便条：写清时间、地点、事由，语言简洁，信息要素完整；②房间描写文章，有意识的使用定语从句（where / which）美化句子；③字数80‑110，优先保证正确率，多用本单元词汇。 【题型一】单词拼写 根据汉语提示写出单词的正确形式 1. Many people value ________（便利）more than healthy food when ordering take‑out. 2. The local government encourages citizens to ________（回收利用）waste materials. 3. The bad eating habits have a huge ________（巨大影响）on teenagers’ health. 4. I must ________（道歉）for my rude words at the dinner party last night. 5. The report will ________（证明）that plastic packaging does great harm to our environment. 6. It is hard for some old people to ________（生存）without modern facilities. 7. This software can help us ________（下载）useful information from the Internet. 8. My parents often ________（推荐）some good books for my spare‑time reading. 9. The little boy ________（遭受）from a bad cold last week. 10. Please ________（整理）all your personal things before you leave the apartment. 【答案】 1. convenience 2. recycle 3. impact 4. apologize 5. prove 6. survive 7. download 8. recommend 9. suffered 10. arrange 【题型二】单句语法填空 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1. The snack ________ is sold in this vending machine tastes sweet. 2. The girl ________ diet is healthy seldom gets sick. 3. This is the expert ________ we met at the food‑safety meeting last month. 4. I still remember the day ________ I first used this new apartment. 5. This is the supermarket ________ we can buy all kinds of groceries. 6. Tell me the reason ________ you prefer junk food to fresh vegetables. 7. A large amount of plastic ________ (pollute) the local river in the past few years. 8. He tends ________ (order) fast food when he is too busy to cook. 9. Despite ________ (be) very tired, she still finished sorting out all the containers. 10. The boy ________ argued with his parents finally changed his mind. 【答案】 1. which / that 2. whose 3. whom / who / that 4. when 5. where 6. why 7. has polluted 8. to order 9. being 10. who / that 【题型三】完成句子 1. 我昨天买的那个容器可以用来储存零食。 The container ________________________ yesterday can be used to store snacks.（which/that） 2. 这是大多数青少年喜欢自动售货机的原因。 This is the reason ________________________ vending machines.（why） 3. 他往往会忽视饮食对健康的巨大影响。 He ________________________ ignore the huge impact of diet on his health.（tend to） 4. 尽管天气很热，我们依然决定回收这些塑料瓶。 ________________________ the hot weather, we decided to recycle these plastic bottles.（despite） 5. 我永远不会忘记我们第一次搬进这套公寓的那一天。 I will never forget the day ________________________ the apartment.（when） 6. 这就是上周给我们提建议的那位专家。 This is the expert ________________________ last week.（who/that） 7. 这个网站对喜欢科幻小说的年轻人很有吸引力。 The website ________________________ young people who like science fiction.（be attractive to） 8. 请你整理一下你房间里的所有物品好吗？ Could you please ________________________ in your room?（arrange） 9. 他向我道歉，因为他没有注意到我的感受。 He ________________________ for not paying regard to my feelings.（apologize） 10. 我们上周参观的实验室有很多节能设备。 The lab ________________________ last week has lots of energy‑efficient facilities.（which/that） 【答案】 1. (which / that) I bought 2. why most teenagers like 3. tends to 4. Despite 5. when we first moved into 6. who / that gave us advice 7. is attractive to 8. arrange all the stuff / things 9. apologized to me 10. (which / that) we visited 学科网（北京）股份有限公4 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $