内容正文:
高考英语一轮复习
名词和数词 一轮导学案
(语法填空 + 完成句子)—2026-2027学年高三新高考英语一轮
写在前面:这一讲到底练什么
名词和数词在语法填空里考得很固定:给你一个名词,你得知道变单数还是复数;给你一个动词,你得知道变成什么名词;序数词前面该不该加the;hundred后面该不该加s。东西不多,但全是细节,丢分就丢在这些地方。
这一讲重点练四件事:①名词复数的特殊变化(-f/-o结尾最容易错);②不可数名词和抽象名词具体化;③名词所有格的共有和分别有;④数词的几个易错点(序数词"又一"、hundred确切数不加s)。
■ 红色=必背重点 ■ 蓝色=易混难点 ■ 橙色=易错提醒
学习目标
1. 掌握可数名词复数变化规则,特别是-f/-fe和-o结尾的特殊变化。
2. 区分可数名词与不可数名词,掌握抽象名词具体化的用法。
3. 掌握名词所有格的三种形式,能判断"共有"和"分别有"。
4. 掌握序数词、年龄年代、dozen/hundred/thousand的用法。
5. 掌握合成形容词和分数表达。
模块一 名词的数
考点1 可数名词复数规则变化
情况
变化
例词
一般
加-s
student→students, university→universities
-s/-x/-ch/-sh结尾
加-es
glass→glasses, box→boxes, watch→watches
辅音+y结尾
变y为i加-es
family→families, city→cities
-f/-fe结尾
多数变f/fe为v加-es
thief→thieves, knife→knives, shelf→shelves
-f/-fe结尾(例外)
直接加-s
roof→roofs, belief→beliefs, chief→chiefs, proof→proofs
-o结尾
多数加-s
radio→radios, photo→photos, zoo→zoos
-o结尾(例外)
加-es
hero→heroes, potato→potatoes, tomato→tomatoes
⚠ -f/-fe结尾的词,变v加-es的有:thief, knife, wife, life, leaf, shelf, wolf, half, self。直接加-s的有:roof, belief, chief, proof, safe, gulf。记少不记多,把直接加-s的几个记住就行。
⚠ -o结尾加-es的就四个:hero, potato, tomato, Negro(黑人)。其他基本都加-s。
Wuhan has many famous ________(university), including Wuhan University and Huazhong University.
武汉有很多著名大学,包括武大、华科。(many后用复数,university→universities)
考点2 不规则变化和单复数同形
类型
例词
不规则变化
child→children, man→men, woman→women, tooth→teeth, foot→feet, mouse→mice
单复数同形
Chinese, sheep, deer, fish, means, series, species, works
合成名词
passer-by→passers-by, sister-in-law→sisters-in-law, grown-up→grown-ups
man/woman+名词
woman teacher→women teachers, man doctor→men doctors
⚠ fish表"鱼肉"不可数,表"鱼的条数"单复数同形,表"不同种类的鱼"用fishes。means(方法)单复数同形,every means/this means是单数,all means是复数。
考点3 不可数名词和抽象名词具体化(重难点)
常见不可数名词:advice, information, news, knowledge, furniture, equipment, luggage, weather, progress, fun, work(工作)。这些词不能直接加a/an,也不能变复数。
抽象名词具体化:success→a success(一个成功的人/事), failure→a failure, surprise→a surprise, pleasure→a pleasure, honour→an honour, danger→a danger, beauty→a beauty
⚠ "What a fun!"是错的,fun不可数,要说"What fun!"。"a good news"也是错的,要说"a piece of good news"。
The Wuhan Marathon was ________(great success)this year, with over 30,000 runners.
今年武汉马拉松大获成功,超过3万人参赛。(success具体化,a great success)
单句填空(名词的数)
1. The Yellow Crane Tower has attracted millions of ________(visit)since it was rebuilt.
2. Wuhan is home to many ________(university), some of which date back over a century.
3. The old ________(thief)were caught by the police near Jianghan Road.
4. There are several ________(woman doctor)working at the hospital near East Lake.
5. The ________(leaf)on the trees near the East Lake Greenway turn yellow in autumn.
6. We need some ________(knife)to cut the hot dry noodles properly.
7. The ________(child)in our neighborhood love flying kites on the riverbank.
8. The old man has collected many ________(photo)of old Wuhan streets.
9. The ________(roof)of the traditional houses in Hankou are made of grey tiles.
10. Wuhan hot dry noodles are a great ________(successful)among tourists.
11. The teacher gave us some useful ________(advice)on how to prepare for the exam.
12. There are three ________(means)of getting to the Hubei Museum: bus, subway, or taxi.
模块二 名词所有格
考点1 's所有格
情况
构成
示例
有生命名词
词尾加's
the boy's bag, Wuhan's history
复数以s结尾
只加'
the students' union, the workers' struggle
共有
后一个名词加's
Tom and Jerry's room(一间)
分别有
两个都加's
Tom's and Jerry's rooms(两间)
时间/距离/价值
加's或'
a twenty minutes' walk, today's newspaper
⚠ 共有还是分别有,看后面的名词单复数:room是单数→共有,rooms是复数→分别有。这个判断方法比记规则快。
考点2 of所有格和双重所有格
无生命名词用of结构:a map of Wuhan, the capital of Hubei。
双重所有格:of + 名词's,表示"其中之一":a friend of my father's(我爸爸的一个朋友)。
⚠ a photo of my father(我爸爸本人的照片)vs a photo of my father's(我爸爸收藏的照片之一),意思完全不同。
单句填空(名词所有格)
13. ________(Wuhan)history dates back over 3,500 years.
14. The ________(student)Union organized a volunteer activity at the East Lake Greenway.
15. It is about twenty ________(minute)walk from my home to the Yellow Crane Tower.
16. ________(Tom and Mary)mothers both work at the same hospital in Wuchang.
17. This is a friend of my ________(father), who has known him for thirty years.
18. The ________(city)transportation system has improved greatly in recent years.
模块三 数词
考点1 序数词(重难点)
序数词前通常加the,但表"又一、再一"时用a/an:a second time(再一次), a third try(再试一次)。
不规则序数词:one→first, two→second, three→third, five→fifth, eight→eighth, nine→ninth, twelve→twelfth。
⚠ nine→ninth(去e),不是nineth;twelve→twelfth(变ve为f),不是twelveth。
考点2 年龄和年代
in one's + 逢十复数:in his thirties(在他三十多岁时)。
in the + 逢十复数:in the 1990s(在20世纪90年代)。
考点3 dozen/score/hundred/thousand/million(重难点)
用法
形式
示例
确切数目
不加-s,不跟of
two hundred students, three dozen eggs
笼统数目
加-s,跟of
hundreds of people, thousands of tourists
后接these/those/them
可跟of
two hundred of them, several dozen of these
⚠ two hundred students(两百学生),不是two hundreds students。hundreds of students(数百学生),前面不能加具体数字。这个考点每年都考,送分题别丢。
考点4 合成形容词和分数
合成形容词:数词+名词(单数)+形容词,用连字符:a three-hour walk, a ten-year-old boy。
分数:分子基数词,分母序数词,分子大于1分母加-s:two-thirds(三分之二), one-fourth(四分之一)。
单句填空(数词)
19. The Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge was completed in the ________(1950).
20. Although he is in his ________(sixty), the old craftsman still practices paper-cutting every day.
21. This is the ________(three)time I have visited the Hubei Museum this year.
22. Would you like a ________(four)cup of tea?(再来一杯)
23. Every year, ________(thousand)of tourists visit the Yellow Crane Tower during the Spring Festival.
24. There are about two ________(hundred)kinds of snacks in Hubu Lane.
25. We took a ________(three hour)boat tour on the East Lake last weekend.
26. About two ________(three)of the students in our class are from Wuhan.
27. The ________(nine)grade students are preparing for the high school entrance exam.
28. The old man bought two ________(dozen)eggs at the market near Jiqing Street.
29. Wuhan is the ________(large)city in central China by population.
30. The Optics Valley is home to ________(million)of high-tech workers.
解题通法:名词数词题判断三步
第一步(名词题):先判断可数不可数——advice/information/news/knowledge这些不可数,不能加a/an也不能变复数。
第二步(名词题):可数名词看前面的限定词——many/few/several/a number of后用复数;every/each/a后用单数。
第三步(数词题):hundred/thousand/million前面有具体数字不加s,后面有of才加s;序数词前看是"第几"(the)还是"又一"(a/an)。
⚠ 最容易丢分的:抽象名词具体化(a success)、所有格共有vs分别有、序数词"又一"用a。这三个考到就是拉分题。
三、完成句子(武汉场景)
根据汉语提示完成句子,每空一词。
31. 武汉有80多所高校,是中国重要的教育中心。
Wuhan has over 80 ________ and ________, making it an important education center in China.
32. 从这里走到黄鹤楼大约需要20分钟。
It is about ________ ________ walk from here to the Yellow Crane Tower.
33. 每年春节期间,成千上万的游客来武汉观光。
Every year during the Spring Festival, ________ ________ tourists come to visit Wuhan.
34. 这是我第三次来东湖绿道骑行。
This is ________ ________ time I have cycled along the East Lake Greenway.
35. 汤姆和玛丽的妈妈都在武汉的同一家医院工作。
________ ________ ________ mothers both work at the same hospital in Wuhan.
36. 武汉长江大桥建于20世纪50年代。
The Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge was built in ________ ________.
37. 我们班大约三分之二的学生来自武汉。
About ________ ________ of the students in our class are from Wuhan.
38. 这位老艺人虽然已经70多岁了,仍然每天练习剪纸。
Although the old craftsman is in ________ ________, he still practices paper-cutting every day.
参考答案
1. visitors(millions of后接复数)
2. universities(many后接复数,辅音+y变y为i)
3. thieves(thief变f为v加es)
4. women doctors(woman+名词变复数,两个都变)
5. leaves(leaf变f为v加es)
6. knives(knife变fe为v加es)
7. children(child不规则变化)
8. photos(photo以o结尾直接加-s)
9. roofs(roof直接加-s,是例外)
10. success(a great success,抽象名词具体化)
11. advice(advice不可数)
12. means(means单复数同形)
13. Wuhan's(城市名词加's)
14. Students'(复数以s结尾只加')
15. minutes'(时间所有格,复数以s结尾只加')
16. Tom's and Mary's(mothers复数,分别所有)
17. father's(双重所有格of + 名词's)
18. city's(城市名词所有格)
19. 1950s(in the 1950s)
20. sixties(in his sixties,六十多岁)
21. third(the third time)
22. fourth(a fourth cup,"又一"用a)
23. thousands(thousands of,笼统数目加s)
24. hundred(two hundred,确切数目不加s)
25. three-hour(合成形容词,名词用单数)
26. thirds(two-thirds,分子大于1分母加s)
27. ninth(nine去e加th)
28. dozen(two dozen,确切数目不加s)
29. largest(the largest,最高级)
30. millions(millions of,笼统数目加s)
31. colleges; universities(高校,用复数)
32. twenty; minutes'(时间所有格)
33. thousands; of(成千上万)
34. the; third(第三次)
35. Tom's; and; Mary's(mothers复数,分别所有)
36. the; 1950s(20世纪50年代)
37. two; thirds(三分之二)
38. his; seventies(in his seventies,七十多岁)
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