Unit 5 How do inventions change our lives预习（导学案）-2026-2027学年沪教版英语六年级上册

Unit 5 How do inventions change our lives? 课本知识预习导学案 一、单元学习目标 1. 掌握本单元发明与简单机械主题词汇和短语，学会谈论常见发明及其作用。 2. 熟练运用副词比较级和最高级描述动作，如：Peter runs slowly. Eddie runs more slowly than Peter. Mark runs the most slowly of the three. 3. 读懂《Simple machines in our daily lives》短文，了解杠杆、轮子、斜坡等简单机械在生活中的应用。 4. 掌握字母组合 ow 的两种发音 /aʊ/ 和 /əʊ/，认读相关单词。 5. 能介绍一种发明或简单机械，完成口头、书面表达“How do inventions change our lives?”。 二、必会核心内容 （一）必会单词 invention 发明 slide 滑梯 seesaw 跷跷板 watch 手表 lever 杠杆 wheel 轮子 simple 简单的 machine 机器 basic 基本的；基础的 everyday 每天的 playground 游乐场 point 尖端；点 truck 卡车 inside 在……里 tiny 极小的 ramp 斜坡；坡道 wheelchair 轮椅 hill 山丘；小山 nature 自然界；大自然 board 木板 push down 向下按压 opener 开启工具 turn 转动 round 圆形的 middle 中间 high 高的 low 低的 end 末端 easily 容易地 quickly 快速地 slowly 缓慢地 fast 快地 early 早地 well 好地 （二）重点短语 simple machines 简单机械 in our daily lives 在我们的日常生活中 push down 向下按压 go up 上升 go down 下降 on land 在陆地上 on water 在水上 in the sky 在空中 high-speed train 高速列车 hot-air balloon 热气球 bottle opener 开瓶器 a point in the middle 中间的一个支点 in wheelchairs 坐轮椅 go into 进入 go out of 从……出来 more easily 更容易地 more slowly 更慢地 the most slowly 最慢地 faster than 比……更快 the fastest of all 所有中最快的 三、核心句型 （一）谈论简单机械 A lever is a simple machine. 杠杆是一种简单机械。 A seesaw is a lever. 跷跷板是一种杠杆。 A wheel turns round and round. 轮子不停地转动。 A ramp has one high end and one low end. 斜坡有一端高、一端低。 A slide is a ramp. 滑梯是一种斜坡。 （二）描述简单机械的作用 A lever helps us lift heavy things. 杠杆帮助我们举起重物。 A wheel helps things move easily. 轮子帮助物体轻松移动。 A ramp helps people in wheelchairs go into and out of buildings. 斜坡帮助坐轮椅的人进出建筑物。 Things can move up and down more easily on a ramp. 在斜坡上物体可以更容易地上下移动。 （三）副词比较级和最高级 Peter runs slowly. 彼得跑得慢。 Eddie runs more slowly than Peter. 埃迪跑得比彼得慢。 Mark runs the most slowly of the three. 马克是三个人中跑得最慢的。 A car is faster than a horse. 汽车比马快。 A plane is the fastest of all. 飞机是所有中最快的。 （四）谈论发明 People invented a lot of things to make travel easy. 人们发明了许多东西让旅行变得容易。 Bicycles, cars and trains help people travel fast on land. 自行车、汽车和火车帮助人们在陆地上快速旅行。 Boats and ships help people travel on water. 船和轮船帮助人们在水上旅行。 Hot-air balloons and planes help people travel in the sky. 热气球和飞机帮助人们在空中旅行。 四、重难点突破 （一）语音知识：ow 的两种发音 ow 可以发 /aʊ/，也可以发 /əʊ/。 /aʊ/ 例词：down, how, now, brown, cow, flower /əʊ/ 例词：slow, show, snow, window, yellow, grow 进阶训练一：将下列单词按划线部分发音归类。 A. down B. slow C. how D. snow E. now F. window G. brown H. yellow 1. /aʊ/: ________________ 2. /əʊ/: ________________ （二）语法：副词比较级和最高级 规则变化： - 一般加 -er / -est：fast → faster → fastest - 以 e 结尾加 -r / -st：late → later → latest - 辅音字母 + y 结尾，变 y 为 i 加 -er / -est：early → earlier → earliest - 多音节词和部分双音节词前加 more / most：slowly → more slowly → most slowly - 不规则变化：well → better → best；badly → worse → worst 进阶训练二：用所给副词的正确形式填空。 1. Peter runs ______ (slowly). 2. Eddie runs ______ (slowly) than Peter. 3. Mark runs the ______ (slowly) of the three. 4. A car is ______ (fast) than a horse. 5. A plane is the ______ (fast) of all. （三）一般现在时（描述简单机械） 主语为第三人称单数时，动词加 -s 或 -es。 例：A wheel turns round and round. A ramp helps people in wheelchairs. A lever helps us lift heavy things. 进阶训练三：用所给动词的适当形式填空。 1. A wheel ______ (turn) round and round. 2. A ramp ______ (help) people in wheelchairs. 3. A lever ______ (help) us lift heavy things. 4. A slide ______ (be) a ramp. 5. People ______ (invent) many things to make travel easy. 五、综合巩固练习 一、英英释义。从方框中选择合适的单词填入对应的英文释义后。invention lever wheel ramp simple 1. A thing that someone has made for the first time. ________ 2. A simple machine with a bar and a point in the middle. ________ 3. A simple machine that turns round and round. ________ 4. A slope with one high end and one low end. ________ 5. Easy to understand or do; not difficult. ________ 二、单项选择 ( )1. A seesaw is a ______. A. wheel B. lever C. ramp ( )2. A wheel turns ______ and round. A. round B. around C. up ( )3. A ramp helps people in wheelchairs go ______ and out of buildings. A. into B. in C. to ( )4. A slide is a ______. A. lever B. wheel C. ramp ( )5. A lever helps us ______ heavy things. A. lifts B. lift C. lifting ( )6. Peter runs ______. A. slow B. slowly C. slower ( )7. Eddie runs ______ than Peter. A. slow B. slowly C. more slowly ( )8. Mark runs the ______ of the three. A. most slowly B. more slowly C. slowly 三、用所给单词的适当形式补全句子。 1. A wheel ______ (turn) round and round. 2. A ramp ______ (help) people in wheelchairs. 3. A lever helps us ______ (lift) heavy things. 4. Peter runs ______ (slowly). 5. Eddie runs ______ (slowly) than Peter. 6. Mark runs the ______ (slowly) of the three. 7. A car is ______ (fast) than a horse. 8. A plane is the ______ (fast) of all. 四、连词成句 1. is, a, lever, simple, machine, a (.) ___________________________ 2. wheel, a, turns, round, and, round (.) ___________________________ 3. ramp, a, is, slide, a (.) ___________________________ 4. helps, a, lever, us, heavy, lift, things (.) ___________________________ 5. runs, Mark, most, the, slowly, of, three, the (.) ___________________________ 五、情景对话，选句子补全对话。 A: Hi, Tom. 1. ______ B: I'm reading a book about inventions. A: Inventions? 2. ______ B: A lever is a simple machine. A. What is a lever? B. What are you doing? C. What does a wheel do? D. What is a simple machine? E. Does a ramp help people? A: 3. ______ B: It helps us lift heavy things. A: 4. ______ B: A wheel turns round and round. A: 5. ______ B: Yes. A ramp helps people in wheelchairs. 六、阅读读短文，完成任务。 Simple machines are the most basic inventions. They make our lives easier. A lever is a simple machine. A seesaw is a lever. A bottle opener is a lever too. A wheel turns round and round. We use wheels on cars, trucks and bicycles. A ramp has one high end and one low end. A slide is a ramp. People in wheelchairs use ramps to go into and out of buildings. Hills and mountains are ramps in nature. 任务一：判断句子正（T）误（F）。 ( )1. Simple machines make our lives easier. ( )2. A seesaw is a wheel. ( )3. A bottle opener is a lever. ( )4. People in wheelchairs use ramps to go into and out of buildings. 任务二：开放性小题。用1—2句话回答。 What is your favourite simple machine? Why? ___________________________ 七、书面表达 请以“My favourite invention”为题，写一段话，介绍你最喜欢的一项发明。要求：至少写出5句话，使用 simple, machine, help, easy 等词。 My favourite invention is the wheel. It is a simple machine. ______________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 参考答案 进阶训练一 1. /aʊ/: A, C, E, G 2. /əʊ/: B, D, F, H 进阶训练二 1. slowly 2. more slowly 3. most slowly 4. faster 5. fastest 进阶训练三 1. turns 2. helps 3. helps 4. is 5. invented 综合巩固练习 一、1. invention 2. lever 3. wheel 4. ramp 5. simple 二、1. B 2. A 3. A 4. C 5. B 6. B 7. C 8. A 三、 1. turns 2. helps 3. lift 4. slowly 5. more slowly 6. most slowly 7. faster 8. fastest 四、1. A lever is a simple machine. 2. A wheel turns round and round. 3. A slide is a ramp. 4. A lever helps us lift heavy things. 5. Mark runs the most slowly of the three. 五、1. B 2. D 3. A 4. C 5. E 六、任务一：1. T 2. F 3. T 4. T 任务二：示例：My favourite simple machine is the wheel. Because it helps things move easily. 七、范文 My favourite invention is the wheel. It is a simple machine. It turns round and round. We use wheels on cars, trucks and bicycles. A wheel helps things move easily. It makes our lives easier. I think the wheel is a great invention. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $