Unit 5 Education-Lesson 3 Understanding词汇知识点汇总 清单 -2026-2027学年高中英语北师大版选择性必修第二册

Unit 5 Lesson 3 词汇知识点汇总 PART ONE 自主学习 1. obvious adj. 显然的，明显的；易理解的 相关短语：it is obvious that … 很明显… e.g. It seems obvious now how we acquire knowledge and understanding. 我们如何获取知识与理解，现在看来显而易见。 辨析： obvious：指事情道理浅显，一看就明白 clear：清楚明白，没有疑惑 apparent：表面看上去如此，未必符合事实 2. analyze v. 分析 派生词：analysis n. 分析 相关短语：make an analysis of … 对… 作出分析 upon/on analysis 经分析之后 e.g. Modern scientists and thinkers are still solving the world’s problems with this type of analysis. 现代科学家与思想家仍在用这种分析方式解决世界难题。 3. rank n. 等级；地位；军衔 v. 把… 分等级；列为；排名 4. royal adj. 皇家的；王室的；盛大的 5. inefficient adj. 效率低的；能力差的 派生词：efficient adj. 效率高的；有能力的 inefficiency n. 效率低下；无能 efficiency n. 效率；效能 6. worthy adj. 有价值的；值得尊敬的 派生词：worth adj. 值得的 n. 价值 worthwhile adj. 值得做的（修饰事物） worthless adj. 无价值的；无用的 相关短语：be worthy of doing sth. =sth. be worthy to be done 值得…… e.g. His true interest was not the daytoday, slow and inefficient working style of the government, but the worthy search for knowledge. 他真正感兴趣的不是政府日复一日、拖拉、低效的工作作风，而是那些值得探索的知识。 7. church n. 教堂；教会 e.g. At that time, people believed more in the church than in facts. 在那个年代，人们相信教会胜过相信事实。 8. universe n. 宇宙；万物；领域 派生词：universal adj. 普遍的；全体的；通用的 universally adv. 普遍地；全体地 e.g. Galileo Galilei, who proved the idea that “the Earth is not the centre of the universe”. 伽利略证明 “地球不是宇宙中心”。 9. primitive adj. 原始的 e.g. It is not surprising that people wanted to believe these primitive ideas as they had been put forward by the great philosopher Aristotle. 人们愿意相信这些原始的观点并不令人意外，因为这些观点是伟大的哲学家亚里士多德提出的。 10. approve v. 赞成；赞许；批准 派生词：approval n. 赞成；批准 disapprove v. 不赞成，反对 disapproval n. 不赞同；反对 相关短语：approve of ... 赞成；许可 e.g. At first people approved of his work and urged him to continue. 起初人们认可他的研究，并力劝他继续下去。 11. urge v. 强烈要求；敦促 n. 强烈欲望 派生词：urgent adj. 紧急的；迫切的 urgency n. 紧急；迫切 相关短语：urge sb to do sth =urge sb into doing sth 敦促 / 极力劝说某人做某事 have an urge to do sth 有做某事的强烈欲望 12. prison n. 监狱 相关短语：send sb into prison 把某人投入监狱 e.g. When he refused, they became angry and sent him into prison. 当他拒绝之后，他们恼羞成怒，把他投入监狱。 13. abandon v. 抛弃，放弃；遗弃 n. 放任，放纵 派生词：abandoned adj. 被抛弃的；废弃的；放纵的 相关短语：abandon doing sth 放弃做某事 abandon oneself to doing sth 沉湎于做某事 e.g. They didn’t want to abandon what they’ve always thought as true. 人们不愿放弃那些他们一直认定为真理的事物。 14. assumption n. 假定，假设，设想 派生词：assume v. 假定；设想；认为 assumed adj. 假定的；设想的 assuming conj. 假定；假如 相关短语：make an assumption /assumptions 作出假设 e.g. People make the assumption that if someone important and respected says that something is right, then it must be so. 人们会做出这样一种假设：如果某个重要且受人尊敬的人说某件事是正确的，那么它就一定是对的。 15. respected adj. 受尊敬的；受敬重的 派生词：respect v. 尊重，敬重 n. 尊重；方面 respectable adj. 体面的；值得尊敬的(主语可是人/物) respectful adj. 恭敬的；满怀敬意的 (人的主观态度) 16. wisdom n. 智慧 派生词：wise adj. 明智的；有智慧的 相关短语：have the wisdom to do sth 有做某事的远见 / 智慧 e.g. We need to thank the great men of the past for their wisdom. 我们需要感谢历史上的伟人带给我们的智慧。 17. owe v. 有... 是由于；把... 归功于；欠 相关短语：owe sb sth = owe sth to sb 欠某人某物；把某事归功于某人 e.g. We owe so much of our knowledge and understanding of the world to people like Bacon and Galilei. 我们对于世界的许多认知与理解都要归功于培根、伽利略这类人。 18. shadow n. 影子；阴影 v. 遮蔽，跟踪 e.g. Bacon and Galilei, who were brave enough to step out from the shadows of conventional thought. 培根、伽利略，他们敢于走出传统思维的阴影。 19. conventional adj. 守旧的；传统的；常规的 派生词：convention n. 惯例；习俗 20. kingdom n. 王国 派生词：king n. 国王 21. civilization n. 文明 派生词：civil adj. 文明的；有礼貌的； 公民的 civilize v. 使文明；教化 22. vital adj. 极其重要的，必不可少的 相关短语：be vital to sth 对某事至关重要 23. beneficial adj. 有利的；有帮助的 派生词：benefit n. 益处 v. 有益于 相关短语：be beneficial to 对…… 有益 24. mankind n. 人类 e.g. These men knew that knowledge and understanding are things to fight for; more vital to a man,and more beneficial to mankind, some might say than all the money in the world. 这些伟人懂得，知识和对世界的认识才是值得追求的：正如一些人所言，和全世界的金钱相比，这些对个人而言更重要，对全人类而言更有益。 PART TWO 自学检测（语法填空） 1. Careful ________ (analyze) of data helps researchers draw reliable conclusions in scientific experiments. 2. Improving work ________ (efficient) has become an urgent task for most modernday enterprises. 3. Many local citizens do not approve ____the plan to pull down the old historical building. 4. Experts urge the public ________ (form) a good habit of thinking independently . 5. Faced with pressure, some people tend ________ (abandon) their original dreams without a second thought. 6. His __________ (assume) that wealth equals happiness has been challenged by numerous social surveys. 7. He is a highly ________ (respect) scholar whose research has exerted farreaching influence. 8. It requires extraordinary ________ (wise) to break away from outdated social prejudices. 9. We owe many great achievements in modern technology ___ devoted scientists all over the world. 10. Cultural exchange plays an important role in the progress of human ________ (civilize). 参考答案 1. analysis 2. efficiency 3. of 4. to form 5. to abandon 6. assumption 7. respected 8. wisdom 9. to 10. civilization 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $