Unit 3 Fit for Life-分层跟踪检测(二)- 2026-2027学年高中英语译林版选择性必修第二册

Unit 3　Fit for Life 分层跟踪检测(二) Ⅰ.阅读理解(共12小题;每小题2.5分,满分30分) A Processed foods—cheap, convenient, and beloved by many Americans—have once again been proven harmful to our health. Higher consumption of ultra-processed foods was associated with an increased risk of heart disease and death, according to a study carried out this week in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology. Past research has also linked these preservative-laden(含防腐剂的) foods to weight gain, cancer, and early death. Many studies, including the recent cardiology paper, have proven that the health risks are higher for people who eat a greater quantity of processed foods. Each daily serving of ultra-processed food—such as a single protein bar or a 12 oz can of soda—was associated with a 7% increase in the risk of dying of cardiovascular disease and a 9% increase in the risk of dying from heart disease, based on data from more than 3,000 adults followed for nearly 20 years. “Still, processed foods are ‘ubiquitous’ in our diets,” lead author Filipa Juul said in a press release. Although we know they’re bad for our health, ultra-processed foods account for more than half of the daily calories in the average American diet. Even seemingly healthy options like protein bars, breakfast cereals, and most industrially produced breads are filled with preservatives and added sugar, salt, and fat. “As a poor diet is a major risk factor for heart disease, it represents a critical target in prevention efforts,” Juul, a researcher at the New York University School of Public Health, said in the press release. The authors recommended taxing(征税) processed foods with added sugar as a possible incentive(刺激) to reduce consumption. More importantly, they acknowledged the need to make more nutritious choices available and affordable, especially for populations that have historically lacked that access. “Ultimately, the goal should be to make the unhealthy choice the hard choice and the healthy choice the easy choice,” Robert J. Ostfeld, MD, MSc, and Kathleen E. Allen, MS, RD, wrote in an editorial accompanying the study. 1.How does the author illustrate the effect of ultra-processed food in Paragraph 3? A.By giving examples. B.By listing figures. C.By analyzing causes. D.By making predictions. 2.What does the underlined word “ubiquitous” in Paragraph 4 mean? A.Unavoidable. B.Priceless. C.Complicated. D.Luxurious. 3.What does the last paragraph focus on? A.Methods of reducing consumption. B.Different factors for heart disease. C.The accessibility of healthy food. D.The necessity of resisting processed foods. 4.What is the best title for the text? A.Taxing Processed Foods Remain an Urgent Task B.Mysteries of Heart Disease Have Been Uncovered C.Choosing Your Diet Carefully Makes a Great Difference D.Eating Ultra-Processed Foods Increases Heart Disease Risk B (2024·浙江绍兴统考) In a groundbreaking effort, scientists at the University of Rochester have successfully transferred a longevity gene from naked mole rats to mice, leading to enhanced health and a longer lifespan for the mice. Unlike many other species, the rats do not often contract diseases—including cancer—as they age. Vera Gorbunova, the Doris Johns Cherry Professor of biology and medicine at Rochester, along with Andrei Seluanov, a professor of biology, and their colleagues have devoted decades of research to understanding the unique mechanisms(机制) that the naked mole rats use to protect themselves against aging and diseases. The researchers discovered that HMW-HA is one mechanism responsible for the rats’ unusual resistance to cancer. Compared to mice and humans, naked mole rats have about ten times more HMW-HA in their bodies. When the researchers removed HMW-HA from the rat cells, the cells were more likely to form tumors(肿瘤). “Our study provides proof of principle that unique longevity mechanisms that evolved in long-lived mammals can be exported to improve the lifespans of other mammals,” says Gorbunova. The Rochester researchers report in a study published in Nature that they successfully transferred a gene responsible for making HMW-HA from a naked mole rat to mice. This led to improved health and an approximate 4.4 percent increase in the median lifespan for the mice. By introducing a specific gene responsible for enhanced cellular repair and protection into mice, the researchers have opened exciting possibilities for unlocking the secrets of aging and extending human lifespan. “It took us 10 years from the discovery of HMW-HA in the naked mole rat to showing that HMW-HA improves health in mice,” Gorbunova says. “Our next goal is to transfer this benefit to humans.” They believe they can accomplish this through two routes:either by slowing down the degradation of HMW-HA or by enhancing HMW-HA synthesis. “We hope that our findings will provide the first, but not the last, example of how longevity adaptations from a long-lived species can be adapted to benefit human longevity and health,” Seluanov says. 5.What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A.The beneficial effects of HMW-HA on humans. B.The comparison between mice and humans in longevity. C.The process of transferring genes producing HMW-HA. D.The discovery of a unique mechanism for cancer resistance. 6.What can we learn about the Rochester researchers? A.They have uncovered the secrets of humans. B.They managed to end the weakening of HMW-HA. C.They are planning to export longevity genes to humans. D.They have spent 10 years trying to discover HMW-HA. 7.What does Seluanov think of the prospect of extending human lifespan? A.Hopeful. B.Profitable. C.Doubtful. D.Uncertain. 8.Which of the following is the best title for the text? A.Promise Shown in Control of Human Genes B.Scientists Successfully Transfer Longevity Gene C.Achievement Made in Extending Human Lifespan D.New Breakthrough Paves the Way for Curing Cancer C Three scientists who played central roles in the discovery of the hepatitis C virus(丙型肝炎病毒) have been awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2020.This prize will be shared by Michael Houghton,from the United Kingdom,and the United States scientists Harvey J.Alter and Charles M.Rice,who all made notable contributions toward the discovery of the blood-borne virus that causes chronic(慢性的)liver problems. Alter demonstrated in the 1970s that some people who received blood transfusions(输血) would develop cases of hepatitis that were not caused by the hepatitis A or B viruses,suggesting that another infectious agent was to blame.In the 1980s,Houghton managed to isolate(分离) the genetic sequence of the virus,while Rice proved that the pathogen(病原体) could replicate and cause infection.The World Health Organization estimates that around 71 million people worldwide live with hepatitis C,which can cause major liver complications(并发症) and,in some cases,death. The Nobel Assembly said the three researchers had contributed to a “landmark achievement in the ongoing battle against viral diseases”.“The discovery of the hepatitis C virus revealed the cause of the remaining cases of chronic hepatitis and made blood tests and new medicines that have saved millions of lives possible,” the assembly said in a statement.“Thanks to their discovery,highly sensitive blood tests for the virus are now available, and these have essentially eliminated post-transfusion hepatitis in many parts of the world,greatly improving global health.” The assembly said that the discoveries performed by the newly minted Nobel Laureates also allowed for the rapid development of antiviral drugs directed at hepatitis C.“For the first time in history,the disease can now be cured,raising hopes of eradicating the hepatitis C virus from the world population”,the statement said. The award for physiology and medicine is the first of the Nobel Prizes to be handed out this year,with prizes in physics,chemistry,literature,peace, and economics to follow during the next seven days. 9.What was the important discovery of three scientists? A.The hepatitis A virus. B.The hepatitis B virus. C.The hepatitis C virus. D.The risk of blood transfusions. 10.Who succeeded in extracting the sequence of the virus? A.Michael Houghton. B.Harvey J.Alter. C.Charles M.Rice. D.The World Health Organization. 11.What’s the main idea of Paragraph 3? A.The significance of the discovery. B.The course of the discovery. C.The disadvantage of the discovery. D.The harm of the hepatitis. 12.What does the underlined word “eradicating” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A.Discovering. B.Knowing. C.Analysing. D.Getting rid of. Ⅱ.完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分) (2024·山东菏泽校考) In 2008, first-grade teacher Alvin Irby stopped by a barbershop(理发店) after school for a haircut. Before long, one of his students 　13　. “He seems impatient and bored,” Irby recalls. “I look at this 　14　 thinking, ‘He should be practicing his reading.’But I don’t see a 　15　 there.”  That moment stayed with Irby, and five years later he 　16　 Barbershop Books, a nonprofit. “Many kids 　17　 reading with something they do in or for school,” Irby says. “If the only place a kid practices reading is during a lesson, the progress will be 　18　...Our program is about getting kids to say three words:‘I’m a reader.’”  Irby’s program may seem easy, but there’s a lot of 　19　 behind it. He puts a colorful, kid-sized bookshelf in each barbershop, making it 　20　 to children. The books displayed are all carefully chosen based on recommendations for kids aged 4 to 8, his target audience. For Irby, the most important 　21　 of a book is that it should be fun to read.  Putting books in barbershop is not the finish line. Irby says, “Many kids 　22　 see adults reading.” So, Irby 　23　 the barbers in his program—training them to engage kids about reading. “We 　24　 barbers to use the reading spaces,” he says. “Then they can talk to the kids about how they like reading.”  Irby believes that discussing books with a barber can be 　25　 for the kids. “Our goal is not to 　26　 barbers into tutors(导师),” Irby says. “This is a good 　27　 to provide kids with role models.”  13.A.went away B.stood up C.stepped aside D.came in 14.A.chair B.mirror C.student D.worker 15.A.book B.coach C.parent D.picture 16.A.replaced B.founded C.remembered D.checked 17.A.cover B.equip C.confuse D.associate 18.A.wise B.proud C.slow D.sure 19.A.consideration B.curiosity C.experience D.hesitation 20.A.casual B.attractive C.secret D.familiar 21.A.dream B.reply C.method D.quality 22.A.safely B.hardly C.partly D.slightly 23.A.praises B.observes C.involves D.misses 24.A.encourage B.promise C.teach D.warn 25.A.powerful B.confident C.concrete D.generous 26.A.put B.force C.turn D.divide 27.A.position B.invitation C.memory D.chance 参考答案 Ⅰ.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究发现,食用过多的超加工食品会增加患心脏病和死亡的风险。 1.B　推理判断题。第三段中用“a 12 oz can of soda”等具体的数据来说明食用超加工食品对身体的危害,可推知,作者通过列数字说明超加工食品的影响。 2.A　词义猜测题。由本段后两句可知,虽然加工食品危害健康,但它们在美国人的日常饮食中占较大比重,而且在一些看似健康的食品中也含有各种添加剂,这也就说明加工食品“无处不在”,由此推知ubiquitous与unavoidable意思接近。 3.C　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知,医学博士呼吁我们让健康食物的选择变成容易的选择,即让人们更容易买到健康的食物。由此推知,最后一段关注的是健康食品的可及性。 4.D　主旨大意题。通读全文,特别是第一段可知,本文主要介绍了一项研究发现,食用过多的超加工食品会增加患心脏病和死亡的风险。所以,D选项与文章主旨相符。 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家们将一种长寿基因从裸鼹鼠转移到老鼠身上,使老鼠更健康,寿命更长。文章介绍了研究开展经过及未来研究方向。 5.D　主旨大意题。根据第二段中“Vera Gorbunova,the Doris Johns Cherry Professor...more likely to form tumors.”可知,第二段主要讲了科学家们在裸鼹鼠体内发现了一种独特的抗癌机制。 6.C　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“By introducing...extending human lifespan.”及“Our next goal is to transfer this benefit to humans.”可知,罗切斯特大学的研究人员计划向人类输出长寿基因。 7.A　推理判断题。根据最后一段中“We hope that...and health.”可推知,Seluanov对延长人类寿命的前景充满希望。 8.B　主旨大意题。根据第一段“In a groundbreaking effort...a longer lifespan for the mice.”并结合文章介绍的研究开展的经过以及未来的研究方向可知,B选项“科学家成功转移长寿基因”最符合文章标题。 【语篇导读】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了2020年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖授予三位在发现丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)过程中做出决定性贡献的科学家,以表彰他们在对抗病毒性疾病领域的里程碑成就。 9.C　细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Three scientists who played central roles in the discovery of the hepatitis C virus have been awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2020.”可知,三位科学家的重要发现是丙型肝炎病毒,A选项为甲型肝炎病毒,B选项为乙型肝炎病毒,D选项为输血风险,均不符合,故选C。 10.A　细节理解题。根据文章第二段“In the 1980s,Houghton managed to isolate the genetic sequence of the virus”可知,Houghton成功分离出病毒的基因序列,B选项Alter的贡献是发现非甲非乙型肝炎的存在,C选项Rice的贡献是证明病原体可复制并引发感染,D选项世界卫生组织是提供相关数据,均不符合,故选A。 11.A　主旨大意题。第三段主要讲述了诺贝尔奖委员会对丙型肝炎病毒发现意义的评价,包括揭示慢性肝炎病因、使血液检测和新药研发成为可能、挽救生命、消除输血后肝炎以及促进抗病毒药物发展等,A选项“发现的意义”符合段落主旨;B选项“发现的过程”在第二段,C选项“发现的缺点”未提及,D选项“肝炎的危害”在第二段末尾提及但非第三段主旨,故选A。 12.D　词义猜测题。根据第三段“For the first time in history,the disease can now be cured,raising hopes of eradicating the hepatitis C virus from the world population”可知,疾病可被治愈,因此带来从世界人口中“消除”丙型肝炎病毒的希望,A选项“发现”、B选项“知道”、C选项“分析”均不符合语境,D选项“消除”符合,故选D。 Ⅱ.【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了Alvin Irby创立的Barbershop Books非营利组织,通过在理发店放置书架,让孩子们将阅读与乐趣联系在一起。 13.D　根据下文“He seems impatient and bored...But I don’t see a 　15　 there.”可知,Alvin Irby在理发店的时候一个学生进来了。  14.C　根据上文“Before long,one of his students...He seems impatient...”可知,Alvin Irby是看到了他的一个学生走了进来,自己的学生看起来不耐烦又无聊,内心才觉得这个学生应该阅读。 15.A　根据上文“He should be practicing his reading.”可知,Irby认为孩子可以阅读;而根据句首的“But”可知,空处指的是Irby没有看到书籍。 16.B　根据下文“Barbershop Books,a nonprofit”和“Our program is about getting kids to say three words:‘I’m a reader.’”可知,这个非营利组织Barbershop Books是由他创办的。 17.D　根据下文“reading with something they do in or for school”和“If the only place a kid practices reading is during a lesson”可知,空处指的是许多孩子把阅读和他们在学校做的事情联系在一起。associate...with...意为“把……与……联系起来”。 18.C　根据上文“If the only place a kid practices reading is during a lesson”及下文“Our program is about getting kids to say three words:‘I’m a reader.’”可知,他认为如果孩子只在学校上课的时候阅读,那么进步就会缓慢。 19.A　根据下文“He puts a colorful...his target audience.”可知,这个项目的背后有很多需要考虑的事情。 20.B　根据下文“The books displayed...it should be fun to read.”可知,他所挑选的书都是推荐给孩子的,且是有趣的,由此可知,他所挑选的书对孩子而言都是有吸引力的。 21.D　根据空后的“it should be fun to read”可知,对Irby来说,一本书最重要的品质是它应该读起来有趣。 22.B　根据下文“So,Irby 　23　 the barbers...he says.”可知,许多孩子几乎看不到成年人读书,所以Irby鼓励理发师也参与读书。  23.C　根据下文“Then they can talk to the kids about how they like reading.”可知,Irby让理发师参与到他的项目中一起读书。 24.A　根据上下文可知,该项目鼓励理发师使用阅读空间。 25.A　根据上下文可知,Irby认为理发师和孩子讨论书籍的方法是有效的,这是为孩子们树立榜样的好方法,能够让孩子们参与读书。 26.C　根据下文“barbers into tutors”可知,短语turn...into...意为“将……变成……”,符合语境,指的是这个项目不是把理发师变成导师,而是希望能够对孩子有一定影响。 27.D　根据下文“provide kids with role models”可知,让理发师和孩子们讨论书籍是给孩子们树立榜样的好机会。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $