Unit 4 Living with Technology 词形变化背诵单及巩固练习-2026-2027学年高中英语译林版（2020）选择性必修第二册

选择性必修二 Unit 4 词形变化背诵单及巩固练习 一．重点词汇词形变化 1．analyse vt. 分析 → analysis n. 分析 2．finance n. 财政，金融　vt. 提供资金 → financial adj. 财政的，金融的 3．threaten vt. 威胁，恐吓 → threat n. 构成威胁的人(或事物)；威胁，恐吓 4．demand vt. & n. 需要；强烈要求 → demanding adj. 苛求的，要求高的 5．greedy adj. 贪心的，贪婪的 → greed n. 贪婪，贪心 → greedily adv. 贪婪地 6．distribute vt. 分发，分配；使分布 → distribution n. 分送；分配，分布 7．justify vt. 证明……正当 → justified adj. 合乎情理的；有正当理由的 8．superior adj. 更好的；占优势的 → superiority n. 优越感；优势 9．define vt. 给……下定义 → definition n. 定义；释义 10．practice n. 实践；通常的做法 → practical adj. 实际的；切实可行的 11．academic adj. 教学的，学术的 → academically adv. 学业上，学术上 12．engage vt. & vi. 吸引住；雇用；订婚 → engagement n. 订婚；约会；雇用 13．optimism n. 乐观；乐观主义 → optimistic adj. 乐观的 14．annoy vt. 使恼怒，使生气 → annoyed adj. 恼怒的，生气的 → annoying adj. 令人讨厌的 → annoyance n. 烦恼 15．envy n. & vt. 羡慕，忌妒 → envious adj. 羡慕的，忌妒的 16．urge vt. 敦促，催促 → urgent adj. 紧急的 → urgency n. 紧急，紧迫 17．warn vt. 警告 → warning n. 警告，先兆；警戒 18．conclude vt. & vi. 断定，推断出 → conclusion n. 结论 19．expense n. 费用；开支 → expensive adj. 昂贵的 二．巩固练习 根据句意，用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空，使句子完整、通顺。 1．A careful ________ (analyse) of the figures collected over the past three years has finally revealed a change that none of the experts present at the meeting had expected. 2．It was his ________ (greedy) for quick money that pushed him into a decision which he would regret for the rest of his life. 3．She was clearly ________ (annoy) by the constant noise from the building site next door, so she decided to make a formal complaint. 4．Looking after a class of forty lively teenagers proved far more ________ (demand) than the young teacher had imagined when she first chose her profession. 5．The doctor said that the patient was in need of ________ (urge) treatment, so the ambulance rushed him to the nearest hospital at once. 6．The ________ (define) of happiness offered by the philosopher in his lecture was so abstract that few of the students could follow it. 7．Her anger was perfectly ________ (justify), for she had been kept waiting for two hours without a single word of explanation. 8．By the time the report appeared in the newspaper, the team ________ (analyse) every one of the water samples twice. 9．What sounds perfectly reasonable in theory often turns out to be far from ________ (practice) when it is put to the test in real life. 10．He could not help feeling a little ________ (envy) when he saw his former roommate driving a brand-new car. 11．The little boy stared at the chocolate cake on the table and swallowed ________ (greedy), hoping that nobody would notice what he was doing. 12．The sense of ________ (superior) which he tried hard to hide made it almost impossible for his classmates to work with him. 13．It is extremely ________ (annoy) when someone interrupts you at the very moment you are about to work out the answer to a difficult problem. 14．The villagers had received no ________ (warn) at all before the flood swept through their homes and carried away everything they owned. 15．Although the new community library was meant to serve the whole town, it could never have been completed without the ________ (finance) support of several local companies. 16．Their ________ (engage) was announced in the local newspaper, and the whole village turned out to celebrate with the young couple. 17．Living in the city centre is certainly convenient, but the rent there is so ________ (expense) that most young people choose to live further out. 18．Over the past thirty years, the rising sea ________ (threat) dozens of coastal villages, and yet little has been done to stop it. 19．The ________ (urge) of the situation left the rescue team no time to think, and they had to act the moment they arrived. 20．Although she grew up in a poor mountain village, she performed ________ (academic) well enough to win a scholarship to a top university. 21．The fair ________ (distribute) of the limited water among the villagers has remained a problem that nobody dares to discuss openly. 22．Despite the repeated failures of the past two seasons, the coach remained ________ (optimism) about his team's chances in the year ahead. 23．To my great ________ (annoy), the train I had been waiting for pulled out of the station just one minute before I reached the platform. 24．After examining all the evidence once again, the committee came to the ________ (conclude) that the accident could easily have been avoided. 参考答案 1．【答案】analysis 【考点】词形变化——形容词 careful 后接名词作主语。 【派生】analyse vt. 分析 → analysis n. 分析（可数名词，复数 analyses）。 【句析】A careful analysis of the figures... 为全句主语，谓语为 has finally revealed；collected over the past three years 为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰 the figures；that 引导定语从句修饰 a change，从句中 none of the experts present at the meeting 作主语。 2．【答案】greed 【考点】词形变化——形容词性物主代词 his 后接名词。 【派生】greedy adj. 贪心的 → greed n. 贪婪，贪心（不可数名词）。 【句析】It was... that... 为强调句型，被强调部分是 his greed for quick money；that 后主语为 he，谓语为 pushed... into a decision；which he would regret for the rest of his life 为定语从句，修饰 a decision。 3．【答案】annoyed 【考点】词形变化——be 后接形容词化的过去分词，说明人的心理状态。 【派生】annoy vt. 使恼怒 → annoyed adj. 恼怒的，生气的 → annoying adj. 令人讨厌的 → annoyance n. 烦恼。 【句析】She was clearly annoyed by... 为具有被动意义的系表结构，annoyed 说明主语 she 的感受；so 连接结果分句，she decided to make a formal complaint 中 to make... 为不定式作宾语。 4．【答案】demanding 【考点】词形变化——比较级 more 后接形容词。 【派生】demand vt. & n. 需要；强烈要求 → demanding adj. 苛求的，要求高的。 【句析】Looking after a class of forty lively teenagers 为动名词短语作主语；more demanding than... 为比较结构，than 后接 the young teacher had imagined 为比较状语从句；when she first chose her profession 为时间状语从句。 5．【答案】urgent 【考点】词形变化——修饰名词 treatment 用形容词。 【派生】urge vt. 敦促，催促 → urgent adj. 紧急的 → urgency n. 紧急，紧迫。 【句析】The doctor said that... 中 that 引导宾语从句；从句为 the patient was in need of urgent treatment；so 连接结果分句，the ambulance rushed him to the nearest hospital 为主谓宾结构，at once 作状语。 6．【答案】definition 【考点】词形变化——the 后接名词作主语。 【派生】define vt. 给……下定义 → definition n. 定义；释义。 【句析】The definition of happiness 为主句主语，offered by the philosopher in his lecture 为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰 definition；谓语为 was，so abstract that... 为“so... that...”引导的结果状语从句。 7．【答案】justified 【考点】词形变化——be 后接形容词作表语。 【派生】justify vt. 证明……正当 → justified adj. 合乎情理的；有正当理由的。 【句析】Her anger was perfectly justified 为系表结构；for 引导原因状语从句，从句为 she had been kept waiting for two hours，其中 keep sb. doing sth. 变为被动即 be kept doing；without a single word of explanation 在从句中作状语。 8．【答案】had analysed 【考点】动词时态——过去完成时（had + 过去分词）。 【派生】analyse vt. 分析 → analysis n. 分析（复数 analyses）；此处用过去分词 analysed 与 had 构成过去完成时。 【句析】By the time the report appeared in the newspaper 为时间状语从句，从句用一般过去时 appeared；主句动作 analyse 发生在从句动作之前，故用过去完成时 had analysed，表示“过去的过去”；every one of the water samples 作宾语，twice 作频度状语。 9．【答案】practical 【考点】词形变化——be far from 后接形容词。 【派生】practice n. 实践；通常的做法 → practical adj. 实际的；切实可行的。 【句析】What sounds perfectly reasonable in theory 为主语从句；often turns out to be 为谓语，far from practical 作表语；when it is put to the test in real life 为时间状语从句，用被动语态。 10．【答案】envious 【考点】词形变化——feeling 后接形容词作表语。 【派生】envy n. & vt. 羡慕，忌妒 → envious adj. 羡慕的，忌妒的。 【句析】He could not help feeling a little envious 中，could not help doing 意为“忍不住做某事”；when he saw his former roommate driving a brand-new car 为时间状语从句，driving... 为现在分词作宾语补足语。 11．【答案】greedily 【考点】词形变化——修饰动词 swallowed 用副词。 【派生】greedy adj. 贪心的 → greedily adv. 贪婪地；greed n. 贪婪。 【句析】主句为 The little boy stared... and swallowed greedily，两个动作用 and 并列；hoping that nobody would notice what he was doing 为现在分词短语作伴随状语，其中 that 引导宾语从句，what he was doing 在从句中作 notice 的宾语。 12．【答案】superiority 【考点】词形变化——介词 of 后接名词。 【派生】superior adj. 更好的；占优势的 → superiority n. 优越感；优势。 【句析】The sense of superiority 为主句主语，谓语为 made；which he tried hard to hide 为非限制性定语从句，修饰 superiority；it 为形式宾语，almost impossible 为宾语补足语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式短语 to work with him。 13．【答案】annoying 【考点】词形变化——It is 后接 -ing 形容词，说明事物“令人……”。 【派生】annoy vt. 使恼怒 → annoying adj. 令人讨厌的（-ing 形容词描述事物性质，-ed 形容词描述人的感受）。 【句析】It 为形式主语，真正的主语是 when 引导的主语从句；is extremely annoying 为系表结构；从句中 you are about to work out the answer to a difficult problem 为“be about to do”结构，to a difficult problem 作后置定语，修饰 the answer。 14．【答案】warning 【考点】词形变化——no 后接名词。 【派生】warn vt. 警告 → warning n. 警告，先兆；警戒（可数名词）。 【句析】主句为 The villagers had received no warning；before the flood swept through their homes and carried away everything they owned 为时间状语从句，从句中 swept 与 carried 并列，they owned 为省略关系代词的定语从句，修饰 everything。 15．【答案】financial 【考点】词形变化——修饰名词 support 用形容词。 【派生】finance n. 财政，金融；vt. 提供资金 → financial adj. 财政的，金融的。 【句析】Although 引导让步状语从句；主句 it could never have been completed 为“could never have done”结构，表示对过去情况的推测；介词短语 without the financial support of several local companies 作条件状语。 16．【答案】engagement 【考点】词形变化——形容词性物主代词 Their 后接名词。 【派生】engage vt. & vi. 吸引住；雇用；订婚 → engagement n. 订婚；约会；雇用。 【句析】Their engagement 为主句主语；and 连接两个并列分句，后一分句为 the whole village turned out to celebrate with the young couple，turn out 意为“出来（参加）”，to celebrate 为不定式作目的状语。 17．【答案】expensive 【考点】词形变化——so... that 结构中用形容词作表语。 【派生】expense n. 费用；开支 → expensive adj. 昂贵的。 【句析】前一分句 Living in the city centre is convenient 中，Living... 为动名词短语作主语，but 表转折；后一分句 the rent there is so expensive that... 为“so... that...”结构，that 引导结果状语从句，从句为 most young people choose to live further out。 18．【答案】has threatened 【考点】动词时态——现在完成时（has/have + 过去分词）。 【派生】threat n. 威胁，恐吓 → threaten vt. 威胁，恐吓；此处用过去分词 threatened 与 has 构成现在完成时。 【句析】介词短语 Over the past thirty years 是现在完成时的典型标志，主语 the rising sea 为第三人称单数，故谓语用 has threatened；and yet 连接并列分句，little has been done to stop it 同为现在完成时的被动语态，前后时态互相印证。 19．【答案】urgency 【考点】词形变化——the... of 结构中间需填名词。 【派生】urge vt. 敦促 → urgency n. 紧急，紧迫（不可数）。 【句析】The urgency of the situation 为主语，left the rescue team no time to think 为“leave sb. no time to do sth.”结构，其中 no time 是宾语，to think 是宾语补足语；and 连接并列分句，the moment they arrived 为时间状语从句，意为“一……就……”。 20．【答案】academically 【考点】词形变化——修饰动词 performed 用副词。 【派生】academic adj. 教学的，学术的 → academically adv. 学业上，学术上。 【句析】Although 引导让步状语从句；主句为 she performed academically well enough to win a scholarship，well enough to do 为“enough to”结构，表示结果。 21．【答案】distribution 【考点】词形变化——the 后接名词作主语。 【派生】distribute vt. 分发，分配；使分布 → distribution n. 分送；分配，分布（不可数）。 【句析】The fair distribution of the limited water among the villagers 为主句主语，谓语为 has remained；that nobody dares to discuss openly 为定语从句，修饰 a problem。 22．【答案】optimistic 【考点】词形变化——系动词 remain 后接形容词作表语。 【派生】optimism n. 乐观；乐观主义 → optimistic adj. 乐观的。 【句析】Despite 引出让步状语；主句为 the coach remained optimistic about his team's chances in the year ahead；介词短语 about... 作后置修饰，综合说明“对……持乐观态度”。 23．【答案】annoyance 【考点】词形变化——“to one's + 情感名词”结构。 【派生】annoy vt. 使恼怒 → annoyance n. 烦恼，恼火（不可数）。 【句析】To my great annoyance 为“to one's + 情感名词”结构，在句中作状语；主句为 the train pulled out of the station；I had been waiting for 为省略关系代词的定语从句，修饰 the train；just one minute before I reached the platform 为时间状语从句。 24．【答案】conclusion 【考点】词形变化——介词 to the 后接名词（come to the conclusion）。 【派生】conclude vt. & vi. 断定，推断出 → conclusion n. 结论。 【句析】After examining all the evidence once again 为“after + 动名词”作时间状语；主句为 the committee came to the conclusion；that 引导同位语从句，说明 conclusion 的具体内容。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $