内容正文:
必修二 Unit 2 Wildlife Protection
Reading 语言点导学案
姓名:__________ 班级:__________ 日期:__________
老师的话
同学们,这篇课文讲的是藏羚羊保护的故事。作者跟着向导扎西去羌塘国家级自然保护区,亲眼看到藏羚羊,也了解到它们曾经被非法猎杀、数量锐减,后来在政府保护下慢慢恢复了。这单元7个语言点,但语法点重——表语从句(why/because/that)和 only 倒装,都是语法填空和改错的常客,我讲的时候你们竖起耳朵听。
这单元的词看着都认识,但坑不少:reserve 到底是“保护区”还是“预订”?make out 跟 make up 怎么分?observe 三个意思(观察/遵守/庆祝)怎么记?recover 跟 remove 长得像,别搞混。intend 后面跟 to do 还是 doing?only 倒装怎么倒?我一个一个给你们点透,别光看不动手,该记的记旁边。
所有练习都绑着课文走,做完这张,藏羚羊的故事和语言点就全串起来了。好,开始。
一、这节课要搞定什么
1. 七个核心词块:reserve、make out、observe、remind、recover、remove、intend、threat。
2. 两个语法点:表语从句(This is why/because/that...)、only+状语置于句首的部分倒装。
3. 会用这些词块和句型写一篇80词左右的野生动物保护短文。
二、课前热身·读课文填原句
先把课文过一遍,下面七句全是原文,按课文顺序:保护区→看到羚羊→观察羚羊→想到危险→恢复移出→不停止保护→和谐共处。试着填,填不出来翻书,别空着。
1. What do you know about the Tibetan antelope and the Changtang National Nature __________(保护区)?
2. On the plain in front of us, we can just __________ __________(隐约看到)a herd of graceful animals.
3. This is why we're here—to __________(观察)Tibetan antelopes.
4. I'm also __________(使想起)of the danger they were in.
5. The antelope population has __________(恢复)and in June 2015, the Tibetan antelope was __________(移出)from the endangered species list.
6. The government, however, does not __________(打算)to stop the protection programmes, since the __________(威胁)to the Tibetan antelope have not yet disappeared.
7. Only when we learn to exist in __________(和谐)with nature can we stop being a threat to wildlife and to our planet.
三、七个语言点,一个个来
每个点先看课文原句,我讲用法,然后两道题——一道回扣课文,一道往高考延伸。语法点我讲慢一点,都跟上。
点1 reserve 保护区;预订;保留
【课文原句】What do you know about the Tibetan antelope and the Changtang National Nature Reserve?
你对藏羚羊和羌塘国家级自然保护区了解多少?
reserve 这个词意思多,都要会:名词,(动植物)保护区、储藏(量);动词,预订、预留、保留。课文里是名词“保护区”。
常见搭配记一下:a nature reserve 自然保护区;in reserve 储备、备用;reserve sth. for sb./sth. 为……预订/保留某物。
派生词:reservation 名词,保留、预定;make a reservation 预订;without reservation 毫无保留。注意了:reserve 去 e 加 ation 变成 reservation,别多写一个 e,这个拼写错过。
【回扣课文】完成句子(结合课文)
(1) The Changtang National Nature __________(保护区)is a shelter for the animals and plants of northwestern Xizang.
(2) These seats are __________(预留)for the elderly and women with babies.(被动语态,seats 和 reserve 是被动关系)
【往高考延伸】
(1) Keep a few pounds __________ __________(备用)to cover unexpected costs.(固定搭配)
(2) I'll call the restaurant to __________ __________ __________(预订).(名词短语)
点2 make out 看清;辨认出
【课文原句】On the plain in front of us, we can just make out a herd of graceful animals.
放眼平原,我们隐约看到一群体形优美的动物。
make out 看清、听清、辨认出、理解。课文里是“隐约看到”的意思。a herd of 一群(修饰动物)。
make 的短语特别多,都记一下,完形和语法填空爱考:make up 组成、构成、编造、化妆;make up for 弥补、补偿;make it 及时到达、取得成功;make up one's mind 下定决心;make room for 为……腾地方;make good/full use of 好好/充分利用。
注意了:make out 是“看清、辨认出”,make up 是“组成、编造”,make up for 是“弥补”,三个别搞混。看语境判断,后面跟“舞台、字迹”用 make out,跟“比例、人口”用 make up,跟“损失、时间”用 make up for。
【回扣课文】完成句子(结合课文)
(1) We can just __________ __________(隐约看到)a herd of graceful animals on the plain.
(2) I could hardly __________ __________(看清)the stage in the darkness.(黑暗中几乎看不清)
【往高考延伸】选词填空(make out / make up / make up for)
(1) American Indians __________ __________(构成)about five percent of the US population.
(2) Caroline doesn't have a gift for music, but she __________ __________ __________(弥补)it with hard work.(第三人称单数)
点3 why 引导表语从句 / observe 观察;遵守;庆祝
【课文原句】This is why we're here—to observe Tibetan antelopes.
这就是我们来这里的原因——观察藏羚羊。
This is why... 这就是……的原因,why 引导表语从句,后面跟结果。跟 This is because...(后面跟原因)要分清。
三个句型对比,一句话记住:This is why + 结果(这就是为什么……);This is because + 原因(这是因为……);The reason why...is that + 原因(……的原因是……)。这个语法填空和改错都考过,别 why 和 because 用反了。
重点来了:The reason why...is that... 后面用 that,不用 because!这个改错考过无数次了,看到 reason 后面跟 because 直接打叉。
observe 动词,三个意思都要会:观察(到)、注视;遵守;庆祝。课文里是“观察”。三个意思怎么记?观察→遵守规则→庆祝节日,一条线串起来。
observe 的复合结构,重点:observe sb. doing sth. 注意到某人正在做某事(动作正在进行);observe sb. do sth. 注意到某人做了某事(动作的全过程);observe sb./sth. done 注意到……被做。
注意了:observe sb. do sth. 变成被动语态时,不定式要加上 to,变成 sb. be observed to do sth.。这个跟 see/hear/watch 一样,主动语态不加 to,被动语态加 to。改错常考,别漏了 to。
常见搭配:observe traffic rules 遵守交通规则;observe the Spring Festival 庆祝春节。
【回扣课文】完成句子(结合课文)
(1) This is __________ we're here—to observe Tibetan antelopes.(后面是结果还是原因?)
(2) From space, the earth looks blue. This is __________ about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water.(后面是原因)
【往高考延伸】
(1) Thousands of people observed the ship __________(leave)the harbour.(注意到船正在离开,用 doing 还是 do?)
(2) They are shocked to find that in this beautiful town the traffic rules are not strictly __________(observe).(被动语态,规则被遵守)
(3) The thief was observed __________(open)the window and run away.(被动语态,不定式加不加 to?)
点4 remind 提醒;使想起
【课文原句】I'm also reminded of the danger they were in.
我也想到它们所处的危险。
remind 动词,提醒、使想起。三个句型必须记住:remind sb. of sth. 使某人想起某事;remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事;remind sb. that/wh- 从句 提醒某人……。
课文里 I'm reminded of the danger 是被动语态,“我被使想起危险”,也就是“我想到了危险”。
跟 remind sb. of sth. 结构一样的动词还有,放一起记:cure sb. of sth. 治愈某人……(病);rid sb. of sth. 使某人摆脱某事/物;inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某事/物;warn sb. of sth. 提醒/警告某人某事/物。这几个都是“动词+sb.+of+sth.”,完形爱考。
【回扣课文】完成句子(结合课文)
(1) I'm also __________(使想起)of the danger they were in.(被动语态)
(2) What he said just now reminded me __________ that Chinese professor.(remind sb. of,用什么介词?)
【往高考延伸】
(1) He reminded me __________(turn)off the lights when I went out.(remind sb. to do,用不定式)
(2) Michael put up a picture of the man beside the bed to keep himself __________(remind)of his own dreams.(keep sb. done,使某人被提醒,用过去分词)
点5 recover 恢复;康复 / remove 去除;移开
【课文原句】The antelope population has recovered and in June 2015, the Tibetan antelope was removed from the endangered species list.
藏羚羊的数量已经恢复,2015年6月,藏羚羊从濒危物种名单中被移出。
recover 动词,恢复、康复(不及物);找回、寻回(及物)。recover from 从……中恢复;recover oneself 静下心来、恢复镇定。
派生词:recovery 名词,恢复、痊愈、复得;make a recovery from 从……中恢复过来;make a full/quick/slow recovery 完全康复/恢复很快/缓慢。
前缀 re- 表示“重、又、再”,类似的词记一下,猜词有用:repeat 重复,return 回来,rebuild 重建,review 复习,rewrite 重写。
remove 动词,去除、移开、脱去。remove...from... 把……从……移开/撤掉;remove sb. from one's post/office 撤职、开除;remove sb. from school 开除某人;remove one's doubt/trouble/fear 消除某人的疑虑/烦恼/恐惧;remove from...to... 从……搬到……。
注意了:recover 是“恢复”,remove 是“移除”,两个词长得像但意思完全不同,别搞混。看语境:数量恢复用 recover,从名单移出用 remove。一个是“回来”,一个是“拿走”,方向都不一样。
【回扣课文】完成句子(结合课文)
(1) The antelope population has __________(恢复)and in June 2015, the Tibetan antelope was __________(移出)from the endangered species list.
(2) She recovered __________ her surprise, and answered calmly.(recover from,从惊讶中恢复)
【往高考延伸】
(1) About some minutes later, the girl recovered __________(her).(recover oneself,静下心来,用反身代词)
(2) To his parents' relief, the boy made a quick __________(recover)after the operation.(名词形式)
(3) You look so worried. You must remove yourself __________ pressure.(remove...from...,从……中移除)
(4) He __________ __________ __________(被开除了)the post because he broke the rules.(被动语态,过去时)
点6 intend 打算;计划 / threat 威胁
【课文原句】The government, however, does not intend to stop the protection programmes, since the threats to the Tibetan antelope have not yet disappeared.
然而,政府并没有打算停止这些保护项目,因为对藏羚羊的威胁依然存在。
intend 动词,打算、计划、想要。三个句型:intend to do/doing sth. 打算做某事(to do 和 doing 都可以);intend sb. to do sth. 打算让某人做某事;be intended for 是为……而提供/设计的。
注意了:intend 后面跟 to do 或 doing 都可以,但 intend sb. 后面只能跟 to do,不能跟 doing。这个选择题考过,别在 sb. 后面写 doing。
threat 名词,威胁。a threat to... 对……的威胁;under threat from 受到……的威胁;the threat of violence 暴力威胁。
派生词:threaten 动词,威胁、危及;threaten sb. with... 用……威胁某人;threaten to do sth. 威胁做某事;threaten one's life 危及某人的生命。
【回扣课文】完成句子(结合课文)
(1) The government does not __________(打算)to stop the protection programmes.
(2) The __________(威胁)to the Tibetan antelope have not yet disappeared.(注意后面是 have,主语用单数还是复数?)
【往高考延伸】
(1) The hunter intended __________(sell)the goods to make a profit.(intend to do/doing,都可以)
(2) I looked carefully at the text and realised that it was intended __________ women in the countryside.(be intended for,为……而设计)
(3) These ancient woodlands __________ __________ __________ __________(受到……的威胁)new road developments.(固定搭配)
(4) The fighting is __________ __________ __________ __________(对……的一个很大威胁)the safety in the region.(a major threat to)
点7 only+状语置于句首的部分倒装 / exist in harmony with nature
【课文原句】Only when we learn to exist in harmony with nature can we stop being a threat to wildlife and to our planet.
只有学会和大自然和谐共处,我们才不会成为野生生物和地球的威胁。
这是 only+状语从句置于句首引起的部分倒装。正常语序是:We can stop being a threat... only when we learn to exist in harmony with nature. 把 only when 从句提到句首,主句要部分倒装,把情态动词 can 提到主语 we 前面。
部分倒装的规则:“only+状语(副词/介词短语/从句)”提至句首以示强调时,后面的句子或主句要用部分倒装,即把助动词、情态动词或 be 动词提到主语前面。
三个注意点,都考过,别搞错了:第一,如果 only 不放在句首,不用倒装;第二,若 only 修饰主语,也不倒装(比如 Only he can solve this problem. only 修饰主语 he,不倒装);第三,only 修饰状语从句时,状语从句本身不倒装,只有主句倒装。这三条记住,倒装题就不会错。
exist in harmony with nature 与自然和谐相处。harmony 名词,和谐;in harmony with 与……和谐相处。这个短语作文里好用,记一下。
【回扣课文】完成句子(结合课文)
(1) Only when we learn to exist in harmony with nature __________ __________ stop being a threat to wildlife.(情态动词提前)
(2) Only then __________ __________(他才知道)how much damage had been caused.(only+副词 then 在句首,助动词提前)
【往高考延伸】
(1) Only by talking face to face __________ __________ __________ __________(我们才能有机会)to persuade him to change his mind.(only+介词短语在句首)
(2) Only when Lily walked into the office __________ __________ __________(她才意识到)that she had left the contract at home.(only+状语从句在句首,主句倒装)
(3) 判断改错:Only he can solve this difficult problem. → 这句话倒不倒装?为什么?(only 修饰主语,不倒装)
四、语法小专题:两个句型一锅端
这单元语法点集中在两个句型,整理成表对比着记,语法填空和改错都爱考。
句型
结构
课文例句 & 考点
表语从句
This is why + 结果
This is because + 原因
The reason why...is that + 原因
This is why we're here.(后面是结果)
This is because I met an old friend.(后面是原因)
The reason why he was late is that he missed the bus.(reason 后面用 that,不用 because!)
only 倒装
Only + 状语(副词/介词短语/从句)在句首 → 主句部分倒装(助动词/情态动词/be 提前)
Only when we learn to exist in harmony with nature can we stop being a threat.
注意:only 修饰主语不倒装;状语从句本身不倒装;不在句首不倒装
【练一练】用所给词的正确形式填空或改错
(1) He was late for school. This is __________ he got up late.(后面是原因,用 why 还是 because?)
(2) He got up late. This is __________ he was late for school.(后面是结果)
(3) The reason why he was late is __________ he missed the bus.(reason 后面用 that 还是 because?)
(4) Only in this way __________ __________(我们才能)learn English well.(only+介词短语在句首,倒装)
(5) Only when he told me the truth __________ __________(我才意识到)I was wrong.(only+状语从句在句首,主句倒装)
(6) 改错:Only he can finish the task in such a short time. → 这句话倒不倒装?(only 修饰主语 he,不倒装,这句话是对的)
五、巩固提升
Ⅰ. 课文缩写语篇填空
下面是课文缩写,10个空,把这单元的点全串起来了。做完这道,藏羚羊的故事和语言点就清楚了。
Tibetan antelopes live on the plains of Xizang, Xinjiang, and Qinghai. (1)__________(watch)them move slowly across the green grass, I'm struck by their beauty. I'm also reminded (2)__________ the danger they were in. They were hunted, (3)__________(illegal), for their valuable fur.
My guide Zhaxi works at the Changtang National Nature (4)__________(保护区), which is a shelter for the animals and plants of northwestern Xizang. To Zhaxi, (5)__________(protect)the wildlife is a way of life.
The 1980s and 1990s (6)__________(be)bad times for the Tibetan antelope. Hunters were shooting antelopes (7)__________(make)profits. Their habitats were becoming smaller as new roads and railways were built. In order to save this species from (8)__________(extinct), the Chinese government placed it under national protection. The measures were (9)__________(effect). The antelope population has recovered and in June 2015, the Tibetan antelope was removed from the endangered species list. The government, (10)__________, does not intend to stop the protection programmes, since the threats to the Tibetan antelope have not yet disappeared.
Ⅱ. 课文句子翻译
1. 放眼平原,我们隐约看到一群体形优美的动物。(make out; a herd of)
2. 这就是我们来这里的原因——观察藏羚羊。(This is why...; observe)
3. 我也想到它们所处的危险。(remind sb. of; 被动语态)
4. 藏羚羊的数量已经恢复,2015年6月,藏羚羊从濒危物种名单中被移出。(recover; remove...from...)
5. 然而,政府并没有打算停止这些保护项目,因为对藏羚羊的威胁依然存在。(intend; threat)
6. 只有学会和大自然和谐共处,我们才不会成为野生生物和地球的威胁。(only 倒装; in harmony with)
六、动笔写一写
野生动物是人类的朋友,但目前许多野生动物正面临灭绝的危险。请结合本节课所学,谈一谈你对野生动物保护的看法以及保护的意义。80词左右。
要求:尽量用本单元的单词、短语和句型,如 reserve, observe, remind, recover, remove, intend, threat, exist in harmony with, only 倒装, 被动语态等。
按这个思路搭,别乱写:
开头——野生动物的现状(threat / endangered / under threat from)
中间——为什么要保护(remind / observe / exist in harmony with nature)
结尾——怎么保护,意义是什么(reserve / recover / only 倒装 / 被动语态)
参考答案
答案在这了,自己对。错的回去看对应的语言点,别光抄——抄没用,得搞清楚为啥错。
二、课前热身 答案
1. Reserve reserve 名词,保护区,Nature Reserve 自然保护区。
2. make out make out 看清、辨认出,课文里是“隐约看到”。
3. observe observe 动词,观察,课文里是“观察藏羚羊”。
4. reminded remind 动词,使想起,被动语态 I'm reminded of 我想到。
5. recovered; removed recover 恢复,现在完成时 has recovered;remove 移出,被动语态 was removed。
6. intend; threats intend 打算,intend to do;threat 威胁,后面是 have,用复数 threats。
7. harmony harmony 名词,和谐,exist in harmony with nature 与自然和谐相处。
三、课堂探究 答案
点1 reserve
回扣(1):Reserve reserve 名词,保护区,Nature Reserve 自然保护区。
回扣(2):reserved 被动语态,seats 和 reserve 是被动关系(座位被预留),用过去分词 reserved。
拓展(1):in reserve in reserve 储备、备用,固定搭配。
拓展(2):make a reservation make a reservation 预订,名词短语。
点2 make out
回扣(1):make out make out 看清、辨认出,课文里是“隐约看到”。
回扣(2):make out make out 看清,黑暗中几乎看不清舞台。
拓展(1):make up make up 组成、构成,美洲印第安人构成美国人口的5%。
拓展(2):makes up for make up for 弥补,主语 she 是第三人称单数,用 makes up for。
点3 why表语从句/observe
回扣(1):why This is why... 这就是……的原因,后面跟结果(我们来这里的原因)。
回扣(2):because This is because... 这是因为……,后面跟原因(地球看起来是蓝色的原因)。
拓展(1):leaving observe sb. doing sth. 注意到某人正在做某事,船正在离开港口,用 leaving。
拓展(2):observed 被动语态,traffic rules 和 observe 是被动关系(规则被遵守),用过去分词 observed。
拓展(3):to open 被动语态 observe sb. to do sth.,主动语态是 observe sb. do sth.(不加 to),被动语态要加 to。
点4 remind
回扣(1):reminded remind 动词,使想起,被动语态 I'm reminded of 我想到。
回扣(2):of remind sb. of sth. 使某人想起某事,固定搭配,用介词 of。
拓展(1):to turn remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事,用不定式 to turn。
拓展(2):reminded keep sb. done 使某人被……,himself 和 remind 是被动关系(使自己被提醒),用过去分词 reminded。
点5 recover/remove
回扣(1):recovered; removed recover 恢复,现在完成时 has recovered;remove 移出,被动语态 was removed。
回扣(2):from recover from 从……中恢复,固定搭配,用介词 from。
拓展(1):herself recover oneself 静下心来、恢复镇定,用反身代词 herself。
拓展(2):recovery make a recovery 恢复,名词形式,quick 修饰名词 recovery。
拓展(3):from remove...from... 把……从……移开,固定搭配,用介词 from。
拓展(4):was removed from 被动语态,一般过去时,he 和 remove 是被动关系(他被开除),用 was removed from。
点6 intend/threat
回扣(1):intend intend 打算,intend to do sth. 打算做某事。
回扣(2):threats threat 威胁,后面谓语是 have(复数),所以主语用复数 threats。
拓展(1):to sell/selling intend to do/doing sth. 打算做某事,to do 和 doing 都可以。
拓展(2):for be intended for 是为……而提供/设计的,固定搭配,用介词 for。
拓展(3):are under threat from under threat from 受到……的威胁,固定搭配,主语 woodlands 是复数,用 are。
拓展(4):a major threat to a threat to... 对……的威胁,固定搭配,用介词 to。
点7 only倒装
回扣(1):can we only+状语从句在句首,主句部分倒装,情态动词 can 提到主语 we 前面。
回扣(2):did he know only+副词 then 在句首,部分倒装,助动词 did 提到主语 he 前面。
拓展(1):can we have the chance only+介词短语 by talking... 在句首,部分倒装,情态动词 can 提到主语 we 前面。
拓展(2):did she realise only+状语从句 when Lily walked... 在句首,主句部分倒装,助动词 did 提到主语 she 前面。
拓展(3):不倒装。only 修饰主语 he,不是修饰状语,所以不倒装。这句话是对的。 only 修饰主语时不倒装,只有 only+状语在句首时才倒装。
四、语法小专题 答案
(1) because This is because... 后面跟原因(他起床晚了),用 because。
(2) why This is why... 后面跟结果(他上学迟到了),用 why。
(3) that The reason why...is that... 固定句型,reason 后面用 that,不用 because!这个改错常考。
(4) can we only+介词短语 in this way 在句首,部分倒装,情态动词 can 提到主语 we 前面。
(5) did I realise only+状语从句 when he told me... 在句首,主句部分倒装,助动词 did 提到主语 I 前面。
(6) 不倒装,这句话是对的。only 修饰主语 he,不是修饰状语,所以不倒装。 only 修饰主语时不倒装,只有 only+状语在句首时才倒装。
五、巩固提升 答案
Ⅰ. 语篇填空
(1) Watching 现在分词作状语,watch 和主语 I 是主动关系,用 Watching。
(2) of remind sb. of sth. 使某人想起某事,固定搭配,用介词 of。
(3) illegally 修饰动词 hunted 用副词,illegal 的副词形式是 illegally。
(4) Reserve reserve 名词,保护区,Nature Reserve 自然保护区。
(5) protecting 动名词作主语,protecting the wildlife 是主语,谓语用 is。
(6) were The 1980s and 1990s 作主语,表示两个年代,复数,用 were。
(7) to make 不定式表目的,猎杀羚羊是为了获利,用 to make。
(8) extinction save...from... 从……中拯救,from 是介词后跟名词,extinct 的名词形式是 extinction。
(9) effective 形容词作表语,effect 的形容词形式是 effective,有效的。
(10) however 转折连词,然而政府不打算停止保护项目,用 however。
Ⅱ. 翻译
1. On the plain in front of us, we can just make out a herd of graceful animals. make out 隐约看到;a herd of 一群。
2. This is why we're here—to observe Tibetan antelopes. This is why... 这就是……的原因,后面跟结果;observe 观察。
3. I'm also reminded of the danger they were in. remind sb. of 使某人想起,被动语态 I'm reminded of 我想到;they were in 是定语从句修饰 danger。
4. The antelope population has recovered and in June 2015, the Tibetan antelope was removed from the endangered species list. recover 恢复,现在完成时;remove...from... 从……移出,被动语态。
5. The government, however, does not intend to stop the protection programmes, since the threats to the Tibetan antelope have not yet disappeared. intend to do 打算做;threat 威胁,复数 threats;since 因为。
6. Only when we learn to exist in harmony with nature can we stop being a threat to wildlife and to our planet. only+状语从句在句首,主句部分倒装,情态动词 can 提前;exist in harmony with nature 与自然和谐相处。
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