Unit 2 词汇趣味讲义2026-2027学年教科版（五四学制）英语七年级上册

教科版（五四学制） · 七年级上册 Unit 2 词汇趣味讲义 Making History! · 94 个词条轻松拿下 （本讲义依据教科版（五四学制）七年级上册 Unit 2 Making History! 词汇表编写，收录全部 94 个词条。音标、词性与释义以课本为准。） 使用说明 · 30 分钟学习路线 ★ 目标：学完本讲义，你能认读、拼写本单元的 94 个词条，用英语谈论本单元话题。 ★ 路线：① 读一读热身故事，猜猜加粗单词的意思 → ② 对照“单词大本营”逐个记 → ③ 跟着“读音密码”读准 → ④ 背下“搭配加油站” → ⑤ 完成“趣味闯关”并对照答案。 Part 1 · 热身故事：《Making History!》 Making History! Our history class is about the development of human civilization. How did people behave in particular times? What did the long wars cause? We first study the Roman world. Latin was the language of both rich and poor. In the first century, long after BCE began, the fighting never stopped. After the founding of Rome, war followed war, and the formation of a great empire began. Several kings ruled the land, and each new kingdom greatly expanded its army. An oral story tells of a comrade who carried a warm cover of clothing through the mud. The slow progress of each soldier across the northwestern marsh is hard to imagine. The sick and the wounded helped one another. To cross the wet ground, they used a long stick. Some would fall into the marsh, but they still rose. They had to complete their mission. No one spoke of the loss of friends. They would lay their comrades gently down, and lay them to rest under the stars. The narrator says their spirit lives on. In colder lands, a dogsled team moved on. With great difficulty, they continued their journey. British explorers found a cave where rainbow colours danced on the wall. You can’t find such art anywhere else. They brought silk from the eastern capital to the northern village. Somebody said the road was magic; everybody was excited; didn’t anybody stop to rest? Nowhere else had so many treasures. Today, a large digital screen shows a copy of the original painting. Every visitor can step inside the gallery. You see energetic colours everywhere. This is a typical and successful figure in history. A naturalist and a biologist became interested in scientific research on their voyage. They noticed similar bones and concluded that animals had a common ancestor. Their important finding changed history. The museum now has a brand-new display of pre-existing art from an unknown time. On the lowest level of the museum, you can see a tree: a thick trunk and a broken branch. It looks exactly like a piece of obsidian, a black stone. The mirror was a well-developed technology. People made themselves a lamp from the rock. Long ago, a volcano would erupt, and the mirror shone in the ash. That is how history is made. （故事里的加粗词条共 94 个，正好是本单元的全部词汇——加油，你能行！） Part 2 · 单词大本营（94 个词条全收录） ★ 记单词有方法：拆词、谐音、联想、对比、成对记，找到适合你的那一招！ 序号 单词 音标 词性 释义 趣味记忆法 1 development /dɪˈveləpmənt/ n. 发展 develop 发展 + -ment 2 behave /bɪˈheɪv/ v. 表现 be- + have 拥有 → 表现 3 particular /pəˈtɪkjələ/ adj. 特别的，不寻常的 part 部分 + -icular → 特别的 4 cause /kɔːz/ v. 导致，引起，使发生 cause 原因 → 引起 5 Roman /ˈrəʊmən/ adj. 古罗马的 Rome 罗马 + -an 6 Latin /ˈlætn/ n. 拉丁语 Latin 拉丁 7 rich /rɪtʃ/ adj. 有钱的，富有的 rich 富 8 century /ˈsentʃəri/ n. 世纪 cent 百 + -ury → 一百年 9 fighting /ˈfaɪtɪŋ/ n. 战斗 fight 战斗 + -ing 10 founding /ˈfaʊndɪŋ/ n. 创建 found 创建 + -ing 11 BCE /ˌbiː siː ˈiː/ — 公元前 Before Common Era 缩写 12 war /wɔː/ n. 战争 war 战争 13 formation /fɔːˈmeɪʃən/ n. 形成 form 形成 + -ation 14 several /ˈsevrəl/ deter. 几个，一些 sever 分开 + -al → 几个 15 land /lænd/ n. 土地 land 土地 16 kingdom /ˈkɪŋdəm/ n. 王国 king 国王 + -dom 领域 17 greatly /ˈɡreɪtli/ adv. 极其，非常 great 大 + -ly 18 army /ˈɑːmi/ n. 陆军部队 arm 武器 + -y → 军队 19 oral /ˈɔːrəl/ adj. 口头的，口述的 or 口 + -al 20 comrade /ˈkɒmreɪd/ n. 战友 comrade 同志、战友 21 cover /ˈkʌvə/ v. 盖，覆盖 cover 覆盖 22 clothing /ˈkləʊðɪŋ/ n. 衣服 cloth 布 + -ing 总称 23 progress /ˈprəʊɡres/ n. 缓慢行进；进步 pro 向前 + gress 走 24 soldier /ˈsəʊldʒə/ n. 士兵，军人 sold 薪饷 + -ier → 领饷的人 25 sick /sɪk/ adj. 生病的 sick 病 26 wounded /ˈwuːndɪd/ adj. 受伤的，负伤的 wound 伤 + -ed 27 northwestern /ˌnɔːθˈwestən/ adj. 西北部的 north 北 + western 西的 28 cross /krɒs/ v. 横渡；穿过 cross 十字 → 穿过 29 wet /wet/ adj. 湿的 wet 湿 30 fall /fɔːl/ v. 摔倒，跌倒 fall 落下 31 marsh /mɑːʃ/ n. 沼泽，湿地 marsh 沼泽 32 stick /stɪk/ n. 棍，条 stick 棍 33 still /stɪl/ adv. 虽然如此；仍然 still 仍然 34 complete /kəmˈpliːt/ v. 完成 com 完全 + plete 满 35 mission /ˈmɪʃən/ n. 任务，使命 miss 送 + -ion → 使命 36 loss /lɒs/ n. 死亡，去世；损失 lose 的名词形式 37 lay /leɪ/ v. 安放 lay 放置 38 lay sb to rest — — 安葬某人 lay + to rest 固定搭配 39 narrator /nəˈreɪtə/ n. 叙述者 narrate 叙述 + -or 人 40 spirit /ˈspɪrɪt/ n. 精神 spirit 精神 41 dogsled /ˈdɒɡsled/ n. 狗拉雪橇 dog 狗 + sled 雪橇 42 difficulty /ˈdɪfɪkəlti/ n. 困难 difficult 困难 + -y 43 continue /kənˈtɪnjuː/ v. 继续 con 一起 + tinue 保持 44 British /ˈbrɪtɪʃ/ adj. 英国的 Britain 英国 + -ish 45 cave /keɪv/ n. 洞穴 cave 洞 46 rainbow /ˈreɪnbəʊ/ n. 彩虹 rain 雨 + bow 弓 47 anywhere /ˈeniweə/ adv. 任何地方 any 任何 + where 地方 48 silk /sɪlk/ n. 丝绸 silk 丝 49 somebody /ˈsʌmbədi/ pron. 某人 some + body 50 everybody /ˈevribɒdi/ pron. 每个人 every + body 51 anybody /ˈenibɒdi/ pron. 任何人 any + body 52 nowhere /ˈnəʊweə/ adv. 什么地方都不 no + where 53 eastern /ˈiːstən/ adj. 东部的 east 东 + -ern 54 capital /ˈkæpɪtl/ n. 首都 capit 头 + -al → 首都 55 northern /ˈnɔːðən/ adj. 北部的 north 北 + -ern 56 digital /ˈdɪdʒɪtl/ adj. 数字的，数码的 digit 数字 + -al 57 copy /ˈkɒpi/ n. 复制件；副本 copy 复制 58 large /lɑːdʒ/ adj. 巨大的；大的 large 大 59 original /əˈrɪdʒənl/ adj. 原作的，真迹的 origin 起源 + -al 60 visitor /ˈvɪzɪtə/ n. 参观者 visit 参观 + -or 人 61 step /step/ v. 跨步，迈步 step 步 62 everywhere /ˈevriweə/ adv. 在各个地方；处处 every + where 63 energetic /ˌenəˈdʒetɪk/ adj. 精力充沛的，充满活力的 energy 精力 + -etic 64 typical /ˈtɪpɪkl/ adj. 平常的；典型的 type 类型 + -ical 65 successful /səkˈsesfl/ adj. 成功的 success 成功 + -ful 66 village /ˈvɪlɪdʒ/ n. 乡村，村庄 villa 乡间别墅 + -ge 67 figure /ˈfɪɡə/ n. 人物；数字 figure 人物 68 naturalist /ˈnætʃrəlɪst/ n. 博物学家 nature 自然 + -list 学者 69 biologist /baɪˈɒlədʒɪst/ n. 生物学家 bio 生命 + logy 学科 + -ist 70 interested /ˈɪntrəstɪd/ adj. 感兴趣的 interest 兴趣 + -ed 71 scientific /ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk/ adj. 科学的 science 科学 + -tific 72 research /rɪˈsɜːtʃ/ n. 研究，探索 re 再 + search 搜寻 73 voyage /ˈvɔɪɪdʒ/ n. 航行 voy 路 + -age → 航行 74 notice /ˈnəʊtɪs/ v. 注意到 not 知道 + -ice → 注意 75 similar /ˈsɪmələ/ adj. 相似的 simil 相同 + -ar 76 conclude /kənˈkluːd/ v. 作出……结论，推断出 con 完全 + clude 关闭 → 下结论 77 common /ˈkɒmən/ adj. 共同的；普通的 com 一起 + mon → 共同 78 ancestor /ˈænsestə/ n. 祖先 an 前面 + cest 走 + -or → 先走的人 79 finding /ˈfaɪndɪŋ/ n. 结果，结论 find 发现 + -ing 80 brand-new /ˌbrænd ˈnjuː/ adj. 全新的 brand 品牌 + new 新 → 全新 81 pre-existing /ˌpriːɪɡˈzɪstɪŋ/ adj. 先于……存在的 pre 先 + existing 存在 82 display /dɪˈspleɪ/ n. 展览 dis 开 + play 折 → 展开展览 83 unknown /ˌʌnˈnəʊn/ adj. 不知道的，未知的 un 不 + known 知道 84 level /ˈlevl/ n. 层；水平 level 层 85 trunk /trʌŋk/ n. 树干 trunk 树干 86 branch /brɑːntʃ/ n. 树枝 branch 枝 87 exactly /ɪɡˈzæktli/ adv. 确切地 exact 确切 + -ly 88 obsidian /əbˈsɪdiən/ n. 黑曜石 音译：黑曜石 89 mirror /ˈmɪrə/ n. 镜子 mirror 镜 90 stone /stəʊn/ n. 石头，岩石 stone 石 91 well-developed /ˌwel dɪˈveləpt/ adj. 完善的；发达的 well 好 + developed 发展 92 themselves /ðəmˈselvz/ pron. 他们（或她们、它们）自己 them + selves 93 lamp /læmp/ n. 灯 lamp 灯 94 erupt /ɪˈrʌpt/ v. 爆发，喷发 e 出 + rupt 裂 → 喷出 Part 3 · 读音密码（4 条语音规律） ① 历史与战争：development、century、fighting、founding、war、formation、kingdom、army、soldier、mission。 ② 人物身份：narrator、comrade、visitor、naturalist、biologist、ancestor。 ③ 构词法：develop+-ment＝development；sick+-ness 类；north+western＝northwestern；some+body＝somebody；every+where＝everywhere；pre+existing＝pre-existing；well+developed＝well-developed。 ④ 词族联动：succeed→successful；science→scientific；nature→naturalist；biology→biologist；continue→continuing；erupt→eruption。 Part 4 · 搭配加油站（8 组高频搭配） 搭配 意思 例句（本单元情境） lay sb to rest 安葬某人 The soldiers laid their comrade to rest under the stars. oral story 口述故事 An old oral story tells of a long march. cross the marsh 穿过沼泽 It was hard to cross the wet marsh. complete a mission 完成任务 The soldiers completed their mission in the end. digital copy 数码副本 A digital copy of the painting is on the screen. scientific research 科学研究 The naturalist did scientific research on his voyage. common ancestor 共同祖先 They concluded that the two animals had a common ancestor. brand-new display 全新展览 The museum has a brand-new display of ancient art. Part 5 · 趣味闯关（6 关通关秘籍） 关卡一 · 单词消消乐（选词填空） 【soldier】　【marsh】　【voyage】　【original】　【visitor】　【ancestor】　【display】　【mission】　【digital】　【cave】 1. The sick and wounded ___ marched through the rain. 2. The wet ___ was hard to cross with a long stick. 3. Darwin went on a long ___ to study plants and animals. 4. The museum shows a copy, not the ___ painting. 5. Every ___ can step into the gallery for free. 6. We share a common ___ with many animals. 7. The new ___ of ancient tools opens this week. 8. The army had to complete their ___ before dark. 9. A ___ screen shows a clear copy of the old map. 10. Explorers found beautiful paintings inside the ___. 关卡二 · 火眼金睛（单项选择） 1. The Roman ___ was strong and well trained. A. army　B. cave　C. lamp　D. silk 2. Soldiers used a long ___ to walk across the wet marsh. A. branch　B. stick　C. mirror　D. level 3. The naturalist ___ that the two birds had a common ancestor. A. concluded　B. laid　C. erupted　D. fell 4. A ___ is someone who visits a museum. A. soldier　B. visitor　C. comrade　D. narrator 5. Long ago, the volcano would ___ and cover the village in ash. A. continue　B. step　C. erupt　D. cross 6. People made ___ a warm lamp from the rock. A. themselves　B. anybody　C. somebody　D. everywhere 关卡三 · 单词找房间（词性分类） 把下列 12 个单词按词性送进正确的“房间”（填序号即可）。 1. development　2. Roman　3. century　4. soldier　5. wounded　6. difficulty　7. continue　8. original　9. naturalist　10. scientific　11. erupt　12. brand-new 房间 住进来的单词（填序号） 名词房 ____________________ 动词房 ____________________ 形容词房 ____________________ 关卡四 · 最佳搭档（搭配连线） 把左边的词与右边正确的意思连起来。 左（单词） 右（意思） 1. army a. 任务，使命 2. mission b. 祖先 3. ancestor c. 陆军部队 4. voyage d. 航行 5. display e. 展览 6. original f. 原作的 7. energetic g. 精力充沛的 8. unknown h. 未知的 关卡五 · 我是翻译官（中译英） 1. 几个士兵艰难地穿过了西北部的沼泽。 2. 这位博物学家在航行中做了科学研究。 3. 博物馆展出了一幅原作的数字副本。 4. 他们推断这两种动物有共同的祖先。 5. 火山会喷发，村庄会被灰覆盖。 6. 没有人知道这个未知洞穴里藏着什么。 关卡六 · 谜语大挑战（脑筋急转弯） 1. I am a long journey by sea to study nature. What am I? 2. I am the person who tells a story in a book or film. What am I? 3. I am a mountain that can erupt and send out hot ash. What am I? Part 6 · 参考答案 关卡一 · 单词消消乐 1. soldier　2. marsh　3. voyage　4. original　5. visitor　6. ancestor　7. display　8. mission　9. digital　10. cave 关卡二 · 火眼金睛 1. A　2. B　3. A　4. B　5. C　6. A 关卡三 · 单词找房间 名词房：1、3、4、6、9；　动词房：7、11；　形容词房：2、5、8、10、12。 关卡四 · 最佳搭档 1-c　2-a　3-b　4-d　5-e　6-f　7-g　8-h 关卡五 · 我是翻译官（参考答案） 1. Several soldiers crossed the northwestern marsh with great difficulty. 2. The naturalist did scientific research on his voyage. 3. The museum shows a digital copy of the original painting. 4. They concluded that the two animals had a common ancestor. 5. The volcano would erupt and cover the village in ash. 6. Nobody knew what was inside the unknown cave. 关卡六 · 谜语大挑战 1. A voyage.　2. A narrator.　3. A volcano. Part 7 · 我的词汇打卡清单 每掌握一个词，就在对应的格子里打“√”。全部 94 个√，你就是本单元的单词小达人！ 单词 会读 会拼 会用 development behave particular cause Roman Latin rich century fighting founding BCE war formation several land kingdom greatly army oral comrade cover clothing progress soldier sick wounded northwestern cross wet fall marsh stick still complete mission loss lay lay sb to rest narrator spirit dogsled difficulty continue British cave rainbow anywhere silk somebody everybody anybody nowhere eastern capital northern digital copy large original visitor step everywhere energetic typical successful village figure naturalist biologist interested scientific research voyage notice similar conclude common ancestor finding brand-new pre-existing display unknown level trunk branch exactly obsidian mirror stone well-developed themselves lamp erupt 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $