内容正文:
2025年全国一卷词汇+长难句破局
【一、词汇破局】
1、 听力高频词汇&词块(旅行出行、毕业规划、搬家住房)
出行 / 毕业规划 / 搬家住房
unpack /ʌnˈpæk/ (v.) 整理(行李)
suitcase /ˈsuːtkeɪs/ (n.) 行李箱
form /fɔːm/ (n.) 表格
boarding /ˈbɔːdɪŋ/ (n.) 登机
graduation /ˌɡrædʒuˈeɪʃn/ (n.) 毕业
volunteer /ˌvɒlənˈtɪə/ (n./v.) 志愿者;自愿
social worker /ˈsəʊʃl ˈwɜːkə/ (n.) 社会工作者
pursue /pəˈsjuː/ (v.) 追求;深造
suburbs /ˈsʌbəbz/ (n.) 郊区
crowded /ˈkraʊdɪd/ (adj.) 拥挤的
brilliant /ˈbrɪljənt/ (adj.) 极好的;明亮的
heading /ˈhiːdɪŋ/ (v.) 前往
blocks /blɒks/ (n.) 街区
speed limit /spiːd ˈlɪmɪt/ (n.) 限速
dismiss /dɪˈsmɪs/ (v.) 解散;放学
zone /zəʊn/ (n.) 区域
语境示例:You're driving in a school zone.
documentary /ˌdɒkjuˈmentri/ (n.) 纪录片
reality show /ˈriːləti ʃəʊ/ (n.) 真人秀
decent /ˈdiːsnt/ (adj.) 体面的;像样的
entertainment /ˌentəˈteɪnmənt/ (n.) 娱乐
campaign /kæmˈpeɪn/ (n./v.) 运动;活动
neighborhood /ˈneɪbəhʊd/ (n.) 社区;街坊
enhance /ɪnˈhɑːns/ (v.) 增强;提高
coast /kəʊst/ (n.) 海岸
flood /flʌd/ (n./v.) 洪水
ignore /ɪɡˈnɔː/ (v.) 忽视
association /əˌsəʊʃiˈeɪʃn/ (n.) 协会;联想
2、 阅读理解(交通与绿色能源、教学与写作、城市交通与行人、微塑料污染)
1. 交通运输 、碳排放、绿色燃料 —— A篇
emission /ɪˈmɪʃn/ (n.) 排放;排放物
decarbonize /diːˈkɑːbənaɪz/ (v.) 脱碳
transportation /ˌtrænspɔːˈteɪʃn/ (n.) 交通运输
account for /əˈkaʊnt fɔː/ (v.) 占(比例)
breakdown /ˈbreɪkdaʊn/ (n.) 明细;分解
lightweight /ˈlaɪtweɪt/ (adj.) 轻量的
synthetic /ˈsɪnθətɪk/ (adj.) 合成的
hydrocarbon /ˌhaɪdrəˈkɑːbən/ (n.) 碳氢化合物
aviation /ˌeɪviˈeɪʃn/ (n.) 航空
sustainable /səˈsteɪnəbl/ (adj.) 可持续的
energy-efficient /ˌenədʒi ɪˈfɪʃnt/ (adj.) 节能的
solid-state /ˈsɒlɪdsteɪt/ (adj.) 固态的
electrified /ɪˈlektrɪfaɪd/ (adj.) 电气化的
hydrogen /ˈhaɪdrədʒən/ (n.) 氢
ammonia /ˈæməniə/ (n.) 氨
ignite /ˈɪɡnaɪt/ (v.) 点燃
transition /trænˈzɪʃn/ (n.) 变革;过渡
renewable /rɪˈnjuːəbl/ (adj.) 可再生的
estimate /ˈestɪmeɪt/ (v./n.) 估计
demand /dɪˈmɑːnd/ (n./v.) 需求
2. 教育、写作教学、师生关系 —— B篇
ninth-grade /naɪnθ ɡreɪd/ (adj.) 九年级的
cowboy /ˈkaʊbɔɪ/ (n.) 牛仔
strict /strɪkt/ (adj.) 严格的
demand /dɪˈmɑːnd/ (v.) 要求
thesis /ˈθiːsɪs/ (n.) 论点;论文
interpret /ɪnˈtɜːprɪt/ (v.) 解释
persuasive /pəˈsweɪsɪv/ (adj.) 有说服力的
genre /ˈʒɑːnrə/ (n.) 体裁
specification /ˌspeksɪfɪˈkeɪʃn/ (n.) 规格;要求
staggering /ˈstæɡərɪŋ/ (adj.) 令人惊叹的
diverse /daɪˈvɜːs/ (adj.) 多样的
broaden /ˈbrɔːdn/ (v.) 拓宽
significance /sɪɡˈnɪfɪkəns/ (n.) 意义;重要性
means of communication /miːnz əv ˌkɒmjuˈnɪkeɪʃn/ (n.) 交流方式
fictional /ˈfɪkʃənl/ (adj.) 虚构的
narrative /ˈnærətɪv/ (n.) 记叙文
workshop /ˈwɜːkʃɒp/ (n.) 工作坊;研讨会
strike /straɪk/ (v.) 给…以印象
3. 城市规划、交通安全、社区生活 —— C篇
pedestrian /pəˈdestriən/ (n.) 行人
mobility /məˈbɪləti/ (n.) 流动性
decline /dɪˈklaɪn/ (v./n.) 下降
bother /ˈbɒðə/ (v.) 困扰
destroy /dɪˈstrɔɪ/ (v.) 摧毁
campaign /kæmˈpeɪn/ (n./v.) 运动;倡议
journalist /ˈdʒɜːnəlɪst/ (n.) 记者
alarm /əˈlɑːm/ (n./v.) 震惊;警报
champion /ˈtʃæmpiən/ (v./n.) 捍卫;支持
widespread /ˈwɪdspred/ (adj.) 广泛的
redesign /ˌriːdɪˈzaɪn/ (v.) 重新设计
ownership /ˈəʊnəʃɪp/ (n.) 所有权;拥有
invest /ɪnˈvest/ (v.) 投资
account for /əˈkaʊnt fɔː/ (v.) 说明;解释
recognise /ˈrekəɡnaɪz/ (v.) 认识到
livable /ˈlɪvəbl/ (adj.) 宜居的
4. 环境污染、科学研究、饮用水安全 —— D篇
microplastic /ˈmaɪkrəʊplæstɪk/ (n.) 微塑料
Himalaya /ˌhɪməˈleɪə/ (n.) 喜马拉雅山
volcanic /vɒlˈkænɪk/ (adj.) 火山的
Antarctic /ænˈtɑːktɪk/ (adj./n.) 南极的
filter /ˈfɪltə/ (v./n.) 过滤
calcium carbonate /ˈkælsiəm ˈkɑːbəneɪt/ (n.) 碳酸钙
trap /træp/ (v./n.) 截留;困住
hardness /ˈhɑːdnəs/ (n.) 硬度
sample /ˈsɑːmpl/ (n./v.) 样品
polystyrene /ˌpɒliˈstaɪriːn/ (n.) 聚苯乙烯
polyethylene /ˌpɒliˈθiːliːn/ (n.) 聚乙烯
polypropylene /ˌpɒliˈprɒpɪliːn/ (n.) 聚丙烯
vinyl chloride /ˈvɪnl ˈklɔːraɪd/ (n.) 氯乙烯
exposure /ɪkˈspəʊʒə/ (n.) 接触;暴露
intake /ˈɪnteɪk/ (n.) 摄入量
demonstrate /ˈdemənstreɪt/ (v.) 展示;证明
upgrade /ʌpˈɡreɪd/ (v.) 升级
severe /ˈsɪviə/ (adj.) 严重的
三、七选五(咖啡馆故事)
日常生活、社区服务、人际关系
contagious /kənˈteɪdʒəs/ (adj.) 有感染力的
genuine /ˈdʒenjuɪn/ (adj.) 真诚的
pick-me-up /ˈpɪk mi ʌp/ (n.) 提神饮料
chaos /ˈkeɪɒs/ (n.) 混乱
ray /reɪ/ (n.) 一束;光线
exchange /ɪkˈsfeɪndʒ/ (v./n.) 交流;交换
cheerful /ˈtʃɪəfl/ (adj.) 愉快的
intention /ɪnˈtenʃn/ (n.) 意图;打算
serve /sɜːv/ (v.) 服务
grab /ɡræb/ (v.) 抓取;接过
四、完型填空(搬家与赠物)
搬家、断舍离、人际交往
vase /vɑːz/ (n.) 花瓶
wedding /ˈwedɪŋ/ (n.) 婚礼
empty out /ˈempti aʊt/ (v.) 清空
stuffed /stʌft/ (adj.) 塞满的
valuable /ˈvæljuəbl/ (adj.) 有价值的
landfill /ˈlændfil/ (n.) 垃圾填埋场
receipt /rˈsiːt/ (n.) 收据
description /dɪˈskrɪpʃn/ (n.) 描述
encourage /ɪnˈkʌrɪdʒ/ (v.) 鼓励
visit /ˈvɪzɪt/ (v./n.) 拜访
spare /speə/ (v.) 免去;省得
encounter /ɪnˈkaʊntə/ (v./n.) 遇见
belonging /bɪˈlɒŋɪŋ/ (n.) 所有物
appreciate /əˈpriːʃieɪt/ (v.) 欣赏;感激
anticipate /ænˈtɪsɪpeɪt/ (v.) 期待
withdraw /wɪðˈdrɔː/ (v.) 撤回
五、语法填空(围棋与艺术展)
文化艺术、围棋、艺术展览
exhibition /ˌeksɪˈbɪʃn/ (n.) 展览
inspire /ɪnˈspaɪə/ (v.) 启发;激励
binary /ˈbaɪnəri/ (adj.) 二元的
philosophy /fɪˈlɒsəfi/ (n.) 哲学
contemporary /kənˈtempərəri/ (adj.) 当代的
minimalist /ˈmɪnɪməlɪst/ (adj./n.) 极简主义的
conceptual /kənˈseptʃuəl/ (adj.) 观念的
expressionism /ɪkˈspresʃənɪzəm/ (n.) 表现主义
opponent /ˌɒpəˈnənt/ (n.) 对手
trap /træp/ (n.) 陷阱
guidance /ˈɡaɪdns/ (n.) 引导;指导
expose to /ɪkˈspəʊz tuː/ (v.) 暴露于
gesture /ˈdʒestʃə/ (n.) 姿态;手势
strategic /ˈstrætədʒɪk/ (adj.) 策略的
placement /ˈpleɪsmənt/ (n.) 布局;放置
digital /ˈdɪdʒɪtl/ (adj.) 数字的
digitally /ˈdɪdʒɪtəli/ (adv.) 数字地
silk-screen /ˈsɪlk skriːn/ (n.) 丝网印刷
六、写作(校园生活与亲情理解)
column /ˈkɒləm/ (n.) 栏目
predilection /ˌpredɪˈlekʃn/ (n.) 偏好
catalyst /ˈkætəlɪst/ (n.) 催化剂
aspiration /ˌæspɪˈreɪʃn/ (n.) 抱负;渴望
forge /fɔːdʒ/ (v.) 锻造;建立
wavelength /ˈweɪvlɪŋθ/ (n.) 波长
harmonious /ˌhɒməniəs/ (adj.) 和谐的
conscience /ˈkɒnʃəns/ (n.) 良心
constant /ˈkɒnstənt/ (adj.) 持续的;忠实的
companion /kəmˈpæniən/ (n.) 同伴
heal /hiːl/ (v.) 治愈;修复
apologize /əˈpɒlədʒaɪz/ (v.) 道歉
【二、长难句破局】
长难句拆解核心四步法
1. 找动词: 快速扫描句子,找出所有谓语动词,确定句子数量。
2. 找连词和从句: 识别 that, which, although, when 等引导词,划分主句和从句。
3. 找修饰: 找出介词短语、分词、不定式、形容词短语等修饰成分,明确其修饰对象。
4. 提主干: 剥离所有修饰成分,留下“主语+谓语+宾语/表语”的核心骨架,理解句意。
1.【2025年全国高考一卷 阅读理解A篇】Moving goods and people around the world is responsible for a large part of global CO₂ emissions, and as the world races to decarbonize everything, it faces particular problems with transportation — which accounts for about a quarter of our energy-related greenhouse gas emissions.
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2.【2025年全国高考一卷 阅读理解A篇】The fuels for transport need to be not just green, cheap and powerful, but also lightweight and safe enough to be carried around.
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3.【2025年全国高考一卷 阅读理解A篇】It's estimated that the global demand for electricity could more than double by 2050.
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4.【2025年全国高考一卷 阅读理解B篇】More than once, I found myself wondering just how my students, who'd created these people, knew their subjects so well.
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5.【2025年全国高考一卷 阅读理解B篇】They could have written pages on the necessity of computers, but writing, in and of itself, simply didn't strike them as important.
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6.【2025年全国高考一卷 阅读理解B篇】The students took on diverse topics and turned in stories, 10 to 20 pages each, with characters that broadened my view and touched my heart.
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7.【2025年全国高考一卷 阅读理解B篇】I walked into class believing that writing is important as a means of communication. However, my students demonstrated something more important to me.
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8.【2025年全国高考一卷 阅读理解B篇】When the final bell rang in June, I walked away with a yearbook full of messages about writing's most powerful significance — the ability to connect people, to put us in another's skin, to teach us what it means to be human.
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9.【2025年全国高考一卷 阅读理解C篇】Life on city streets started to change decades ago. Whole neighbourhoods were destroyed to make way for new road networks and kids had to play elsewhere.
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10.【2025年全国高考一卷 阅读理解C篇】Although these campaigns were widespread, the reality is that the majority of the western cities were completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car.
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11.【2025年全国高考一卷 阅读理解D篇】Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth — they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow.
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12.【2025年全国高考一卷 阅读理解D篇】Crucially, this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate to trap the plastics.
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13.【2025年全国高考一卷 阅读理解D篇】Still, the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure — a task that's becoming increasingly difficult.
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14.【2025年全国高考一卷 阅读理解D篇】"The way they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process was nice," Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay, an environmental engineer of the University of Glasgow in Scotland who was not involved in the research, tells New Scientist.
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15.【2025年全国高考一卷 阅读理解C篇】 We invest a lot in roads that help us rush through, but we fail to account for the true costs. Do we really recognise what it costs us as a society when children can't move safely around our communities?
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学科网(北京)股份有限公司
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2025年全国一卷词汇+长难句破局
【一、词汇破局】
1、 听力高频词汇&词块(旅行出行、毕业规划、搬家住房)
出行 / 毕业规划 / 搬家住房
unpack /ʌnˈpæk/ (v.) 整理(行李)
suitcase /ˈsuːtkeɪs/ (n.) 行李箱
form /fɔːm/ (n.) 表格
boarding /ˈbɔːdɪŋ/ (n.) 登机
graduation /ˌɡrædʒuˈeɪʃn/ (n.) 毕业
volunteer /ˌvɒlənˈtɪə/ (n./v.) 志愿者;自愿
social worker /ˈsəʊʃl ˈwɜːkə/ (n.) 社会工作者
pursue /pəˈsjuː/ (v.) 追求;深造
suburbs /ˈsʌbəbz/ (n.) 郊区
crowded /ˈkraʊdɪd/ (adj.) 拥挤的
brilliant /ˈbrɪljənt/ (adj.) 极好的;明亮的
heading /ˈhiːdɪŋ/ (v.) 前往
blocks /blɒks/ (n.) 街区
speed limit /spiːd ˈlɪmɪt/ (n.) 限速
dismiss /dɪˈsmɪs/ (v.) 解散;放学
zone /zəʊn/ (n.) 区域
语境示例:You're driving in a school zone.
documentary /ˌdɒkjuˈmentri/ (n.) 纪录片
reality show /ˈriːləti ʃəʊ/ (n.) 真人秀
decent /ˈdiːsnt/ (adj.) 体面的;像样的
entertainment /ˌentəˈteɪnmənt/ (n.) 娱乐
campaign /kæmˈpeɪn/ (n./v.) 运动;活动
neighborhood /ˈneɪbəhʊd/ (n.) 社区;街坊
enhance /ɪnˈhɑːns/ (v.) 增强;提高
coast /kəʊst/ (n.) 海岸
flood /flʌd/ (n./v.) 洪水
ignore /ɪɡˈnɔː/ (v.) 忽视
association /əˌsəʊʃiˈeɪʃn/ (n.) 协会;联想
2、 阅读理解(交通与绿色能源、教学与写作、城市交通与行人、微塑料污染)
1. 交通运输 、碳排放、绿色燃料 —— A篇
emission /ɪˈmɪʃn/ (n.) 排放;排放物
decarbonize /diːˈkɑːbənaɪz/ (v.) 脱碳
transportation /ˌtrænspɔːˈteɪʃn/ (n.) 交通运输
account for /əˈkaʊnt fɔː/ (v.) 占(比例)
breakdown /ˈbreɪkdaʊn/ (n.) 明细;分解
lightweight /ˈlaɪtweɪt/ (adj.) 轻量的
synthetic /ˈsɪnθətɪk/ (adj.) 合成的
hydrocarbon /ˌhaɪdrəˈkɑːbən/ (n.) 碳氢化合物
aviation /ˌeɪviˈeɪʃn/ (n.) 航空
sustainable /səˈsteɪnəbl/ (adj.) 可持续的
energy-efficient /ˌenədʒi ɪˈfɪʃnt/ (adj.) 节能的
solid-state /ˈsɒlɪdsteɪt/ (adj.) 固态的
electrified /ɪˈlektrɪfaɪd/ (adj.) 电气化的
hydrogen /ˈhaɪdrədʒən/ (n.) 氢
ammonia /ˈæməniə/ (n.) 氨
ignite /ˈɪɡnaɪt/ (v.) 点燃
transition /trænˈzɪʃn/ (n.) 变革;过渡
renewable /rɪˈnjuːəbl/ (adj.) 可再生的
estimate /ˈestɪmeɪt/ (v./n.) 估计
demand /dɪˈmɑːnd/ (n./v.) 需求
2. 教育、写作教学、师生关系 —— B篇
ninth-grade /naɪnθ ɡreɪd/ (adj.) 九年级的
cowboy /ˈkaʊbɔɪ/ (n.) 牛仔
strict /strɪkt/ (adj.) 严格的
demand /dɪˈmɑːnd/ (v.) 要求
thesis /ˈθiːsɪs/ (n.) 论点;论文
interpret /ɪnˈtɜːprɪt/ (v.) 解释
persuasive /pəˈsweɪsɪv/ (adj.) 有说服力的
genre /ˈʒɑːnrə/ (n.) 体裁
specification /ˌspeksɪfɪˈkeɪʃn/ (n.) 规格;要求
staggering /ˈstæɡərɪŋ/ (adj.) 令人惊叹的
diverse /daɪˈvɜːs/ (adj.) 多样的
broaden /ˈbrɔːdn/ (v.) 拓宽
significance /sɪɡˈnɪfɪkəns/ (n.) 意义;重要性
means of communication /miːnz əv ˌkɒmjuˈnɪkeɪʃn/ (n.) 交流方式
fictional /ˈfɪkʃənl/ (adj.) 虚构的
narrative /ˈnærətɪv/ (n.) 记叙文
workshop /ˈwɜːkʃɒp/ (n.) 工作坊;研讨会
strike /straɪk/ (v.) 给…以印象
3. 城市规划、交通安全、社区生活 —— C篇
pedestrian /pəˈdestriən/ (n.) 行人
mobility /məˈbɪləti/ (n.) 流动性
decline /dɪˈklaɪn/ (v./n.) 下降
bother /ˈbɒðə/ (v.) 困扰
destroy /dɪˈstrɔɪ/ (v.) 摧毁
campaign /kæmˈpeɪn/ (n./v.) 运动;倡议
journalist /ˈdʒɜːnəlɪst/ (n.) 记者
alarm /əˈlɑːm/ (n./v.) 震惊;警报
champion /ˈtʃæmpiən/ (v./n.) 捍卫;支持
widespread /ˈwɪdspred/ (adj.) 广泛的
redesign /ˌriːdɪˈzaɪn/ (v.) 重新设计
ownership /ˈəʊnəʃɪp/ (n.) 所有权;拥有
invest /ɪnˈvest/ (v.) 投资
account for /əˈkaʊnt fɔː/ (v.) 说明;解释
recognise /ˈrekəɡnaɪz/ (v.) 认识到
livable /ˈlɪvəbl/ (adj.) 宜居的
4. 环境污染、科学研究、饮用水安全 —— D篇
microplastic /ˈmaɪkrəʊplæstɪk/ (n.) 微塑料
Himalaya /ˌhɪməˈleɪə/ (n.) 喜马拉雅山
volcanic /vɒlˈkænɪk/ (adj.) 火山的
Antarctic /ænˈtɑːktɪk/ (adj./n.) 南极的
filter /ˈfɪltə/ (v./n.) 过滤
calcium carbonate /ˈkælsiəm ˈkɑːbəneɪt/ (n.) 碳酸钙
trap /træp/ (v./n.) 截留;困住
hardness /ˈhɑːdnəs/ (n.) 硬度
sample /ˈsɑːmpl/ (n./v.) 样品
polystyrene /ˌpɒliˈstaɪriːn/ (n.) 聚苯乙烯
polyethylene /ˌpɒliˈθiːliːn/ (n.) 聚乙烯
polypropylene /ˌpɒliˈprɒpɪliːn/ (n.) 聚丙烯
vinyl chloride /ˈvɪnl ˈklɔːraɪd/ (n.) 氯乙烯
exposure /ɪkˈspəʊʒə/ (n.) 接触;暴露
intake /ˈɪnteɪk/ (n.) 摄入量
demonstrate /ˈdemənstreɪt/ (v.) 展示;证明
upgrade /ʌpˈɡreɪd/ (v.) 升级
severe /ˈsɪviə/ (adj.) 严重的
三、七选五(咖啡馆故事)
日常生活、社区服务、人际关系
contagious /kənˈteɪdʒəs/ (adj.) 有感染力的
genuine /ˈdʒenjuɪn/ (adj.) 真诚的
pick-me-up /ˈpɪk mi ʌp/ (n.) 提神饮料
chaos /ˈkeɪɒs/ (n.) 混乱
ray /reɪ/ (n.) 一束;光线
exchange /ɪkˈsfeɪndʒ/ (v./n.) 交流;交换
cheerful /ˈtʃɪəfl/ (adj.) 愉快的
intention /ɪnˈtenʃn/ (n.) 意图;打算
serve /sɜːv/ (v.) 服务
grab /ɡræb/ (v.) 抓取;接过
四、完型填空(搬家与赠物)
搬家、断舍离、人际交往
vase /vɑːz/ (n.) 花瓶
wedding /ˈwedɪŋ/ (n.) 婚礼
empty out /ˈempti aʊt/ (v.) 清空
stuffed /stʌft/ (adj.) 塞满的
valuable /ˈvæljuəbl/ (adj.) 有价值的
landfill /ˈlændfil/ (n.) 垃圾填埋场
receipt /rˈsiːt/ (n.) 收据
description /dɪˈskrɪpʃn/ (n.) 描述
encourage /ɪnˈkʌrɪdʒ/ (v.) 鼓励
visit /ˈvɪzɪt/ (v./n.) 拜访
spare /speə/ (v.) 免去;省得
encounter /ɪnˈkaʊntə/ (v./n.) 遇见
belonging /bɪˈlɒŋɪŋ/ (n.) 所有物
appreciate /əˈpriːʃieɪt/ (v.) 欣赏;感激
anticipate /ænˈtɪsɪpeɪt/ (v.) 期待
withdraw /wɪðˈdrɔː/ (v.) 撤回
五、语法填空(围棋与艺术展)
文化艺术、围棋、艺术展览
exhibition /ˌeksɪˈbɪʃn/ (n.) 展览
inspire /ɪnˈspaɪə/ (v.) 启发;激励
binary /ˈbaɪnəri/ (adj.) 二元的
philosophy /fɪˈlɒsəfi/ (n.) 哲学
contemporary /kənˈtempərəri/ (adj.) 当代的
minimalist /ˈmɪnɪməlɪst/ (adj./n.) 极简主义的
conceptual /kənˈseptʃuəl/ (adj.) 观念的
expressionism /ɪkˈspresʃənɪzəm/ (n.) 表现主义
opponent /ˌɒpəˈnənt/ (n.) 对手
trap /træp/ (n.) 陷阱
guidance /ˈɡaɪdns/ (n.) 引导;指导
expose to /ɪkˈspəʊz tuː/ (v.) 暴露于
gesture /ˈdʒestʃə/ (n.) 姿态;手势
strategic /ˈstrætədʒɪk/ (adj.) 策略的
placement /ˈpleɪsmənt/ (n.) 布局;放置
digital /ˈdɪdʒɪtl/ (adj.) 数字的
digitally /ˈdɪdʒɪtəli/ (adv.) 数字地
silk-screen /ˈsɪlk skriːn/ (n.) 丝网印刷
六、写作(校园生活与亲情理解)
column /ˈkɒləm/ (n.) 栏目
predilection /ˌpredɪˈlekʃn/ (n.) 偏好
catalyst /ˈkætəlɪst/ (n.) 催化剂
aspiration /ˌæspɪˈreɪʃn/ (n.) 抱负;渴望
forge /fɔːdʒ/ (v.) 锻造;建立
wavelength /ˈweɪvlɪŋθ/ (n.) 波长
harmonious /ˌhɒməniəs/ (adj.) 和谐的
conscience /ˈkɒnʃəns/ (n.) 良心
constant /ˈkɒnstənt/ (adj.) 持续的;忠实的
companion /kəmˈpæniən/ (n.) 同伴
heal /hiːl/ (v.) 治愈;修复
apologize /əˈpɒlədʒaɪz/ (v.) 道歉
【二、长难句破局】
长难句拆解核心四步法
1. 找动词: 快速扫描句子,找出所有谓语动词,确定句子数量。
2. 找连词和从句: 识别 that, which, although, when 等引导词,划分主句和从句。
3. 找修饰: 找出介词短语、分词、不定式、形容词短语等修饰成分,明确其修饰对象。
4. 提主干: 剥离所有修饰成分,留下“主语+谓语+宾语/表语”的核心骨架,理解句意。
1.【2025年全国高考一卷 阅读理解A篇】Moving goods and people around the world is responsible for a large part of global CO₂ emissions, and as the world races to decarbonize everything, it faces particular problems with transportation — which accounts for about a quarter of our energy-related greenhouse gas emissions.
【主干】Moving goods and people...is responsible for a large part of global CO₂ emissions, and it faces particular problems with transportation.
【解析】并列复合句。
1. "Moving goods and people around the world"为动名词短语作主语,谓语为"is responsible for"(对……负责)。
2. "as the world races to decarbonize everything"为as引导的时间状语从句,races to do sth.表示"竞相做某事"。
3. 破折号后为which引导的非限制性定语从句,修饰transportation。
4. "accounts for"意为"占(比例)",energy-related意为"与能源相关的"。
【翻译】在全球范围内运输货物和人员造成了大量的二氧化碳排放,随着世界竞相实现全面脱碳,它在交通方面面临着特别的问题——交通约占我们能源相关温室气体排放的四分之一。
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2.【2025年全国高考一卷 阅读理解A篇】The fuels for transport need to be not just green, cheap and powerful, but also lightweight and safe enough to be carried around.
【主干】The fuels for transport need to be not just green, cheap and powerful, but also lightweight and safe.
【解析】并列结构+不定式被动。
1. 本句使用了"not just...but also..."并列结构,连接两组形容词短语:green, cheap and powerful 与 lightweight and safe。
2. "safe enough to be carried around"中,enough to do sth.表示"足够……以至于可以……"。
3. "to be carried around"为不定式的被动形式,作结果状语,修饰safe。
【翻译】交通工具的燃料不仅需要环保、廉价且动力充足,还需要轻便且足够安全,便于携带。
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3.【2025年全国高考一卷 阅读理解A篇】It's estimated that the global demand for electricity could more than double by 2050.
【主干】It's estimated that the global demand for electricity could more than double.
【解析】形式主语+真正的主语从句。
1. 本句使用"It's estimated that..."句型,it为形式主语,that引导的主语从句为真正主语。
2. "more than double"表示"超过两倍",more than修饰double(翻倍)。
3. "by 2050"表示"到2050年为止",常与虚拟语气或推测语气连用。
【翻译】据估计,到2050年全球电力需求可能会翻一番以上。
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4.【2025年全国高考一卷 阅读理解B篇】More than once, I found myself wondering just how my students, who'd created these people, knew their subjects so well.
【主干】I found myself wondering how my students knew their subjects so well.
【解析】复合句:宾语从句+定语从句。
1. "found myself wondering"为"find + 宾语 + 现在分词"结构,wondering表示"暗自琢磨"。
2. "just how my students...knew their subjects so well"为wondering的宾语从句,由how引导。
3. "who'd created these people"为who引导的非限制性定语从句,修饰my students,who'd = who had。
4. "More than once"意为"不止一次",作时间状语置于句首。
【翻译】不止一次,我暗自琢磨,这些塑造了这些人物的学生,究竟是如何如此深入了解他们笔下的角色的。
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5.【2025年全国高考一卷 阅读理解B篇】They could have written pages on the necessity of computers, but writing, in and of itself, simply didn't strike them as important.
【主干】They could have written pages on the necessity of computers, but writing simply didn't strike them as important.
【解析】并列句+虚拟语气。
1. 本句为并列句,由but连接两个分句。
2. 第一个分句使用"could have done"表示"本可以……(但其实没有)",表示对过去的虚拟。
3. "in and of itself"为插入语,意为"本身",相当于"itself"。
4. "strike sb as adj."表示"给某人留下……的印象",didn't strike them as important意为"没让他们觉得重要"。
【翻译】他们本可以就电脑的必要性写下数页内容,但写作本身根本没让他们觉得重要。
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6.【2025年全国高考一卷 阅读理解B篇】The students took on diverse topics and turned in stories, 10 to 20 pages each, with characters that broadened my view and touched my heart.
【主干】The students took on diverse topics and turned in stories with characters that broadened my view and touched my heart.
【解析】并列谓语+独立主格+定语从句。
1. "took on"(选取)和"turned in"(提交)为并列谓语,共用主语The students。
2. "10 to 20 pages each"为独立主格结构,作补充说明,修饰stories。
3. "with characters that..."为with复合结构,其中that引导定语从句修饰characters。
4. 定语从句中"broadened my view"和"touched my heart"为并列谓语。
【翻译】学生们选取了多样的主题,交上来的故事每篇都有10到20页长,其中的人物拓宽了我的视野,也触动了我的心。
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7.【2025年全国高考一卷 阅读理解B篇】I walked into class believing that writing is important as a means of communication. However, my students demonstrated something more important to me.
【主干】I walked into class believing that writing is important as a means of communication. However, my students demonstrated something more important to me.
【解析】宾语从句+后置定语。
1. 第一句含that引导的宾语从句(believing后省略了that),"as a means of communication"作方式状语。
2. "believing that..."为现在分词短语作伴随状语,修饰I。
3. 第二句"something more important to me"中,more important作后置定语修饰something,形容词修饰不定代词时需后置。
【翻译】我走进教室时坚信写作作为一种交流方式至关重要。然而,学生们向我展示了更为重要的东西。
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8.【2025年全国高考一卷 阅读理解B篇】When the final bell rang in June, I walked away with a yearbook full of messages about writing's most powerful significance — the ability to connect people, to put us in another's skin, to teach us what it means to be human.
【主干】When the final bell rang in June, I walked away with a yearbook full of messages about writing's most powerful significance — the ability to connect people, to put us in another's skin, to teach us what it means to be human.
【解析】时间状语从句+with复合结构+同位语+并列不定式。
1. When引导时间状语从句:"When the final bell rang in June"。
2. 主句"with a yearbook full of messages"为with复合结构,full of messages作后置定语修饰yearbook。
3. 破折号后为同位语the ability,解释significance的具体内容。
4. 三个不定式短语"to connect..., to put..., to teach..."为并列结构,作ability的同位语,进一步说明ability的内容。
5. "what it means to be human"为what引导的宾语从句,作teach us的间接宾语。
【翻译】当六月的下课铃响起时,我带着一本满是留言的年鉴离开——这些留言诉说着写作最强大的意义:它能连接人与人,让我们换位思考,教会我们身为人类的真谛。
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9.【2025年全国高考一卷 阅读理解C篇】Life on city streets started to change decades ago. Whole neighbourhoods were destroyed to make way for new road networks and kids had to play elsewhere.
【主干】Life on city streets started to change. Whole neighbourhoods were destroyed to make way for new road networks and kids had to play elsewhere.
【解析】并列句+不定式目的状语。
1. 本句为并列句,由and连接两个分句。
2. 第一句使用"start to do sth."结构,"Life on city streets"为主语,on city streets作后置定语。
3. 第二句"were destroyed to make way for..."中,不定式作目的状语,"make way for"意为"为……让路"。
4. "had to play elsewhere"中had to表示"不得不",elsewhere为副词"在别处"。
【翻译】城市街道上的生活几十年前就开始改变了。整个社区被摧毁,为新的道路网络让路,孩子们不得不在其他地方玩耍。
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10.【2025年全国高考一卷 阅读理解C篇】Although these campaigns were widespread, the reality is that the majority of the western cities were completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car.
【主干】Although these campaigns were widespread, the reality is that the majority of the western cities were completely redesigned.
【解析】让步状语从句+表语从句。
1. Although引导让步状语从句:"Although these campaigns were widespread"(尽管这些运动很普遍)。
2. "the reality is that..."中that引导表语从句,说明reality的具体内容。
3. "around the needs of the motor car"为介词短语作状语,表示"围绕汽车的需求"。
4. "the majority of"表示"大多数的",谓语动词用复数were。
【翻译】尽管这些运动很普遍,但现实是大多数西方城市完全围绕汽车需求重新设计。
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11.【2025年全国高考一卷 阅读理解D篇】Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth — they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow.
【主干】Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth — they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow.
【解析】破折号解释说明+并列谓语排比结构。
1. 破折号后为解释说明部分,由四个并列的现在完成时动词短语构成排比结构。
2. 四个并列谓语:have settled..., (have) stuck..., (have) filled..., (have) fallen...,共用助动词have。
3. "stuck inside volcanic rocks"中stuck为过去分词,与前面并列,表示"被困在火山岩中"。
4. "even"表示递进,强调微塑料污染的广泛程度。
【翻译】微塑料已经成为地球上常见的污染源——它们出现在深海和喜马拉雅山上,被困在火山岩中,填满海鸟的胃,甚至落在南极的新雪中。
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12.【2025年全国高考一卷 阅读理解D篇】Crucially, this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate to trap the plastics.
【主干】Crucially, this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate to trap the plastics.
【解析】动名词复合结构+enough...to...。
1. "Crucially"为副词,意为"至关重要的是",作状语修饰全句。
2. "relies on"后接动名词复合结构"the water containing enough..."",the water为逻辑主语,containing为逻辑谓语。
3. "enough...to do"表示"足够……去做",to trap the plastics作目的状语,修饰containing。
【翻译】至关重要的是,这一过程依赖于含有足够碳酸钙的水来截留塑料。
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13.【2025年全国高考一卷 阅读理解D篇】Still, the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure — a task that's becoming increasingly difficult.
【主干】Still, the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure — a task that's becoming increasingly difficult.
【解析】同位语+定语从句。
1. "Still"意为"尽管如此",作转折连词。
2. 破折号后"a task"为"potential path"的同位语,对path进行补充说明。
3. 后面接that引导的定语从句"that's becoming increasingly difficult"修饰task。
4. "path forward"意为"前进的道路/方向",for reducing microplastic exposure为介词短语作后置定语修饰path。
【翻译】尽管如此,研究结果显示了减少微塑料接触的潜在途径——这一任务正变得越来越困难。
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14.【2025年全国高考一卷 阅读理解D篇】"The way they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process was nice," Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay, an environmental engineer of the University of Glasgow in Scotland who was not involved in the research, tells New Scientist.
【主干】"The way they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process was nice," Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay tells New Scientist.
【解析】主从复合句+同位语+定语从句嵌套。
1. 主句主语为"The way",后接they demonstrated的定语从句(省略that/in which)。
2. "how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process"为demonstrated的宾语从句,由how引导。
3. "an environmental engineer...who was not involved..."为Caroline的同位语,其中who引导非限制性定语从句修饰engineer。
4. 本句为直接引语前置的倒装结构,正常语序为:Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay tells New Scientist, "The way...was nice."
【翻译】苏格兰格拉斯哥大学的环境工程师Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay(未参与此项研究)告诉《新科学家》杂志:"他们展示微塑料如何在沸煮过程中被截留的方式很不错。"
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15.【2025年全国高考一卷 阅读理解C篇】 We invest a lot in roads that help us rush through, but we fail to account for the true costs. Do we really recognise what it costs us as a society when children can't move safely around our communities?
【主干】We invest a lot in roads that help us rush through, but we fail to account for the true costs. Do we really recognise what it costs us as a society when children can't move safely around our communities?
【解析】并列句+定语从句+宾语从句+时间状语从句。
1. 第一句为并列句,由but连接两个分句。
2. "that help us rush through"为that引导的定语从句,修饰roads。
3. "fail to account for"意为"未能考虑到",account for在此表示"说明;解释"。
4. 第二句为复合疑问句,"what it costs us as a society"为recognise的宾语从句。
5. "when children can't move safely around our communities"为时间状语从句,修饰recognise。
【翻译】我们在帮助我们快速通过的道路上投入了大量资金,但我们没有考虑到真正的成本。我们真的认识到当孩子们不能在我们的社区安全地移动时,我们作为一个社会将会付出什么代价吗?
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