内容正文:
期中专项训练·外研版三起六上
专题04 重点语法分类练习
【语法考点一】How much的用法
【语法考点二】一般过去时的用法
【语法考点三】形容词比较级的用法
【语法考点四】形容词最高级的用法
内容导航
语法考点一
How much的用法
1. How much:提问“不可数名词”的数量(多少)
适用对象:不可数名词(如 water, milk, rice, time, money)。
例句:How much water do you drink every day?(你每天喝多少水?)
2. How much:提问“价格”(多少钱)
适用语境:单独使用,不接名词,用于询问物品的价格,此时不受名词可数性限制(无论物品是单数还是复数,均用 how much)。后面接可数名词单数或不可数名词时,be 动词用 is;后面接可数名词的复数时,be 动词用 are。
例句:How much is this book?(这本书多少钱?) / How much are these apples?(这些苹果多少钱?)
习题精练
一、单项选择。
( ) 1.—______ pocket money do you get every week?
—20 yuan.
A.How many B.How much C.How long
( ) 2.—______ is this toy robot?
—It’s 35 yuan.
A.How many B.How much C.How old
( ) 3.—How much ______ this schoolbag?
—It’s 120 yuan.
A.is B.are C.do D.does
二、用is / are填空。
4.How much the robot?
5.How much the ice creams?
6.How much this book?
7.How much those coins?
8.How much your pocket money?
三、看图,仿照例子写对话。
9.例: ¥32
—How much is the robot?
—It’s 32 yuan.
¥16
—___________________________________
—___________________________________
10.例:¥7
—How much are the cupcakes?
—They’ re seven yuan each.
¥5
—___________________________________
—___________________________________
语法考点二
一般过去时的用法
一、过去时的定义
表示过去某时间发生的动作 / 状态,常搭配 yesterday、“last + 时间”、…ago 等标志词。
二、陈述句句型结构
1. 含有实义动词的:主语+动词过去式 (+其他).
如:I watched TV last night. 我昨晚看了电视。
2. 含有 be 动词的:主语+was/were+其他.
如:She was late yesterday. 她昨天迟到了。
My mother’s gloves were on the sofa just now. 我妈妈的手套刚才在沙发上。
三、特殊疑问句句型结构
1. 含有 be 动词的:特殊疑问词+was/were+主语 (+其他)?
如:— Where were you just now? 你刚才在哪里?
— I was at home. 我在家。
2. 含有实义动词的:特殊疑问词+did+主语+动词原形 (+其他)?
如:— What did you do last weekend? 你上周做了什么? — I went to the park. 我去了公园。
⚠注意 did 后动词必须变回原形,不可用过去式。
四、动词过去式变化规则
1. 基本动词的变化规则:
(1) 直接加 - ed:play→played,clean→cleaned
(2) 以不发音的 e 结尾加 - d:live→lived,like→liked
(3) 以重读闭音节 (辅+元+辅) 结尾,双写结尾辅音字母,再加 - ed:stop→stopped,plan→planned
(4) 以 “辅音+y” 结尾,变 y 为 i 加 - ed:study→studied,cry→cried
2. 不规则动词的变化:am/is→was,are→were,do→did,go→went,eat→ate,see→saw
动词不变形:read→read (发音变,/riːd/→/red/)
习题精练
一、单项选择。
( ) 1.Every small action ______ a big difference to our earth.
A.make B.makes C.making
( ) 2.Please ______ the lights when you leave.
A.turn off B.turns off C.turning off
( ) 3.She ______ milk every morning. It’s good for her bones.
A.drink B.drinks C.drinking
( ) 4.—What do you eat for lunch?
—I ______ rice and chicken.
A.eats B.eat C.eating
( ) 5.Please ______ the bowl to me.
A.pass B.passes C.passing
( ) 6.—Do you like eating noodles?
—Yes, I ______. They are delicious.
A.am B.do C.does
( ) 7.She ______ like rice. She likes noodles better.
A.don’t B.doesn’t C.isn’t
( ) 8.He ______ eats junk food. He wants to stay fit.
A.always B.usually C.never
( ) 9.The girl ______ playing basketball for two months.
A.likes B.keeps C.fails
( ) 10.—What do you do with your best friend?
—I want to ______ with him.
A.play games B.playing games C.play game
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空。
11.Friends (play) together every day.
12.Bird (eat) seeds and Dog eats meat.
13.Don’t (run) after meals.
14.Please (not eat) in the classroom.
15.Everything (turn) into gold in the story.
语法考点三
形容词比较级的用法
(一)比较级规则变化
①一般情况下,在词尾直接加-er。
tall→taller
②以不发音e结尾的词,在词尾加 –r 。
nice→nicer
③以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节单词,双写这个辅音字母,再加-er。
thin→thinner
④以“辅音+y”结尾的词,变y为i再加-er。
dry→drier
⑤多音节和部分双音节形容词前面加 more。
delicious→more delicious
(二)比较级的不规则变化
原 级
比较级
原 级
比较级
good/well
better
little
less
bad/ill
worse
old
older/elder
many/much
more
far
farther / further
(三)比较级的用法
比较级+than
Jim is older than Geoffrey. Jim比Geoffrey大一些。
比较级+than+比较级
He is growing taller and taller. 他长得越来越高。
the+比较级,the+比较级
The more, the better. 越多越好。
选择疑问句中含有比较级
Which shirt is more beautiful, the blue one or the red one?
哪一件衬衫更漂亮,蓝色的这件还是红色的这件?
形容词比较级用于两者之间的比较,“than (比)” 和 “连接两者的 or (或者)” 是句中形容词用比较级的标志词。
句型 “A+be 动词 (+even/much)+ 形容词比较级 + than B.” 意为 “A 比 B 更……”。
例句:I am taller than Mike. 我比迈克高。
I am 4 cm taller than your sister. 我比你的妹妹高 4 厘米。
Peter is even stronger than his father. 彼得比他的爸爸还强壮。
【拓展】比较级前还可用 much、a lot、a little、even、still、twice、three times 等词进行修饰。但注意不可以使用 very。
(四)易错点提醒
①比较必须是同类事物,不能跨类别比较
My bag is heavier than you.
My bag is heavier than yours. 我的包比你的 (包) 重。
②不能重复用比较级,避免 “more + 加 - er 的词”
more taller taller
习题精练
一、写出下列单词的比较级形式。
1.fast → __________
2.easy → __________
3.interesting → __________
4.good → __________
5.short → __________
二、单项选择。
( ) 6.The Antarctic Desert is bigger ______ the Sahara.
A.then B.than C.that D.as
( ) 7.The grassland is ______ than the desert.
A.beautiful B.more beautiful C.the most beautiful
( ) 8.Our new school’s playground is ______ than the old one.
A.wide B.wider C.widest
( ) 9.Elephants are ______ than tigers and lions.
A.big B.bigger C.biggest
( ) 10.Congcong has ______ eyes than Jingjing.
A.big B.bigger C.biger
三、用所给单词的适当形式填空。
11.The Changjiang River is (long) than the Yellow River.
12.The Sahara is big, but the Antarctic Desert is (big).
13.Apples with the peel are (healthy) than apples without it.
14.Mount Qomolangma is (high) than any other mountain in the world.
15.I’m now (short) than my friends!
语法考点四
形容词最高级的用法
一、概念
表示 “三者或三者以上的人 / 事物中最…… 的那一个”。
二、变化规则
规则变化:
一般情况直接在词尾加 - est
tall→tallest、long→longest、clean→cleanest
以不发音的 e 结尾加 - st
nice→nicest、large→largest
以重读闭音节 (辅 + 元 + 辅) 结尾,双写结尾辅音字母,再加 - est
big→biggest、thin→thinnest
以 “辅音 + y” 结尾,变 y 为 i 加 - est
happy→happiest、heavy→heaviest
多音节词 / 长单词,词前加 the most
beautiful→the most beautiful
interesting→the most interesting
不规则变化:
原 级
最高级
good/well
best
bad/ill
worst
many/much
most
little
least
old
oldest/eldest
far
farthest / furthest
三、核心句型
· 主语 + be 动词 + the + 最高级 + 范围 (in/of …).
He is the tallest boy in our class. 他是我们班最高的男孩。
· This/That is the + 最高级 + 名词.
This is the most beautiful place. 这是最美的地方。
四、易错点提醒
1. 最高级前面必须加 the,如:the best、the longest
2. 前面有形容词性物主代词(如 my、your、his、her)时,不加 the,
如:my best friend 我最好的朋友;his biggest bag 他最大的包
习题精练
一、单项选择。
( ) 1.This waterfall is ______ one in our city.
A.tall B.taller C.the tallest
( ) 2.I read many stories, but this story is ______.
A.interesting B.more interesting C.the most interesting
( ) 3.The ______ River is the longest river in Asia.
A.Yellow B.Changjiang C.Pearl
( ) 4.The ______ desert in the world is the Antarctic Desert.
A.hottest B.biggest C.smallest
( ) 5.—What’s the highest plateau in the world?
—It’s ______.
A.the Sahara B.the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau C.the Nile
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空。
6.Mount Qomolangma is the (high) mountain in the world.
7.The Sahara is one of the (hot) deserts in the world.
8.The Sahara is not the (big) desert—it’s the Antarctic Desert.
9.The Changjiang River is the (long) river in Asia.
10.Tianchi Lake on Changbai Mountain is the (deep) lake in China.
参考答案
语法考点一:
一、单项选择。
1.B 2.B 3.A
二、用is / are填空。
4.is 5.are 6.is 7.are 8.is
三、看图,仿照例子写对话。
9.How much is the book? It’s 16 yuan.
10.How much are the socks? They’re five yuan each.
语法考点二:
一、单项选择。
1.B 2.A 3.B 4.B 5.A 6.B 7.B 8.C 9.B 10.A
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空。
11.play 12.eats 13.run 14.don’t eat 15.turns
语法考点三:
一、写出下列单词的比较级形式。
1.faster 2.easier 3.more interesting 4.better 5.shorter
二、单项选择。
6.B 7.B 8.B 9.B 10.B
三、用所给单词的适当形式填空。
11.longer 12.bigger 13.healthier 14.higher 15.shorter
语法考点四:
一、单项选择。
1.C 2.C 3.B 4.B 5.B
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空。
6.highest 7.hottest 8.biggest 9.longest 10.deepest
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